Summary of the work of adolescence 5 offers. L.N.
Defense
Immediately after arrival in Moscow, Nikolyka feels the changes that happened to him. In his soul, there is a place not only to own feelings and experiences, but also compassion to someone else's grief, the ability to understand the actions of other people. He is aware of all the disadvantage of grief of her grandmother after the death of his beloved daughter, he rejoices to tears, which finds his strength to forgive her older brother after a stupid quarrel. Each, one striking for Nikolenka, the change is that he is asking for excitement, which causes a twenty-five-year-old maid Masha in it. Nicholyka is convinced of his ugliestness, envy Volodyina beauty and tries with all his might, although unsuccessfully, convince himself that a pleasant appearance cannot be all happiness of life. And Nikolyka is trying to find salvation in thoughts about proud loneliness, for which, as he thinks, he is doomed.
Grandma comes that the boys are played with gunpowder, and although this is just a harmless lead fraction, the grandmother blames in the lack of supervision of Karl Ivanich's children and insists that he is replaced by a decent governor. Nicholya is hard to survive parting with Karl Ivanch.
With the new governer-French, Nicholenki does not add relations, he himself does not mind his audacity against the educator. It seems to him that the circumstances of life are directed against him. The case with a key, which by negligence it breaks, is incomprehensible why trying to open the father's portfolio, finally removes Nicole from spiritual equilibrium. With solving that everyone specially fell against him, Nikolyak behaves unpredictably - hitting Gutener, in response to a sympathetic issue of his brother: "What is done with you?" - shouts like all the dots to him and disgusting. He is locked in a chungy and threaten to punish with rods. After a long imprisonment, during which Nikoles tormented the desperate sense of humiliation, he asks for the father of forgiveness, and convulsions are made to him. Everyone is afraid of his health, but after the twelve-hour sleep, Nicholya feels good and easily and even glad that the homemade is experiencing his incomprehensible disease.
After this incident, Nicholya more and more feels lonely, and his main pleasure becomes solitary reflections and observations. He observes the strange relationship of the maid Mask and tailor Vasily. Nicholya does not understand how such coarse relationships may be called love. The circle of thoughts of Nikoles is wide, and he is often confused in his discoveries: "I think I think about what I think, and so on. The mind for the mind came ..."
Nicholya is rejoicing the receipt of Volodya to the university and envies his adulthood. He notices the changes that occur with his brother and sisters, observes how a special tenderness appears to children, worries grandmother's death - and he insults conversations about who will get her inheritance ...
Before entering University, Nikoles remains for several months. He is preparing to the Mathematical Faculty and learns well. Trying to get rid of many flaws of adolescence, Nikolyka considers the main one of them a tendency to inaccessive clerk and thinks that this inclination will bring him a lot of harm in life. Thus, it appears attempts to self-education. People often come to Volodya - Dubkov's adjutant and student Prince Nehludov. Nicholyka is increasingly talking to Dmitry Nehhludov, they become friends. The mood of their souls seems to be the same. Constantly improve and thus correct all humanity - to such a thought, Nikolya comes under the influence of his friend, and this important discovery he considers the beginning of his youth.
"Defense" is the second part of the famous pseudo autobiographic trilogy of Lion Nikolayevich Tolstoy. In it, the reader is again found with a well-known family of IRTENEV and their surroundings - Nikolya, Volodya, Father, Teacher Carl Ivanovich, Maid Natalia and others.
During the trip in the Caucasus, the young writer Lion Tolstoy decided to create a boyfriend's livelihood named by Kolya (for home Nicollenka) Hirtienev. Displaying the main stages of the human life path, Tolstoy decided to show what the HRRETEV was in childhood, adolescence, of youth and in maturity. As we can see, at the initial plan, pseudoavtobiography was supposed to be a notebook, but in the process of creating the work the author limited himself to three parts.
The first story "Childhood" was published in 1852 and was published on the pages of the contemporary magazine, which Nicholas Alekseevich Nekrasov was supervised at that time. Two years later, in 1854, "adolescence" was published. "Youth" came out after three years, in 1857.
There is a time for the publication of relatively small works, for which some authors write for several novels. Tolstoy always treated the literary work painstakingly and meticulously grinding his texts. So, the "childhood" was rewritten by the author of four times. But when the story fell into his hands to Nekrasov, he did not take it without thinking to publish her. Especially the Commander liked "simplicity and validity of the content."
The flair, as always, did not fail Nekrasov - the Tolstovsky trilogy was warmly met by the public and criticism, opening the way to the big literature beginner prose.
"Defense" Tolstoy: Summary
Nicholya Hirtienev is an ordinary child raising a nobility family. He spent his childhood in a rustic estate, but when Nicholya dies good mother, the family of IRTENEV is forced to move to a noisy Moscow to Grandmaker.
