Communication message A Feta. The main stages of the creative path A

In memory of Athanasius Afanasyevich Feta (1820-1892)

Athanasius Afanasyevich Fet - famous Russian poet with German roots, lyricist, Translator, author of memoirs. Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg

In the Oryol province not far from the city of Mtsensk in the 19th century, the estate of Novoselki was located, where December 5, 1820 in the house of the rich landowner Shenshina, a young woman Charlotte-Elizabeth Becker Feth gave birth to a boy Athanasius.

Charlotte-Elizabeth was Lutheran, lived in Germany and was married to Johann-Peter Karl-Wilhelm Fetom, Astravtor Darmstadt City Court. They got married in 1818, Karolina-Charlotte-Georgina-Ernestina girl was born in the family. And in 1820, Charlotte-Elizabeth Becker Fet threw a little daughter and husband and left for Russia with Afanasius Neofitich Schugshin, being pregnant in the seventh month.

On the harms of dumb love in the cold cracked
With the light of the sunny I am shine brilliant,
Forests under the hats Il in the more gray
Yes, the river is ringing under the dark blue ice.
How to find thoughtful eyes
Wounded Rips, inspired mountains,
Minks sleepy among naked fields,
Where the hill is quaint, like a certain mausoleum,
I am broken by fulfillment - Ile clouds vortex far
On white shores and crawled mirrored.

Athanasius Neophytite was a retired Rothmistrome. During the trip abroad, he fell in love with Lutheran Charlotte-Elizavetu and married her. But since the Orthodox rite of the wedding was not committed, this marriage was considered legal only in Germany, and in Russia it was invalid. In 1822, the woman accepted Orthodoxy, becoming called Elizabeth Petrovna Fet, and soon they married Sheenshin landlord.

When the boy turned 14 years old, the Oryol provincial authorities found that Athanasius was recorded on the surname Shenshin earlier than his ma
it was crowned with stepfather. In this regard, the guy was deprived of the names and the noble title. It was so deeply injured by a teenager, because from the rich heir, he turned into a unnamed person in one moment, all his life he suffered because of his dual position.

From this time he wore the surname of Fet as the son of an unknown foreigner. Athanasius perceived it as a shame, and he had an obsession,which became decisive in his life, to return the lost last name.

Athanasius received a brilliant education. The able boy was easily studied. In 1837, he graduated from a private German boarding school in Verier, in Estonia. Already then Fet began to write poems, showed interest in literature and classical philology. After school, to prepare for admission to the university, he studied in the pension of Professor Pogodin, writer, historian and journalist. In 1838, Athanasius Fet entered the legal, and then - at the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow University, where he studied at the historical and philological (verbal) department.

Wonderful picture
How do you like you:
White plain,
Full moon,

The light of heaven is high
And shiny snow
And Sanya Daligih
Lone jogging.

At the University of Athanasius became close to the student Apollo Grigoriev, who was also fond of poetry. Together, they began to visit the circle of students who were hardly engaged in philosophy and literature. With the participation of Grigoriev Fet released its first collection of poems "Lyrical Pantheon". The work of a young student deserved the approval of Belinsky. And Gogol responded about him as "undoubted giving". It was a kind of "blessing" and inspired Athanasius Feta for further creativity. In 1842, his poems were published in many publications, including popular journals "Public Notes" and "Moskvatik". In 1844, Fet graduated from the university.

Fir sleeve flew a path of the path.
Wind. In the forest alone
Noisy, and terribly, and sad, and fun, -
I do not understand anything.

Wind. Around all worshi and pegs,
Leaves are circling at the feet.
Chu, there far away unexpectedly heard
Thin-scoring horn.

Sweet Call I have a heated copper!
Dead that I have sheets!
It seems that the poor wanderer
Gently welcome you.

After graduating from the university, Fet entered the army service, he was needed to regain the noble title. He fell into one of the southern regiments, from there he was sent to the Ulan Guards Regiment. And in 1854 it was transferred to the Baltic Regiment (this period of service he later described in memoirs "My memories").

In 1858, Fet graduated from the company as a Rothmistra and settled in Moscow.

In 1850 he saw the light of the second book with verses FetaWhich in the magazine "Contemporary" criticized already positively, some even admired his work. After that, the author's collection was accepted on Wednesday of famous Russian writers, where Druzhinin, Nekrasov, Botkin, Turgenev were entered. Literary earnings improved the financial situation of Feta, and he went to travel abroad.

In verses Athanasius Afanasyevich Feta clearly traced three main lines - love, art, nature. The following collections of his verses came out in 1856 (edited by Turgenev I. S.) and in 1863 (immediately the two-volume collected works).

Despite the fact that Fet was a sophisticated lyricist, he managed to perfectly carry out economic affairs, buy and sell the estate, putting the condition.

In 1860, Athanasius Fet bought the Khutor Stepanovka, began to housing, lived there is awesome, only for a while in winter appearing in Moscow.

In 1877 Fet bought in the Kursk province the estate sparrow. In 18.
8 1 He bought a house in Moscow, he came to the sparrow only for the country's summer period. He again engaged in creativity, wrote memoirs, translated, released another lyrical collection of verses "Evening lights".

Athanasius Afanasyevich Fet left a significant mark in Russian literature. In the first verses Fet challenged the beauty of nature, wrote a lot about love. Already then, in his work, a characteristic feature was manifested - Fet spoke of important and eternal concepts of hints, able to transmit the finest shades of sentiment, awakening with readers clean and light emotions.

After the tragic death Beloved Maria Lazich Fet dedicated her to the Poem "Talisman". It is assumed that all the subsequent verses of Feta about love are dedicated to her. In 1850, the second collection of his poems came out. He caused the interest of critics who did not bother on positive feedback. Then Fet was recognized as one of the best modern poets.

