Liquid volume Ural 4320.

Produced by the Ural Automobile Plant (Miass) since 1988. Ural-4320-01 and Ural-43202-01 are modernized vehicles, respectively, Ural-4320 and Ural-43202, which were produced from 1977 to 1988. The body of the Ural-4320-01 is a military-type metal platform with a folding rear side, equipped with folding side and removable middle benches, removable arches and an awning, additional side and front extension lattice sides. The body of Ural-43202-01 is a wooden platform with folding side and rear sides, equipped with removable two side and one front extension sides, installation of arches and an awning is provided. The cabin is three-seater, thermally and noise-insulated, located behind the engine, the seat is adjustable in length, height and backrest tilt. The Ural-4320-01 vehicle is equipped with a winch. Since 1961, the Ural-3757 was produced, since 1964 - the Ural-375D and -375N with a ZIL-375 carburetor engine.

Basic trailers - mod. 782B (2PN-4M) and GKB-8350 (army).

Car modifications:

vehicle chassis Ural-4320-01 and Ural-43202-01 for equipping with special equipment and Ural-43203-01 for installing van bodies;
export versions of cars and chassis for countries with temperate and tropical climates.

Engine.

Maud. KamAZ-740.10. For basic data, see Vehicle. To warm up the engine, cars are equipped with a PZhD-30A heater with a heating capacity of 26,000 kcal/h.

Transmission.

Clutch - mod. KamAZ-14, double-disc, shutdown drive - mechanical, with pneumatic amplifier. Gearbox - mod. KamAZ-141, 5-speed, with synchronizers in II, III, IV and V gears, gear. numbers: I-5.62; II-2.89, III-1.64, IV-1.00; V-0.724; ZX-5.30. Number of gears with transfer case: forward - 10, reverse - 2. Power take-off from the gearbox - up to 26 kW (35 hp). The transfer case is 2-speed, with a cylindrical locking center differential of the planetary type, distributing torque between the constantly engaged front axle and the bogie axles in a ratio of 1:2. Send numbers: top gear - 1.3; the lowest - 2.15. Transfer case control - two levers. Power take-off from the transfer case - up to 40% of engine power. Cardan transmission - four cardan shafts. The main gear of the drive axles is double, a pair of bevel gears with a spiral tooth and a pair of cylindrical helical gears; transmit. number (total) - 7.32. The drive axles are of the through type, with an overhead final drive. The front drive axle is with disk-type constant velocity joints (Trakt).

Wheels and tires.

Wheels on Ural-4320-01 - disc, rim - 254G-508; for Ural-43202-01 disc wheels, rim 330-533. Fastening - on 10 studs. Tires for Ural-4320-01 - 14.00-20(370-508) mod. OI-25 with adjustable pressure in the range of 0.5-3.2 kgf/cm. sq. depending on road conditions, for Ural-43202-01 - 1100x400-533 mod. O-47A, wide-profile, pressure: front - 2.5, bogie - 3.5 kgf/cm. sq. Number of wheels 6+1.

Suspension.

The front is on two semi-elliptic springs with rear sliding ends, with shock absorbers. The rear is balanced, on two semi-elliptical springs with six reaction rods, the ends of the springs are sliding.

Brakes.

The service brake system is with drum mechanisms (diameter 420 mm, lining width 120 mm), dual-circuit, with a pneumatic-hydraulic drive, separate (pneumatic and hydraulic parts) for the front axle and bogie, with two pneumatic boosters. The parking brake is drum, installed on the output shaft of the transfer case, the drive is mechanical. The spare brake is one of the circuits of the service brake system. The auxiliary brake is a motor retarder, the drive is pneumatic. The trailer brake drive is combined (two- and single-wire).

Steering.

The steering mechanism is a two-way worm and a lateral gear sector, with a built-in hydraulic distributor of a spaced hydraulic booster; transmit. number - 21.5, oil pressure in the amplifier 65-90 kgf/cm. sq.

Electrical equipment.

Voltage 24V, ac. battery 6ST-190TR (2 pcs.), generator G-288E with voltage regulator 1112.3702, starter CT-142-LS.

Winch.

Rear-mounted, drum type, with worm gear, band brake, equipped with a cable guide. Drive is from the power take-off via three cardan shafts. Traction force 7-9 tf, working cable length 60 m. Fuel tank - 200 l, on Ural-4320-01 there is an additional tank of 57 l, diesel. fuel;
cooling system - 30 l (with heater), antifreeze A-40 or A-65;
engine lubrication system - 21.5 l, in summer M-10G(k), in winter M-8G(k), substitute (all-season) M-6/10V;
hydraulic steering system - 4.5 l, oil grade P;
gearbox - 8.5 l, at temperatures up to minus 30°C - TSp-15K, at temperatures below minus 30°C a mixture of TSp-15K oil with 10-15% diesel. fuel A or Z, the use of all-season oil TM5-12RK is allowed;
transfer case - 3.5 l, TSp-15K, at temperatures below minus 30°C - TSp-10;
steering gear housing - 1.48 l, TSp-15K, at temperatures below minus 30°C - TSp-10;
drive axle gearboxes - 3x4.5 l, TSp-15K, at temperatures below minus 30°C - TSp-10;
steering knuckle housing 2x3 l, mixture of Litol-24 lubricant with oils for drive axle gearboxes (50% each);
rear balancer suspension hubs 2x0.75 l, TSp-15K oil, at temperatures below minus 30°C TSp-10 oil;
winch gearbox 7.5 l, TSgip oil;
hydraulic brake system - 1.7 l, brake fluid GTZh-22M, substitute brake fluid "Neva" or "Tom";
shock absorbers 2x0.85 l, shock absorber fluid AJ-12T;
windshield washer reservoir - 1.5 l, NIISS-4 liquid mixed with water.

