Heroic deeds of people in our time: the exploits of our days. Courageous deeds of children

Lesson number 4

Theme : "Life is full of feats of arms"

Software content. Heroic pages from the history of our country.

The rise of patriotic feelings of Russians in the era of the wars of liberation. Examples of soldiers' heroism. Participation of the church and clergy in organizing the defense of the Fatherland.

Basic methods and techniques.

1. Searching for an answer to the question "Is it true that in the struggle for the Motherland Dmitry Donskoy was strengthened by faith in God"? Additions and generalization of the teacher about the feat of the Russian army in the Battle of Kulikovo.

2. Work with the heading "Picture Gallery": a description of the hero of the picture, a verbal portrait of Dmitry Donskoy.

Icon "Sergius of Radonezh and Dmitry Donskoy" Sergey Simakov (XX century).

Target: determine what are the main sources of spiritual and moral culture.

Lesson type: gaining new knowledge

Planned results:

Subject results:

1) expanding knowledge about the heroic pages of the history of Russia;

2) the ability to work with information presented by different means;

3) expanding the cultural experience of schoolchildren.

Personal results:

1) the ability to evaluate their actions;

2) fostering a sense of tolerance towards people of other nations and confessions;

3) the formation of aesthetic needs, values, feelings.

Metasubject results:

1) mastering the skills of semantic reading;

2) mastering the logical methods of cognition;

3) the ability to work in pairs and groups;

4) the ability to solve creative tasks.

Learning technologies: technology of the activity approach, technology of problem-dialogical learning, health-preserving technology, project technology, technology for assessing educational achievements.

Organization of space: frontal, individual, group.

Educational and methodological support and resources:

textbook N.F. Vinogradov, V.I. Vlasenko, A.V. Polyakov "Fundamentals of spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia" grade 5;

presentation;

electronic supplement to the textbook "ODNKNR".

Technological lesson map

Motivates learners to start the lesson

I see everyone is ready for serious work. Take your jobs

They greet the teachers and sit down.

2. Checking homework

Organizes homework checking work

Messages about heroes - defenders of the Fatherland

3. Updating basic knowledge

Encourages students to independently formulate the topic of the lesson and the purpose of the lesson.

Conversation with students.

In the process of getting to know the history and culture of their country, a person grows spiritually. Without knowledge about the life of the ancestors, about their exploits in the name of the Fatherland, one cannot cultivate in oneself a feeling of love for the motherland and pride in one's compatriots.

You already know that our homeland in different historical periods was attacked by enemies. In these difficult times, all peoples united in the face of a common misfortune and stood up to defend their homeland. Russia gave birth to many heroes, the memory of which we have kept for centuries. And in our time there are courageous people, real patriots who are ready to give their lives defending their land, their people.

Write down the topic of the lesson

"Life is full of feats of arms." What is the purpose of the lesson? Get acquainted with the feats of arms.

They compare and clarify their wording.

Slide number 1

4. Learning new material.

1. Let's discuss together

All children should know about this:

Once upon a time there lived a youth in this world. He prayed to God

He asked for help in teaching.

Once the youth met the Elder,

And he said: "You are light in spirit.

You will be able to study well And distinguish yourself before God. "

He became a hermit, a monk;

In the forest I fought with fear of the night,

By prayer, driving away demons,

Filling nature with light.

Over the years, he took root in the forest,

I even made friends with the bear.

I was pure in heart, I prayed a lot.

And by this he pleased God.

When they found out about Sergius,

People began to reach for him.

First the disciples-monks

They flocked to him like birds.

And so the work began to boil.

Everyone tried so hard to do the job:

To build the abode of God And to adjust life in God's way.

This is how the ascetic of Orthodoxy lived,

Showing mercy

To him the Blessed One appeared

And she promised that the Abode

The Lord will save our Almighty.

God's Word is open to people.

The path of the earthly Saint is over,

And the Reverend in eternal life

The Fatherland is praying for ours.

The body is incorruptible - His holy work lives on.

He showed us all the way

Which leads to God.

Slide number 2, 3,4,5

Who are we talking about? (About Sergius of Radonezh)

What do you know about him?

Guys, today in the lesson we will talk about an amazing and great man who glorified our land, about the famous Russian saint - Sergius of Radonezh. Information about his life has come down to us thanks toEpiphanius the Wise , which in his work "Life of St. Sergius of Radonezh" wrote about him such words: "As a bright light he shone in the Russian country in the midst of darkness and gloom." Why do you think the author calls St. Sergius "a bright luminary"?

Birth

One of the most revered saints in Russia is Sergius of Radonezh, who became famous for his exclusively peaceful exploits. He came from an impoverished boyar family that had possessions near Rostov from the parents of Cyril and Maria. Before being tonsured a monk, the monk bore the name Bartholomew, in honor of one of the 12 apostles. The date of his birth is known - May 3, 1314.

Childhood

At the age of seven, Bartholomew, together with his brothers, was sent to learn to read and write, but unlike his brothers, he did not make any progress. Once in the field, the boy saw an old man praying under a lonely oak tree. Bartholomew asked the elder to pray for him so that he could learn to read. The elder blessed the youth, and he pleased the parents by freely reading the Psalter before dinner (a collection of church hymns, according to which they taught to read and write in Ancient Rus).

Youth

Around 1328, the boy's parents moved to the small town of Radonezh, not far from Moscow. Bartholomew's brothers got married, and he, having buried his parents, decided to go to a monastery. By this time, the elder brother Stefan was widowed, and together they settled in a deep forest twelve miles from Radonezh. However, it became difficult for Stephen to live in such a desolate place, and he moved to one of the Moscow monasteries. And Bartholomew took monastic vows under the nameSergius.