Kohl no longer feels like a carefree rustic child. Metropolitan vanity, a new strange house, a French teacher, who was taken to replace the good Carlo Ivanovich - all this reminded that childhood ended.
Young Irtieneov overwhelm purely teenage experiences. He suffers from shyness, closets, he appears a tendency to tormenting self-analysis, during which Nikolyka comes to the conclusion that he is a ever mind and loser. Looking at the beautiful brother Volodya, the protagonist transfers its "deformity" is doubly harder.
At the same time, Kolya wants to be loved. Having lost the maternal caress, unexpectedly for himself, IRTENEV is aware that he begins to experience strange feelings in the presence of representatives of the opposite sex. He is worried about the Miloid 25-year-old maid Masha, it is very good. True, Nikoleka is still childish not understanding her novel with tailoring Vasily. Are such rough relationships can be called love?
Education in the aristocratic environment explain that the good nature of Nicholes can not say goodbye to children's egoism. From time to time, he arranges hysterics and even in a rush of anger beats his governer.
The main idea of \u200b\u200ban allegorical story is to condemn a broken and soulless society, in which honor, mind and humanity is not appreciated.
In his story, tried to remind readers that a person is an inseparable part of nature, which is merciless to those who want to separate from her civilization.
In the course of the adult, Nicholya gets used to a new life. Volodya friends, Dubkov and Nehludov come to their Moscow house. The latter becomes a friend if. Nicholya likes to talk for a long time with Dima Nehludov. It's amazing that the new Comrade told Kole such things that he never heard. Nehludov speaks of eternal self-improvement, in which every person needs, that he, Nikolyka, Volodya and that unfamiliar Mr. On the other end of the street - the owners of the world, and therefore, in their ability to change him for the better.
Nicholya feels like it becomes cleaner, better, confident in himself. He learns well and is going to enter the Mathematical Faculty. Before the entrance exams, it remains quite a bit, and then the adolescence will end, and youth will come!
The main goal, which the author pursued is to show the development of a person as a person in different periods of life. Advocate is the transition period between childhood and youth. This is the time of uncertainty, uncertainty, new frightening discoveries, rapid changes.
At the beginning, Nikolet's story appears to us with a child who was told that childhood ended. Moreover, they did it so unceremoniously that young Irtenyev did not have time to come to his senses.
Tolstoy is not afraid to show the negative sides of his hero. He knows if there is a charge of good, positive qualities in man, they will certainly take the top. For the period of adolescence, Nikolek learns to manage his emotions, be respectful, he breaks up with egocentrism, acquires independence. He learns a lot of new, in particular, the present discovery is information about class inequality. The boy was his witness since childhood, but never thought about why Pavel Kucher will spend the night in Saraj, and he, Nicholya, on a soft perina.
Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky, who was the editorial office of the "Contemporary" who printed "adolescence" called the story of the "picture of the internal movements of man." To demonstrate their most expressive, the author placed his hero in those conditions and circumstances, where his personality could manifest themselves especially brightly.
When analyzing the Tolstovsky trilogy, attention should be paid to the character of the narrator. At first glance, everything is extremely clear - the narrator is one - Nicholya HRITENEV - the narrative is conducted from the first person. However, attentive reader will notice that someone else is invisible next to Nicanya. This man is much older, more experienced, wiser. From time to time, he gives the desired connotation of the statements of the boy. This invisibility is none other than adult Nicholya.
Style of work
"Childhood. Defense. Youth "is not a diary of a small boy, but the memories of an adult, written by him in real-time format. This reception psychologically brings the reader and the main character, the presence of the second narrator gives the behavior of the assessment.
The narrative space is subordinate to the idea of \u200b\u200bthe story. With each new part, as with each new stage of life, the world of Nicholya expands. At first, his tiny universe constitutes the manor of the IRTENEV and its inhabitants. The boy is quite happy in this cozy earthly paradise.
In "adolescence", the horizon of IRTENEV is significantly expanding, in addition he is symbolically moving to Moscow. A lot of new people appear around Nicanya. At first, the changes scare a boy, but through time he begins to receive pleasure from them and with exciting impatience to wait for new changes. They are waiting for him at the university, the cradle of free youth.
The "adolescence" genre is identified as pseudoavtobiography. The prefix pseudo indicates that the history of life and its main character is fictional. Nicholes Irtenyev, exactly like the whole family, never existed. What is the then autobiographicity of "adolescence" and other parts of the trilogy?
