Two economic subsections were formed in Western Siberia: West Siberian (Ob-Irtysh) and Kuznetsco-Altai. Each of them has its own economic profile. The level of development of their farm is quite high to consider them in the group of the main economic regions of Russia in the near future.
West Siberian (Ob-Irtysh) Subarea
Omskaya, Tomsk, Tyumen (including Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District)
In this subarea, oil and natural gas reserves have created prerequisites for the development of in it not only the powerful oil and gas industry, but also complex production of organic synthesis. Two main complexes corresponding to petrochemical and gas energy EPC are formed here. Machine-building, forestry-chemical, industrial-agricultural, fishery, industrial and construction complexes are also related to profile.
The fuel and energy complex is represented not only by enterprises for the extraction of energy fuel, but also a large system
The proportion of the subjects of the Russian Federation as part of the West Siberian district
according to the main economic indicators (1997),%
Table 22.

The subject of the Russian Federation	Territory	Population at the beginning of 1998	Number of people employed in the economy	Gross regional product	Volume industrial product	1 Volume of agricultural products	Investment in fixed capital
Republic	3,8	1.3	1.2	0,4	0,1	1,9	/>0,2
Altai
Altai region	7,0	17,7	16,0	6,4	6,5	21,1	3,0
Kemerovo region.	3,9	20,0	19,2	14,1	17,6	15,4	10,4
Novosibirsk region one	7,3	18,2	16,3	9,5	6,8	22,0	5,5
Omsk region	5,8	14,4	14,2	8,4	9,6	20,0	4,1
Tomsk region	13,1	7,1	7,0	5,3	4,7	7,3	5,0
Tyumen region	59,1	21,3	26,1	55,9	54,7	14,1	71,8
including;
Khanty-Mansiysk JSC	21,6	9,0	9,8	...	37,0	...	31,4
Yamalo-Nenets JSC	39,0	3,3	4,3	...	14,0	...	28,2
TOTAL	100,0	100,0	100,0	100,0	100,0	100,0	100,0

thermal power plants on average Priobye n in separate energy nodes in oil and gas production areas. The power system is significantly strengthened by new GRES: Surgut, Nizhnevartovskaya and Urengoyskaya.
The oil and gas complex is based on Tyumen and Tomsk oil and natural gas. Its enterprises are posted almost throughout the territory. Oil production is focused mainly on average Priobye. In the future, the value of its northern deposits will increase. Natural gas is mined mainly in the northern regions. Here are the most significant deposits - Yamburg and P-ov Yamal. Plants for the processing of source oil and gas raw materials are located in Omsk, Tobolsky and Tomsk industrial nodes. Omsk oil and gas chemical complex includes plants: oil refining, synthetic rubber, scent, tire, rubber products, as well as a cord factory, etc. The development of this complex is rapidly deployed not only inland, but also styling. The largest oil and gas processing complexes are designed in Tobolsk and Tomsk. In the future, in Western Siberia, new oil and gas refining centers will arise.
The machine-building complex is generated mainly in Omsk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Ishim and Zavodoukovsk. Machine-building enterprises produce equipment and machines for oil and gas processing and forest industries, for transport, construction, agriculture. Much development received aircraft, rocket education, tank building, engine building, radio electronics, instrument making.
In the near future, it is necessary to strengthen the role of the cities of Omsk, Tyumen and Tomsk as the support bases of the development of oil and gas regions of Western Siberia and deepen the specialization of the engineering of these centers at the production of a variety of equipment in the northern execution.
The forestry complex is presented mainly by the logging and woodworking industries. A significant part of the wood is still taken out of the subarea in the untreated form (round forest, rud space, firewood). The stage of deep processing of wood (hydrolysis, pulp and paper, etc.) is not developed. In the future, a significant increase in forest blanks is planned in the Tyumen and Tomsk regions.
The agro-industrial complex is an important link of the economy. In accordance with the natural conditions and economic features, there were certain types of agriculture and the combination of the main and serving industries. The apk generally specializes in the cultivation and processing of grain. In small sizes in places of cultivation of certain technical crops (Len, hemp, sunflower) there are primary processing of flax-kudryash and cannabis, oil production. The livestock branch of the apk includes oil-dairy, dairy-cans and production of meat processing, leather, wool, sheepskin.
The old fishery of the subarea is routed (in Ishim and Tobolsk there are mechanized carpets). On local and imported raw materials, enterprises of textile, leather and shoe industries work. "
The main centers for the processing of agricultural raw materials - Omsk, Tyumen, Tomsk, Yalutorovsk, Tatarsk, Ishim.
Fishing complex (fish mining in rivers and lakes and sea fishing in the rivals, fish processing and canning) serve a networking factory in Tyumen and shipyard in Tobolsk, the base of the receiving fleet. Tare and tin-cannon production is placed on the fish fabilities.
The industrial-building complex of Subarea is focused on ensuring the reconstruction and new construction of oil and gas chemical enterprises. Major construction organizations are concentrated in large industrial centers of the South Subarea and basic cities on | His north. ]
In Ob-Irtysh subarea, the system of territorial is developing | But production complexes: I
Omsk, Tyumen-Tobolsky and South Tomsky are supported for the development of oil and gas areas, specializing in machine-building, petrochemicals, woodworking, light and food industries; ^ Middle Burst and North-Tomsk with large-scale oil production, \\ GRES and gas processing plants on oil passing gas; j North-Tyumen - a pioneer complex formed on the basis of gas production, and in perspective also oil;
Southern Uralsky (Konditionskaya Priobye), specializing in oil production and forestry; one
Northern Uralsky (North-Soshivinsky, Socyvinskoye, Oba), specializing in gas production and wood processing.
The cores of these TPK became emerging industrial nodes: T. J Mensky, Tobolsky, Yalutorsky, Ishimsky in Tyumen-Tobol- | SCOM TPK; Omsk - in Omsk; Tomsk, Assinsky - in South Tom JC; Surgut, Nizhnevartovsky, Nefteyugansky, November - J in Middle Bet; Strezhevo-Alexandrovsky - in North-Tomsk; Urengoy, Nadym, Salekhard, Yamburg - in North Tyumen TPK, etc.
Omsk region (territory of 139.7 thousand km2, the population of 2180 thousand people, the share in the urban population of 67.1%). Unlike the Tyumen region, Omskaya does not have large deposits of useful - fossil and, like the South of the Tyumen region, serves as a supporting basis for the development of the West Siberian North and the processing of incoming oil from the average acquisition of oil. In addition, the largest washed complex, not directly related to the development of the North, was formed.
More than half of the population focuses in the Omsk Regional Center (1182.0 thousand inhabitants). Other cities are small; Tara based in; 1594 and in 1669, transferred to. A new place, has 26.4 thousand lives, Jely, Isilkul - 27.6 thousand, eraser - 25.6 thousand inhabitants. I.
Type of farming of the region - Industrial-Agrarian: Agriculture of grain and suburban (meat-milk) direction is developed around the powerful Omsk industrial assembly.
Omsk is the largest city in Ob-Irtysh subarea. Founded in 1716, he was the most important administrative center of Western Siberia: West Siberian (1824-1882) and Steppe (1882-1917) of Governors General (the latter included Akmola and Semipalatinsk region. With the cities of Akmolinsky ( Now Astana), Kokcheketav, Semipalatinsky, Ust-Kamenogorsk, etc.). The advantageous economic and geographical position of Omsk on the development of the Siberian Railway, at the intersection of it with R. Irtysh, adjacent to her railway line from Kazakhstan, the construction of the pipeline from the Middle Priobya was determined in the city intensive growth in industry. Omsk is the first of the large-scale oil refining centers created in Western Siberia ("Omskorgsintez *, a synthetic rubber plant," Omskshina * et al.). The most important place in the industry of the city is occupied by mechanical engineering, especially the production of space and aviation equipment, a tank building, radio electronics, instrument making (Flying enterprises ", named after Baranov, Transmash, etc.). Lightweight and food industries are developed: leather, shoe, meat, dairy, textile, etc.
Omsk is a major cultural center with a university, other universities, with one of the largest books in Siberia, theaters, museums.
Tomsk region (territory 316.9 thousand km2, the population is 1072 thousand people, the share in the urban population of 66.8%), located in the taiga zone and partially mixed forests, is characterized by less developed agriculture of grain and suburban type (to collect The grains are inferior to Tyumen about 3 times, Kemerovo - 2 times, Omsk and Novosibirsk - 5 times, the Altai Territory - 8 times). A powerful Tomsk industrial assembly is allocated, including the city of Tomsk (481.1 thousand inhabitants; a large center of oil refining, petrochemistry and ^ engineering), the center of the nuclear industry in Seversk (119.0 thousand inhabitants), a new largest center of the oil industry. Strezheva (44.0 thousand inhabitants) in the northern part of the region, the forest-critical center of Asino on the river. Chulamma (31.3 thousand inhabitants), the center of the Fish and Food Industry of Kolpashevo (28.9 thousand inhabitants) on the river. Ob is below the p. Chulam.
Tomsk is the oldest administrative, industrial, scientific and cultural center. It was founded in 1604 as an important Russian fortress in the r. Tomi, to which promotion in the pool r. Yenisei (through the rivers of Ket and CAS). The construction of the Siberian tract Tomsk acquired a particularly important trade and distribution value. However, being aside from the main Siberian railway, from which the railway line was laid in 1896, Tomsk lost the economic championship in this part of Siberia rapidly developed Novosibirsk, but continued to develop
23 - 3399