Formation of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery

Gradually, other monks began to come to Sergius, wishing to serve God with their labors. The monk gladly accepted them. This is how the Sergius Monastery was conceived - the present Trinity-Sergius Lavra (in Greek, laura is a large, large monastery). "By the example of his life, the height of his spirit, St. Sergius raised the fallen spirit of his native people, awakened in him confidence in himself, in his strength, breathed faith in the future." From his generation came the founders of 150 new monasteries. They lived in small huts, cells, carried water themselves, chopped wood, cultivated a vegetable garden and prepared food. The Monk Sergius did most of the hard work, setting an example for the brethren.

Children express their opinion

Write in a notebook

Write in a notebook

Slide number 7.8

Slide number 9

6. Physical minutes

Organizes physical exercises

Children make movements to the music

Slide number 5

Continue learning new

2. Using the text about Dmitry Donskoy, compose his verbal portrait

The name "Kulikovo field" finally came into use as a battle site on September 8, 1380 only in the second half of the 15th century, and before that it was also called "Mamai-lug" or "Momay-lug". The morning of September 8 was hazy. The Grand Duke of Moscow Dmitry Ivanovich galloped over all the regiments, giving the last orders and addressing the warriors before the battle: “Fathers and brothers, for the Lord's sake, fight and the saints for the sake of churches and for the sake of Christian faith, for this death is not death to us now, but eternal life. Do not think about anything, brothers, we will not back down, and then Christ the God and Savior of our souls will crown us with victorious crowns ”. Dmitry Ivanovich himself wanted to fight on the front line, drawing the soldiers away by his personal example, and not stand behind the troops, as was customary: “... I want to be the first to be the first to be the first to be the first in word and deed, and to lay down the head in front of everyone for my brethren and for all Christians. Let others, seeing this, be desperate in their insolence. ” The battle began at about 11 o'clock in the morning with a duel between the heroes of Alexander Peresvet, a monk of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, before the tonsure - a Bryansk (according to another version, Lyubech) boyar. His opponent was the Tatar hero Temir-Murza (Chelubey). When they fell, piercing each other at the same time with spears, the troops of many thousands met. The Russian regiments withstood the first attacks. The Russian knights fought bravely, many thousands laid down their heads, but by the third hour of the day the superior forces of the enemy, it seemed, had already begun to overpower ours. Mikhail Brenok was killed, the prince's banner was cut down. The Golden Horde cavalry began to go into the rear of the Moscow army, which threatened to encircle and destroy the Russian regiments. Mamai was already jubilant, seeing this from his hill, but prematurely. Then the Reserve Regiment under the command of the Lithuanian prince Dmitry Olgerdovich entered the battle, and then the cavalry ambush regiment hiding in the forest under the command of Prince Vladimir Andreevich and the skillful commander of the boyar Dmitry Mikhailovich Bobrok-Volynsky unexpectedly stabbed the Horde soldiers who had broken through. The general offensive of the Russian army began. Mamai's best cavalry was crushed and fled, trampling down their own infantry. The emboldened Russians began to advance so quickly that Mamai barely had time to assemble the tent and carry off his feet. Mamaev's army was utterly defeated. The Russian cavalry, led by Vladimir Andreevich, nicknamed the Brave for military valor, drove Mamai about 40 km to the Krasivaya Swords River. A terrible picture of the carnage appeared before him. It seemed that the whole earth, strewn with mountains of corpses, was soaked in blood and groaned. Nobody knew where the great Moscow prince was, whether he was alive. After persistent searches, two simple warriors found the wounded prince at the edge of the forest, carefully sheltered by someone a cut birch tree. Fortunately, Dmitry Ivanovich's wounds turned out to be harmless to life (later he received the nickname "Donskoy"). The victory on the Kulikovo field was “a joy with tears in our eyes”. Presumably half of the Russian army was killed. The losses of the Horde were even greater. In the next seven to eight days, mass graves were dug and the dead were buried. Memorial services were served everywhere. There is a legend that the body of the voivode Mikhail Brenko was buried on Ugresh, in the chapel on the site of the miraculous appearance of the icon of St. Nicholas to Prince Dmitry Ivanovich. Soon a stone church was erected here, which has not survived to this day. Yes, the first monument to the heroes of the Kulikovo Bat was the church on Kulikovo Field, assembled shortly after the battle from the oaks of the Green Oak Forest, where the regiment of Prince Vladimir Andreevich was hidden in ambush. On the Red Hill of Kulikovo Field in 1848, a 28-meter cast-iron column was erected - a monument in honor of Dmitry Donskoy's victory over the Golden Horde (architect A.P. Bryullov, brother of the painter). In 1913-1918 on the Kulikovo field a church was built in the name of St. Sergei Radonezhsky. Every year the Russian Orthodox Church commemorates those who perished on the Demetrius Parental Saturday in early November. The army that won the victory on the Kulikovo field included not only ethnic Russians, but also Lithuanians who converted to Orthodoxy, as well as baptized people from the Horde who went into the service of the Russian princes. However, in their consciousness, these people were precisely Russian. Victory in the Battle of Kulikovo is a triumph of Russian weapons and the Russian spirit. It opened the way not only to liberation from the Tatar-Mongol yoke, but also to the unification of the Russian lands, to the creation of the Russian state and, in the future, Russia.