Lero Nikolayevich was well a good sign of the Russian nobility of the XIX century. He himself belonged to the ancient aristocratic genus of Tolstoy. So all the realities of the story are the long-standing memories of the author himself, visible to them in their family and families of friends and acquaintances. The image of Nikolya is collective, but the intimate experiences are definitely belong to the tolty. Some of them can be traced on the biography of the writer. So, he wound her mother early. Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya died of genital harsh after six months after the birth of the youngest daughter Mary. Lero at that time was only two years old. Five children (Nikolai, Seryozha, Dmitry, Lev and Masha) were given to the upbringing of a far-relative, after which the orphan family of Tolstoy moved from a cozy manor in a clear Polyana to Moscow to the spoken.
Immediately after arrival in Moscow, Nikolyka feels the changes that happened to him. In his soul, there is a place not only to own feelings and experiences, but also compassion to someone else's grief, the ability to understand the actions of other people. He is aware of all the disadvantage of grief of her grandmother after the death of his beloved daughter, he rejoices to tears, which finds his strength to forgive her older brother after a stupid quarrel. Each, one striking for Nikolenka, the change is that he is asking for excitement, which causes a twenty-five-year-old maid Masha in it. Nicholyka is convinced of his ugliestness, envy Volodyina beauty and tries with all his might, although unsuccessfully, convince himself that a pleasant appearance cannot be all happiness of life. And Nikolyka is trying to find salvation in thoughts about proud loneliness, for which, as he thinks, he is doomed.
Grandma comes that the boys are played with gunpowder, and although this is just a harmless lead fraction, the grandmother blames in the lack of supervision of Karl Ivanich's children and insists that he is replaced by a decent governor. Nicholya is hard to survive parting with Karl Ivanch.
With the new governer-French, Nicholenki does not add relations, he himself does not mind his audacity against the educator. It seems to him that the circumstances of life are directed against him. The case with a key, which by negligence it breaks, is incomprehensible why trying to open the father's portfolio, finally removes Nicole from spiritual equilibrium. With solving that everyone specially fell against him, Nikolyak behaves unpredictable - hit the governor, in response to a sympathetic issue of his brother: "What is done with you?" - shouts like all the dots to him and disgusting. He is locked in a chungy and threaten to punish with rods. After a long imprisonment, during which Nikoles tormented the desperate sense of humiliation, he asks for the father of forgiveness, and convulsions are made to him. Everyone is afraid of his health, but after the twelve-hour sleep, Nicholya feels good and easily and even glad that the homemade is experiencing his incomprehensible disease.
After this incident, Nicholya more and more feels lonely, and his main pleasure becomes solitary reflections and observations. He observes the strange relationship of the maid Mask and tailor Vasily. Nicholya does not understand how such coarse relationships may be called love. The circle of thoughts of Nikoles is wide, and he is often confused in his discoveries: "I think I think about what I think, and so on. The mind for the mind came ... "
Nicholya is rejoicing the receipt of Volodya to the university and envies his adulthood. He notices the changes that occur with his brother and sisters, observes how a special tenderness appears to children, worries grandmother's death - and he insults conversations about who will come to her inheritance ...
Before entering University, Nikoles remains for several months. He is preparing to the Mathematical Faculty and learns well. Trying to get rid of many flaws of adolescence, Nikolyka considers the main one of them a tendency to inaccessive clerk and thinks that this inclination will bring him a lot of harm in life. Thus, it appears attempts to self-education. People often come to Volodya - Dubkov's adjutant and student Prince Nehludov. Nicholyka is increasingly talking to Dmitry Nehhludov, they become friends. The mood of their souls seems to be the same. Constantly improve and thus correct all humanity - to such a thought, Nikolya comes under the influence of his friend, and this important discovery he considers the beginning of his youth.
You have read the summary of the Tale of Defense. We also offer you to visit the Brief Contents section to get acquainted with the statements of other popular writers.
We draw your attention to that the summary of the Test "Defense" does not reflect the full picture of the events and characteristics of the characters. We recommend that you read the full version of the story.
In 1851, the journey of Lion Nikolayevich Tolstoy in the Caucasus took place. At this point there were fierce fighting with mountaineers, in which the writer participated without interrupting fruitful creative work. It was at that moment that the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a novel about the spiritual growth and personal development of man occurred to Tolstoy.
Already in the summer of 1852, Lev Nikolayevich sends the first story "Childhood" to his editor. In 1854, part of the "adolescence" was printed, and in three years - "Youth".
So the autobiographical trilogy was decorated, which today is included in the obligatory school curriculum.
Analysis of the trilogy of works
The main character
The plot is based on the life of Nikolai Irtenyev - nobleman from a noble kind, which is trying to gain the meaning of the existence to build the right relations with the environment. The characteristics of the main character are quite autobiographical, so the process of gaining spiritual harmony is especially important for the reader, which is parallels with the fate of Lion Tolstoy. Interestingly, the author seeks to present the portrait of Nicholas Petrovich through the points of view of other people who drive fate with the main hero.