Unit masses

(in kg).
Power unit - 1040,
gearbox with clutch housing - 246,
transfer case - 178,
front axle - 656,
middle and rear axles - 590 each,
frame - 694,
front spring - 67,
rear spring - 96,
winch with gearbox - 287,
winch cable - 100,
platform - 770,
cabin - 428,
wheel (254G-508) - 53,

SPECIFICATIONS

	Ural-4320-01	Ural-43202-01
Load capacity, kg:
	5000	5000
on roads of I and IV categories	5000	7000
Curb weight (without winch) with additional equipment, kg	8025	8120
Including:
to the front axle	4015	3835
on the trolley	4010	4285
Total weight, kg	13325	15175
Including:
to the front axle	4360	4345
on the trolley	8965	10830
Permissible total weight of the trailer, kg:
on all types of roads and terrain	7000	7000
on roads of I and IV categories	11500	11500
Max, vehicle speed, km/h	85	80
The same, road trains	77	72
Vehicle acceleration time to 60 km/h, s	40	45
Vehicle run-out from 50 km/h, m	530	550
Max. gradeability of the vehicle, %	60	50
The same, by road train	34	27
Car braking distance from 60 km/h, m	36,7	36,7
The same, road trains	38,5	38,5
Control vehicle fuel consumption, l/100 km at a speed of 60 km/h	29,0	34,5
Fording depth with a hard bottom at an air pressure in tires of 3.2 kgf/cm, m:
without preparation	1,0	0,7
with preliminary preparation lasting no more than 30 minutes	1,7
Turning radius, m:
on the outer wheel	10,8	10,8
overall	11,4	11,4

tire - 14.00-20 - 112,
radiator - 37.

Ural-4320 is a high-cross-country vehicle equipped with all-wheel drive and powerful tires. Its production is carried out at the automobile plant in Miass. The truck is used to transport people, goods and trailers. Technical characteristics allow it to overcome water obstacles up to 1.6 meters deep, ditches up to 2 meters deep and climbs up to 60%.

Creating a Truck

The main new car was the 375th model. It was produced for a long time, many changes were made to its design that made the Ural-375 reliable. Its main drawback was the gasoline power plant, which consumed a lot of fuel.

In the 60s, the idea arose of replacing the gasoline engine with a diesel unit. Ural engineers independently developed such an engine, but it did not go into mass production due to a cash shortage at the enterprise. Soon after this, the country's leadership approved the Yaroslavl Motor Plant as a center for the development of a diesel power unit. In 1969, specialists from Yaroslavl proposed a new engine and gearbox for it.

The tester of the new equipment was the Ural-375D. In 1970, many tests were carried out that showed the quality of the new product. Several serious problems were found, which were corrected by 1972, after which testing continued. A new engine and gearbox were installed on the E4320 prototype truck.

While the development of a new power plant was underway in Yaroslavl, in Miass the designers finalized the design of the Ural-375D. In 1973, all the documentation necessary for production was ready. The first prototypes rolled off the production line before the end of that year. All three cars were tested with new equipment. Several minor improvements were made to the design of the machine and engine. After this, all the documentation was prepared to start production of the Ural-4320.

Production

In 1974, several more copies were built and sent to undergo tests of varying complexity. After successfully passing the tests, it was decided to begin mass production. Serial production started in 1975.

The creators were faced with the task of making a reliable truck with high cross-country ability, because they planned to adapt it to military needs. During assembly, high-quality materials were used, which ensured high structural strength. The 6x6 wheel arrangement is responsible for off-road capability.

In 1978, the Kama Automobile Plant offered the market a new diesel power unit. Ural specialists produced a small-scale batch with new engines. Over the next few years, this equipment became a priority for Miass. In 1993, there was a severe fire at the KamAZ plant, and production of equipment had to be limited. Yaroslavl equipment has returned to Ural cars.

Device

Cabin and body

The body of the Ural-4320 car is a standard platform with sides, the rear one opens. To transport passengers, it is equipped with folding benches. You can also install an awning: the kit includes a special canvas and frame. The platform can support a load of up to 6,855 tons, and the maximum towing weight is 11.5 tons.

The cabin of the Ural-4320 is made of stamped metal leaves. The windshield provides the driver with a complete view of the road. To assess the traffic situation, wide rear-view mirrors are installed. There are two doors to enter the salon. The cabin capacity is 3 people. The driver's seat has a convenient position adjustment system. Some versions of transport are equipped with a bed.

In 2009, the cabin production technology was changed. It was carried out in accordance with modern standards; fiberglass was used for production. The interior arrangement has also been changed - it has become more convenient.

Specifications

The design of the Ural-4320 chassis turned out to be simple. This was done to allow repairs in the field by military repair brigades. Different configurations were equipped with engines of different power (230-250 horsepower). By special order, a 300-horsepower engine with a 5-speed gearbox was installed.

To improve handling, power steering was introduced into the design. To start the tractor in frosty conditions, a pre-heater was used, the operation of which met Euro-3 requirements. The fuel tank holds 300 liters, some trucks are equipped with an additional capacity of 60 liters. Fuel consumption is 42 liters per 100 km at a speed of 60 km/h.

Transmission

The ability to move off-road was ensured by all-wheel drive and single-pitch wheels with an automatic system for maintaining optimal tire pressure. The front suspension is dependent, mounted on semi-elliptic springs. The rear suspension has a similar design.

All Ural-4320 axles (3 pcs) are driven. The front steered wheels are equipped with CV joints. The single-disc clutch has a friction drive and is supplemented with a pneumatic booster.

The transfer case Ural-4320 is mechanical, has 2 stages. Its front-wheel drive is always activated. The synchronized gearbox has 5 speeds and a lockable center differential. Without synchronization, there are 10 forward speeds and 2 rear speeds.

The center locking differential of the Ural-4320 transfer case plays an important role. In a ratio of 1:2, it distributes torque between the front and rear axles.

The gearboxes are controlled mechanically. The cardan transmission includes four shafts. The Ural-4320 drive axles have a double main gear, which consists of bevel and cylindrical gears.

Brakes Ural-4320

The brake system consists of two mechanisms: a dual-circuit main one and a single-circuit spare one. In addition, there is an additional braking function from the exhaust system, which operates on the basis of a pneumatic drive. Mechanical brakes Ural-4320 have drums on the transfer case. The parking brake is a drum mounted on the output shaft of the transfer case.

Engine Ural-4320

During the production of the car, several power units were used. There were two main ones, the rest were their small modifications.

KamAZ-740 is a compact power plant whose crankshaft rotation speed is higher than that of Yaroslavl engines. This engine always showed excellent results when started in severe frost after being idle for several days. Its power made it possible to use a powerful battery and starter. It has a high pressure fuel pump drive.