Verbal portrait V The Great Prince of Moscow Dmitry Ivanovich (1350-1389) went down in Russian history as the conqueror of Mamai, the holy prince Dmitry Donskoy, a statesman who laid the foundation for a united and independent Russia. In the unification of Russia, Dmitry Donskoy relied on the Orthodox Church, the help of the spiritual leaders of the Russian land. Dmitry Ivanovich founded the Nikolo-Ugreshsky monastery. During the years of his reign, monasteries were opened in Moscow, Serpukhov, Kolomna and other places of the Moscow principality. Among the closest associates of Dmitry Ivanovich was the rector of the Trinity Monastery, Sergius of Radonezh, who blessed the Russian army before the legendary battle on the Kulikovo field. In 1988, the Grand Duke of Moscow Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy was canonized by the Local Cathedral of the Russian Orthodox Church.

For the curious p.27-28 of the textbook "About Tsarevich Kasim"

Are the heroes of different nations similar?

What qualities do they have in common?

Output

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Working in pairs

7. Reflection.

Today I learned ...

I will tell my parents about ... ..

I remembered…

Take turns answering questions.

Slide No.

8. Homework

Displays homework on a slide

Write down your homework in your journal.

Using reference books and the Internet, prepare a presentation about Dimitri Donskoy or Sergius of Radonezh.

Write down homework in diaries.

Slide No.

* Features of the organization of project activities:

1) Unite in groups and choose a leader;

2) Analyze the proposed themes and collectively choose a theme for the project.

3) Distribute responsibilities in the group: search for information; selection of illustrative material; development of presentation composition; analysis and evaluation of the selected material; preparation of the text of the presentation; selection of speakers.

Pravoslavie.fm is an Orthodox, patriotic, family-oriented portal and therefore offers the readers' attention the top 10 amazing feats of the Russian army. The top does not include [...]

Pravoslavie.fm is an Orthodox, patriotic, family-oriented portal and therefore offers the readers' attention the top 10 amazing feats of the Russian army.

The top does not include single exploits of Russian soldiers like Captain Nikolai Gastello, sailor Pyotr Koshka, soldier Mercury of Smolensky or Staff Captain Pyotr Nesterov, because with the level of mass heroism that the Russian army has always distinguished, it is absolutely impossible to determine the top ten soldiers. They are all equally great.

The places in the top are not distributed, since the described feats belong to different eras and it is not entirely correct to compare them with each other, but they all have one thing in common - a vivid example of the triumph of the spirit of the Russian army.

• The feat of the squad Evpatiy Kolovrat (1238).

Evpatiy Kolovrat is a native of Ryazan, there is not much information about him, and they are contradictory. Some sources say that he was a local governor, others a boyar.

News came from the steppe that the Tatars were marching on Russia. Ryazan was the first on their way. Realizing that the Ryazan people had little of their own for the successful defense of the city, the prince sent Evpatiy Kolovrat to seek help in the neighboring principalities.

Kolovrat left for Chernigov, where he was overtaken by the news of the devastation of his native land by the Mongols. Without hesitating a minute, Kolovrat with a small squad hurriedly moved towards Ryazan.

Unfortunately, he found the city already ravaged and burned down. Seeing the ruins, he gathered those who could fight with an army of about 1700 people rushed in pursuit of the entire horde of Batu (about 300,000 soldiers).

Having overtaken the Tatars in the vicinity of Suzdal, he gave battle to the enemy. Despite the small size of the detachment, the Russians managed to crush the Tatar rearguard with a surprise attack.

Batu was very stunned by this frantic attack. Khan had to throw his best parts into battle. Batu asked to bring Kolovrat to him alive, but Evpatiy did not surrender and bravely fought with an outnumbered enemy.

Then Batu sent an envoy to Evpatiy to ask what the Russian soldiers want? Evpatiy answered - "just die"! The battle continued. As a result, the Mongols, who were afraid to approach the Russians, had to use catapults and, only in this way, they were able to defeat Kolovrat's squad.

Khan Batu, struck by the courage and heroism of the Russian soldier, gave the body of Evpatiy to his squad. For their courage, Batu ordered the rest of the soldiers to be released without harming them.

The feat of Evpatiy Kolovrat is described in the Old Russian "The Tale of the Ruin of Ryazan by Batu".

• Suvorov's crossing over the Alps (1799).

In 1799, Russian troops that participated in the battles with the French in Northern Italy as part of the Second Anti-French Coalition were recalled home. However, on the way home, the Russian troops were to provide assistance to the Rimsky-Korsakov corps and defeat the French in Switzerland.

For this, the army was led by Generalissimo Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov. together with a wagon train, artillery and wounded made an unprecedented crossing over the alpine passes.

In the campaign, Suvorov's army fought across Saint Gotthard and the Devil's Bridge and made the transition from the Reuss Valley to the Muten Valley, where it was surrounded. However, in the battle in the Muten Valley, where she defeated the French army and got out of the encirclement, after which she crossed the snow-covered, inaccessible Ringenkopf (Paniks) pass and went through the city of Chur towards Russia.

During the battle for the Devil's Bridge, the French managed to damage the span and to overcome the abyss. under fire, Russian soldiers tied the boards of a nearby shed with officers' scarves and went into battle over them. And while overcoming one of the passes, in order to knock the French down from a height, several dozen volunteers, without any climbing equipment, climbed a steep cliff to the top of the pass and hit the French in the rear.

In this campaign, under the command of Suvorov, the son of Emperor Paul I, Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich, participated as an ordinary soldier.

• Defense of the Brest Fortress (1941).

The Brest Fortress was built by the Russian military in 1836-42 and consisted of a citadel and three fortifications that protected it. Later, it was modernized several times, became the property of Poland and again returned to Russia.