Shone night. Moon was full of garden. Lying
Rays from our legs in the living room without lights.
The piano was all revealed, and the strings trembled in it,
Like my hearts for your song.
You sang before dawn, in tears is exhausted,
That you are alone - love that no love is different
And so I wanted to live, so that, the sound is not rone,
Love you, hug and cry over you.
And many years have passed, tearing and boring,
And in the quiet night your voice I hear again,
And blows like then, in the sighs of these sonor
What are you alone - the whole life is that you are alone - love.
That there is no disorders of the fate and the heart of burning flour,
And there is no end of life, and there is no goal,
As soon as we believe in the sobbing sounds,
Love you, hug and cry over you!

Athanasius Fet until the end of the life remained a convinced conservative and monarchist. In 1856, he released the third collection of poems. Fet challenged beauty, considering it the sole purpose of creativity.

In 1863. The poet released a two-volume assembly of poems, and then a twenty-year-old break came in his work.

Only after the poet was returned to the name of the stepfather and the privileges of the hereditary nobleman, he with new forces engaged in creativity.

By the end of the life of the poem, Athanasius Feta became more philosophical. The poet wrote about the unity of man and the universe, about the highest reality, about eternity. In the period from 1883 to 1891 Fet wrote more than three hundred poems, they entered the collection "Evening lights". The poet issued four issues of the collection, and the fifth came out after his death. With a pensive smile on the brow.

Fet Athanasius Afanasyevich (November 23, 1820 - November 21, 1892), Great Russian Poet Lirik, Memoist, Translator.

Biography

Video about Feta

Childhood

Athanasius Fet was born in households - a small estate located in the Mtsensk district of the Oryol province. His native father is Johann Peter Wilhelm Fet, the Assistor of the City Court in Darmstadt, Mother - Charlotte Elizabeth Becker. Being in the seventh month of pregnancy, she left her husband and secretly left for Russia with 45-year-old Afanasiya Sheenshin. When the boy was born, he was baptized through the Orthodox rite and called Athanasi. He was recorded by Shanshina's son. In 1822, Charlotte Elizabeth Fet accepted Orthodoxy and married Afanasius Sheenshin.

Education

At the University of Athanasius became close to one of the students - Apollo Grigoriev, who was also fond of poetry. Together, they began to visit the circle of students who were hardly engaged in philosophy and literature. With the participation of Grigoriev Fet released its first collection of poems "Lyrical Pantheon". The work of a young student deserved the approval of Belinsky. And Gogol responded about him as "undoubted giving". It was a kind of "blessing" and inspired Athanasius Feta for further creativity. In 1842, his poems were published in many publications, including popular journals "Public Notes" and "Moskvatik". In 1844, Fet graduated from the university.

Military service

In 1845, Fet went from Moscow and entered the provincial Kirassir Regiment in the south of Russia. Athanasius believed that the military service would help him return the lost noble title. A year after the start of Fet's service, the rank of officer received. In 1853 he was transferred to the Guards Regiment, which was housed not far from St. Petersburg. He often visited the capital, met with Turgenev, Goncharov, Nekrasov, became close to the editors of the popular magazine "Contemporary". In general, the poet's military career was not very successful. In 1858, Fet resigned, reworked up to rank Rothmistra.

Love

During the years of service, the poet survived the tragic love that had an impact on all his further creativity. Beloved poet, Maria Lazich, was from a good, but poor family, which served as an obstacle to their marriage. They broke up, and after some time the girl was tragically died in a fire. The memory of his unfortunate love poet kept until death.

Family life

At the age of 37, Athanasius Fet was married to Maria Botkin, the daughter of a rich chain association. His wife was not distinguished by youth and beauty. It was a marriage for calculating. Before the wedding, the poet opened the bride the truth about his origin, as well as about a certain "childbirth curse", which could become a serious obstacle to their marriage. But Maria Botkin did not frighte these confessions, and in 1857 they got married. After a year, Fet resigned. He settled in Moscow and dedicated himself to literary work. His family life was quite prosperous. Fet added to the state that Maria Botkin brought him. True, they did not have children. In 1867, Athanasius Feta was elected by the World Judge. He lived in his estate and led the lifestyle of the present landowner. Only after the return of the schism's schism and all the privileges that the hereditary nobleman could use, the poet began to work with a new force.

Creation

Athanasius Fet left a significant mark in Russian literature. He released his first collection of poems "lyrical Pantheon" when he studied at the university. The first poems of Feta were an attempt to escape from reality. He challenged the beauty of nature, wrote a lot about love. Already then, in his work, a characteristic feature manifested itself - he spoke about the important and eternal concepts of hints, able to transmit the finest shades of sentiment, awakening the readers clean and light emotions.

After the tragic death of Maria Lazich, the creativity of Feta acquired a new direction. He dedicated his beloved poem "Talisman". It is assumed that all the subsequent verses of Feta about love are dedicated to her. In 1850, the second collection of his poems came out. He caused the interest of critics who did not bother on positive feedback. Then Fet was recognized as one of the best modern poets.

Athanasius Fet was a representative of "pure art", he did not affect the extensive social issues in his works and until the end of the life remained a convinced conservative and a monarchist. In 1856, Fet released the third collection of poems. He challenged beauty, considering this sole purpose of his creativity.

Heavy blows of fate did not pass for the poet without a trace. He fierced, ripped relationships with friends, almost stopped writing. In 1863, the poet released a two-volume assembly of his poems, and then in his work a twenty-year-year break came.

Only after the poet was returned to the name of the stepfather and the privileges of the hereditary nobleman, he with new forces engaged in creativity. By the end of the life of the poem, Athanasius Feta became more and more philosophical, metaphysical idealism was present in them. The poet wrote about the unity of man and the universe, about the highest reality, about eternity. In the period from 1883 to 1891, Fet wrote more than three hundred poems, which entered the collection "Evening lights". The poet issued four issues of the collection, and the fifth came out after his death.