as the largest scientific center. Back in 1880, the University was founded here first in the Asian part of Russia, and in 1896 the first technical educational institution was created in Siberia - Institute of Technology. Modern Tomsk - a largest scientific center. The petrochemical industry, engineering (Sibcabel plants, Sibelectromotor, bearing, instrumental, electromechanical, electromechanical, radiotechnical, and other), woodworking, building materials, and food processing, and food industry are obtained.
Tyumen region (territory 1435.2 thousand km2, the population of 3243.5 thousand people, the share in it of the urban population of 76.2%) is the only way in Western Siberia, including two other subjects of the Russian Federation: Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenetsky Autonomous districts. It creates certain conflict of constitutional nature.
The south of the Tyumen region developed as a support base for the development of oil and gas fields of the Tyumen North and large-scale processing of medium communion oil. The Tyumen industrial assembly, specializing in production, ensuring the needs of the oil and gas industry of the Tyumen North in the equipment, building structures and vehicles, and the Tobolsk industrial assembly, specializing in refining and petrochemistry, obtained the greatest development.
Tyumen (556.4 thousand inhabitants) - the first Russian city in Siberia, founded as Ostrog in 1586 on the bank of the river. Tours, 100 km from it in the r. Tobol. Currently - a large railway assembly (lines on Omsk, Ekaterinburg, Surgut) and a river port. The most important industries are a river shipbuilding (it has long traditions: in 1838, the first in Siberia steamer was built in Tyumen), mechanical engineering, engineering, electromechanical, instrument making, machine-tooling, equipment for the oil industry, plastics, chemical-pharmaceutical products, medical products Equipment and tools, building materials, light and food industry. Since the 60s of the XX century. Tyumen became the organizational center for the development of northern oil and gas fields.
The city employs research and project institutes of the oil and gas industry, higher education institutions, cultural institutions.
Tobolsk (117.0 thousand inhabitants), like Tyumen, is one of the oldest cities of Siberia. Founded in 1587 on r. Irtysh, near the lift in it. Tobol. The first Kremlin in Siberia was built here. From the end of the XVI to the XVIII century, that is, about 200 years, - the main military-administrative, church (Siberian diocese) and for a long time an important trade and distribution center of Siberia. In the XIX century In connection with the displacement of trade routes, and then the construction of the Tanssib, who has passed far to the Schu from Tobolsk, the economic significance of the city fell. With the development of the Tyumen North and holding the main railway line from Tyumen to the North, who passed through Tobolsk (Tyumen -