By the beginning of June 1941, units of two rifle divisions of the Red Army were located on the territory of the fortress: the 6th Oryol Red Banner and the 42nd rifle division and several small units. In total, by the morning of June 22, there were about 9,000 people in the fortress.

The Germans decided in advance that the Brest Fortress, standing on the border with the USSR and therefore chosen as one of the objects of the first strike, would have to be taken only by infantry - without tanks. Their use was hampered by forests, swamps, river channels and canals that surrounded the fortress. The German strategists took the 45th division (17,000 men) no more than eight hours to capture the fortress.

Despite the surprise attack, the garrison gave the Germans a tough rebuff. The report said: “The Russians are fighting fiercely, especially behind our attacking companies. In the Citadel, the enemy organized a defense with infantry units supported by 35-40 tanks and armored vehicles. The fire of Russian snipers led to large losses among officers and non-commissioned officers. " Within one day on June 22, 1941, the 45th Infantry Division only lost 21 officers and 290 lower ranks in killed.

On June 23, at 5:00, the Germans began shelling the Citadel, while trying not to hit their soldiers trapped in the church. On the same day, tanks were used against the defenders of the Brest Fortress for the first time.

On June 26, on the North Island, German sappers blew up the wall of the school building for political personnel. 450 prisoners were taken there. The Eastern Fort remained the main focus of resistance on the North Island. On June 27, 20 commanders and 370 fighters from the 393rd Anti-Aircraft Battalion of the 42nd Infantry Division, led by the commander of the 44th Infantry Regiment, Major Pyotr Gavrilov, were defending there.

On June 28, two German tanks and several self-propelled guns returning from repair to the front continued to fire at the Eastern Fort on the North Island. However, this did not bring visible results, and the commander of the 45th division turned to the Luftwaffe for support.

On June 29 at 8:00 a German bomber dropped a 500-kilogram bomb on the Eastern Fort. Then another 500-kilogram and finally 1800-kilogram bomb was dropped. The fort was practically destroyed.

Nevertheless, a small group of fighters headed by Gavrilov continued to fight in the Eastern Fort. The major was captured only on 23 July. Residents of Brest said that until the end of July or even before the first days of August, shooting was heard from the fortress and the Nazis brought their wounded officers and soldiers from there to the city where the German army hospital was located.

However, the official date of the end of the defense of the Brest Fortress is considered July 20, based on the inscription that was found in the barracks of the 132nd separate battalion of the NKVD escort troops: “I am dying, but I am not surrendering. Goodbye, Motherland. 20 / VII-41 ".

• Campaigns of Kotlyarevsky's detachments during the Russian-Persian wars of 1799-1813.

All the exploits of the detachments of General Pyotr Kotlyarevsky are so amazing that it is difficult to choose the best one, so we will present them all:

In 1804, Kotlyarevsky with 600 soldiers and 2 guns fought back for 2 days in the old cemetery from 20,000 soldiers of Abbas Mirza. 257 soldiers and almost all of Kotlyarevsky's officers were killed. There were many wounded.

Then Kotlyarevsky, wrapping the wheels of the cannons with rags, made his way through the besieging camp at night, took by storm the nearby fortress of Shah-Bulakh, knocking out a Persian garrison of 400 people from there, and sat down in it.

For 13 days he fought off a corps of 8000 Persians besieging the fortress, and then at night he lowered guns along the wall and left with a detachment to the fortress Mukhrat, which he also took by assault, knocking out the Persians from there, and again prepared for defense.

To drag the cannons through the deep ditch during the second crossing, four soldiers volunteered to fill it with their bodies. Two were crushed to death, and two continued their march.

In Mukhrat, the Russian army came to the rescue of the battalion of Kotlyarevsky. In this operation and during the capture of the Ganzha fortress somewhat earlier, Kotlyarevsky was wounded four times, but remained in the ranks.

In 1806, in a field battle at Honashin in 1644, Major Kotlyarevsky's fighters defeated the 20-thousandth army of Abbas Mirza. In 1810, Abbas Mirza again marched against Russia with troops. Kotlyarevsky took 400 huntsmen and 40 horsemen and set out to meet them.

“Along the way,” he stormed the Migri fortress, defeating a 2,000-strong garrison, and captured 5 artillery batteries. After waiting for 2 companies of reinforcement, the colonel took a battle with 10,000 of the Shah's Persians and forced him to retreat to the Araks River. Taking 460 infantry and 20 mounted Cossacks, the colonel destroyed the 10-thousand detachment of Abbas-Mirza, having lost 4 Russian soldiers killed.

In 1811, Kotlyarevsky became a major general, crossing the impregnable ridge with 2 battalions and a hundred Cossacks and seizing the Akhalkalak fortress by storm. The British sent the Persians money and weapons for 12,000 soldiers. Then Kotlyarevsky went on a campaign and took by storm the fortress Kara-Kakh, where military warehouses were located.

In 1812, in a field battle at Aslanduz, 2,000 Kotlyarevsky's soldiers with 6 guns defeated the entire army of Abbas Mirza of 30,000 people.

By 1813, the British rebuilt the Lankaran fortress for the Persians according to the advanced European models. Kotlyarevsky took the fortress by storm, having only 1759 people against a 4-thousandth garrison and during the attack almost completely destroyed the defenders. Thanks to this victory, Persia asked for peace.

• The capture of Izmail by Suvorov (1790).

The Turkish fortress Izmail, which covered the Danube crossings, was built by French and English engineers to the Ottomans. Suvorov himself believed that it was "a fortress without weak points."