YaMZ-238 is a Yaroslavl product, which is similar in characteristics to Kama, but instead of a pre-heater it has an electric torch mechanism. A feature of the power unit is the completion of work - before turning off the engine, you need to let it idle for 2-3 minutes.

Each power plant complies with Euro-3 standards. As mentioned above, at an average speed (60 km/h) diesel consumption is 42 liters. If the speed is reduced to 40 km/h, the consumption is reduced to 36 liters. When moving on the ground, consumption will increase to 50-55 liters. When overcoming off-road conditions, consumption depends on numerous factors of movement. The Ural-4320 car can reach 85 km/h, and a full tank is enough to cover a distance of 1,000 km.

Standard modifications

Based on the standard version of the Ural-4320 chassis, many others were produced. Each of them has its own unique features:

• 4320-01 - the cabin design has been improved, the platform properties have been changed, a new gearbox has been installed. Equipped with a Kama power plant;
• 4320-10 - economical version with a six-cylinder engine developing 180 horsepower;
• 4320-31 - an improved 8-cylinder power unit with a capacity of 240 horsepower is installed. The strength and reliability of the entire structure has been improved;
• 4320-30 - the weight of the maximum load has been increased, the wheelbase has been extended;
• 4320-41 - a YaMZ-236NE2 engine with 230 horsepower is installed. Its main disadvantage was the lowering of environmental standards to Euro-2;
• 4320-40 - similar to the previous version, the base was lengthened;
• 4320-44 - the interior has been changed, it has become more comfortable for the driver to work;
• 4320-45 - extended base of the 44th modification;
• 4320-48 - limited version with YaMZ-7601 power plant. This Ural-4320 chassis was used to equip it with special-purpose equipment.

New versions received design and technical changes. Global updates were marked by a change in engine. An important indicator is that the Ural manufacturer cares not only about the cross-country ability and reliability of the Ural-4320 onboard tractor, but also about the comfort of the driver.

Military modifications

The line of the 4320th version includes not only standard versions, but also military ones:

• 4320-09-31 - made on the basis of model 4320-31. The cabin is made of solid steel armored sheets. The glass is bulletproof, there are special places for returning fire, the doors are made using safe technology. The cabin began to accommodate only two people, they have separate seats. Fastenings for special military equipment were placed in the vacant space. All other elements (radiator, fuel tanks, etc.) are protected by armored sheets;
• 4320-0010-31 - improved version of 4320-09-31. Has mine protection;
• Ural-VV - developed by special order of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs. The cabin can accommodate one person; a modernized Yaroslavl power unit is installed that meets the requirements of the Euro-4 standard. The body is completely protected by armor; up to 17 soldiers can be transported at the same time.

Conclusion

Ural-4320 is a reliable transport that can overcome serious obstacles. Its simplicity of design allows for repair work to be carried out in the field. New auto parts are cheaper than components for foreign cars.

The minimum price tag of the model is 1.7 million rubles. For that much you can buy a Ural-4320 car with a previous generation cab and a 230-horsepower engine. If you want to purchase a vehicle with a new cabin, you will have to pay an additional 10 thousand rubles. For a copy with an awning and a winch you will have to pay 90 thousand rubles more. For 1.88 million rubles you can purchase a model with a long wheelbase and increased load capacity.

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Technical characteristics of the URAL 4320 - a truck produced at the plant in Miass. It is mainly used in the military, but is often used in other areas: utilities, construction, commercial. Often they try to use this machine in forestry and mining activities. Here the car is an excellent assistant due to its strong cross-country ability and ability to transport heavy loads.

The Ural 4320 has one key advantage over its analogue competitors: it uses a 6 x 6 wheel arrangement. Thanks to this, the car has powerful cross-country ability. The all-wheel drive version easily handles large holes, difficult climbs, wetlands and ditches.
This machine is especially useful during snow drifts and spring “porridge”.

Military Ural 4320

1977 is considered the year of the first production of Ural 4320 vehicles, the technical characteristics and diagrams of which have not changed much to this day. Their production continues today. The modern generation is equipped with YaMZ diesel power units. They differ in power, but all meet the Euro-4 environmental criterion.

Initially, a gasoline power supply was installed in the car. The device was quite voracious: approximately 40-48 liters were spent per 100 km. fuel. And in 1978, diesel vehicles appeared. Although at first, models equipped with them were produced in very modest quantities. But gradually the company began mass installation of such units on its brainchild.

The design of the car was based on a supporting frame. It guaranteed the car the highest strength. And the model’s impressive cross-country ability was achieved thanks to the all-wheel drive system, single slope tires and short overhangs.

In 1986, the first update of this truck took place. The reforms had little effect on its appearance. There were no significant changes in the engine range; the engine capacity of the Ural 4320 remained the same. The KamAZ-740 was left as the main security force. He retained his leadership until 1993. After a fire at the plant, supplies of this engine ended. It was replaced by products from the Yaroslavl concern. These are the engines: YaMZ-238 and YaMZ-236.

The first models equipped with the YaMZ-238 were characterized by a long compartment for the security forces. And variations with YaMZ-236 have not changed their previous forms. But since about 2004-05, all models have acquired an extended engine compartment.

In the mid-90s, Ural 4320 cars received a new bumper, which also had headlights. Plastic plugs were mounted to the wings in the former position of the headlights.

And the production of versions with a bumper continued only for the needs of the army. Since 1996, the company began producing lightweight modifications on two axles.

Modernization

The next modernization of the truck took place in 2009. The Ural has acquired a transformed cabin. A fiberglass lining was installed in front of it. The shape of the car turned out to be more streamlined. On some versions, the standard radiator grille was replaced. The classic grille had vertical lines, while its replacement had horizontal lines.

Some models began to be equipped with the Iveco “P” cabover cab. Its difference from the previous cockpit is the presence of a rounded tail. The previous security forces were replaced with serious diesel products YaMZ-536 and YaMZ-6565, which meet Euro-4 standards.

Since 2014, the Ural 4320 tractor has been transformed into the Ural-M group. Many of the car's parameters have been preserved.

A year later the car was modernized again. The result of the reform was the Ural Next series. Its features:

• innovative cabin,
• plastic trim of the engine compartment,
• modernized units.

