Contains a statement of what. Passing the OGE: secrets of good presentation in the Russian language

The main task of schools, boarding schools and other educational institutions is to develop the child’s speech and the ability to perceive, and then consistently, logically present information. One of the most effective exercises is presentation; children practice it in Russian language and literature lessons. As a rule, children begin to write summaries in elementary school, in 2nd, sometimes in 3-4 grades. The presentation is also included in the main state exam (OGE), which all students must take at the end of 9th grade.

It is very important that the child understands the importance of writing a statement, and also understands and is able to complete the task quickly and correctly. This article contains all the necessary information and will help you answer the question: what is a statement and how to write it?

What is an exposition?

To write expositions correctly, first, you need to understand what it is.

Presentation is a creative task, essentially a retelling. If during the essay the student expresses his own thoughts, then when writing the exposition, he presents the information he has just heard. The presentation goes like this: the teacher reads the text 2 times (in elementary school 3 times), the student listens carefully, makes notes, and tries to remember. The first time the teacher reads slowly, pauses in important places. The second time he reads faster. When the teacher finishes reading, the student should write as closely as possible, maintaining logical order and style, what he just heard.

The older the student, the more complex and voluminous the texts become; every year more and more requirements are placed on the work. As a rule, excerpts from works of fiction are selected as texts. In high school, the text for presentation can be a scientific and journalistic work.

Some teachers take a more creative approach: they show slideshows, filmstrips, films, scenes from plays. The text for presentation can also be replaced with various sound recordings, for example, excerpts from audio books, podcasts.

What tasks does a student face when writing an essay?

understand and remember the text you hear, determine its main idea;
preserve and convey the author's style and speech stylistics as accurately as possible;
accurately convey details and facts, if they are in the text;
accurately remember phrases important for understanding the text, write them in the correct logical sequence;
present the text in the correct sequence, with a complete beginning and ending.

Important! Explain to your child the difference between an essay and a presentation. We present information that we heard, saw, and remembered. It is not a product of the production of our personal consciousness. It is important not to compose or overthink anything, to write only what is indicated in the text. The only exception, when it is possible to express one’s own thoughts, is that the teacher set such a task.

What types of presentation are there?

Detailed. Aimed at memory training, as you need to remember a large amount of information and then present it as accurately as possible. In high school the task becomes more difficult, the level of transmission accuracy becomes high. It is necessary to retell, preserving the author’s linguistic features.
Compressed. Trains the ability to analyze text, highlight key points, and teaches how to create notes.
Narrative. The simplest type is when the student is required to remember the correct sequence of the text and then recreate it.
Descriptive. The text contains a description of a person, animal or phenomenon. The student’s task is to remember this description as accurately as possible and then retell it. It often requires the student to use imagination and know epithets.
Reasoning. A more complex type of essay appears closer to high school. Contains elements of an essay, and requires not only retelling, but also its own logical argumentation.

How to write a presentation correctly?

Now that we have figured out what a statement is, it’s time to understand how to write it correctly. Despite the fact that many children have difficulty writing them, the task is not too difficult, the most important thing is practice and the correct procedure. Explain to your child that he does not need to worry or be afraid that he will not cope with the task. If he listens calmly, listens carefully, and follows the recommendations that we indicate below, he will definitely get the desired “5” and praise from the teacher.

The order of writing the presentation:

Be sure to take a draft and make notes on it while the teacher reads the text for the first time.
A pause between readings is given to comprehend what was heard. You need to write down everything that you managed to remember. Most likely, you couldn’t remember everything you heard, but that’s not a problem. You need to leave gaps and fill them in the second reading.
During the second reading, you need to focus on specific terms, unusual words, names, dates and interesting phrases. Fixing them on paper will further help you remember the details of the text, and they also need to be used in their exact form directly in the presentation.
During the pause between the second and third reading (if there is one), you need to make a plan for the future text; it will help to recreate the correct sequence of presentation and understand what was missed during listening. It’s better to start compiling it right now, while the information is fresh in your head.
The teacher has finished reading, it’s time to start presenting. When writing, be sure to stick to your plan. If time permits, it is better to start writing down the text in a draft so that you can easily correct it later.
The text is ready, now you need to proofread it. The most important thing is to make sure that all sentences are interconnected and complete. Pay attention to frequently repeated words; it is better to replace them with synonyms that suit their meaning.
Re-read the text one last time, and if there are no errors or shortcomings, it’s time to rewrite it into a clean copy.