However, having arrived on December 13 near Izmail, Suvorov spent six days actively preparing for the assault, including training the troops to storm the models of the high fortress walls of Izmail.

Near Izmail, in the area of ​​the present village of Safyany, in the shortest possible time, earthen and wooden analogs of the ditch and walls of Izmail were built - the soldiers trained to throw a moat with a fascinator, quickly put up ladders, after climbing the wall, they quickly chopped and chopped the effigies installed there, imitating defenders.

For two days, Suvorov conducted artillery training with field guns and cannons of the rowing flotilla ships, on December 22 at 5:30 in the morning the assault on the fortress began. Resistance in the streets of the city lasted until 16:00.

The attacking troops were divided into 3 detachments (wings), 3 columns each. A detachment of Major General de Ribas (9,000 men) attacked from the river side; the right wing under the command of Lieutenant-General PS Potemkin (7,500 people) was to strike from the western part of the fortress; the left wing of Lieutenant-General A. N. Samoilov (12,000 people) - from the east. The cavalry reserves of Brigadier Westphalen (2,500 men) were on the land side. In total, Suvorov's army numbered 31,000 people.

Turkish casualties totaled 29,000 killed. 9 thousand were taken prisoner. Of the entire garrison, only one person survived. Slightly wounded, he fell into the water and swam across the Danube on a log.

The losses of the Russian army amounted to 4 thousand people killed and 6 thousand wounded. All 265 guns, 400 banners, huge supplies of provisions and jewelry worth 10 million piastres were captured. M. was appointed commandant of the fortress. I. Kutuzov, in the future a famous commander, the winner of Napoleon.

The conquest of Ishmael was of great political importance. It influenced the further course of the war and the conclusion in 1792 of the Yassy Peace between Russia and Turkey, which confirmed the annexation of Crimea to Russia and established the Russian-Turkish border along the Dniester River. Thus, the entire northern Black Sea region from the Dniester to the Kuban was assigned to Russia.

Andrey Segeda

In contact with

« Great people of feat of arms "

and
Intellectual KTD dedicated to the Day

NS asport KTD:

Time spending

(musical introduction sounds - P.I.Tchaikovsky First Piano Concerto with an orchestra, after the chord introduction the music dies down, against the background of the music, the fifth-graders recite poetry)

More than once in the history of the country
Clouds were gathering over Russia.
It used to be that our land was burned
Enemies, to Russia, bursting in by force.

And now it seems the end -
The whole earth was stained with blood,
But the funeral groan of hearts
The great spirit of Russia was awakening.

So it happened already in Russia:
Captivity is worse than a terrible death.
And it's better to die in the heat of the struggle,
Than a slave spirit, loss of honor.

Both old and young stood in a row,
And, sipping the wine with his lips,
Having driven fear into the depths of his soul,
We went into mortal combat in the fight against enemies.

And not sparing the belly,
We were saving Mother Russia.
Clearing the land of the enemy,
Worldly affairs will call again.

And the land will be plowed,
The bread in the fields will be pricked up.
The fluff will be thrown to the ground by the poplar,
The bread will be removed - and the time to marry.

This is how Mother Russia lives,
There are endless spaces around.
Trouble will come and the Rat will rise,
Forgetting squabbles and strife.

Russia - I share my life with you,
And it is a matter of honor for us to be together.
I cry and sing with you
We are together in trouble and joy!

Leading (teacher) - Our country has always been a country with a huge historical culture, and our history is rich in examples of great military exploits. How many difficult turning points in the history of Russia! But she survived! But she not only withstood, but also won! And of course, the merit in this of the great people of military exploits -

LOOK AT THE SCREEN. ABOUT THESE GREAT PEOPLE WE WILL SPEAK TODAY.

(photographs and reproductions of portraits are shown, instrumental music sounds)

Leading – 4 teams will fight for the right to be called the most erudite team! Meet the team 5 "A" class, commander - Ivan Novichkov! (applause)

- Vladislav Komshin leads Team 5 "B" to victory! (Applause)

I represent the 5 "B" class team and its commander Yegor Burlakov! (applause)

If the captain's name is Hikmet Zarbaliev, it means that the team of 5 "G" class is participating in the KTD! (applause)

The work of the teams and the results of the competitions will be monitored by our jury. I represent the refereeing team:

(introduced by jury members)

V traveling - We check the readiness of the teams, the equipment of the gaming tables. And we start KTD! First competition "Portrait". Determine whose portrait it is. On the tables are cards with numbers from 1 to 6. I name the heroes of our KTD, each portrait has a number, you have to determine under which number the portrait of this or that person is. The jury monitors the work of the teams. The maximum number of points is 6 that a team can earn.

(1 competition is held, after which slides with correct answers are shown)

V traveling - The second competition - "War Feat". Attention, task! On the screen, the names of people of great military feat in the history of our country. And next to it is the name of the battles and battles. Determine which battles or battles these people participated in. There are nameplates on the gaming tables, I call a historical event, and you have to lift the nameplate from the hero.

The correct answer is 1 point, the maximum number of points is 6.

(2 competition is held, after which slides with correct answers are shown)

Leading - The next competition is “The Fifth Step”. I will ask 5 questions about one of the heroes of our evening. 1 is the most difficult. If you find out who we are talking about, raise the signal card. The correct answer is 5 points. The second hint is easier, for it - 4 points. So to the last - the simplest hint. For her - 1 point.

About G.K. Zhukov:

1 - he began his labor activity first as an apprentice, then as a furrier master.