Existing configurations of Ural 4320

This machine has the following modifications:

1. Basic. Standard cabin, metal. Cargo capacity: 7-9 tons.
2. 4320-19. It has a long chassis. Cargo capacity – 12 tons.
3. Ural 4320 30. The chassis has reinforced front suspension.
4. 43204. The chassis has a developed load capacity.
5. 44202. The model is a truck tractor.
6. 43206. A chassis with a 4 x 4 wheel pattern is used.

Technical Briefs

Machine Physical Parameters(sizes Ural 4320):

1. Body length Ural 4320 – 736.6 cm.
2. The width of the Urals is 250 cm.
3. Height – 287 cm.
4. Wheel base – 352.5 cm.
5. Front track – 200 cm.
6. Rear track – 200 cm.
7. Clearance parameter – 40 cm.
8. The smallest turning radius is 1140 cm.
9. The curb weight of the URAL is 4320 – 8050 kg.
10. The total weight of the URAL 4320 is 15205 kg. This is how much a Ural car weighs in working condition.

For the overall dimensions of the Ural 4320, the weight placed should not exceed 6855 kg. The weight of the trailer being towed reaches 11,500 kg. The distributed pressure on the front axle is: 4550 kg, on the rear axle - 3500 kg. The number of seats for passenger transportation varies from 27 to 34. How much the Ural 4320 weighs is now clear, let’s look at the speed indicators.

The highest speed developed by the model is 85 km/h. Average fuel consumption at a speed of 60 km/h is 35-42 liters. At a quieter speed - 40 km/h, the fuel consumption of the URAL 4320 according to technical characteristics is from 31 to 36 liters.

The vehicle design has a main and reserve fuel tanks. The volume of the fuel tank URAL 4320 (first) is 300 l., the volume of the Ural tank (second) is 60 l. The second is installed in some models. The machine copes with a climb, the parameter of which is no more than 58%.

Power apparatus

The latest modifications of the Ural 43 20 include several versions of V-like diesel power units created at the Yaroslavl enterprise. The following models have become the most common (technical characteristics of the Ural 4320):

1. YaM3-236NE2. Functional volume – 11.15 l. Engine power Ural 4320 – 230 hp. The torque indicator is 882 Nm. There are exactly 6 cylinders.
2. YAM3-236BE. The volume is similar. Power – 250 hp The torque indicator is 1078 Nm. The number of cylinders is the same.
3. YaM3-238. Volume – 14.86 l. Power – 240 hp The torque indicator is 882 Nm. Cylinders – 8.

These devices were cooled using liquid. They received food thanks to high-pressure fuel pumps.

At the request of the customer, specialists can supply the YaMZ-7601 device. Its power is 300 hp.

Device Features

Technical characteristics of the URAL 4320 machine, More precisely, its features are as follows:

The car is based on a supporting riveted frame. The material of its manufacture is steel of the highest strength. The frame is characterized by powerful rigidity. The design has short overhangs. They are located at the back and front. Thanks to this, the vehicle's cross-country ability improves.

Technical characteristics of Ural 4320 30, its features:

The platform for transporting passengers is made of metal. It has seats on the sides and a board at the back. The seats can be raised and the side can be opened. An awning, arches and sides on both sides can be installed on the body.

Some modifications have a wooden platform. The model can have solid or lattice sides. The design implies forward positioning of the motor. To access it, the hood must be opened up. Flat-shaped wings are concentrated on the sides. They are large and protect the cabin from the penetration of foreign objects and various dirt during movement.

Technical characteristics of Ural 4310:

The wheel design of the truck is 6 x 6. The vehicle is equipped with wheels with one slope. Their chambers can be filled using the auto-adjustment method. Air flows to three bridges. The optimal type of tire for this model: 14.00-20 OI-25.

The car has suspension at the front. It is supported by springs. There were also dual-directional shock absorbers. Another dependent suspension is located at the rear. It is supported by devices on reaction rods. Each axle in the car is driving. The position of the adjustable wheels is front axle.

The machine is equipped with a friction type clutch. It has a drive that is equipped with a pneumatic amplification device.

The transfer case is mechanical. The number of stages is 2. It has a permanently attached drive that faces the axle from the front.

The car's transmission is absolutely synchronized. The gearbox is five-speed. Switching method is mechanical.

Braking technology includes primary and secondary systems. The first has two circuits, the second has one. There is also assistive technology. It contains pneumatics from the exhaust mechanism.

A type of parking technology is mechanical. A drum is placed in it on the distributor. Powerful towing devices are mounted on the rear of the frame and on the front of the rigid bumper. Their type: towing technology and hooks. Due to them, the technical qualities of the machine have improved.

Cabin

The developers also took care of the driver. In the latest modifications, power steering has appeared. There is a heater in the cabin. It maintains a comfortable temperature in cold weather.

The driver's seat can be easily adjusted in three directions:

• according to the inclination of the back,
• upper-lower,
• anterior-posterior.

The instrument panel is located at a convenient distance from the driver. All devices can be read without problems. And you can reach the switches and buttons without getting up from your chair.

The cabin also has a convenient and massive glove compartment and shelves on which you can place items. There is a box under the passenger seats for important papers.

In the basic variation, a cabin designed for three seats is placed on the frame. Made from stamped sheet metal. Thanks to proper glazing, excellent visibility is obtained. This makes it easier for the driver to monitor the traffic situation. Massive mirrors that display the rear view also serve as assistants in this matter.

Other available cabin versions:

1. For 3 places. Number of doors – 2. All-metal.
2. A similar version, but supplemented with a sleeping place (no longer available).
3. Volumetric hood. It has a customized driver's seat and plastic trim.
4. Created on the basis of the GAZelle Next modular system. There are versions for 3 and 7 seats.

Optional additions to the machine:

1. Cabins of the highest comfort.
2. Differential locking technology.
3. The battery compartment is insulated.
4. Spare tank.

Price aspects

Prices for the new Ural 4320 differ greatly in performance properties:

1. The starting price (NC) for the chassis version is 1.9 million rubles.
2. NC on-board model – 2.1 million rubles.
3. NC onboard variation with CMU – 3.8 million rubles.
4. NC for tank trucks – 3 million rubles
5. The cost of a sort cement tanker is RUB 2,800,000.
6. NC cargo-passenger modification – RUB 3,100,000.