Tobolsk - Surgut - New Urengoy), the value of Tobolsk has increased again. The largest petrochemical plant is built here. The shipbuilding and ship repair, the production of building materials, furniture, light and food industries were developed.
Tobolsk is a major and promising tourist center (a variety of valuable monuments of Estrase FT architecture).
The Tyumen region includes the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District (territory of 523.1 thousand km2, the population of 1384 thousand people, the share in it of the urban population is 91.1%). It includes a large development since the 60-90s of the XX century. Industrial nodes of medium communion specializing in oil production, partly gas, production of building materials, forest and wood processing industry. Oil production in 1998 amounted to 167 million tons, gas - 19 billion m3.
On the basis of oil and gas and partially forest processing industries, several groups of cities and towns have developed.
In the central and eastern parts of the middle acquisition along the Tyumen Railway - Tobolsk - the new Urengoy had four such groups: the Surgut Group - the cities of Surgut and Lianitor, the villages of Fedorovsky, Barsovo, White Yar. Main enterprises - Surgutneftegaz, associated gas processing enterprises, GRES, construction enterprises (including house-building), food (including the fish conservation) industry.
Surgut is one of the oldest cities of Siberia. It was founded in 1594, but then a long time did not have a significant value and even twice lost the status of the city (in 1804-1867 and 1926-1965). Currently, the second after Tyumen in population (278.4 thousand inhabitants) and the industrial significance of the city of the Tyumen region. Nizhnevartovskaya Group - Nizhnevartovsk (238.9 thousand inhabitants), Megion (50.0 thousand), Langepas (40.3 thousand), rainbow (46.1 thousand), show (14.5 thousand inhabitants) and Dr. Main enterprises - Nizhnevartovsk-Neftegaz, "Megionneftegaz", "Langepassneftegaz" (one of the leading enterprises of LUKOIL), "Sibneftegazperobotka" (gas processing plants) and others.
The city of Nizhnevartovsk, who has grown in connection with the discovery in the early 60s of the XX century. and the development of large oil fields, including the largest self-toll, is currently the third population in the Tyumen region. Here they originate the ongoing Samotlor-Almetyevsk oil pipelines, Samotlor - Samara, Samotlor - Alexandrovskoe. Nefteyuganskaya group (south of Surgut, on the left bank of the river Obi) - Nethethyugansk cities (98.1 thousand inhabitants; originated on the place of the village of Ust-Balyk on the shores of Dukes Obi r. Yugan Obi 42 km from Art. Island on Iron Road Tobolsk - Surgut), tortow-yah (42.3 thousand inhabitants), Poikovsky and other village. Main enterprise - Yuganskneftegaz. Here the Ust-Balyk oil pipelines are originated here - Omsk and the Ust-Balyk product pipeline - Tobolsk.
23’
Kogalym group - Kogalym (55.2 thousand inhabitants). The main enterprise |- "Kogalymneftegaz * (LUKOIL oil company).
In the western part of the region, groups of settlements were also formed: Yugorskaya - Yugorsk cities (30, € thousand inhabitants), Nyagan (65.8 thousand inhabitants), Soviet (22.2 thousand inhabitants), villages Agirish, Zeleno-Borsk, Communist, Taiga, Priobye, Andra, Oktyabrsky, and others. The group has developed on the basis of enterprises of the forest processing industry and oil production, located along the Ivdel railway - Ob. Igrim-Berezovskaya group - Beloyarsky (18.2 thousand inhabitants), the villages of Igrim, Berezovo and others. It developed on the shores of the Obi, Northern Society, Malaya Soche, Kazima on the basis of woodworking industry and gas transportation enterprises. Kondinskaya group -G. Uray (39.7 thousand inhabitants), Shaim, Lugovoy, Mechanrechensky, Mork, Kumin, Kondinsky. Forest on the basis of oil production in the valley of r. Conida, as well as forest-processing enterprises along the railway on the Tavtu. Shaim oil field is one of the first opened in Western Siberia. Here originates the oil pipeline Shaim - Tyumen.
In the central part of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District on the r. Obi is his center of Khanty-Mansiysk (38.2 thousand inhabitants), associated with the main oil-producing areas of the district by road and river transport and air traffic and removed from them by 250-400 km.
The Tyumen region also includes the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (territory of 750.3 thousand km2, the population of 506.8 thousand people, including the city-419.6 thousand people, or 82.8%). It includes industrial assemblies formed in recent decades based on gas production and, to a lesser extent, oil. Although Russian people came here in the XVII century. (Here on the r. The Taza was located the famous Mangazea - \u200b\u200bthe trading port and customs, through which the trade was trading), the edge until recently remained weakly mastered.
The opening of huge gas reserves (about 6 trillion m3) and oil (1 billion tons, including gas condensate) caused intensive industrial development of the region. According to the reserves of gas and gas condensate, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District exceeds Canada, the United Kingdom, Algeria, Mexico and the Netherlands together. Despite more complex natural conditions in subarctic and arctic zones, gas and oil production in the region is growing. In 1998, 523 billion m3 of gas and 30 million tons of oil and gas condensate were obtained here. Powerful gas pipelines are laid in the European part of Russia and to Western Europe. Main enterprises are included in the system of the Gazprom concern.
Groups of cities and settlements were formed: Salekhard Group-Gorod Salekhard (32.1 thousand inhabitants; County Administrative Center) and Labytnangi (27.8 thousand inhabitants; Located on the left bank of the river Ob at the place of the adjoining of the Pechersk Railway, coming from Vorkuta ), HARP settlement. The group has developed on the basis of administrative and transport functions. From the city of Labytnangi build the railway on the Yamal Peninsula. Nadym group - Nadym (47.1 thousand inhabitants), the village of Old Nadym, Pangoda, Polarmar. The group has developed on the basis of the largest bear and anniversary gas fields. The main enterprise is "Nadymgazprom". Novo-Urengoy Group - Novy Urengoy (101.7 thousand inhabitants), villages Urengoy, Korobalovo, Limbiaja, Yagelskaya, Yamburg, Tazovsky, etc. This is the most powerful center of the gas industry of the Tyumen North, which mines about 74% of the Gaza Russia (enterprises "Urengoyigazprom", "Yamburgazodobyche", etc.). From the new Urengoy, the railway line to Yamburg was laid for the development of the Yamburg gas condensate field (on the highway with a length of 230 km, condensate is delivered for processing to New Urengoy). Construct export gas pipeline from Yamburg. Noyabrskaya Group - the cities of Noyabrsk (106.8 thousand inhabitants), Muravlenko (37.0 thousand inhabitants), Art. Hanoeja and others. Vase enterprise -| "Noyabruskneftegaz" (Sibneft oil company) includes oil-producing enterprises "Kholmogornneft", "Zapolyarneft" (Nose. Vingapurovsky), "Muravlenkovskneft" and "Sutormminskneft" (Mr. Muravlenko). In Muravlenko, Nose. Investing and G. Noyabrsk work gas processing plants on the basis of associated petroleum gas. In Noyabrsk there are also food and light industry enterprises. Gubkinskaya group - Gubkinsky (18.7 thousand inhabitants; received the status of the city in 1996), the villages of Harampur, Barsukovsky and others. The main enterprise is Purneftegaz (Rosneft),
Unlike the Novo-Urengoy and Nadym industrial assemblies specializing in gas production, November and Gubkin, industrial components specialize in the production of oil and processing of associated petroleum gas.
Important tasks of the further development of the region are promoting gas and oil production to the northern regions with more harsh conditions, but highly efficient fields; Improving gas and oil production technology and reduce their cost in developed fields; a significant reduction in the complexity of technological processes; Optimization of the settlement system (new basic cities, apparently, it is not necessary to build: it is necessary to improve the use of rotational and watch-expeditionary methods of exploitation of deposits, choosing in each particular case of the most appropriate proportions of the use of these methods, the advantages and disadvantages of which in the conditions of the Siberian North appeared already quite clearly). Important problem -| Further transport development of the region; In addition to the laying of roads to the north, it is necessary to consider the possibility of restoring the latitudinal railway Labnyangi - Nadym - New Urengoy, and then continue it to Igarka and Norilsk.
Kuznetsko-Altai Subarea
. - -: - I.
Altai Republic, Altai Territory, Kemerovo and Novosibirsk Region
The following sectoral and adequate EPP complexes have the main importance in subsection: fuel and energy, pyrometallurgical and non-ferrous metals, carbonnergochemical, machine-building, forest energy, agro-industrial and industrial-building.