2 - commanded in battles on the Khalkhin-Gol River in Mongolia.

3 - was born into the family of a poor peasant in the Kaluga province.

4 - since 1915 in the army, participated in the First World War.

About F.F. Ushakov:

1 - He was elected head of the militia of the Tambov province

2 - in the battle at Fidonisi defeated the superior forces of the Turks

3 -Died on his estate and was buried in the Sinakar Monastery

4 - Graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps

5 - At the beginning of the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1781. - Commander of the battleship "St. Paul"

About M.I. Kutuzov:

1 - headed the extraordinary Russian embassy in Constantinople

2- Participated in the storming of Ishmael, commanded a column

3 - In 1801 - 1802 was the military governor of St. Petersburg.

4 - During the Battle of Austerlitz, he managed to save the retreating Russian troops from complete defeat

5 - In 1774, during the Russian-Turkish war, near Alushta he was seriously wounded in the temple and right eye.

(3 contests are held, after which slides with correct answers are shown)

Leading - The turn of the "Strong Link" competition has come. This is a competition for captains. The captain reads the information, retells it to the team. The team determines who is in question. But you only have 1 minute to read the text! The captain does not participate in the discussion! For the correct answer, the team gets 2 points.Captains, please get envelopes with texts!

(The captains are handed the text)

Text:

When it became known that the Moscow boyars were helping the enemy and handing over Russia, an unprecedented excitement arose among the people. People were indignant and indignant. And then letters began to circulate through the cities and regions with an appeal to all residents to defend the Motherland and expel its enemies. These calls were sent from the Trinity Lavra - the very monastery that Sergius of Radonezh once founded. They were written by monks, who with all their hearts wanted a speedy deliverance from the invaders. The diplomas were read in public places with a huge crowd of people. Those who listened to them by themselves clenched their fists, their eyes lit up with anger.

One such letter fell into the hands of one resident of Nizhny Novgorod. He read the letters and lost his peace. Now the thought constantly burned him: how to help the motherland, how to save it?

He was not a military man, although at one time he served in the royal regiments. He ran a butcher shop and traded. He was no longer young.

He understood: in order to drive out the enemies, large military forces, a lot of weapons will be needed. All this required a lot of money. Where can I get them?

And he decided to call a cry to his fellow countrymen from Nizhny Novgorod, to say a passionate word.

(A 4th competition is held, after which slides with the correct answer are shown)

V traveling - Contest "Contemporaries". Identify contemporaries - people who lived in the same historical era with our heroes. I will name 3 surnames, the team must determine who is not a contemporary and raises a plate with the answer number. The number plates are on your tables. The maximum number of points that can be earned is 5!

(5th competition is held, after which slides with correct answers are shown)

Leading - All competitions of collective creative work "Great people of military exploit" are over. During the competition, each team and spectators had the opportunity to check the correctness of their answers, probably not everyone succeeded in calculating the scores on their feet, therefore - the word of the jury!

(The jury sums up the results, awards certificates to the teams, the winning team prizes - books on the history of Russia, all are awarded certificates of the KTD participant)

Fifth-grader readers climb onto the stage

1 - At all times, the unity of the people has been and will be the main national idea for our country.

2 - The unity of the people is what connects our past, present and future.

3- In the most difficult times for the Motherland, it was the unity of the people that made it possible to overcome the turmoil, defeat the enemy and open the way to the well-being of the Fatherland.

4 - Therefore, it is so important to preserve historical traditions and respect the culture of people of different faiths and beliefs, speaking different languages

1 - Let us always remember that we, Russians, are one people with a common historical destiny and a common future.

2 - Let's work together for the welfare of our homeland.

3 - We are all united by Russia, and may our love for the Fatherland serve the common good!

4 - Everything passes. The Motherland remains -

Something that will never change.

They live with her, loving, suffering, rejoicing.

Falling and rising up ...

And a lot more will be passed,

Kohl is calling for the path to come.

But the feelings of the Motherland are brighter and purer

People will never find.

Leading –

Russia - united, mighty, boundless, hospitable - stretches out the hand of friendship and opens its arms to all fraternal peoples and good neighbors, to all who wish to live peacefully on earth! And on the eve of the Day of National Unity, I wish everyone the very best, bright and beautiful! Until next time!

(songs are played about Russia, the Motherland, classes leave the assembly hall)

They say that in the past year there were too many tragic events, and there is almost nothing good to remember on the New Year's Eve. Constantinople decided to argue with this statement and collected a selection of the most prominent of our compatriots (and not only) and their heroic deeds. Unfortunately, many of them accomplished a feat at the cost of their own lives, but the memory of themselves and their actions will support us for a long time and serve as an example to follow. Ten names that thundered in 2016 and should not be forgotten.

Alexander Prokhorenko

A special forces officer, 25-year-old Lieutenant Prokhorenko, was killed in March near Palmyra while carrying out the task of directing Russian aviation strikes against ISIS militants. He was discovered by terrorists and, being surrounded, did not want to surrender and caused fire on himself. He was awarded the title of Hero of Russia posthumously, and a street in Orenburg was named after him. Prokhorenko's feat aroused admiration not only in Russia. Two French families donated awards, including the Legion of Honor.

Farewell ceremony for the hero of Russia, who died in Syria, Senior Lieutenant Alexander Prokhorenko in the village of Gorodki, Tyulgansky District. Sergei Medvedev / TASS

In Orenburg, where the officer is from, he left a young wife, who after the death of Alexander had to be hospitalized in order to save the life of their child. In August, her daughter Violetta was born.