Death

Athanasius Feth died from a heart attack. Researchers of the life and creativity of the poet are convinced that he tried to commit suicide before death.

Major achievements

Athanasius Fet left behind a large creative heritage. Feta recognized contemporaries, Hogol, Belinsky, Turgenev, Nekrasov admired his verses. In the fifties of its century, he was the most significant representative of poets that promoted "pure art" and chased "eternal values" and "Absolute Beauty". Attraction Athanasius Feta marked the completion of the poetry of new classicism. Fet and is now considered one of the brightest poets of his time.
The translations of Afanasia Feta have great importance for Russian literature. He translated the entire "Faust" Goethe, as well as the works of a number of Latin poets: Horace, Juvenal, Katullah, Ovid, Vergil, Persia and others.

Important dates from life

1820, November 23 - Born in the estate of the Novoselki Oryol province
1834 - was deprived of all the privileges of the hereditary nobleman, the names of Shenshin and Russian citizenship
1835-1837 - studied in a private German boarding house in Vero
1838-1844 - studied at the university
1840 - the first collection of poems "Lyrical Pantheon" came out
1845 - entered the provincial Kirassir Regiment in the south of Russia
1846 - received officer rank
1850 - came out the second collection of poems "poem"
1853 - went to the service in the Guards Regiment
1856 - the third collection of poems came out
1857 - married Maria Botkin
1858 - resigned
1863 - a two-volume assembly of poems
1867 - elected by the global judge
1873 - returned the noble privileges and surname Shenshin
1883 - 1891 - worked on the five-volume "Evening lights"
1892, November 21 - died in Moscow from a heart attack

In 1834, when the boy was 14 years old, it turned out that he was not legally the son of the Russian landowner Shenshina, and the record was made illegally. The cause of the proceedings was an anonymous denunciation, the author of which remained unknown. The decision of the spiritual consistory sounded like a verdict: From now on, Athanasius was supposed to be the name of the mother, deprived of all the privileges of the hereditary nobleman and the Russian citizenship. From the rich heir, he suddenly became a "man without behalf", an illegitimate child of dubious origin. Fet perceived this event as a shame, and the return of the lost position was the goal for him, an intrusive idea, which largely identified the further life path of the poet. Only in 1873, when Athanasia Fetu was 53 years old, the dream came true for his life. By decree of the king, the poet returned the noble privileges and the name Shenshin. Nevertheless, he continued his literary works to sign Fet's last name.
In 1847, during military service, in the small estate Fedorovka, the poet met Maria Lazich. These relationships began with the lung, for nothing without obliging flirting, which gradually converts into a deep feeling. But Maria, a beautiful, beautifully educated girl from a good family, still could not become a good party for a person who hoped to return the noble rank. Realizing that he truly loves this girl, Fet, however, decided that he would never marry her. Maria reacted calmly, but after some time decided to break the relationship with Afanasiy. After some time, Fetu reported on the tragedy that occurred in Fedorovka. The fire broke out in the room Mary, clothes on it caught fire. Trying to escape, the girl ran into the balcony, then in the garden. But the wind only inflated the flame. Maria Lazich died a few days. Her last words were about Athanasius. The poet hardly transferred this loss. He, until the end of his life, regretted that he did not marry the girl, because there was no real love more in his life. His soul was empty.
The poet carried a heavy burden. The fact is that he had crazy in his family. Two his brothers, already being adults, lost the reason. The mother Athanasia Feta under the end of life also suffered madness and begged to deprive her life. Shortly before the marriage Feta with Maria Botkin, his sister Nadia also got into a psychiatric clinic. Brother visited her there, but she did not recognize him. Behind him, the poet often noticed the attacks of hard melancholy. Fet was afraid all the time that in the end it will suffer the same fate.

History of birth. Athanasius Afanasyevich Feth was born in November or December 1820 in p. Novoselki Oryol province. The story of his birth is not quite common. His father, Athanasius Neophytite Shenshin, Rothmist in retired, belonged to the old noble family and was a rich landowner. While treatment in Germany, he married Charlotte Fet, which was taken to Russia from a living husband and daughter. Two months later, Charlotte was born a boy called Afanasiy and the name of Shenshin.

Fourteen years later, the spiritual authorities of the Eagle found that the child was born to the wedding of parents and Athanasius was deprived of the right to wear the surname of the father and the noble title and became the German subject. This event is a very impressionable soul of a child, and Fet almost all his life experienced the ambiguity of his position. A special position in the family influenced the Further Fate Athanasius Feta - he had to hear the noble laws, whom the church deprived him. Between the university and the army. Although the family of Shanshiny special culture was not distinguished, Fet received a good education.

From 1835 to 1837, he studied in the German Protestant boarding house in Trero (now Võru, Estonia). Here he is enthusiastically studied by classic philology and secretly begins to write poems. Fet made here Latin, which helped him later translate the ancient Roman poets. After Verier Fet continued to education in the boarding house of Professor Pogodin for training at Moscow University, where he was enrolled in 1838 to the department of literature of the Faculty of Philosophy. In university years, Fets especially shovel with the future famous criticism and poet Apollo Grigoriev.

Together they discussed the poetic samples of the pen, which entered the first poetic collection - "Lyrical Pantheon" (1840): "Let my dreams, I indulge in the hope of a sweet, which can be a smile of beauty, Ile's painful passion, reading Modest creation, divide the secret suffering with the soul of an excited me "it was imitative poems, and Pushkin's poetry and Venediktov, who, as Fet recalled, was enthusiastically to the imitation.

Within two or three years after entering the light "Lyrical Pantheon" Fet publishes on the pages of magazines, in particular "Moskvatian" and "domestic notes", the selection of poems, but they do not bring the expected wealth. With hope, the young poet rests himself with the nobility and he entered the military service to the Kirassius regiment, housed in the Kherson province. Subsequently, in his memoirs, Fet records: "This conclusion will continue for a long time - I don't know, and after a moment on a tablespoon, various Gogol's eyes climb into the eyes, and you still need to smile ... I can compare my life with a dirty puddle." But in 1858 A. Fet was forced to resign.