The fuel and energy complex includes a system of enterprises producing energy corners, and several powerful TPPs. The Kuzbass power system includes hydrostating, but their value compared to the TPP is small. Upon the development of the Itaty brownal field, a group of thermal power plants can be created, the largest of which will have a capacity of 6.4 million kW. Thermal energy can also develop on the natural gas Ob-Irtyshya.
The pyrometallulurgical complex of ferrous metals is represented by all stages - from the mining of ores, their enrichment before the production of cast iron, steel and rolled steel. Enterprises of basic stages - coal mining (for coke fittings) and sword-producing. The coal industry of Kuzbass determined the formation of the rest of the links in the economy of Subarea. The iron ore industry, created in Mountain Shore, does not provide the needs of the metallurgical redistribution; Metallurgical plants receive iron ore concentrates from other areas; Kuznetsky - from Khakassia, West Siberian - from the Angaro Ilima basin, etc. All stages of metallurgical redistribution are focused on Kuznetsky and West Siberian metallurgical combines; Gurieevsky Excel and Novosibirsk List Rolling Plants produce steel and rolling. Further development of the complex can be based not only at an increase in the capacity of existing enterprises, but also on the creation of new, as well as on the expansion of the range of rolled products.
The main enterprises of the carbonnergochemical complex are concentrated in Kuznetsk node. This is a coke-chemical plant, the Novochember Chemical Plant, the Karbolite plants (nitrogen-tucule), aneline-painted, caproic yarn. The new cocomy center has arisen in the Altai Territory, the production of nitrogen fertilizers is developing here. The synthetic fiber enters the textile enterprises of Barnaul, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Omsk, part of this raw material are taken out.
The complex of electrical enterprises is represented by aluminum and ferroalloy factories in Novokuznetsk and Zincov in Belov.
The large machine-building complex arose in the Kuznetsco-Altai subarea due to the growth of coal mining, the creation of black and non-ferrous metallurgy. Favorable factors were the proximity of the main agricultural bases of Siberia and a convenient transport and geographical location on transit railway tracks. Novosibirsk is the largest engineering center of Western Siberia. Aircraft, machine-tooling, energy, agricultural, transport engineering and production of equipment for mining, light and food industries are concentrated here. In Kuzbass, two engineering bushes are distinguished: Northern (Kemerovo, Fires, Yurga, Leninsk-Kuznetsky, Anzhero-Sudzhensk) and South (Novokuznetsk, Prokopyevsk, Kiselevsk). Both specialized mainly at the production of machinery and equipment for the coal industry (passage combines, drilling rigs, electric motors, shaft trolleys, scraper winches, mechanisms for hydrochscht, etc.). Barnaul (boilers, mining equipment, means of transport), Rubtsovsk (agricultural engineering), Biysk (boilers) became significant engineering centers.
The forestnergochemical complex is presented mainly by enterprises in wood harvesting and its mechanical processing, which are located throughout the subsection. Deep chemical processing of wood is not yet developed. Collection and primary processing of the Allows, the production of coniferous-vitamin flour is one of the directions of integrated use of forest resources: Zhvitsa is recycled in Barnaul on a rope-terrent plant and in Novosibirsk to obtain medical camphores. Large centers of sawmills are in Biysk, Mogoche, Ket, Novosibirsk, Novokuznetsk and Prokopyevsk. In Barnaul and Biysk there is production of matches.
The agro-industrial complex in the Kuznetsco-Altai subarea is more developed than in Ob-Igyshsky. In the harvest years, Subrayon gives half the state supplies of Siberia grain. Sunflower and sugar beet (last - only in the foothills of the Altai) are grown in the steppes and the forest-steppes (the last one in the foothills of Altai), in the northern subtall zone. Cattle is divorced everywhere, but most of all in the forest-steppe and steppe areas. The finesthettime is timed to the steppe strip, and to the forest-steppe and altai - half-rigorous. The system of enterprises for the production of milk and dairy products (oil, high-quality cheese) is widely developed, especially in the Altai Territory. Meat processing plants are located mainly in large cities - Novosibirsk, Barnaul, Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, etc.
The powerful industrial-building complex of Subarea is specialized in the construction of heavy industry facilities. The construction base for agricultural and civil construction is insufficient. The main links of the complex are accommodated in the cities of Kuzbass, Novosibirsk and Barnaul.
In the Kuznetsco-Altai Subaree, territorial production complexes can be highlighted: Kuzbass (coal mining, black and non-ferrous metallurgy, chemistry, engineering), Novosibirsk and Barnaul (large engineering, chemical, light and food industry), West Altai (mechanical engineering, Colored metallurgy and agrarian-industrial production) / Kuzbass TPK includes industrial assemblies: Novokuznetsky, Kemerovo, Prokopyevsko-Kiselevsky, Leninsk-Kuznets-Ko-Belovsky, Osinnikovo-Kalantsky, Miskovsky-Interrechaja, Yurginsky, Thapgagolsky et al.; Novosibirsk TPK - Novosibirsk, Berdsky, Toguchinsky, Iskitim; Barnaul TPK - Barnaul, Biysk, Kamensky-on-Obi, Zarinsky; Western Adaltai TPK - Rubtsovsky and others.
The Republic of Altai (territory of 92.6 thousand km2, the population is 203.1 thousand people, the share in it of the urban population is 25.0%) - the subject of the Russian Federation within the territory and population is the subject of the Russian Federation within Western Siberia. Allocated in 1991 from the composition of the Altai Territory.
The main branch of the Republic of the Republic is animal husbandry. Industry (easy, food, construction) is concentrated in the republican center of Gorno-Altaisk (50.6 thousand inhabitants). In the village of Skal, the Skalskaya HPP works. It is known for both the Melocklimatic resort. In the villages, Maisk and Talon mined gold. b
Altai Territory (territory of 169.1 thousand km2, the population of 2691 thousand people, the share in the urban population of 52.7%) is located in the southeastern part of Western Siberia. It occupies the equilibin territory of the Priobsky plateau and the Kulundin lowland and the foothills of the Salair grocery and the Altai Mountains. Type of farming - agrarian-industrial. The edge is distinguished by large production of grain, meat, milk, as well as sunflower, sugar beet, flax.
Industrial nodes have developed in the region: Barnaul, which includes the regional center of Barnaul, as well as the city of Novoaltaisk (74.6 thousand inhabitants) with a car-building plant and building materials manufacturing enterprises, food industry and Zarinsk (53.7 thousand inhabitants ) with a large coke-chemical plant and food industry enterprises; Biysk Biysk (236.7 thousand inhabitants) with powerful enterprises of the chemical industry, mechanical engineering (boiler plant, "Sibpromash", etc.), food and light industry; Rubtsovsky - Rubtsovsk (163.9 thousand inhabitants) with the plants "Altaiselmash", Tractor, Tractor electrical equipment, the production of building materials, food and light industry enterprises.
Significant industrial and organizational and distribution centers of agricultural areas: stone-on-obi (43.7 thousand inhabitants) with food (meat processing plant, etc.) and light industry; Slavgorod (34.6 thousand) with mechanical engineering enterprises (production of forging equipment, radios, etc.), chemical, food and light industry; G. Aleisk (31.1 thousand inhabitants) with food enterprises (sugar and oil and oil factories, etc.) and light industry, etc.
In the foothills of Altai there are old centers of non-ferrous metallurgy, mining and enrichment of polymetallic ores - the cities of Zmeinogorek (12.9 thousand inhabitants) and the miner (16.3 thousand), as well as the well-known resort of Belokurich (15.0 thousand inhabitants) .
Barnaul (650.0 thousand inhabitants) - center of the region. The city has developed energy (boiler plant) and transport engineering, engine
the structure ("Altaidizel"), radio industry, the chemical industry ("Himvolokno", plants of tire, rubber products, etc.) GT; Light (melange and cotton combines) and the food industry. An important university and cultural center of the edge.
Kemerovo region (territory of 95.5 thousand km2, population of thousand people, the share in it of the urban population is 86.8%) includes a Kuznetsk hollow with the buses of Kuznetsky Alatau (height up to 2178 m), Salair Kryazh and Mountain Shore, and Also the plain territory of the West Siberian lowland (in the northern part of the region). The type of farming of the region is industrial-agricultural: along with a powerful coal and metallurgical complex in it, agriculture has been developed mainly suburban type, using relatively favorable natural conditions (Siberian Ukraine).