Used modifications are offered today in modest quantities. The price ranges here are as follows: 300,000 – 1,800,000 rubles. Factors affecting the price:

• dimensions of URAL 4320,
• car condition,
• year of issue,
• scope of application,
• type of configuration.

Analogs and results

Similar models of the Ural 4320 vehicle are considered to be: KAMAZ-4310, ZIL-131 and KrAZ-255B.

We looked at all the technical characteristics of the URAL 4320 car. We found out the approximate prices, features and production history.

The Ural 4320 has one key advantage over its analogue competitors: it uses a 6 x 6 wheel arrangement. Thanks to this, the car has powerful cross-country ability.

2005 year. A catastrophic, unprecedented flood in the southern states of the United States. In particular, in the city of New Orleans. The rescue operation on the flooded streets of the largest metropolis in Louisiana is carried out using Ural-4320 trucks from the Mexican army. Cars from Miass passed through all the complex intricacies of narrow, flood-ridden streets of black neighborhoods - where American military trucks were powerless. And this is just one of many episodes of the combat work of the Ural-4320, in which these powerful vehicles clearly demonstrated their capabilities. A detailed review of this model is in this publication.

“Ural-4320” is a three-axle all-wheel drive (6x6 formula) off-road truck from the Ural Automobile Plant (city of Miass, Chelyabinsk region). In the company's model range back in 1977, it replaced the Ural-375 truck.

In a number of design elements, the Ural-4320 vehicle is unified with the previous model, the Ural-375. However, it has a more modern design, which provides expanded capabilities and better operational and technical characteristics than the Ural-375. The 4320 was the main model of the Ural Automobile Plant until the fall of 2015 (before its official replacement with the Ural Next.

The Mexican Marina Armada during the rescue operation in Louisiana after Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

But its production for export needs is still ongoing. Since the Ural-4320 is still in demand as a military vehicle in many countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. There, to this day, he continues to evoke genuine respect and real admiration with his charisma. And the price is quite affordable!

It’s not for nothing that the truck received the ironic nickname “Glutton”. 50-70 liters of high-octane gasoline per 100 km is a lot for a mass-produced car. Even cheap and “official” gasoline. Even for a multifunctional army all-terrain vehicle. Therefore, the Soviet Union started thinking about replacing the gasoline carburetor engine in the Urals with a more practical diesel engine at the turn of the 60-70s.

However, a long way has been passed from a clear intention to its concrete implementation: serial production of the Ural-4320 family started only in November 1977. According to the decision of the Ministry of Automotive Industry, it was considered inappropriate to develop and implement a new diesel engine using the Miass enterprise’s own resources. Therefore, the engineers of the Ural Automobile Plant worked on the remotorization of the Urals: the selection of a suitable engine and gearbox, the mutual adjustment of the power unit and the vehicle, together with specialists from the flagship of the Soviet engine industry, the Yaroslavl Motor Plant.

"Ural-4320" is "in its element."

During 1970-1975, a lot of work was done to test new models of engines and gearboxes on pilot batches of Ural-375 trucks. Experimental batches of prototypes, built as flatbed trucks and truck tractors, underwent multi-stage tests in 1973-1976, and in February 1977 the stage of preparing design documentation for mass production began. The first production cars with the new production index “Ural-4320” rolled off the assembly line of the Ural Automobile Plant in November 1977.

But this was not yet a complete replacement for the Ural-375: the Glutton continued to be produced by the enterprise for many years, in parallel with the new model. They tried to equip the Ural-4320 with different diesel engines: for the eight-cylinder YaMZ-238, a more elongated engine compartment was even provided than for the six-cylinder YaMZ-236, and for the KamAZ-740. At the same time, cars with the YaMZ-236 could be distinguished from cars with a KamAZ engine by the air filter on the right wing (due to a different, more dense layout of the engine compartment). Starting from 2000, all Ural-4320 began to be produced with an extended engine compartment, regardless of the brand of engine installed there.

"Ural-4320" in Angola (South-West Africa).

Regular orders from the Ministry of Defense, constant deliveries of vehicles to oil and gas industry enterprises, and the good export potential of the vehicle contributed to the fact that less than 10 years after the start of mass production - in 1986 - the number of Ural-4320 produced exceeded one million units. The 4320th family also includes the lightweight two-axle truck "Ural-43206", the production of which has been mastered in Miass since 1996.

In the fall of 2015, the Ural-4320 was replaced in the model range of the plant by the Ural Next - its modernized version, with the original plastic tail of the engine compartment, with a new generation of modern cabs of the GAZelleNext type, and a number of improved components and assemblies. Nowadays, all civilian versions of the Ural-4320 for the domestic civilian market and partially for supplies to law enforcement agencies have been replaced by vehicles of the Ural Next family. But the Ural-M series (aka Ural-4320) is retained specifically for export deliveries.

The immediate purpose of the Ural-4320 is to transport goods, people, tow trailers and various equipment on all types of roads and off-road (over rough terrain). The 6X6 wheel arrangement, powerful diesel engines and solid ground clearance give this car significant off-road potential. "Ural-4320" easily overcomes wetlands, 1.6-meter fords, 2-meter ditches and ditches, and climbs up to 60%.

The Ural-4320 chassis was used as a basis for creating not only flatbed and tilt vehicles of standard or extended configuration. But also: for crew buses (22- or 30-seater), truck tractors and pipe carriers, tank trucks and fuel tankers, installations and special equipment for oil and gas production, road and municipal equipment, fire protection and, of course, for the needs of the armed forces.

Without timber trucks based on the Ural-4320, it is impossible to imagine deforestation and logging in many regions of our country. Together with hydraulic manipulators, URAL timber trucks make it possible to load and unload timber and other assortments without the use of special equipment. The technical capabilities of the Ural-4320 trucks allow their intensive operation in the temperature range from -50°C to +50°C, in climatic conditions opposite to each other - from the Far North to the sandy southern deserts.

A mercilessly exploited timber carrier "Ural-4320", year of manufacture - 2007.

The technical capabilities of the Ural-4320 were planned taking into account the military service of this off-road truck: a huge margin of safety, high maintainability, simplicity of design and readiness for use in difficult conditions.