He did not receive the noble rights - at that time the nobility was given only the rank of Colonel, and he was headquarters - Rothmistrome. This made this further military career useless. Of course, the military service did not pass for Feta for nothing: these were years of dawn of his poetic activity. In 1850, A. Feta, celebrated by readers with delight. In St. Petersburg, he met Nekrasov, Panayev, Druzhinin, Goncharov, Language. Later, he became friends with Lvy Tolstoy. This friendship was debt and needed for both.

During the Military Service of Athanasius Fet survived the tragic love, which influenced all his work. It was love for the daughter of the poor landowner Maria Lazich, the fan of his poetry, a very talented and educated girl. She also loved him, but they both were poor, and A. Fet for this reason did not dare to combine his fate with his beloved girl. Soon Maria Lazich died under mysterious circumstances.

Before death, the poet remembered his unfortunate love, in many of his verses her unfading breathing hears.
In 1856 a new poet book was released. Fulfillment of desires. After resigning, Fet married the sister critic Botkin - M. Botkin, who belonged to a rich Moscow merchant family. It was a marriage for calculating, and the poet sincerely admitted to the bride in the secrets of his birth. In 1860, there is a landowner, where he lives in seventeen years old, only occasionally drives Moscow, is bought on the money of Fet's wife in 1860. Here, he caught his highest decree that he finally approved the name of Shenshin, with all the rights associated with her. He became nobleman.

In 1877, Athanasiy Afanasyevich bought the village of Vorobyovka in Kursk province, where he spent the rest of his life, only for the winter leaving for Moscow. These years, in contrast to the years lived in Stepanovka, are characteristic of his return to literature. Since 1883, he issued a number of collections of lyrical poems, united by a common name - "Evening lights" (the release of the first - 1883 year; the release of the second - 1885; edition of the third - 1888; the final is the fourth - 1891). In his verses, the poet refuses any abstractness, since the mental state is difficult to analyze, and even more difficult to convey words of the soul as soon as possible.

Creativity A. A. Feta. Poems A. Feta is pure poetry, in the context, that there is neither a bit of prose. Fet limited his poetry three topics: love, nature, art. Usually he did not chance hot feelings, despair, delight, high thoughts. No, he wrote about the most simple - about the pictures of nature, about the rain, about the snow, about the sea, about the mountains, about the forest, about the stars, about the simplest movements of the soul, even the minute impressions. His poetry is joyful and light, it is inherent in the feeling of light and peace. Even about his ruined love, he writes light and calmly, although his feeling is deep and fresh, as in the first minutes. Before the end of the life, Feta did not change the joy, which almost all of his poems are penetrated.

Beauty, naturalness, the sincerity of his poetry reach full perfection, the verse is amazingly expressive, shaped, music. "This is not just a poet, but rather a poet - a musician ..." Tchaikovsky spoke about him. A lot of romances were written on Feta poems that quickly won wide popularity.

Feta is a singer of Russian Nature. Feta can be called the singer of Russian Nature. Spring approximation and autumn wilting, fragrant summer night and frosty day, spread out without end and without the edge of an rye field and a thick shady forest - he writes about all this in his verses. The nature of Feta is always calm, crumbling, as if frozen. And at the same time, it is amazingly rich in sounds and paints, lives his life hidden from the inattentive eye:

"I came to you with greetings,
Tell that the sun rose,
That it is hot light
On sheets fluttered;
Tell me that the forest woke up
All woke up, the branch of each
Each bird was fixed
And the spring is full of thirst ... "

Superbly transfers Fets and "fragrant freshness of feelings", inspired by nature, her beauty, charming. His poems are imbued with light, joyful mood, happiness of love. The poet extremely subtly reveals a variety of shades of human experiences. He knows how to catch and put in bright, live images are even fleeting spiritual movements that are difficult to designate and convey words:

"Whisper, timid breathing,
Truck nighting
Silver and Krakhanye
Sleeping stream
Night night, night shadow,
Shadows without end,
A number of magical changes
Cute face
In smoke puffur Purple Roses,
Otkliska amber
And lobsia, and tears,
And dawn, dawn! .. "

Usually A. Fet in his verses stops on one figure, at one turn of feelings, and at the same time it cannot be called monotonous, on the contrary, it amazes with a variety and many topics. The special charm of his verses besides the content - precisely in the nature of the moods of poetry. Muse Feta is easy, air, in it as if there is nothing earthly, although she says to us exactly about the earthly. There is almost no action in his poetry, each of his verse is a whole type of impressions, thoughts, joys and seals.

Take at least those of them like "Your Light, flying far ...", "Real eyes, insane eyes ...", "Sun beam near Lip ...", "I am in silence I extend a hand ..." and more ..
The poet challenged the beauty where he saw her, and he found it everywhere. He was an artist with an exceptionally developed sense of beauty. Probably, therefore, in his verses, such wonderful pictures of nature, that he took her as it is, which is not allowing any decorations of reality.

Love lyrics of the poet. The same beautiful for Feta was the feeling of love, which was devoted to a lot of works of the poet. Love for him is the defense, a quiet harbor "from the eternal splas and noise of life." Feta's love lyrics is the wealth of shades, tenderness, warmth, going from the inside of the soul. "Honey fragrant love joy and magic dreams" Fet depicted in his works the words of extraordinary freshness and transparency. It is permeated by light sadness, then easy joy, his love lyrics still warms the heart of readers, "the gold eternal is lit in singing."