The feature of the Kuzbass is not only the concentration of industry, but also a concentration here in Siberia of the population and cities in Siberia.
Kuzbass is the largest industrial area of \u200b\u200bRussia to the east of the Urals. On the territory of less than 1% of the territory of Siberia, 13% of its population is concentrated, including 15% of urban. In Kuzbass - one of the most urban areas of the country - an extensive complex system of industrial assemblies and cities arose and develops.
At the present stage, this area retains its place among Siberia areas favorable by natural and economic conditions for priority development. His fuel and commodity resources, along with oil and gas of the West Siberian North, hydropower, ore, forest and coal riches of the Angaro-Yenisei basin, Norilsk Nickel and Yakutian diamonds, belong to the most important and cost-effective resources of Siberia. His world's largest resources of high-quality coal are combined with favorable climatic and soil and vegetable conditions, significant water resources, as well as large reserve territories for the development of industry and cities. An equally important reserve of industry development is the availability of industrial and utility funds, construction bases and especially labor resources.
The coal industry serves as a "rod", around which all other units of the economic complex (ferrous metallurgy, chemical industry, electric power industry, production of aluminum and ferroalloys, production of mining equipment and electrical products, light and food industry) are formed. Significant opportunities are associated with the development of high-quality coal coal mining, as well as energy coal with a cheap open method and using hydroda.
Before Kuzbass, there are important problems of improving the technical level of coal mining, reducing its cost, significant growth in labor productivity. None of the major coal regions of the world is located so far from the most important centers of consumption and export ports (Kuzbass is near Tõl, the world record holder
by distance from the nearest sea). Therefore, in order to increase the efficiency of coal mining, reduced excess jobs, close non-prospective mines and cuts, no matter how painful these measures have been painful, as well as to conduct rational tariff policy.
At the same time, it is necessary to reconstruct the entire industrial complex of Kuzbass with the development here (as employees from the coal industry) of the Upper Floors of Production Complex Complexed Machinery, Electronics, Fundamental Products of Chemistry, and others are available. For this, there are all necessary prerequisites (infrastructure, qualified Labor resources, research institutes, universities, etc.).
In the Kemerovo region there was a system of industrial assemblies and cities:
in North Kuzbass, this is a Kemerovo industrial assembly, which includes the city of Kemerovo (533.7 thousand inhabitants), a new deserted center of Berezovsky (56.3 thousand) and a transport assembly and a center for the production of building materials of the furnace (33.0 thousand . residents); Yurginsky is a major machinery center of Yurga (86.8 thousand inhabitants); Anzhero-Sudzhensky is the oldest deserted center of Anzhero-Sudzhensk (100.9 thousand inhabitants);
in the Central Kuzbass - Leninsk-Kuznetsco-Belovsky industrial assembly, including the city of Leninsk-Kuznetsky (115.0 thousand inhabitants) - the center of the coal industry, mechanical engineering (plants of the electrollamp, "kuzbassalem", shaft fire equipment), light (mandal-cloth Combine, sewing, shoe factory) and food industries; G. Belovo (167.9 thousand inhabitants) - the center of the coal industry, non-ferrous metallurgy (zinc plant), mechanical engineering ("Sibelcom * et al.), light and food industry; Gurieevsk (28.8 thousand inhabitants) - the oldest metallurgical center (alterable metallurgy), production of cement, mineral paints, etc.;
in South Kuzbass - Novokuznetsk industrial assembly, including Novokuznetsk (579.8 thousand inhabitants) - a large center of black and non-ferrous metallurgy (Kuznetsky and West Siberian metallurgical combines, ferroalloys, aluminum plants), coal industry, production of building materials and structures , light and food industry; Prokopyevsko-Kiselev industrial knot - Cities of Prokopyevsk (237.9 thousand inhabitants) and Kisevsk (116.5 thousand inhabitants) - Centers of coal industry, mechanical engineering (Electromachine plants, mining automation, bearing, food engineering, etc. in Prokopyevsk, coal engineering, metal structures and mountain cars in Kiselevsk), light, food industry, building materials production; The Mesky-Mezhdrachensky industrial assembly - the city of Mezhdurechensk (104.6 thousand inhabitants) - the mining center of high-quality coking coals and mysteries (45.2 thousand inhabitants) - the center of the electric power industry (Tom-Usinskaya GRES), the coal industry and the production of building materials; Osinnikovskoye-Caltan industrial nodules of Osinniki (58.7 thousand inhabitants) -
the center of the coal industry and Caltan (25.8 thousand inhabitants) is the center of the electric power industry (South Kuzbass GRES), coal mining, mechanical engineering, production of construction materials].
Outside the actual Kuzbass in the Kemerovo region are located: in the south - Mountain Shorey (Tashtagolsky industrial assembly and towns on the basis of Tashtagolsky ,; and 1 megeshyevsky, Temirtau, Salem, KazSky, Sukharinsky iron ore deposits, etc.); In the North-West - Mentioned Yurginsky Industrial Knot, Taiga (25.5 thousand inhabitants) - a transport node at a branch site from the main Siberian railway line to Tomsk,
p. T. Yashkino (15.2 thousand inhabitants) - the center of cement production, large-passenger house-building, etc.; In the northeast - Mariinsk (38.7 thousand inhabitants) and the village of Tyazhinsky (12.8 thousand inhabitants) are considerable centers of food and light industry and woodworking.
Kemerovo - Administrative and Cultural Center of the region, Center for the Chemical Industry (Nitrogen Plants, Khimprom, Karbolit, Khimvolokno, Cockochemical, specializing in the production of mineral fertilizers, chemical resins, plastic masses, dyes, etc.), chemical Machinery, electrical engineering (Kuzbass Lekromotor, etc.), light and food industry, production of building materials. The city employs the institutions of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, project and scientific institutions and organizations.
Novosibirsk region (territory of 178.2 thousand km2, population of thousand people, the share in the urban population of 74.0%) is located in the southeast of West Siberian plains in the southern taiga and forest plant areas. The type of farming is an industrial-agrarian with a powerful Novosibirsk industrial node and a large agriculture of the grain-livestock. In addition to Novosibirsk, significant industrial centers - Berdsk (86.3 thousand inhabitants), Iskitim (68.3 thousand), Kuibyshev (52.4 thousand), as well as Barabinsk (32.4 thousand), Tarask (28 , 2 thousand), Karasuk (30.8 thousand), Toguchin (23.5 thousand inhabitants), etc.
Novosibirsk (1402.1 thousand inhabitants) - the fourth largest city in the country (after Moscow, St. Petersburg and Nizhny Novgorod), the largest city of Siberia. Originated in 1893 in connection with the construction of the railway bridge through the r. Ob in the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway Railway (called Gusevka first, then the new village, Alexandrovsky, Novonikolaevsky, from 1903 - Novonikolaevsk, from 1925 - Novosibirsk). Located at the "gate" of Siberia, at the intersection of the main Siberian highway with
r. Obey and branches of railway lines for Kuzbass and through Altai to Central Asia, the city grew up with astounding speed. A new impetus to the development of the city was given during the Great Patriotic War evacuation in it many factories, theaters, institutions. In the 60s of the XX century. The Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences was created here.
Modern Novosibirsk is the largest center of mechanical engineering: aircraft manufacturing (factory named after Chkalov), machine-tool construction (headed by the Tsehenstankohydropress plant), energy ("Sibelectrotyazhmash", electrothermal equipment, etc.), agricultural ("Sibsels
mat "), radio electronics, instrument making, production of communications. It also received the development of an enterprise for the production of equipment and equipment, fuel energy assemblies for the atomic industry, black and non-ferrous metallurgy (| newaibrocating *, Tin plant, electrode plant), chemical and pharmaceutical industry, production of building materials, fish and food industry.
Akademgorodok was built near Novosibirsk. On the bank of the Obskoy reservoir, the Institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk University, Institutes of Academies of Medical and Agricultural Sciences are located. In Novosibirsk, many other universities, scientific institutions, project institutions. The Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theater is one of the best in the country, and his hall is the largest in Russia.