Magomed Nurbagandov

Magomet Nurbagandov, a policeman from Dagestan, and his brother Abdurashid were killed in July, but the details became known only in September, when a video of the execution of policemen was found on the phone of one of the liquidated militants of the "Izberbash criminal group". On that unfortunate day, the brothers with their schoolchildren were relaxing in nature in tents, no one expected an attack by bandits. Abdurashid was killed immediately because he stood up for one of the boys, whom the bandits began to insult. Muhammad was tortured before his death, because his documents were found as a law enforcement officer. The purpose of the bullying was to force Nurbagandov to renounce his colleagues on record, to recognize the strength of the militants and to urge the Dagestanis to leave the police. In response to this, Nurbagandov turned to his colleagues with the words "Work, brothers!" The enraged militants could only kill him. President Vladimir Putin met with the brothers' parents, thanked them for their son's courage and awarded him the title of Hero of Russia posthumously. The last phrase of Mohammed became the main slogan of the outgoing year and, one can assume, for years to come. Two young children were left without a father. Nurbagandov's son now says that he will become only a policeman.

Elizaveta Glinka

Photo: Mikhail Metzel / TASS

The resuscitator and philanthropist, popularly known as Doctor Lisa, has done a lot this year. In May, she took out children from Donbass. 22 sick children were rescued, the youngest of whom was only 5 days old. These were children with heart disease, oncology, congenital diseases. Special treatment and support programs have been created for children from Donbass and Syria. In Syria, Elizaveta Glinka also helped sick children and organized the delivery of medicines and humanitarian aid to hospitals. During the delivery of another humanitarian cargo, Doctor Lisa died in the crash of a Tu-154 aircraft over the Black Sea. Despite the tragedy, all programs will continue. Today for the guys from Lugansk and Donetsk a New Year's party will take place ...

Oleg Fedyura

Head of the Main Directorate of the Russian Emergencies Ministry for the Primorsky Territory, Colonel of the Internal Service, Oleg Fedyura. Press service of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations in the Primorsky Territory / TASS

Head of the Main Directorate of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Primorsky Territory, who showed himself during natural disasters in the region. The rescuer personally visited all the flooded cities and villages, led search and rescue operations, helped evacuate people, and he himself did not sit idly by - he has hundreds of such events on his account. On September 2, together with his brigade, he went to another village, where 400 houses were flooded and more than 1000 people were waiting for help. Crossing the river, KAMAZ, in which Fedyura and 8 other people were, fell into the water. Oleg Fedyura saved the entire personnel, but then he could not get out of the flooded car and died.

Lyubov Pechko

The entire Russian world learned the name of the 91-year-old female veteran from the news on May 9. During the festive procession in honor of Victory Day in Slavyansk occupied by Ukrainians, the column of veterans was pelted with eggs, doused with brilliant green and sprinkled with flour by the Ukrainian Nazis, but the spirit of the old warriors could not be broken, no one was out of action. The Nazis shouted insults, in occupied Slavyansk, where any Russian and Soviet symbols were prohibited, the situation was extremely explosive and could turn into a massacre at any moment. However, the veterans, despite the threat to their lives, were not afraid to openly put on medals and St. George's ribbons; after all, they did not go through the war with the Nazis to frighten their ideological followers. Lyubov Pechko, who participated in the liberation of Belarus during the Great Patriotic War, splashed brilliant green right in her face. The pictures, in which traces of brilliant green are wiped from the face of Lyubov Pechko, flew around social networks and the media. The sister of an elderly woman died of the shock. She saw the abuse of veterans on TV and suffered a heart attack.

Danil Maksudov

In January of this year, during a strong snowstorm, a dangerous traffic jam was formed on the Orenburg-Orsk highway, in which hundreds of people were blocked. Ordinary employees of various services have shown heroism, taking people out of the ice captivity, sometimes endangering their own lives. Russia remembered the name of police officer Danil Maksudov, who was admitted to the hospital with severe frostbite due to the fact that he gave a jacket, hat and gloves to those who needed it more. After that, Danil spent several hours in a blizzard helping to get people out of the congestion. Then Maksudov himself ended up in the emergency traumatology department with frostbitten hands, it was about amputation of fingers. However, in the end, the policeman began to recover.

Konstantin Parikozha

Russian President Vladimir Putin and Orenburg Airlines' Boeing 777-200 crew commander Konstantin Parikozha, awarded the Order of Courage, during the presentation of state awards in the Kremlin. Mikhail Metzel / TASS

A native of Tomsk, the 38-year-old pilot managed to land a liner with a burning engine, in which there were 350 passengers, including many families with children and 20 crew members. The plane flew from the Dominican Republic, at an altitude of 6 thousand meters a clap sounded and the cabin was clouded with smoke, panic began. During the landing, the landing gear of the aircraft also caught fire. However, thanks to the pilot's skill, the Boeing 777 was successfully landed and none of the passengers were injured. Parikozha received the Order of Courage from the hands of the President.

Andrey Logvinov

The 44-year-old commander of the Il-18 crew, which crashed in Yakutia, managed to land the plane without wings. They tried to land the plane to the last and in the end they managed to avoid casualties, although both wings of the plane broke off when it hit the ground and the fuselage collapsed. The pilots themselves received multiple fractures, but despite this, according to rescuers, they refused help and asked to be the last to be evacuated to the hospital. “He succeeded in the impossible,” they said about the skill of Andrey Logvinov.