4 tips that will help you get an “5” for your presentation:

Junior school students cannot yet write as quickly as high school students do, so their technique for writing an exposition is slightly different. Toddlers do not yet know how to listen and write at the same time. Therefore, during the first reading, it is better to put the pen aside and focus on memorizing. High school students begin making notes on their drafts during their first reading.
The functioning of the human brain is unstable; memory may work better one day than another. The ability to remember information is affected by the general level of fatigue and mood. For this reason, there is no single, precise algorithm for writing a statement; you always need to act according to the situation. For example, if after the second reading a whole detailed, sequential plan has already been drawn up in the draft, on the third reading it is better to just listen and memorize without writing anything down. If the plan is not very detailed and there are gaps in it, it is better to fill them in during the third reading.
The longer the sentence, the easier it is to make a mistake. It is better not to pile up the presentation with long, complex sentences. Let them be short, precise and competent. But you shouldn’t skimp on beautiful descriptions and epithets; they will make the text more lively and interesting.
The better your memory is, the easier it is to perceive and remember information. Memory is not a genetically determined parameter; it can be trained and improved. At the same time, it is not at all necessary to train your memory day and night; it is enough to exercise 10-15 minutes a day. You can learn more about memory development in the corresponding course on the BrainApps website. Here you will also find games that will turn memory training into interesting and useful entertainment.

We hope that now you know what exposition is and understand: it is not that difficult, the main thing is to show a little patience and perseverance. We wish you success in your studies, get only A's with BrainApps!

The task of a brief or condensed presentation is to convey the main idea of the text. There is no need to preserve the author's style here, as with a detailed presentation. The main thing is to accurately grasp the main theme, and retell all the events described, observing the logic of the narrative.

How to write a concise summary

There is a classic guide to writing briefs that is very effective and practical.

1. Listen to the text and try to determine the main topic and style of speech.

2. Highlight the main ideas and secondary information in the content. Try to make notes during the first reading, writing down the main thoughts and expressions in abbreviated form. It is also important to correctly write down the names of the characters and dates, if they are present in the text.

3. Clarify the meaning of unclear words.

4. Listen to the text again and make a detailed plan. The more details, the better. This way you can identify micro-topics and build a logical chain of events or phenomena described in the text. Remember: as many paragraphs as there are micro-topics. If the text is read correctly, there is always a pause between paragraphs. This will help you get your bearings.

5. Now we have to compress the plan. Remove all items that do not provide semantic information. You can remove all details, descriptions, details, clarifications, explanations. But don't overdo it, or you risk excluding something important.

6. For each point, write key words, the most striking expressions that will need to be included in the presentation.

7. Outline the content of each point of the plan in a draft, trying to use key words.

8. Read what you have written and check whether the logic of the narrative is preserved, whether the main idea of the text is revealed, whether there is a connection between the paragraphs.

Basic rules for summarizing text

There are several techniques that will help eliminate unimportant details from the story.

1. Exception.

You can exclude words, phrases and entire sentences from the text:

Example:

If a person lives to bring good to people, alleviate their suffering from illness, give people joy, then he sets himself a goal worthy of a person.

Bringing good to people is a goal worthy of a person.

Remove all explanatory structures. In a series of homogeneous members, you can exclude synonyms, leaving one word, or replacing the entire series with one word.

Example:

To protect yourself from indifference, you need to develop in your soul complicity, sympathy , compassion and at the same time skill distinguish harmless human weaknesses from vices , crippling the soul.

To protect yourself from indifference, you need to develop compassion in your soul, but at the same time be able to distinguish human weaknesses from vices.

2. Generalization. Replace descriptive and explanatory sentences with one, but succinct, expression.

Example:

Like any qualified, purposeful, planned and systematic work, a teacher is a profession, a specialty. But this is a special profession, incomparable to any other business. It is distinguished by a number of special properties and qualities.

A teacher is a special profession, distinguished by a number of special qualities and properties.

3. Simplification. Simplify all designs that you can. By the way, you will make fewer mistakes this way. You can, for example, replace participial verbs with participles, remove introductory words, and break a complex sentence that is too long into several simple ones.