• Overall dimensions of the Ural-4320 chassis: Length – 7.588 m; Width – 2.5 m; Height – 2.785 m; Base – 3.525+(1.4) m. Modifications with a shortened length – 7.388 m are also available; and extended - 7.921 m and 9.545 m.
• Weight in running order – from 8 to 8.7 tons; weight of transported cargo – 7, 10, 12 tons, depending on modification.
• Load distribution of the equipped vehicle: on the front axle – 4,550 tons, on the rear bogie – 3,500 tons.
• Load distribution of the total vehicle weight: front axle – 4.635 tons, rear axle – 10.570 tons.
• The internal dimensions of the standard body are 5685x2330x1000 mm.
• Turning radius – on the outer wheel 10.8 m, overall 11.4 m.
• Ground clearance – 400 mm.
• The track width is 2 m (front and rear are the same).
• The capacity of the fuel tank is 200 liters, with the possibility of installing an additional 60 liters.

• “YAMZ-236NE2” – diesel, four-stroke, six-cylinder, with direct fuel injection, V-shaped. Working volume – 11.15 liters. Rated power at 2100 rpm – 169 kW (230 horsepower). Maximum torque at 1100-1300 rpm – 882 N.m (90 kgf/m).

The Ural-4320 with the YaMZ-236 engine can be distinguished by its air filter.

• "KAMAZ-740" is a V-shaped 8-cylinder diesel engine with a working volume of 10.86 liters. Power – 210 horsepower. Maximum torque – 68 kgf/m. The nominal crankshaft rotation speed is 2600 rpm.
• “YAMZ-238” is a 14.86-liter V-shaped 8-cylinder diesel engine with a power of 176 kW (240 horsepower). Maximum torque: 883 Nm (90 kgfm).

The Ural-4320 vehicles used a KamAZ-14 clutch, a double-disc clutch with a mechanical release drive and a pneumatic booster. Or the YaMZ-182 clutch - friction, dry, single-disc, diaphragm, with an extension-type diaphragm spring.

Gearbox - KamAZ-141 model: 5-speed, with synchronizers in II, III, IV and V gears. Gear ratios: I-5.62; II-2.89, III-1.64, IV-1.00; V-0.724; ZX-5.30. Number of gears (with transfer case): forward - 10, reverse - 2. Power take-off from the gearbox - up to 26 kW (35 hp). Or a gearbox of the YaMZ-236U brand, similar in technical parameters - mechanical, three-way, five-speed, also with synchronizers in 2, 3, 4, 5 gears.

The transfer case is 2-speed, with a cylindrical locking center differential of the planetary type, distributing torque between the constantly engaged front axle and the bogie axles in a ratio of 1:2. Gear ratios: top gear - 1.3; the lowest - 2.15. The transfer case is controlled by two levers. Power take-off from the transfer case is up to 40 percent of engine power.

Cardan transmission - four cardan shafts. The main gear of the drive axles is double, a pair of bevel gears with a spiral tooth and a pair of cylindrical helical gears; gear ratio (total) - 7.32. The drive axles are of the through type, with the top drive gear of the main gear. The front drive axle is with disk-type constant velocity joints (Trakt).

Steering and brake control

The steering mechanism is a two-way worm and a lateral gear sector, with a built-in hydraulic distributor of a spaced hydraulic booster. Gear ratio - 21.5, oil pressure in the hydraulic booster - 65-90 kgf/cm. sq.

The service brake system uses brakes with drum-type mechanisms (diameter 420 mm, lining width 120 mm). The working system is double-circuit, with a pneumatic-hydraulic drive, separate (pneumatic and hydraulic parts) for the front axle and bogie, with two pneumatic amplifiers.

The parking brake is also a drum type, mounted on the output shaft of the transfer case, with a mechanical drive. The spare brake is one of the circuits of the service brake system. The auxiliary brake is a motor retarder, the drive is pneumatic. The trailer brake drive is combined (two- and single-wire).

The Ural-4320 frame is riveted, consisting of two stamped spars connected to each other by cross members (classic “ladder”). The front suspension is on two semi-elliptic springs with rear sliding ends, with shock absorbers. The rear suspension is balanced, also on two semi-elliptic springs, with six reaction bars, the ends of the springs are sliding.

Disc wheels, with rim “254G-508” or “330-533”, depending on the modification. The wheel is secured with ten studs. Pneumatic tires, tube - 1200x500x508 "14.00-20(370-508)", model "OI-25", with adjustable pressure in the range of 0.5-3.5 kgf/cm2, depending on road conditions. On " Uralakh-43202-01" - 1100x400x533, models "O-47A", wide-profile.

Electrical equipment

The electrical equipment system in the Ural-4320 is single-wire, with a rated voltage of 24 Volts. Rechargeable batteries “6ST-190TR” - 2 pieces, with a capacity of 190 Ampere/hours each. The alternating current generator "G-288E" has a power of 1000 W and works in conjunction with a contactless voltage regulator "1112.3702". Starter "CT-142-LS" - electromagnetic switching, with a maximum power of 8.2 kW.

The Ural-4320 trucks were equipped with a metal two-door cabin designed for a driver and two passengers. The classic, traditional Uralov cabin has been produced for fifty years now, and, of course, the comfort indicators in it are infinitely far from modern ones. Although: the driver's seat is adjustable, there are ventilation and heating systems, there is power steering, and it is possible to equip the cabin with a sleeping place. If desired, the Ural-4320 can be equipped with an air conditioner, an independent heater and a Webasto pre-heater.

To create more comfortable travel conditions and better safety, since the spring of 2009, successful experiments have been undertaken to equip the newly developed Urals with new-style cabins. This is a hoodless cab with a fiberglass tail, manufactured under license from Iveco. It has three separate anatomical chairs with headrests, armrests, and seat belts.

In the interior decoration and cladding there are modern materials that provide good noise and heat insulation, a steering wheel with lower spokes (which does not overlap the instruments). All controls are located in close proximity to the driver; the parking brake and transfer case control drive is pneumatic (which made it possible to remove the levers from the passenger compartment). The new cabin provides comfortable working conditions for the driver. But the charismatic appearance of the car, of course, completely takes away from it.