Plot
Childhood
In the story "Childhood" Kolya Irtenyev appears a modest child who is experiencing not only joyful, but also sorrowful events. In this part, the writer maximally reveals the idea of \u200b\u200bdialectics of the soul. At the same time, "childhood" is not deprived of the strength of faith and hope for the future, because the author describes the life of a child with undisguised loss. Interestingly, there is no mention of the life of Nikoles in the parent house in the plot. The fact is that people who did not belong to his nearest family circle were influenced by the formation of the boy. First of all, it is Gutener Hirtieneva Karl Ivanovich and his housekeeper Natalia Savishna. Interesting episodes of "childhood" is the process of creating a blue pattern, as well as a game in the rowers.
Defense
The story "Defense" begins with the thoughts of the main character who visited him after the death of Mom. In this part, the character affects the philosophical issues of wealth and poverty, proximity and loss, jealousy and hatred. In this story, Tolstoy seeks to convey the idea that the analytical warehouse of the mind inevitably reduces the freshness of feelings, but at the same time does not prevent a person to strive for self-improvement. In "Adventure", the family of IRTENEV moves to Moscow, and Nikolyka continues to communicate with Gutener Karl Ivanovich, receive punishment for bad assessments and dangerous games. A separate plot line is the development of the relationship between the main character with Katya, any, as well as other Dmitry.
Youth
The final of the trilogy - "Youth" - is dedicated to attempts by the main character to get out of the labyrinth of internal contradictions. The plans of IRTENEV regarding moral development shall be treated against the background of a celebratory and petty lifestyle. The character faces here with the first love alarms, unrealized dreams, the consequences of vanity. In "Youth", the plot begins from the 16th year of the life of IRTENEV, who is preparing for admission to the university. The hero for the first time knows the joy of confession, and also faces difficulties in communicating with friends. Tolstoy seeks to show that life made the main character less sincere and kind to people. Neglecting, the pride of Nikolai Petrovich leads it to the deduction from the university. The take-offs of the attacks and falls does not end, but the IRTENEV decides to create new rules for the good of life.
Tolstoy's trilogy was implemented with an interesting compositional idea. The author does not follow the chronology of events, but the stages of the formation of the person and the turning point in fate. Lev Nikolayevich passes through the main character the basic values \u200b\u200bof the child, teenager, young men. In this book, there is a edification aspect, since Tolstoy turns to all families with a call, do not miss the most important moments of upbringing a new generation.
According to many literary criticism, this is a book about the most important role of kindness that helps a person be away from cruelty and indifference, even despite serious life tests. With the seeming ease of narrative and fascinating the plot in the Tolstoy Roman hides the deepest philosophical subtext - without hiding moments from his own life, the author seeks to answer the question of which challenges of fate have to answer a person in the process of growing up. Moreover, the writer helps the reader to decide which the answer must be given.
Series: 2 Book - Childhood - Defense - Youth
Year of the publication of the book: 1854
The second book of the trilogy of Tolstoy "Childhood - adolescence - youth" was sufficiently enthusiasticly perceived by the contemporaries of the writer. Nowadays, the story of the lion of Tolstoy "adolescence" is included in the list of school literature. Therefore, it is schoolchildren who make up the main contingent of the readers of the work. It is their interest that allows the "adolescence" to the Tolstoy to consistently take high places in the rankings of our site, and the Great Classic of World Literature take high places in.
Tale of Tolstoy "Defense" summary
After spending a long time in Chulana and very offended, Nikolyka is decided to ask for forgiveness from his father. But during this, the attack of convulsions happens to him, and only sprinkling 12 hours, he comes to himself. At the same time, all the homework worry about his health, which is in many ways flattening Nikole. Nevertheless, after this case, our main character of the story of Leo Tolstoy "adolescence" feels lonely. It is attached to observations and reflections. A special place in his observations is occupied by the maid Masha and tailor Vasily, who love each other. But Nicholya surprises, as their relationship can be called love.
Meanwhile, in the story of Tolstoy "adolescence", a brief content can be found as the elder brother of our hero enters the university. Nicholya rejoices for him and envies. At the same time, he hardly transfers the death of his grandmother and annoying his talk about inheritance. At the same time, the chief hero and soon will soon come to the university. In the story of Tolstoy "Defense" with a brief content, you will learn about how Nicolin is preparing for this not only enhanced classes, but also by self-improvement. He is trying to abandon inaccessible clarification. At the same time, he meets the friends of Volodya - Dubkov and Negoludov. Especially the main hero, I like to communicate with the latter, who claims him to think that self-improvement himself, he helps to improve and all mankind. And this thought, according to Nikolek, became its transitional stage in her youth.
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