In all works, A. Fet is immaculately faithful in descriptions or feelings, the nature of their small risks, shades, moods. It is because of this that the poet created an amazing work, here for so many years amazing us with filigree psychological accuracy. These poetic masterpieces belong to their number, as "whisper, timid breathing ...", "I came to you with greetings ...", "At the dawn, you are not boring her ...", "the dawn says goodbye to the ground .. "

Feta Feta - the poetry of hints, guessing, defaults, his poems are mostly not the plot, is a lyrical miniature, the appointment of which is not so much conveyed to the reader of thoughts and feelings, how much "bat" the mood of the poet. He was far from mental storms and anxiety. The poet wrote:

"Language of sincere weather
It was not impaired for me. "

Fet was deeply convinced that beauty is a real important element of building peace that provides him with harmonious balance and integrity. Therefore, he was looking for and found beauty in everything: in the fallen leaves, in a rose, which smiled surprisingly "on the day of Full September", in the paints "Sky of the native". The poet was distinguished by the "mind mind" and the "mind of the heart." He believed that only the "mind of the heart" could penetrate the external shell of the beautiful essence of being. In the hearty - the smart lyrics of Feta do not have access to nothing terrible, ugly, disharmonious.

In 1892, the poet died from an attack of asthma, without surviving two days to 72 years. Before that, he tried to commit suicide. He was buried in the village of Khalenovo - the birth of Sheenshin, in 25 versts from the eagle.

Feta's creativity has had a significant impact on the symbolist poets of the beginning of the twentieth century - V. Brysov, A. Blok, A. White, and then - S. Yesenin, B. Pasternak and others.
Conclusion. Analyzing the works of the poet, it is possible to argue with complete confidence that the Russian school of pure art not only did not inferior French, and perhaps even superior to her. Unlike representatives of the French school of "pure art", which in their verses paid attention to the first place of the rhythm of verse, repetitions, alternating letters in words, creating poems - symbols, Russian poets were masters of "musical poems", which were easy to read. Images created in verses were lungs permeated by the light, turned to the best senses of man, taught the beautiful, taught to find and love beauty in every manifestation of nature, or a sense of love.

Poems of representatives of the Russian school of "pure art" are more understandable to the reader, since their verses are not burdened with a large number of symbolic images. An interesting feature of the Russian poets is that they not only chased nature, but also treated her as something outstanding, amazing, which could be the meaning of life. It is in nature, love for a woman or a man who should find inspiration to life, work, creativity, love for his homeland. In my opinion, the Russian poets of the school "pure art" mere in verses of nature through their special attitude towards her, and French poets simply believed that only the versifications about the eternal, something elevated, not ordinary, adequate in the centuries. That is why nature reigned in verses of the French.

Therefore, I am more impressed by the lyrics of the poets Feta and F. Tyutchev, which through all the unresoluteness fascinates with its beauty, a subtle feeling of the "soul of nature" and the desire to reflect it in all its manifestations.

Put an estimate of the article

Athanasius Afanasyevich Fet is one of the prominent poets of the XIX in. "This is not just a poet, but rather a poet musician," P. I. Tchaikovsky wrote about him.

Indeed, a lot of romances are written on the words of Feta: "The garden is all in the color" of the island, "Fresh and soul your luxurious wreath" Roman Corsakov, "In the Cheek-Invisible" Taneyev, "I will not tell you anything ..." Tchaikovsky, " In the silence of the night mystery ... "Rakhmaninova and others.

One of the first was put on the music by the composer Varlamov, the poem "At the dawn, you are not boudes ...":

At the dawn, you will not be it,
At the dawn, she sleeps sweetly so
Morning breathes on her chest
Brightly breathing on the lines of lines.

And the pillow is hot,
And hot tedious sleep
And, drawing, run on the shoulder
Spit ribbon on both sides.

And yesterday, the window is entering
Long, she sat for a long time
And watched the game on the clouds
What, sliding, climbed the moon.

And the brighter the moon played,
And the louder than the nightingale,
She walked all pale
The heart beat the hurts and the Higher.

Because of the young breast,
On the laboctions so morning burns.
Do not be whatever you are her, do not be
At the dawn, she sleeps sweet so much.

Feelings of a young woman are transferred to a poet with exceptional artistic expressiveness. The poem is written in the song intonation: a three-sided size with an emphasis on the last syllable - anapest.

Some poetic lines begin, as in folk songs, the same words ("At the dawn, you are not awake, at the dawn she sleeps sweet so much; and her pillow is hot, and hot tedious sleep"). Repetition of the first rows at the end of the poem: "Do not be wing to it, do not be boudes," enhances the intonational melodic sound of the poem.

In 1850, Critic Apollo Grigoriev wrote about this poem: "... a song that has done almost folk".

Not less poetic and musical landscape Lyrics A. A. Feta. Poems about nature are combined into individual cycles, respectively, the days of the year: "Spring", "Summer", "Autumn", "Snow". The special cycle is dedicated to the sea. Fet loved nature, perfectly knew and thinly felt her.

The phenomena of nature the poet personifies, perceives them as an animated creatures, thanks to which landscapes are always wrestled by a certain mood:

Color garden breathing
Apple tree, cherry.

............................
Sredted song
Nightinglets without roses
Crying old stone
In the pond dropping tears ...
("In the Cheek-Invisible".)

A. A. Feta can be called the singer of nature and love. He did not touch public life issues in their works. The poet "never could understand that art is interested in anything, in addition to beauty," and performed a defender of "pure art." He considered artistic creativity as the only refugee "from all sorts of sorrows, including civilians," and sought to oppose the art of reality. The literary principles of feta are closely connected with his general worldview, with his life.

He was born in 1820 in the village of Novoselki, not far from Mtsensk (Oryol region), in the family of a rich landowner. Before 14 years, Fet has lived and studied at home, and then in the guesthouse. In 1837, he entered Moscow University at the Historical and Philology Faculty.