The West Siberian Economic Area (ZSER) includes 9 federal subjects:

Altai Territory (Barnaul);

Areas: Kemerovo; Novosibirsk; Omsk; Tomsk;

Tyumen;

Autonomous districts: Khanty-Mansiysk - Ugra (Khanty-Mankiysk; Yamalo-Nenetsky (Salekhard);

Altai Republic (Gorno-Altaisk).

West Siberian Economic District it takes space to the east of the Urals almost to Yenisei.This is one of the largest economic district of Russia.

Possessing the richest natural resources, the area has favorable prerequisites for economic development, but peculiar natural and climatic conditions greatly complicate the situation.

Most of the territory of the district occupies West Siberian Plain.Located in the south-east Altai mountain country - the highest part of Western Siberia (Beluha - 4506m). The North Arctic Ocean has a noticeable influence on the nature of the Far North.

Home River District- Ob- shipping throughout the whole flows into the Kara Sea. The river has a lot of tributaries, many of them shipping. The River of the Area serve as transport arteries and for water supply. The hydropower potential of the rivers is small (flat territory). Wood disease makes it difficult to lay the transport highways, the development of petroleum and gas deposits.

West Siberian district is rich in various mineral resources. Great oil and gas reserves. The area accounts for more than 60% of Russian reserves of peat. To the north of Altai is a Kuznetsky coal pool (Kuzbass). In the south of the Kemerovo region (Mountain Shoria), iron ores were mined, but they were already almost developed. The main stocks of iron ores are in Priobye, in the Tomsk region. In Altai, mercury and gold were found.

In the foothills of Altai is the resort of Belokurich with mineral sourcesand. Dense forests, rapid rivers, famous Teletskoy lakethey attract numerous tourists to Altai.

Population sizedistrict - 16 million people, 2/3 of the population of the entire Eastern (Asian) part of Russia live here. The average population density is 6 people. 1 km 2. It is posted extremely unevenly. The strip is most closely populated along the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Kemerovo region (33 people per 1 km 2). In Taiga, the village is found primarily on river valleys. In the Tomsk, Tyumen region, in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District, the population density - 2- 3 people 1 km 2. Even less often the population is located in the tundra (in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, the population density is 0.6 people. Per 1 km 2).

More than 90% of the population russianpretty high share ukrainians.The indigenous population of the northern regions entsainhabited Yamalo-Nenetsky A.O. On average, nationality live khantyand mansi.The indigenous population of the mountains (south of Western Siberia) - the peoples of the Turkic language group - Altai, Shorts,in areas, border with Kazakhstan, live kazakhs.

As a result of the industrial development of the district, the proportion of the urban population (71%) increased. The major cities of the West Siberian district are located mainly at the points of intersection by the railways of shipping rivers. Especially stand out Novosibirsk and Omsk ("Millionaire City"). Many cities rose in the development of mineral resources, wood processing and agricultural products. In a highly-ribanized Kemerovo region (87%), the city is located mainly along the railway line.

In recent years, the urban population has noticeably increased in the middle of the Priobye and in the north of the district (the urbanization coefficient in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District is 91%). Modern cities grew here:

Nadym - on the basis of the petroleum deposit of the bearish;

Urengoy - near the Urengoy Gas field, etc. Western Siberia is beneficial to the security of labor resources , As a favorable factor of economic development.

16.2. The economic specialization of the area.

Specialization sectorsfarms of Western Siberia are :

Fuel industry (oil production, gas, coal);

Metallurgy;

Chemistry and petrochemistry;

Mechanical engineering;

Grain farm.

Thanks to the large-scale development of natural resources, Western Siberia has become the main base of Russia for the extraction of oil and gas, and in recent years and the basis of the financial sustainability of the country. About 90% of the total Russian gas and 70% of oil are produced in the West Siberian Economic Area.

Oil produced here, high quality, and its price is the lowest in the country. Oil and gas are locked in loose sedimentary rocks at a depth of 700-3000 m.

The largest oil depositswhich, in turn, is the main source of income of all Russian exports in the Tyumen region: Self-Self; Ust-Balykskoe; Surgut.

On the basis of oil and gas, as well as the forest industry in Western Siberia formed West Siberian TPK (territorial production complex) of the oil and gas chemical and woodworking industry.

In the south of Western Siberia created Kuznetsko-Altai TPK . Specialization of TPK enterprises at the coal industry (Kuzbass) and metallurgy.

One of the problems of the TPK district - Oil and gas fields are aging, mining falls, and the issue of disposal of fitting water from them becomes particularly significant. For example, 1 million tons of product are produced on Samotlore daily, 1 million tons of product: 50 thousand tons - the oil itself, and 950 thousand tons of "water with drops of oil" (according to the expression of I.I. Survey) pumped back to the subsoil. The most important of the tasks of researchers is the search for objects where water can be buried without prejudice to the ecology. In 2008 For the first time in Russia, a license was obtained for underground burial solid waste. The task of scientists is the geological support of applications for license.

At the same time, the oil and gas complex is not only the basis of the competitiveness of the region, but at the same time the source of risks for its development in the future. The high degree of dependence of the base sector from the global prices for hydrocarbon prices creates additional problems, since the sustainable socio-economic development of the region, primarily its northern territories, also depends on external destabilizing factors. The south of the region is more resistant to conjunctural changes in the energy market, although for the enterprises of the southern zone of the TEK region, it acts as a consumer of a significant part of products manufactured and services provided.

As international experience shows further major investors in the development of oil and gas chemistry, large mining companies will be played, which organize consecutive chains of deep processing of hydrocarbons.

The largest gas deposits: Urengoyskoe; Bear; Yamburg. Now the new branch of the gas pipeline "Yamal - Europe" is laid

Kuzbass is the coal-metallurgical base of republican significance. Kuznetsky coal is consumed in Western Siberia, in the Urals, in the European part of Russia, Kazakhstan.

Main Center for Black Metallurgy- Novokuznetsk(Ferroallo Plant and 2 Full Metallurgical Cycle Factories). The Kuznetsky Metallurgical Combine uses local rudes of the mountain spuri.

Non-ferrous metallurgyrepresented by the Zinc Plant (Belov), aluminum (Novokuznetsk), plants in Novosibirsk, where tin and alloys are produced from the Far Eastern concentrates. Mastered the local Nefteinov deposit is the raw material base for the aluminum industry.

Mechanical engineeringthe district serves the needs of the whole Siberia. In Kuzbass make metal mining and metallurgical equipment, machine tools. In Novosibirsk, heavy machines and hydropressses are produced, as well as a turbogenerator plant.

Chemical industry is developing on The coking base of coal in Kuzbass produces: nitrogen fertilizers; synthetic dyes; medicines; plastics; tires.

In connection with the rapid development of oil and gas production in Western Siberia, the issue of ecology districts North of Russia. Oil fountaining, pipeline accidents lead to water pollution in rivers and lakes, damage to fish resources. Forests also suffer from people's activities. All these processes affect the decrease in the size of the territory, where the indigenous population of Western Siberia can be engaged in hunting, fishing, reindeer herding.

Agro-industrial complex. INforest and tundra area of \u200b\u200bthe area conditions for agriculture are unfavorable, and the main role here is played by reindeer and fisheries and fur fishing. South of Western Siberia (forest-steppe and steppe zone with chernozem soils) is one of the main grain areas of Russia. Here are also breeding cattle, sheep, bird. Created oil refrigerations in the forest-steppe zone. Meat processing plants, wrestromic plants - in steppe. In the Mountain Altai diluted goats and yaks.