Review of serial modifications of "Ural-4320"

As part of the Ural-4320 family, the following modifications of the vehicle were manufactured on the assembly line of the Miass plant:

• Flatbed and tilt truck "Ural-43202-0351-31" for general transport purposes with a wooden platform;
• Truck tractors “Ural-4420-10” and “Ural-4420-31”, designed for towing special semi-trailers on all types of roads and rough terrain;
• Tractor units “Ural-44202-0311-31”, also designed for towing semi-trailers on all types of roads and off-road;
• The Ural-44202-0612-30 truck tractor is designed for towing semi-trailers and various equipment on airfields and other flat areas;
• “Ural-4320-0911-30” – with an extended base;
• “Ural-4320-0611-10” and “Ural-4320-0611-31” - also with a wooden cargo platform and an awning.

On the basis of the Ural-4320 vehicles of the indicated modifications, chassis with similar technical characteristics were also produced for van bodies, rotation buses, and various special equipment. Within the same modification, various options are possible: with or without a winch; according to the location of the spare wheel holder: behind the cab or in the rear of the frame, with a vertical or horizontal arrangement; or without a holder (with temporary technological fastening on the frame); with or without mechanical power take-offs from the gearbox (PTO) and transfer case; with or without a towing device for towing trailers.

Throughout the 2000s, four armored army modifications of the vehicle were built on the basis of the Ural-4320 and demonstrated to the general public. This is "Ural-4320-09-31"; "Ural-4320-0010-31" (or "Ural-E4320D-31"); "Ural-4320VV". As well as the Casspir MK6 armored vehicle, which is manufactured on the Ural-4320 chassis by the Indian company Mahindra and Mahindra at its plant in the city of Prithla, Haryana. All these vehicles have solid ballistic and mine protection.

The cabins, including their rear walls, roofs and floors, are made of solid armored steel sheets, equipped with armored glass with embrasures for firing; strong safe-type doors with locks with internal locking. There is a hatch in the roof that can be used as a machine gun nest. The fuel tank and battery box are also armored.

Armored vehicle "Ural-4320VV".

It is planned to use a wide range of special equipment in these armored vehicles: night vision devices, radiation and chemical reconnaissance, army radio stations of various types, filter and ventilation units, etc. It is also possible to install an armored module in the body to accommodate personnel (about 15-20 soldiers). The layout of armored cars based on the Ural-4320 is free, which allows placing a variety of types of special modules on the cargo platform.

It all started back in 1961, when the production of Ural-375 trucks started at a plant in the city of Miass (Ural). Despite the fact that this model was constantly modernized, the truck turned out to be not only reliable, but also durable. However, there were also disadvantages, including working with high octane gasoline. They wanted to remotorize cars back in the 60s. The Urals themselves planned to develop diesel, but due to financial problems their plans failed. That is why the development of a new engine and gearbox began in Yaroslavl. The diesel engine received a serial number and the name YaMZ-740, while the prototype of the truck began to be called Ural-E4320. Until the fall of 1975, several test tractors and flatbed vehicles were produced. However, production began after the documentation was completed. The entire Ural model range.

Exterior

The body of a domestic car is a metal platform with a folding side at the rear. It is equipped with benches, an awning and removable arches, additional lattice sides. The structure is made in the form of short overhangs, which allows for increased cross-country ability. The total curb weight is 8,265 kg. The weight of the equipment or cargo being transported can reach 6,855 kg, and up to 11.5 tons can be towed.

The standard configuration includes a 3-seater cabin on the frame, which is assembled from thick sheet metal, which is also stamped. As for the glazing, it is made in such a way that the visibility of the driver of the car makes it possible to fully monitor the situation on the road. For this purpose, side rear-view mirrors were made, which are very convenient.

Interior

The presented model is equipped with a cabin with two doors made of metal. It is designed for three people. The driver's seat is adjustable and there is a ventilation system. Some cabin options are equipped with a separate berth.

Since the spring of 2009, the Ural-4320 began to be equipped with a new type of cabin made of fiberglass. Operating conditions, controls and seating arrangements have become more comfortable.

Specifications

Since the Ural-4320 was originally planned as a vehicle for military service, it received an optimal safety margin and is repairable in any conditions. The simplicity of the design also played an important role. There are enough variations of engines - here you can get 230 hp, 240 hp, and 250 horsepower YaMZ. In principle, you can make a custom-made package with a YaMZ-7601 with 300 horsepower and a 5-speed gearbox.

Not without a hydraulic booster. The engines are equipped with a pre-heater - they fully comply with the Euro-3 standard. The Ural-4320 is capable of taking 300 liters of diesel fuel on board at once, although some models are distinguished by the presence of an assistant for 60 liters. The truck consumes 42 liters of diesel fuel per 100 km at a speed of 60 km/h.

Transmission

The wheel formula is 6x6. 4320 has high cross-country ability, which can be achieved using single-pitch wheels with automated adjustment of air filling of the chambers on all wheels. The suspension installed in front is dependent and rests on semi-elliptical springs with double-acting shock absorbers. There are also dependent ones at the rear and they are located on springs with reaction rods. The Ural-4320 has all axles (there are only 3) driven. The wheels that are in front and which are also controlled by the steering wheel have CV joints. The YaMZ-182 clutch has a friction drive, where the pneumatic amplifier is located, and has one disk with a diaphragm pull-type spring.

With a 2-speed manual transfer case, front-wheel drive is always on. The manual transmission of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant contains 5 gears with a locked center differential, and is perfectly synchronized. So, it allows you to get 10 gears for forward movement and a couple of speeds for reverse. The transfer case contains a center locking differential, which distributes torque between the drive front axle and a pair of drive axles at the rear in a ratio of 1 to 2.

These gearboxes are controlled mechanically. Cardan transmission – 4 cardan shafts. The main gear of the drive axles is double, containing a pair of bevel gears and a pair of cylindrical gears. The robust bumper at the front and rear has been fitted with strong towing devices in the form of hooks and a tow bar on the frame, enhancing the truck's technical capabilities.

Brake system

It includes two systems: a 2-circuit working vehicle and a spare single-circuit vehicle. In addition, there is an auxiliary function of brakes with pneumatic drive from the exhaust system. The braking system is mechanical and has a brake drum on the transfer case. The parking brake design is of a drum type, installed on the output shaft of the transfer case.