Example:

Through the noise of the forest one could hear the sounds that a strained ear hears during any storm, so it was difficult to make out whether it was people calling for help, or whether the storm was crying in the chimney.

Through the noise of the forest, sounds were heard that were difficult to make out.

Example:

Of all the wild animals that I have ever seen and observed , the most outlandish and intelligent animals , undoubtedly , beavers.

Beavers are the most intelligent and strange animals.

The most common mistakes

Avoid frequent repetitions of the same word. Use synonyms or pronouns.

Check the verbal connection between paragraphs. This is easy to do with the help of organizing words: this is why, it follows from this, thus, so, finally, etc.

Do not rearrange parts of the text (micro-themes) so as not to disrupt the consistency of the presentation.

Don't distort the facts. All names, dates, facts must be written correctly.

The OGE examination paper (grade 9) in the Russian language consists of three parts, including 15 tasks.

Part 1 includes one task and is a short written work based on the listened text (condensed presentation).

The source text for the condensed presentation is listened to 2 times.

This task is completed on answer sheet No. 2.

We offer a selection of tests for writing expositions from an open bank of tasks from the official website of FIPI. Download the texts of the statements and print them in Word document format.

Texts of presentations of the OGE in the Russian language from an open task bank from the official website of FIPI

Text of the presentation

The Great Patriotic War is receding further into the past, but the memory of it is alive in the hearts and souls of people. Indeed, how can we forget our unparalleled feat, our irreparable sacrifices made in the name of victory over the most insidious and cruel enemy - fascism. The severity of the four years of war cannot be compared with any other years in our history. The most important feature of the last war was its nationwide character, when everyone, young and old, fought for a common cause at the front, in the rear, and in partisan detachments. Even if not everyone risked to the same extent, they gave themselves without reserve, their experience and work in the name of the coming victory, which we got at a very high price.

But a person’s memory weakens over time, first the secondary, less significant and bright things, and then the essential, disappear from it bit by bit. In addition, there are fewer and fewer veterans, those who went through the war and could talk about it. If documents and works of art do not reflect the self-sacrifice and resilience of the people, then the bitter experience of past years will be forgotten. And this cannot be allowed.

The theme of the Great Patriotic War has fueled literature and art for decades. Many wonderful films have been made about human life in war, and wonderful works of literature have been created. And there is no intentionality here, there is pain that does not leave the soul of the people who lost millions of human lives during the war years. But the most important thing in a conversation on this topic is to maintain moderation and tact in relation to the truth of the war, to its participants.

(According to V. Bykov)

2. What are the benefits of reading?

Listen/download audio recording

Text of the presentation

What are the benefits of reading? Is it true that reading is useful? Why do so many people continue to read? After all, not only to relax or occupy free time.

The benefits of reading books are obvious. Books broaden a person’s horizons, enrich his inner world, and make him smarter. It is also important to read books because it increases a person’s vocabulary and develops clear and clear thinking. Everyone can verify this by their own example. One has only to thoughtfully read some classical work, and you will notice how easier it has become to express your own thoughts with the help of speech, to select the right words. A person who reads speaks more competently. Reading serious works makes us constantly think, it develops logical thinking. Don't believe me? And you read something from the classics of the detective genre, for example, “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes” by Conan Doyle. After reading, you will think faster, your mind will become sharper and you will understand that reading is useful and beneficial.

It is also useful to read books because they have a significant influence on our moral guidelines and on our spiritual development. After reading one or another classic work, people sometimes begin to change for the better. (Based on Internet materials)

3. What is a good book?

Listen/download audio recording

What is a good book? It should be exciting and interesting. After reading the first pages there should be no desire to put it on the shelf. We are talking about books that make you think and express emotions. The book should be written in rich language. It must carry a deep meaning. Original and unusual ideas also make the book useful.

You should not get carried away by any one genre or type of literature. Focusing solely on the fantasy genre can turn young readers into those who know the way to Avalon better than the way home. If you have not read books from the school curriculum, you should start with them. Classical literature is a must-have foundation for every person. It contains disappointment and joy, love and pain, tragedy and comedy. Such books will teach sensitivity, help you see the beauty of the world, understand yourself and people. Popular science literature will broaden your horizons, help you determine your path in life, and provide the opportunity for self-development.