His poetic dating was brightly manifested during the university's teaching. As a student, he is already becoming a famous poet and is printed in literary magazines. At the end of the University of Fet entered military service and for nine years he stayed in the deaf places of the Kherson province.

From 1854, Fet begins to cooperate in the magazine "Contemporary". But at this best time, he did not find himself in a lot of fighters for freedom and democracy, and opposed them and together with the group of writers-nobles in 1859 left the "contemporary". From that moment on, Fet finally departed from public life and engaged in landlord and earthly affairs. The muse continued to serve the ideals of love and beauty, and he did not notice how Russian literature was fought over the solution of the most complicated nationwide problems.

Which is presented in this article - the Russian poet Lirik, translator, a memoist. He was born in 1820, on November 23, and died in 1892, November 21.

Childhood of the future poet

In a small estate located in the Oryol province, in the Mtsensky district, Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet was born. His biography is interesting for the origin of the future poet. His father worked in the court of Darmstadt Assistor, Mother, Becker Charlotte Elizabeth, left the spouse in the seventh month of pregnancy and secretly left for Russia with Afanasiy Schaneshin. When the boy was born, he was baptized according to Orthodox custom. His name was given Athanasius. He was recorded as Shanshina's son. Charlotte Elizabeth Fet in 1822 adopted Orthodoxy, after which he was married to Sheenshin.

Study

Fet received a good education. It was easy to study capable Athanasia. He graduated in 1837 in the city of Verier, located in Estonia, a private German school. Already at this time, the future poet began to write poems, and also showed interest in classical philology and literature. In order to prepare for the university, he studied after school at Professor Pogodin in the boarding house. This man was a journalist, historian and writer. Athanasius Fet in 1838 came first to the legal, and then at the Philosophical Faculty of the University in Moscow.

First collection of poems

During his studies at the university, he became close to Apollo Grigoriev - one of the students who fond of poetry. Together they began to visit the circle in which they were engaged in literature and philosophy. Fet, with the participation of Grigoriev, released the first collection of his verses called "Lyrical Pantheon". This book received Belinsky's approval. Gogol also noted that Fet is "undoubted giving". For the poet, it became a kind of blessing, inspired for further creativity. His verses in 1842 were published in various publications, including such popular magazines as "Moskvatik" and "Patriotic Notes". In 1844 he graduated from studying at the University of Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet. The biography was then continued by the military service.

Military service

In 1845, Afanasy Afanasyevich left Moscow and entered the Kirassir Regiment, located in the south of Russia. The poet believed that military service was necessary for him in order to regain the noble title. A year later, received the title of officer Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet. Its biography was supplemented in 1853 another important event: a novice poet was transferred to the Guards Regiment, stationed near St. Petersburg. Athanasius Afanasyevich often visited the capital, met with Goncharov, Turgenev, Nekrasov, and also got close to the editors of the "contemporary", popular at the time of the magazine. Military career in general was not very successful. Fet in 1858 resigned in the rank of Rothmistra.

Tragic love

During the years of service, he experienced a tragic love that had a great influence on his work, Athanasius Fet. The brief biography will certainly include the mention of Maria Lazich. It was a beloved poet, a girl from the poor, but a good family. This circumstance became an obstacle to marriage. Lovers broke up, and after a while the girl in a fire tragically died (they rumored about suicide). The poet kept the memory of her until death.

Marriage to Maria Botkin

Athanasius Fet at the age of 37 married a daughter of a chain from the secured family of Maria Botkin. She did not differ in beauty and youth. This marriage was calculated. The poet told the bride before the wedding about his origin, mentioned both the childbirth curse, which, in his opinion, could be an obstacle to marriage (read about it below). However, these confessions did not scare Maria Botkin, and in 1857 a wedding took place. He retired after the year of Athanasius Fet.

Biography (brief) these years is the following. Poet settled in Moscow, where he began to engage in literature. Family life Afanasia Afanasyevich was prosperous. He introduced the state of Maria Botkin. There were no children from this pair. Athanasius Feta in 1867 elected world judge. He lived in his estate as a real landowner. The poet began to work with the new force only after the return of all the privileges of the hereditary nobleman and the schi-schi.

Creativity Feta

A significant mark in the domestic literature left Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet. A brief biography includes only its main creative achievements. Tell them about them. The collection "Lyrical Pantheon" was released while studying at the university. The first poems of Feta were an attempt to escape from severe reality. He wrote a lot about love, chasing the beauty of nature in the works. In his work, there was one characteristic feature at the time: Afanasy Afanasyevich spoke of eternal and important concepts only with hints, knew how to master the various shades of moods, awakening the readers bright and clean emotions.

"Mascot"

Feta's creativity after the death of Mary Lazich acquired a new direction. His beloved was dedicated to the poem under the title "Talisman" of Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet. The brief biography of this girl will be presented at the end of this article when we will tell you about some interesting facts from the life of the poet. Researchers suggest that all the subsequent poems of Afanasia Afanasyevich about love were also dedicated to. "Talisman" aroused the lively interest of critics and many positive feedback. Fet at this time was recognized as one of the best poets of modernity.

Athanasius Afanasyevich was considered one of the representatives of the so-called pure art. That is, in his works, he did not affect important social issues, remaining to the end of his life with a convinced monarchist and conservative. Fet in 1856 released his third poetic collection, which challenged beauty. It was her who he considered the main and sole purpose of creativity.

Not passed without a trace for the poet heavy blows of fate. Athanasius Afanasyevich elapsed, broke a relationship with many buddies, almost ceased to create. The poet in 1863 issued a two-volume assembly of his works, and then came a 20-year-old break in his work.

"Evening lights"

Only after the return of the privileges of the hereditary nobleman and the schism's names, he was engaged in creativity with new forces. The works of Athanasius Feta by the end of their lifestyled, the so-called metaphysical realism was present in them. He wrote Athanasius Fet on the unity of a person from the whole universe, about eternity, about the highest reality. Athanasius Afanasyevich wrote in the period from 1883 to 1891 more than three hundred different poems included in the collection called "Evening lights". This collection survived four issues in the poet's life, and the fifth came out after his death.