Motor

The Ural-4320-10 was made to move by a couple of varieties of power units:

• Diesel eight-cylinder KamAZ-740.10 (also used on LAZ-4202 buses), the power of which was 230 horses, the volume was 10.85 liters;
• Yaroslavsky (YaMZ-226) - a diesel engine with 180 horsepower;
• YaMZ-236NE2 (230 horses) – volume 11.15 liters (four-stroke, turbocharged);
• YaMZ-238M2 (240 horses);
• YaMZ-236BE2 (250 horses);
• YaMZ-7601 (300 horses) – on order.

Engine KamAZ-740– has smaller dimensions and lighter weight compared to YaMZ-238, and also has a higher crankshaft rotation speed. At low air temperatures, the KAMAZ power unit starts well, which is ensured by the use of a strong starter, batteries whose power has been increased, good motor oil and a starting heater. The power unit is driven by a fuel injection pump (high pressure fuel pump).

YaMZ-238- a four-stroke engine that has an EFU (electric flare device for starting in cold seasons. There is one interesting nuance - before the engine stops operating, it must idle for one or two minutes.

The motors fully meet European Euro-3 standards. On board, an off-road truck can take about 300 liters of fuel. Some models have an additional 60 liter tank. Diesel fuel consumption in the Urals (with a road train) with engines from the Yaroslavl Motor Plant at a speed of 40 km/h is 31 (36) liters, at 60 km/h – 35 (42). The maximum speed is 85 km/h. When operating on heavy soil, the volume of diesel fuel increases to 50-55 liters. The cruising range is 1040 kilometers, and it can overcome ascents fully loaded to 58%. In addition, the truck can overcome fords, the depth of which is up to 1.5 meters.

Transportation options

The base for transporting various types of goods or people is made of metal. It has an opening side at the back and lift-up seats located on the sides. You can add sides on both sides, install arches and cover with an awning. There are Ural-4320 configurations that are supplied with material made of wood. The board has a solid or lattice shape. The number of passengers that can be transported can vary from 27 to 34 seats.

The maximum weight that the Ural can transport is 10,000 kg. The structure of the Ural car is made in such a way that the power unit is located in front, the hood rises up, and there are wide flat wings on the side that protect the driver's cabin from the penetration of dirt when driving off-road, for example.

Modifications

There are a considerable number of Ural-4320 off-road trucks, and each of them has its own feature:

1. Ural-4320-01 - was produced in 1986. It is dominated by an improved version of the cabin, unlike the previous version, a different platform and gearbox. Went along with the Kamazov engine;
2. Ural-4320-10 - produced with a 6-cylinder power unit YaMZ-236, which produces 180 horsepower. The vehicle was designed for transporting various cargoes, people and towing trailers on and off-road. The installed winch always helped out when getting stuck (which happened very rarely), it could be designed for a distance of up to 65 m;
3. Ural-4320-31 - released in 1993 with an 8-cylinder power unit, the power of which increased to 240 horses. Moreover, it comes with improved power density settings;
4. Ural-4320-30 - a truck with an increased wheelbase and increased load capacity;
5. Ural-4320-41 is a truck with a Yaroslavl plant engine (YaMZ-236NE2), produced in 2002. It met Euro-2 standards and had 230 horsepower;
6. Ural-4320-40 - modification 4320-41, only with an extended base;
7. Ural-4320-44 - produced in 2009 - the same version 4320-41, only differing in the cabin, which has increased comfort;
8. Ural-4320-45 – Ural-4320-44 truck, with an extended wheelbase;
9. Ural-4320-48 - comes with the YaMZ-7601 power unit. This version of the machines was specially produced for the installation of special equipment.

It turns out that in different versions of the Ural-4320, the engine power was radically different. There was a particularly significant appearance in 2009 of a new version of the truck, where the cabin was equipped with additional comfort. For example, the hood was made of fiberglass. Moreover, a stylish unique plumage appeared. Starting this year, the auto company is worried not only about the off-road properties of the truck, but also about the convenience of staying in the driver’s cabin, which has not received so much attention before.

It is worth saying that when assembling the truck, the engineers thought about the person who would drive the Russian car. The steering wheel was not without a hydraulic booster. The cabin had a pretty good heater. The driver's seat is adjustable in three directions - height, length and adjustable backrest tilt. There are headrests and armrests, making the ride more comfortable. We started installing seat belts.

The interior began to be made from materials that provide good noise and heat insulation. The instrument panel has a convenient location. All sensors and meters are easy to read, and the necessary buttons and switches can be used without leaving the driver’s seat. There is also a rather large and rational glove compartment, and a shelf for storing papers and other things and property. Under the passenger seats there is a tool chest. It is possible to equip the car with a sleeping place.

Price and configuration Ural-4320

Over its long history, many different configurations and modifications of this truck have appeared. Of course, most of the cars went to the needs of the army. In 2011, an Indian company created the Casspir Mk6 armored car based on the Ural-4320. During testing, the tuned truck withstood a powerful explosion equal to 21 kg of TNT. But let's return to pricing policy. As for the cost of the Russian off-road truck, Ural-4320, the plant has established a pricing policy that starts from 1,700,000 rubles for a vehicle with a previous generation cab and a YaMZ-236NE2 engine (230 horsepower).

For the Ural-4320 car with the latest cabin and the same YaMZ-236NE2 power unit (230 horses) you will need to pay 1,710,000 rubles. For the extended Ural chassis and increased load capacity, you will have to pay 1,880,000 rubles. A flatbed model of the Urals, covered with an awning and with a winch, the same engine for 230 horses, costs 1,790,000 rubles. Finally, the Ural-4320 flatbed, with a long wheelbase and a Yaroslavl engine with 230 horsepower, can be purchased from 1,950,000 Russian rubles.

Let's sum it up

Model 4320 Ural became a successful successor to the gluttonous 375 D, which consumed up to 70 liters of gasoline per 100 km. Even today, this car evokes some kind of wild delight by its appearance alone.

It can transport absolutely any cargo and travels where the road is forever closed to many SUVs. The 6x6 wheel arrangement and simply fantastic ground clearance of 360 mm lays the foundation for producing the 4320 Ural for many years to come.

Ural-4320 photo