We hope the reasons for reading will make the book your best friend.

4. Is it possible to define what art is in one comprehensive formula?

Is it possible to define what art is in one comprehensive formula? Of course not. Art is charm and witchcraft, it is the identification of the funny and the tragic, it is morality and immorality, it is the knowledge of the world and man. In art, a person creates his image as something separate, capable of existing outside of himself and remaining after him as his trace in history.

The moment a person turns to creativity is perhaps the greatest discovery, unparalleled in history. After all, through art, each individual person and the people as a whole comprehend their characteristics, their life, their place in the world. Art allows us to come into contact with personalities, peoples and civilizations that are distant from us in time and space. And not just touch, but recognize and understand them, because the language of art is universal, and it is this that makes it possible for humanity to feel itself as a single whole.

That is why, since ancient times, an attitude towards art has been formed not as entertainment or amusement, but as a powerful force capable of not only capturing the image of time and man, but also passing it on to descendants.

(According to Yu. Bondarev)

5. What does it mean to be a cultured person?

What does it mean to be a cultured person? A person who is educated, well-mannered, and responsible can be considered cultured. He respects himself and others. A cultured person is also distinguished by creative work, striving for high things, the ability to be grateful, love of nature and homeland, compassion and empathy for one’s neighbor, and goodwill.

A cultured person will never lie. He will maintain composure and dignity in any life situations. He has a clearly defined goal and achieves it. The main goal of such a person is to increase goodness in the world, to strive to ensure that all people are happy. The ideal of a cultured person is true humanity.

Nowadays people devote too little time to culture. And many people don’t even think about it throughout their lives. It’s good if a person’s process of familiarization with culture occurs from childhood. The child gets acquainted with traditions passed down from generation to generation, absorbs the positive experience of the family and his homeland, and learns cultural values. As an adult, he can be useful to society. (Based on Internet materials)

6. What is friendship? How do you become friends?

What is friendship? How do you become friends? You will most often meet friends among people with a common destiny, the same profession, and common thoughts. And yet it cannot be said with confidence that such a community determines friendship, because people of different professions can become friends.

Can two opposite characters be friends? Certainly! Friendship is equality and similarity. But at the same time, friendship is inequality and dissimilarity. Friends always need each other, but friends do not always receive equal amounts from friendship. One is friends and gives his experience, the other is enriched by experience in friendship. One, helping a weak, inexperienced, young friend, learns his strength and maturity. Another, weak one, recognizes in a friend his ideal, strength, experience, maturity. So, one gives in friendship, the other rejoices in gifts. Friendship is based on similarities, but manifests itself in differences, contradictions, and dissimilarities.

A friend is someone who asserts that you are right, your talent, your merits. A friend is one who lovingly exposes you in your weaknesses, shortcomings and vices.

7. Friendship always faces trials.

Friendship always faces challenges. The main one today is the changed way of life, a change in the way and routine of life. With the acceleration of the pace of life, with the desire to quickly realize oneself, came an understanding of the importance of time. Previously, it was impossible to imagine, for example, that hosts were burdened by guests. Now that time is the price of achieving your goal, relaxation and hospitality have ceased to be significant. Frequent meetings and leisurely conversations are no longer indispensable companions of friendship. Due to the fact that we live in different rhythms, meetings of friends become rare.

But here’s a paradox: previously the circle of communication was limited, today a person is oppressed by the redundancy of forced communication. This is especially noticeable in cities with high population density. We strive to isolate ourselves, to choose a secluded place in the subway, in a cafe, in the reading room of a library.

(According to N.P. Kryshchuk)

8. When I was at school, it seemed to me...

When I was at school, it seemed to me that my adult life would take place in some other environment, as if in a different world, and that I would be surrounded by other people. But in reality everything turned out differently. My peers stayed with me. The friends of youth turned out to be the most faithful. The circle of acquaintances has grown unusually. But true friends, old, true friends, are made in youth. Youth is a time of bonding.

Therefore, take care of your youth until old age. Appreciate all the good things you acquired in your younger years, don’t lose friends. Nothing acquired in youth passes without a trace. Good youth skills will make life easier. The bad ones will complicate it and make it difficult. Remember the Russian proverb: “Take care of your honor from a young age”? All the actions committed in youth remain in memory. The good ones will make you happy. The bad ones won't let you sleep.