Death Athanasius Feta

The Great Poet died of a heart attack. However, the researchers of his creativity and life are convinced that before death they made an attempt to commit suicide. But it is definitely impossible to say whether this episode was noted by this episode as Athanasius Fet. Biography, interesting facts about him sometimes cause disputes from researchers. Some of them are still recognized by the majority as reliable.

When the future poet was 14 years old (in 1834) it turned out that he was not a legally son of Shehenshina, the Russian landowner, and the record was made illegally. Anonymous denunciation made by the unknown, caused the proceedings. As a sentence sounded a decision: Athanasiy should be called the mother name, and he also deprived the Russian citizenship and the privileges of the hereditary nobleman. Suddenly, he turned out of a rich heir to a person without a name. As a shame perceived this event Fet. An intrusive idea was the return of the lost position for him. His dream came true only in 1873, when Fetu was already 53 years old.
Heavy Bremen was noted the fate of such a poet as Afanasiy Afanasyevich Fet. Biography for children usually does not mention it. For the poet there was a danger of one generic disease. The fact is that in his family there were crazy. Already in the mature age, two brothers Feta lost their mind. At the end of life, his mother also suffered madness. This woman begged everyone to kill her. Sister Nadia shortly before marriage Afanasia Afanasyevich with Maria Botkin also hit the psychiatric clinic. Her brother visited her, but Nadya did not recognize him. Often noticed by the attacks of heavy melancholy Athanasius Fet, whose biography and creativity confirm. The poet was always afraid that he would suffer the same fate as relatives.

In 1847, during military service in Fedorovka, the poet met a girl named Maria Lazich. She was very loved by Athanasius Afanasyevich Fet. Biography and creativity in many ways were influenced by this meeting. Relations between lovers began with a light flirt, grew gradually into a deep feeling. However, the beautiful, well-educated Maria could still become a good party for his novel the title of noble feta. Realizing that he loves this girl truly, the poet still decided that he would not marry her. The girl was calm to this, but decided to break relations with Fet after a while. After that, the poet reported the tragedy in Fedorovka. In the room of Mary, a fire broke out, clothes caught fire on it. Girl trying to escape, ran first to the balcony, and then in the garden. However, the wind only inflated the flame. Mary Lazich died a few days. The last words of this girl were about the Feta. This loss is hard to postpone the poet. By the end of the life, he regretted that he did not marry Mary. His soul was empty, and no longer was in his life of real love.

So, you got acquainted with such a poet as Athanasius Afanasyevich Fet. Biography and creativity briefly presented in this article. We hope that this information caused the reader's desire to get to know the great poet. The poetry of the so-called new classicism marked the creativity of such an author as Fet Athanasius Afanasyevich. Biography (complete) is represented by Buktamba B.Ya. Called the book "A. A. Fet. Sketch of life and creativity." At this work, you can get closer to get acquainted with such a great Russian poet as Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet. Biography on dates in it is given quite detailed.

The future poet was born on November 23 (December 5 for a new style) of 1820 in p. Mtsensk city streets of the Oryol province (Russian Empire).

Being the son of Charlotte-Elizabeth Becker, who left Germany in 1820, Athanasius was adopted by the nobleman Sheenshin. After 14 years in the biography of Athanasius Feta, an unpleasant event took place: an error was found in the birth record, which deprived him of the title.

Education

In 1837, Fet graduated from a private board of Cryman in the city of Verier (now Estonia). In 1838 he entered Moscow University for the Faculty of Philosophy, continuing to get involved in literature. He graduated from the university in 1844.

Creativity of the poet

In a brief biography of Feta, it is worth noting that the first poems were written to them in his youth. Feta Feta is first published in the collection "Lyrical Pantheon" in 1840. Since then, the poem feta is constantly printed in magazines.

In an effort by all possible ways to regain the noble title, Athanasius Fet went to serve a non-commissioned officer. Then in 1853 in the life of Feta there is a transition to the Guards Regiment. Feta's creativity even in those days does not stand still. In 1850, his second compilation comes out, in 1856 - the third.

In 1857, the poet marries Maria Botkin. Having resigned in 1858, without achieving the return of the title, acquires the land, devotes itself to the management of the economy.

The new works of Feta, published from 1862 to 1871, constitute the "from the village" cycles, "notes on a voltage labor". They include novels, stories, essays. Athanasius Afanasievich Fet strictly distinguishes its prose and poetry. Poetry for him is romantic, and the prose is realistic.

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Lesson 3. Stages of biography and creativity A. A. Feta

The purpose of the lesson: to acquaint with the main stages of life and creativity A. A. Feta.

Equipment: Portrait, Collections of poems

Method: Messages with reading poet poems

Epigraphs:

And while holy art rejoices light,

There will be a delicate feeling of inspired Fet.

K. Fofanov

But in the verse, you will find

This eternally fragrant rose ...

A. A. Fet.

He is high, the highest authority in poetry, in art, in thought.

V. Bryusov

The enormity of the philosophy of Solovyov and Feta is out of doubt,

we listen to their music on Earth, and they are not borders ...

A. Blok.

During the classes

I. With a brief analysis of the results written by the guys at the previous occupation of the test.

II. The word of the teacher.

Both the person and the fate, and the creative biography of A. A. Feta are unusual and full of riddles, some of them still have not solved. Net Poetry, far from the realities of life, subtle lyrism and life practicism, the life of the poet full of drama and contradictions often unexpected in their movement and transitions - all these paradoxes are intertwined in one person, causing an ambiguous attitude towards him.

Feta popularity is great. The modern reader undoubtedly experiences interest in his poems. How to relate to the rejection of Feta's poetry by a democratic reader in the 60s of the XIX century.