Transport.The Great Siberian Railway Magistral - Transsib was laid at the end of the XIX - early XX centuries. The South Siberian Highway, tied the Kuzbass, Kazakhstan and Eastern Siberia, was built later, and a number of roads north were laid. The forest-free road Asino - White Yar was put into operation. Tyumen Railways - Tobolsk - Surgut, Surgut - Nizhnevartovsk are built.

Very expensive in the area costs construction road roads (Features of construction in the Eternal Merzlot area and Wetland).

High rates of development has pipeline transport. The pipelines are constructed and operate. From the places of production in the north of the district, gas pipelines were carried out. From the Urengoysh gas field, for example, a total of 6 gas pipelines with a total length of more than 20 thousand km and new highways are built.

Control questions

1. What are the features of the EGP area?

2. International sectors of the district specialization?

3. Why does an ecology question arise in the area?

4.Agroprical complex district?

5. What are the features of the transport infrastructure of the district?

Agriculture

Agriculture of Western Siberia is characterized by the production of grain, industrial crops, vegetables, potatoes, as well as the development of milk-meat cattle breeding, sheep and reindeer herding. From the grain major crops are wheat, rye, barley and oats. To increase the productivity and stability of agriculture, work is carried out on the drainage of land of the Barabinsk forest-steppe and irrigation of land in the Kulundy steppe. Alaska and Kulundy irrigation systems have been created. In addition to traditional livestock directions for Western Siberia, horses, Yakov-Sarlykov, Marals and Spotted deer are breeding in the Mountain Altai. In the south of Western Siberia engaged by camels.

Transport and Economic Ties

Transport highways of Western Siberia are distinguished by high cargo straightness. In addition to the main Siberian railway line, a South Siberian highway was built, which played a large role in the development of the production forces of Kuzbass and Altai. From her, a number of lines in the northern and southern directions were moved. Railway was built: Irtyskaya - Karasuk - stone on Obi-Altai. The new iron highway is: Tyumen - Tobolsk - Surgut - Nizhnevartovsk - Urengoy. To a large extent, inter-district and intraroneal transportation of goods of Western Siberia is carried out on the rivers of the Ob-Irtysh basin. Especially widespread development in Western Siberia received pipeline transport and power lines. Of great importance is the road - the Chuy tract, providing communication with Mongolia. For passenger and freight traffic, the value of air transport, without which it is difficult to present the implementation of regular internal and external relations.

A feature of inter-district links is the predominance of export over the importation. The area exports oil, gas, coal, sawn timber, metal, oral concentrates of non-ferrous metals, etc. Machines and equipment, food, consumer goods are imported.

Intra view differences

Kemerovo Regionit has huge natural wealth - high-quality cumulating coal, iron ores, a variety of non-ferrous metal ores, building materials, forest resources. This is the first coal base in Russia and the second after the Urals metallurgical base. The leading sectors of the market specialization of the region are coal mining, black and non-ferrous metallurgy, chemical industry and metal-machine engineering, especially the production of equipment for the sectors of specialization. In agriculture, the leading role has agriculture, which specializes in the production of grain, potatoes of vegetables, as well as livestock development of a dairy-meat direction. The largest industrial center of the region is Kemerovo. Engineering and chemical industry are especially developed in the city. The second largest industrial center - Novokuznetsk, where one of the largest Novokuznetsk metallurgical plant in Russia works, and 30 km. From him is the West Siberian Metallurgical Plant. Corrugation centers are Prokopyevsk, Kiselevsk, Anzhero-Sudzhensk, Mezhdurechensk, Leninsk-Kuznetsky. The center of non-ferrous metallurgy is Belovo.

Tyumen region - The main base of Russia for oil and gas production. It is a large timber-industrial region. The main branches of market specialization are oil-producing, gas producing, petrochemical - a large petrochemical complex has developed in Tobolsk. The industry of specialization is the forest industry. Agriculture has conditions for agriculture. Reliens are cultivated, spring wheat, oats, flax, potatoes, vegetables. Livestock specialize in breeding cattle and sheep-flowering, reindeer herding developed in the northern regions. The large industrial center is Tyumen, where mechanical engineering, woodworking, light food industry and especially petrochemistry are developed.

The city has increased with the main specialization in oil and gas - Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Nefteyugansk, Strezhevaya, Urengoy Idre.

In the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Districtthe most important sector of specialization is the oil and gas industry. Her centers are Ust-Balsk, Surgut. Shaim, Berezovo. Forest, fisheries, fur fishing are also developed. In agriculture, reindeer herding and dairy livestock occupy the most important place. Vegetables and potatoes are grown in the suburbs. County Center - Khanty-Mansiysk.

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District It has the unique gas resources, especially promising on the Yamal Peninsula and the Continental Shelf of the Kara Sea. Rich District and Oil Resources. The main sectors of the specialization are oil and gas production, the fishing industry, fur fishery, animalism and reindeer herding. County Center - Salekhard.

Tomsk Oblast Also rich in natural resources - oil, gas, iron ores, a variety of building materials, as well as forest resources with high-quality wood of such valuable wood, like spruce, pine, cedar and fir. River fishing and fur fishery are developed. Agriculture specializes in the production of such agricultural crops as rye, spring wheat, oats, vegetables, potatoes. Livestock development of dairy directions. The large industrial center of the region is Tomsk. The city developed mechanical engineering, metalworking, woodworking, chemical-pharmaceutical, rubber industries. The region is especially distinguished by a large petrochemical complex. In Asin, the largest Asian timber-critical complex was created in Western Siberia.

Altai region It is the largest agricultural base of Western Siberia and at the same time stands out by the developed industry, especially mechanical engineering, chemical industry, light and food. The mining industry, woodworking, and fur fishing were developed.

In agriculture, the leading place is occupied by farming. Spring wheat, sunflower, potatoes, vegetables are grown. The animal husbandry of the meat source is developed. Barnaul largest edge. This city develops such industries such as engineering, producing boilers, motors, mechanical presses, etc. Chemical enterprises produce rubber products, viscose and kapron fiber, etc. Received the development of the textile food industry. The center of the tractor construction is Rubtsovsk. The food industry is also well developed here. The largest industrial center is Biysk - the center of mechanical engineering and a variety of food industries.

Altai Republiccharacterized by rigorous forest resources with valuable woody rocks (cedar, pine, spruce), non-ferrous metals, especially mercury. The leading sectors of the specialization of the republic are thin-on sheep, fur fishery, non-ferrous metals, especially mercury and gold. Created by the only protected area of \u200b\u200bthe Maryloyment. From the horns of deer marals receive Pantokrin. The Republic gives 60% of all Pants and the country. Agriculture is developing. Dilsert yaks and sarlyts. Gray bread, potatoes, vegetables. Center of the Republic - Gorno-Altaisk.

Novosibirsk regionit is allocated primarily by such industries as mechanical engineering, mainly machine-tooling and energy engineering. Industries such as chemical, light industry, production of building materials are developed. The region has a highly developed agriculture, which specializes in the production of spring wheat and animal husbandry of a dairy-meat direction. Novosibirsk is the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Research multidisciplinary institutions are placed in a specially built Akademgorodok near Novosibirsk. The largest center of the region and the largest city in the population is Novosibirsk. The city hosts a number of machine-building enterprises producing generators to turbines, electric motors, metal-cutting machines, various equipment. Metal is produced at the Kuzmin Metallurgical Plant. It produces leaf steel, electric welded pipes.