9. When I was ten years old...

When I was ten years old, someone’s caring hand gave me a volume of “Hero Animals.” I consider it my “alarm clock”. I know from other people that for them the “alarm clock” of the feeling of nature was a month spent in the village in the summer, a walk in the forest with a person who “opened his eyes to everything,” the first trip with a backpack, spending the night in the forest...

There is no need to list everything that can awaken in human childhood interest and reverent attitude towards the great mystery of life. Growing up, a person must comprehend with his mind how complexly everything in the living world is intertwined and interconnected, how this world is strong and at the same time vulnerable, how everything in our lives depends on the wealth of the earth, on the health of living nature. This school is a must have.

And yet, at the beginning of everything is Love. When awakened in time, it makes learning about the world interesting and exciting. With it, a person also finds a certain point of support, an important point of reference for all the values of life. Love for everything that turns green, breathes, makes sounds, sparkles with colors, and there is love that brings a person closer to happiness.

(According to V.M. Peskov)

10. Self-doubt is an ancient problem...

Self-doubt is an ancient problem, but it attracted the attention of doctors, teachers and psychologists relatively recently - in the middle of the 20th century. It was then that it became clear: ever-increasing self-doubt could cause a lot of troubles - even serious illnesses, not to mention everyday problems.

What about psychological problems? After all, self-doubt can serve as the basis for constant dependence on the opinions of others. Let's imagine how uncomfortable a dependent person feels: other people's assessments seem to him much more important and significant than his own; He sees each of his actions primarily through the eyes of those around him. And most importantly, he wants approval from everyone, from loved ones to passengers on the tram. Such a person becomes indecisive and cannot correctly assess life situations.

How to overcome self-doubt? Some scientists are looking for an answer to this question based on physiological processes, others rely on psychology. One thing is clear: self-doubt can be overcome only if a person is able to correctly set goals, relate them to external circumstances and positively evaluate their results.

11. In the modern world there is no person...

There is no person in the modern world who does not come into contact with art. Its significance in our life is great. Books, cinema, television, theater, music, painting have firmly entered our lives and have a huge influence on it.

Contact with the world of art gives us joy and selfless pleasure. But it would be wrong to see in the works of writers, composers, and artists only a means of obtaining pleasure. Of course, we often go to the cinema, sit down to watch the TV, and pick up a book to relax and have fun. And the artists, writers, and composers themselves structure their works in such a way as to maintain and develop the interest and curiosity of viewers, readers, and listeners. But the importance of art in our lives is much more serious. It helps a person to better see and understand the world around him and himself.

Art is capable of preserving the characteristic features of an era, giving people the opportunity to communicate with each other across decades and centuries, becoming a kind of memory repository for subsequent generations. It imperceptibly shapes a person’s views and feelings, character, tastes, and awakens a love of beauty. That is why, in difficult moments of life, people often turn to works of art, which become a source of spiritual strength and courage.

12. Many people think that being sincere...

Many people think that being sincere means openly and directly saying what you think and doing what you say. But here’s the problem: a person who immediately voices what first came into his head risks being branded not only natural, but also ill-mannered, and even stupid. Rather, a sincere and natural person is one who knows how to be himself: to take off his masks, step out of his usual roles and show his true face.

The main problem is that we don’t know ourselves well, we are chasing illusory goals, money, fashion. Few people consider it important and necessary to direct the vector of attention to their inner world. You need to look into your heart, stop and analyze your thoughts, desires and plans in order to understand what is truly mine and what is imposed, dictated by friends, parents, society. Otherwise, you risk spending your whole life on goals that you really don’t need at all.

If you look inside yourself, you will see a whole world, endless and multifaceted. You will discover your characteristics and talents. You just need to study. And, of course, it won’t become easier or simpler for you, but it will become more interesting. You will find your path in life. The only way to become sincere is to know yourself.

13. The essence of the concept of “power” is...

The essence of the concept of “power” lies in the ability of one person to force another to do something that he would not do of his own free will. A tree, if not disturbed, grows straight up. But even if it does not manage to grow evenly, then it, bending under obstacles, tries to get out from under them and stretch upward again. So is man. Sooner or later he will want to disobey. Submissive people usually suffer, but if once they have managed to throw off their “burden,” they often turn into tyrants themselves.