And maybe not to give an unequivocal answer, but simply reading the music lines and reflections on the facts of life, love and death, as incomprehensible secrets of nature to human essence. To everyone to try to find answers in poet verses to many concerns of Being.

It is impossible to talk about the originality of the creativity of A. Feta, without saying his life.

III.

Athanasius Afanasyevich Fet (Shenshin) was born on November 23 (on a new style on December 5) of 1820 in the Oryol province, not far from the city of Mtsensk. The father of the future poet was a man restrained, harsh towards his wife and children.

Feta mother, in Maiden Charlotte Becker, belonged by birth to the German wealthy burgher family. After accepting Orthodoxy, she received the name Elizabeth Petrovna. Mysterious history of her marriage. Shenshin was the second her husband. Until 1820 she lived in Germany, in Darmstadt, in the house of his father. Apparently, after a divorce with the first husband, Johann Feta, she met with forty four-year-old Afanasiy Neofitich Schieshin. He brought it to Russia. Attachment Afanasia Neofitovich went so soon, as if it was not. Mother humbled poundingly, and only more often sick, in childhood Fetu had something to think about what to peel. But it was good, perhaps, there was more than bad.

Many of the first teachers Feta were not accustomed in terms of book science. But there was another science - natural, directly vital. Most of all he trained and brought up the surrounding nature and live impressions of being, brought up the whole way of peasant, rural life. This is definitely more important than book diplomas. This is a handful of practical and acting deeply and for life, happy man, with his youth comprehended her. Especially happy if his life vocation is poetry!

At 14 years old, Athanasius Feth, he studied at the board of Cryman in the city of Derpt. The guesthouse had a favorite teacher, a living striving for knowledge. Here the poet learned a lot, learned a lot. And these were knowledge for life. They had great help in his literary and poetic works. Good knowledge of the German language, which Fet was obliged not only by Mother, but also a guest house, allowed him to later translate German poets, in particular to Heine's beloved.

From 1834 to 1844 he studied at Moscow University. Serious occupations of poetry begins in the first year. He recorded poems to a special "yellow notebook". The poetic fate of Feta is happy; The Great first opened the joy of poetry, and the Great Gogol blessed to the ministry to her. At the same time, the future poet became close to the student of a classmate Apollo Grigoriev. It was an outstanding young man, and subsequently a talented poet and critic. In the House of Grigoriev gathered talented university youth. Around Grigoriev and Feta forms not just a friendly company of interlocutors, but the genus of the literary and philosophical circle.

At stay at the University of Fet released the first collection of his poems. He was called somewhat intricate: "Lyrical Pantheon". This collection was released at the end of November 1840 Unnamed with one initials: "A. F. "

This book is largely student. It is noticeable about the influence of various poets, Russians and Western, words, the book sounded with many voices in each other. For a collection of writings of a very young one more poet, this is a rather common phenomenon.

In the collection, the greatest preference was given to two genres: a ballad, such a favorite romantic ("Kidnapping from Harem", "Raufenbach Castle" and others), and the genre of anthological poems, that is, poems on the topic or manner close to antique. The verses of the anthology fee especially managed to fetu, and mature, and the young. In the first compilation of the poet, the handwriting of the master is already visible: everything is simple here, clearly, for sure. At the same time, what expressive details, which visual painting they create!

Oh, sickles on the shoulder laying, tired jits

The ringing of his song is announced by the cool field;

The valley smells in the forest; There, under the ravine, birch

Raise the bugger dawn, and here, in a shrub shallow

Ringing the nightingale, pleased with the evening cool

The loyal horse under me performs a slow step,

The neck bending the ring and midges with a tailing.

After the release of the "lyrical Pantheon", the two largest magazines of the 40s - "Moskvatyan" and "domestic notes" began to be able to print his poems, and some verses, as exemplary, fall into the well-known "hostels" A. D. Galakhova The first edition of which was published in 1843.

In these magazines from 1841 and 1845 (before entering military service), eighty five poems, including the well-known warmth, including the well-known warmth, "I came to you with greetings ..."

In this period, there was a lot of tests and shocks during this period, but in their decisions he turned out to be adamant: "... In life, the future always cared me, and not the past, which cannot be changed."

During the years of military service, Feta had authentic joys - high, truly human. This is a meeting with Maria Lazic. She became the heroine of his love lyrics. Maria Lazich was gifted by a deep and subtle poetic feeling, knew poetry and understood her. She knew and loved the poems of Feta. The poet could not not appreciate it. "Nothing," wrote in mind his relationship with Lazich, "does not bring together as art in general - poetry in the broad sense of the word. Such sincere rapprochement in itself poetry. "

But their relations ended tragically, this was the cause of many circumstances. After the tragic death of Maria Lazich to the poet to fully, the awareness of love, love is unique and the only one. Now he will remember all his life, he will talk and sing about this love - high, beautiful, amazing verses. Already on the slope of years in one of the best poems - "Alter Ejo" (another (second) I (lat.). - Fet will say: ... that grass, which was away on your grave, here on the heart, the old one, the fresh ...

"In these words, the critic N. N. Strakhov believes, - and young love, and death, and for many years, leaving after this death, and the distant grave, and the old heart, which has long become a grave of his beloved creature, the grave is always fresh, even forever fresh. The charm of this bold, but simple feeling, endless tenderness, which over the years is deeper, everything is lighter, but burns, as in the first minute. "

IV. The word of the teacher.

The biography of the poet is primarily his poems. We have already partly talked about the verses of Feta, but did not stop them in detail. It will be on the two subsequent lessons.

Homework.

1. Prepare the retelling of the message based on the textbook.

2. To learn 2 poems by heart (on the selection of the student). The following verses are offered: "At the dawn, you are not boring her ...", "I came to you with greetings ...", "whisper, timid breathing ...", "what per night ...", "swallows disappeared ...", "I am I will not say anything ... "