Enterprises of the chemical industry, housed in the city, produce plastics, household chemicals, medicines. There are also enterprises of textile, sewing, knitwear, shoe and food industry. In the cities of Berdsk, Iskitim, the production of building materials, in Barabinsk and Kuibyshev - Mechanical Engineering and the Food Industry are developed.

Omsk Oblast Specializes in the processing of oil entering the pipeline from the Tyumen region, the chemical industry, mechanical engineering and the food industry. In agriculture, the area specializes in the cultivation of spring wheat, vegetables, potatoes and milk-and-meat animal husbandry.

The large industrial center of the region is Omsk. Just like Novosibirsk, Omsk is one of the largest cities in Russia. The city is developed in the city, which produces spare parts for tractors, cars and agricultural machines for the eastern regions of the country. Plants them. Kuibyshev and "Omskselmash" produce equipment for livestock complexes and adaptations to agricultural machinery. The oxygen engineering plant operates, the Omsk-Gazaapprat plant produces equipment for gas economy.

Chemical industry In addition to the oil refining plant produces tires, soot, synthetic rubber, fibers. Related light and food industry.

According to the peculiarities of the economic and geographical location, the nature of natural conditions and resources, on the originality of the historical development and specialization of the economy in the territory of the West Siberian Economic Area, two subarea - Kuznetsco-Altai and West Siberian can be distinguished. In the future, they can become independent major economic areas.

Kuznetsko-Altai Subarea Includes Kemerovo, Novosibirsk region, Altai Territory and the Republic of Altai. Although this subareu occupies less than 20% of the territory of Western Siberia, about 60% of the total population of the district lives in it. The Kuznetsco-Altai Subarea is distinguished by the coal, metallurgical, chemical, engineering industry, developed by the agro-industrial complex with several limited scales of logging.

In Subarea, all the extraction of non-ferrous metal ores, ores of ferrous metals, all coke production, chemical fibers, aluminum and ferroalloy production, steam boilers, railway cars, tractors are concentrated. Metal-machine engineering Kibassa is largely focused on the needs of the coal and metallurgical industry, and the engineering of the Novosibirsk region and the Altai Territory is mostly transport, energy, agricultural. The food and light industry in Kuzbass is associated with the rational use of labor resources, especially female labor, while in the Altai Territory and the Novosibirsk Region, these industries are associated with the presence of an agricultural base and the need to build industrial potential. Agriculture of the Kemerovo region is largely suburban in nature, whereas in the Novosibirsk region and the Altai Territory, agriculture is interdistrict and focused on the supply of agricultural products to other areas of the country. However, these internal differences of Subarea strengthen the economic unity of Kuzbass and Altai.

West Siberian subrayon Located within the limits of the Tyumen, Omsk and Tomsk regions. With the exception of the strip along the Trans-Siberian highway, its territory is the least mastered part of Western Siberia. At the same time, due to the presence of large and highly efficient oil, gas, forest and water resources, the process of formation of a large program-target West-Siberian territorial production complex (TPK) is accelerated. It is located in the north of the Tyumen and Tomsk regions, and its market specialization branches are oil-producing, gas, forestry, fishing industry, reindeer herding, hunting urban economy. The southern part of this subarea became the basic zone of the centers of this TPK, in which the resources of the North are processed and are manufactured for TPK necessary industrial equipment, food products.

The West Siberian Economic Area has specific environmental issues related to the placement of productive forces, especially with the development of the oil, gas and coal industry in the area, which lead to serious environmental disorders.

Especially high, the sensitivity of the ecological systems of the North of Western Siberia to the anthropogenic effects, the influence of transport, the destruction of deer pastures. All this reduces the productivity of the territory, so such an organization is necessary, which would ensure the preservation of the environment.

In the conditions of the formation and development of market relations, the conduct of economic reforms Western Siberia will retain its role in the largest fuel and energy and export base of the country. Gas, oil, coal industries play a leading role. New forms of organization and property will be allowed in the coming years to stop the decline in production in these industries and bring them to active market activities. The experience of entering the market in Western Siberia is already available. The State Gas Concern prevented not only the decline in production, but also was able to increase the capacity in Russia in the context of the crisis. Currently, the proceeding process is intensively underway and in other industries and primarily in coal and oil. As the main factors of the further development of the economy of the West Siberian district, there is a conjuncture on the global oil, gas and coal markets, as well as in the markets of the CIS countries.

The priority development of the fuel and energy complex sectors in Western Siberia will require centralized investments from the federal budget and attract foreign investment in the development of new fields of oil and gas, especially on the Peninsula of Yamal.

In the economic and geographical position, the nature of natural conditions and resources and the peculiarity of the historical development and specialization of the economy in the territory of the West Siberian Economic Area can be distinguished by two subarea - Kuznetsco-Altai and West Siberian.

Kuznetsko-Altai Subarea includes Kemerovo, Novosibirsk region, Altai Territory and the Republic of Altai. Although Subarea takes less than 20% of the territory of Western Siberia, it focuses about 60% of the entire population of the area. The Kuznetsco-Altai Subarea is distinguished by coal, metallurgical, chemical and engineering industries, a large agricultural production with several limited logging. In this subarea, all the extraction of non-ferrous metal ores, ores of ferrous metals, all coke production, chemical fibers, aluminum production and ferroalloys, steam boilers, railway cars, tractors are concentrated. Metal-machine engineering Kuzbass is largely focused on the needs of the coal and metallurgical industry. Mechanical engineering of the Novosibirsk region and the Altai Territory - mostly transport, energy, agricultural. The food and light industry in Kuzbass is associated with the rational use of labor resources, especially female labor, while in the Altai Territory and the Novosibirsk Region, these industries are associated with the presence of an agricultural base and the need to build industrial potential. Agriculture of the Kemerovo region is largely suburban in nature, whereas in the Novosibirsk region and the Altai Territory, agriculture is interdistrict and focused on the supply of agricultural products to other areas of the country. However, these internal differences of Subarea strengthen the economic unity of Kuzbass and Altai.

In Kuzbass, an industrial area was formed as part of a number of industrial nodes - Novokuznetsky, Prokopyevsk-Kiselevsky, Belovo-Leninsk-Kuznetsky, Kemerovo. In the Novosibirsk region and in the Altai Territory, the main form of the territorial organization of the industry is a separately worthwhile center. The exception is only two industrial assemblies - Novosibirsk and Barnaul-Novoaltai.

The largest cities of the Kuznetsco-Altai Subarea are Novosibirsk, located at the intersection of the main Siberian highway with Ove, Kemerovo on the river. Tom and Novokuznetsk.

IN Novosibirskdeveloped a variety of engineering. Next to the city is located Akademgorodok - Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. IN Kemerovothe chemical industry and diverse mechanical engineering is developed. Novokuznetsk -the center of black and non-ferrous metallurgy, coal mining, production of mining equipment.

Altai regionand Altai Republic -areas of pasture animal husbandry with growing non-ferrous metallurgy, logging, food and light industry. In agriculture, along with traditional industries - sheep, gooshodstvo and horse breeding was wide development. Agriculture specializes in growing gray breads, potatoes, fodder crops. Sanatorium-resort (resorts of Belokurikha, Cheal) and tourism is of great importance. Barnaul is a diverse engineering center, a chemical, light and food industry. The center of the Republic is Gorno-Altaisk.

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