If you command everywhere and everyone, then loneliness awaits a person as the end of life. Such a person will always be lonely. After all, he does not know how to communicate on equal terms. Inside he has a dull, sometimes unconscious anxiety. And he feels calm only when people unquestioningly carry out his orders. The commanders themselves are unhappy people, and they breed misfortune, even if they achieve good results.

Commanding and managing people are two different things. The one who manages knows how to take responsibility for actions. This approach preserves the mental health of both the person himself and those around him.

(According to M.L. Litvak)

14. One person was told that his friend...

Text of the presentation

One person was told that an acquaintance of his spoke about him in unflattering terms: “It can’t be! - the man exclaimed. “I didn’t do anything good for him...” Here it is, the algorithm of black ingratitude, when good is answered with evil. In life, one must assume, this man has more than once met people who have mixed up the guidelines on the moral compass.

Morality is a guide to life. And if you deviate from the road, you may well wander into a windfall, thorny bushes, or even drown. That is, if you behave ungratefully towards others, then people have the right to behave the same towards you.

How should we approach this phenomenon? Be philosophical. Do good and know that it will surely pay off. I assure you that you yourself will receive pleasure from doing good. That is, you will be happy. And this is the goal in life - to live it happily. And remember: sublime natures do good.

15. The war was a cruel and rude school for children.

The war was a cruel and rough school for children. They sat not at desks, but in frozen trenches, and in front of them were not notebooks, but armor-piercing shells and machine gun belts. They did not yet have life experience and therefore did not understand the true value of simple things that you do not attach importance to in everyday peaceful life.

The war filled their spiritual experience to the limit. They could cry not from grief, but from hatred, they could childishly rejoice at the spring crane wedge, as they had never rejoiced either before or after the war, with tenderness they could keep in their souls the warmth of bygone youth. Those who survived returned from the war, having managed to preserve within themselves a pure, radiant peace, faith and hope, becoming more uncompromising to injustice, kinder to goodness.

Although the war has already become history, the memory of it must live, because the main participants in history are People and Time. Not to forget Time means not to forget People, not to forget People means not to forget Time.

(According to Yu. Bondarev)

16. We often talk about the difficulties associated with raising a person starting out in life.

We often talk about the difficulties associated with raising a person just starting out in life. And the biggest problem is the weakening of family ties, the diminishing importance of the family in raising a child. And if in the early years nothing strong in a moral sense was instilled in a person by his family, then later society will have a lot of trouble with this citizen.

The other extreme is excessive parental care of the child. This is also a consequence of the weakening of the family principle. Parents did not give their child enough warmth and, feeling this guilt, strive in the future to pay off their internal spiritual debt with belated petty care and material benefits.

The world is changing, becoming different. But if parents were unable to establish internal contact with the child, shifting the main concerns to grandparents or public organizations, then one should not be surprised that another child acquires cynicism and disbelief in selflessness so early that his life becomes impoverished, becomes flat and dry.

(According to Yu.M. Nagibin)

17. There are values that change...

There are values that change, are lost, disappear, becoming the dust of time. But no matter how society changes, eternal values remain for thousands of years, which are of great importance for people of all generations and cultures. One of these eternal values, of course, is friendship.

People very often use this word in their language, they call certain people their friends, but few people can formulate what friendship is, who a real friend is, what he should be. All definitions of friendship are similar in one thing: friendship is a relationship based on mutual openness of people, complete trust and constant readiness to help each other at any time.

The main thing is that friends have the same life values, similar spiritual guidelines, then they can be friends, even if their attitude to certain phenomena in life is different. And then true friendship is not affected by time and distance. People can talk to each other only occasionally, be separated for many years, and still remain very close friends. Such constancy is the hallmark of true friendship.

18. To appreciate kindness and understand its meaning...

To appreciate kindness and understand its meaning, you must experience it yourself. You need to accept the ray of someone else's kindness and live in it. One must feel how a ray of this kindness takes possession of the heart, word and deeds of one’s whole life. Kindness comes not out of obligation, not out of duty, but as a gift.

Someone else's kindness is a premonition of something greater, which is not even immediately believed. This is the warmth from which the heart warms and begins to move in response. A person who has once experienced kindness cannot help but respond sooner or later, confidently or uncertainly, with his kindness.

It is a great happiness to feel the fire of kindness in your heart and give it free rein in life. In this moment, in these hours, a person finds his best in himself, hears the singing of his heart. “I” and “mine” are forgotten, what is alien disappears, for it becomes “mine” and “me.” And there is no place left in the soul for enmity and hatred. (138 words)

19. If you take away a person’s ability to dream...

If you take away a person’s ability to dream, then one of the most powerful motivations that gives rise to culture, art, science and the desire to fight for a wonderful future will disappear. But dreams should not be divorced from reality. They must predict the future and create in us the feeling that we are already living in this future and that we ourselves are becoming different.

Not only children, but also adults need a dream. It causes excitement, a source of high feelings. She does not allow us to calm down and always shows us new sparkling distances, a different life. It disturbs and makes you passionately desire this life. This is its value.

Only a hypocrite can say that we need to calm down and stop. To fight for the future, you need to be able to dream passionately, deeply and effectively. You need to cultivate in yourself a continuous desire for what is meaningful and beautiful. (123 words)

20. Every person is looking for a place in life...

Text of the presentation

Every person is looking for a place in life, trying to establish their self. It `s naturally. But how does he find his place? What paths does it take to get there? What moral values matter in his eyes? The question is extremely important.

Many of us cannot admit to ourselves that because of a misunderstood, inflated sense of self-worth, because of the reluctance to appear worse, we sometimes take rash steps, do not act very correctly: we don’t ask again, we don’t say “I don’t know.” “I can’t” - there are no words. Selfish people evoke feelings of condemnation. However, those who exchange their dignity like small coins are no better. In the life of every person, there are probably moments when he is simply obliged to show his pride, to affirm his self. And, of course, this is not always easy to do.

The true worth of a person is revealed sooner or later. And the higher this price, the more a person loves not so much himself as others. Leo Tolstoy emphasized that each of us, the so-called little ordinary person, is in fact a historical person who is responsible for the fate of the whole world.

Presentation is a creative work that involves a brief written retelling of material read or listened to. This type of activity tests a person’s memory, ability to correctly formulate thoughts, literacy and level of mental preparation. That is why the question of whether is of interest to both schoolchildren and students.

Is it possible to teach a child to write an essay?

Undoubtedly, it is possible to teach a younger student to write a statement, but you will have to find suitable motivation for him. If a child wants to learn this skill, then you will quickly find an approach to learning.

To make it easier for you to teach a schoolchild to write a statement, develop his memory from childhood. To do this, read books together, play educational games and work on logical thinking. If in preschool age your child is actively developing mentally, then explaining to him how to write a summary will not be difficult for you.

When it's time to master this skill, be patient. Regular training will lead to success quickly enough. Work with your child so that within a few days he can easily write a school paper that gets a high grade. Children learn new material quickly, so don't worry about spending a lot of time.

How to teach a child to write a statement

To explain to your child, be patient. To achieve quick results, follow the instructions:

Explain to your child that you will now read the text, and he should try to remember its essence.
Read the text expressively, observing pauses and highlighting important points with intonation.
Read the text again, but more quickly.
While you read, your child should write down the main points from the text.
Ask your child to write the text in his own words, using the sketches he made himself.

Your child will understand how to write the first time. But he will need time to master the technique of writing and adapt to a new activity for him. Therefore, exercise with your baby several times a week. You need to start with short and simple texts, gradually moving on to more complex ones.

This is the plan for working with children, but how can an adult learn to write an essay? If you need to pass an exam, test or test that will include this type of test, then you will have to learn how to retell the text.

If you want to learn how to write a summary, understand that there is no faster and better way to learn than constant practice. Ask a loved one or friend to dictate the text to you, which you will retell in writing. Remember these rules:

Initially, determine the topic of the text and highlight its main idea.
Define the text style.
Mentally break the text into introduction, body and conclusion.
Make an outline of the text, if you are allowed to use your own drafts.
When you listen to the text a second time, highlight certain details that will help you recall certain points from the story.
Write a retelling of each part on a draft, then link them together.
When you are ready, rewrite the presentation into a clean copy.

If you practice several times, then after 3-4 days you will be able to easily write a statement of any complexity. Don't be afraid to make a mistake in your storytelling or paraphrase your text too much. The presentation does not require an exact retelling. You will be given high marks if you can express the main idea in your own words.

We've figured out how to write a summary. Now let's move on to special points that will make the writing process much easier for you:

When making a plan or writing down important points, shorten the words so as not to waste time on notes.
Focus on the fact that you must remember the main idea, do not scatter your attention to the entire text.
Watch your literacy, your grade will depend on it too.

Now you know what to do if you urgently need to prepare for an exam or test. But remember that you are unlikely to be able to quickly understand the essence of this method of testing knowledge if you have not previously developed your memory in any way.

Training your memory

Only a person with a good memory can write a competent summary. To train it, read books, solve logic problems, watch educational films and discuss them with friends. In addition, remember that you need to work on yourself not only before the test, but throughout your life.

Thus, writing an exposition is not a difficult task. Approach its solution with all responsibility, so that after a short period of time you will be able to apply your skills in practice.

When they talk about the need to write an exposition, for some reason everyone thinks that it is very easy: they read the text and just need to retell it. But this is a deceptive ease, and without special, targeted, systematic training, a child cannot successfully cope with such a task. After all, it’s not for nothing that writing expositions is taught throughout the entire school course of the Russian language, and not for a year or two.

What pitfalls need to be taken into account? What is the algorithm of actions?

First of all, carefully read (listen) to the task: what kind of presentation you need to write. Perhaps this will be a detailed presentation. Then it is necessary to retell the content as close as possible to the original text. In this case, there is no need to carry out any additional work with the content - just understand the main idea, the logic of its presentation by the author and try to convey all this in writing.

If you are asked to write a concise summary, then it is especially necessary to delve into the meaning of the text, highlight the key words that are most important for its understanding, and omit everything that can be dispensed with without distorting the main idea of the content.

When presenting selectively, you need to be very careful, be able to identify topics in the text and retell not the entire content of the passage read, but only about a given phenomenon, character, or subject.

When first reading a text intended for subsequent presentation, it is necessary to tune in to the perception of the content, understanding the main idea of the author, what semantic parts there are. The most important thing to understand is why the author wrote this? What did he want to say? During the first reading of the text, it is usually not recommended to write anything, but after that, write down the main words and phrases that are key to revealing the main idea, and leave a large empty space between them so that you can write more later. Immediately determine the style (artistic, scientific, journalistic, official business, conversational). A common mistake is precisely changing the style when writing a statement.

Also, the primary task is to establish the type of speech: description, narration, reasoning. When describing, you need to determine the object and which of its features are chosen by the author as characteristic. If it’s a narrative, then how the events begin, what the climax (the most intense plot action) and denouement are. When reasoning, it is necessary to clearly identify the thesis, evidence and conclusion.

After the first listening, you can sketch out a plan for the text. The more detailed the child composes it, the easier it will be to restore the original content. The plan serves as a guiding thread for further work on the presentation: a logical scheme of written work will be built in front of the child.

During the second reading, you need to more clearly define the boundaries of the micro-topics of the text, which will be paragraphs. Write the missing words into the spaces left.

After completing repeated reading, the child writes a draft version of the given presentation (detailed, condensed or selective).

At the same time, you need to remember that he is writing a statement, that is, he is expressing someone else’s point of view, and there is no need to make your own adjustments, conclusions, ideas, or changes to the text.

It is imperative to check the logic of the resulting presentation with the author’s, sketched out on a piece of paper when listening in the form of a work plan. The type and style of speech is checked again: are there any discrepancies with the author’s?

At the end of the work, the child checks spelling and punctuation. If there is any doubt, the word is replaced with a synonym, and the sentence with another, more transparent for punctuation. However, in order to avoid punctuation errors, you should not make all sentences simple. The older the student, the more colorful and complex his speech should be.

It is best to teach a child how to write high-quality presentations from experienced, proven teachers in special courses. Of course, you can independently prepare your beloved child to write an essay during the school year or on a state exam. But even in this case, taking courses in additional education organizations will help both you and your child to be sure that he will really do an excellent job: he knows how to listen, hear and coherently, logically present the text in accordance with the proposed task.