Georgy Gladysh

On the morning of February, the rector of the Orthodox church in Krivoy Rog, Priest George, as usual, rode home from the service on a bicycle. Suddenly he heard screams for help from a nearby body of water. It turned out that the fisherman fell through the ice. The priest ran to the water, threw off his clothes and, having made the sign of the cross, rushed to help. The noise attracted the attention of local residents, who called an ambulance and helped pull the already unconscious retired fisherman out of the water. The priest himself refused the honors: " It was not me who saved it. God decided this for me. If I were traveling by car, and not by bicycle, I simply would not have heard the cries for help. If I began to think whether to help me a person or not, I would not have time. If the people on the shore had not thrown the rope at us, we would have drowned together. And so it all happened by itself"After the feat, he went on to perform church services.

Yulia Kolosova

Russia. Moscow. December 2, 2016. Russian Presidential Commissioner for Children's Rights Anna Kuznetsova (left) and Yulia Kolosova, winner in the Children Hero category, at the awards ceremony for the winners of the VIII Constellation of Courage All-Russian Festival on Safety and Rescue of People. Mikhail Pochuev / TASS

A Valdai schoolgirl, despite the fact that she herself is only 12 years old, she was not afraid to enter a burning private house when she heard the screams of children. Julia took two boys out of the house, and already on the street they told her that there was one more little brother left inside. The girl returned to the house and carried a 7-year-old baby in her arms, who was crying and was afraid to go down the stairs shrouded in smoke. As a result, none of the children was hurt. " It seems to me that in my place any teenager would do this, but not every adult, because adults are much more indifferent than children.", - says the girl. Caring residents of Staraya Russa raised money and presented the girl with a computer and a souvenir - a mug with her photograph. The schoolgirl herself admits that she did not help for the sake of gifts and praise, but she, of course, was pleased, because she is from a poor family - Yulia's mother is a salesman, and her father works at a factory.

Days of military glory of Russia

(about the Days of Military Glory of Russia)

Be proud of the glory of your ancestors

Not only is it possible, but it should be.

A.S. Pushkin

The history of Russia is rich in significant events. In all centuries, heroism, courage of the soldiers of Russia, the power and glory of Russian weapons have been an integral part of the greatness of the Russian state. In addition to military victories, there are events worthy of being immortalized in the people's memory.

The days of the glory of Russian weapons - the days of military glory (victory days) of Russia were established to commemorate the glorious victories of the Russian troops, which played a decisive role in the history of Russia, and memorable dates in the history of the Fatherland associated with the most important historical events in the life of the state and society.

Without knowing the past of your country, you can neither understand, not evaluate the present day, imagine the future. Historical memory is a great strength, moral and cultural. The battle on Lake Peipsi, Kulikovo field, Borodino, Stalingrad - they have remained forever in the historical memory of our Motherland. As symbols of great victories, as the embodiment of the people's anger against the invaders who encroached on their native lands. And today the memory of the Russian soldier lives on as the most courageous, fearless, honest and loyal to the Fatherland.

In the bibliographic manual "Days of Russian Glory" we would like to briefly talk about each of the Days of Russian Military Glory.

The Days of Russian Military Glory will help to turn to the distant past, study and understand the history of the Motherland and become the main topics of many events. Therefore, the manual also includes a list of the most interesting scenarios on a patriotic theme.

April 18 - Day of the victory of Russian soldiers of Prince Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipsi

(Battle on the ice, 1242)

The Swedish and Teutonic knights-conquerors invaded Northern Russia from the west. Alexander Nevsky set up his squad against the Livonian Order on the ice of Lake Peipsi. The battle for many hours, which received the name "Battle on the Ice", ended with the glorious victory of Russian arms and the defeat of the knights-crusaders.

September 21 - Day of the victory of Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380)

Russia! Don't look for another word.

There is no other fate in the whole world.

You're all - a continuous field of Kulikovo.

For many hundreds of years.

V. Firsov

The Battle of Kulikovo in 1380 is the most important event in the history of medieval Russia, which largely determined the further fate of the Russian state. The battle on the Kulikovo field served as the beginning of the liberation of North-Eastern Russia from the yoke of the Golden Horde and forever entered the history of Russia. The victory on the Kulikovo field is associated, first of all, with the name of Prince Dmitry Donskoy, who appears before us in the image of the defender of Russia and the great commander.

On September 6, 1380, the Russian army approached the Don at the confluence of the Nepryadva River. The place where the army of the Grand Duke was located was called the Kulikovo field. It had the shape of a horseshoe formed by Don and Nepryadva flowing into him. The ends of the horseshoe were facing south. From there came Mamai's army, blocking the gap between the ends of the horseshoe. On September 8, in the dense predawn fog, the Russian army began to deploy into battle formation. In total, six regiments were lined up: Sentry, Frontline, Bolshoi, Right and Left hand regiments and Ambush.

The battle began around noon. The Tatars hacked and crushed the advanced regiments and entered the line of the main Russian forces. The most intense place of the battle was the center of the Great Regiment. The Horde attacked him so violently that they almost tore him in two halves. Attacks and counterattacks gave way to a continuous oncoming battle, for because of the crowds there was nowhere to retreat.

The Russian infantry fell like hay mowed. Blood poured like water, the warriors died under their hooves and suffocated from the crowding. The ambush regiment, led by Vladimir Serpukhovsky and Dmitry Volynsky, with fury and terrible force struck the Horde who had broken through in the back and side. Skillful and experienced warriors beat the enemy with spears, cut with swords. A panicky flight of the Horde began. Mamai, watching the battle from a high hill, fled.

November 7 - Day of the military parade on Red Square in the city of Moscow to commemorate the twenty-fourth anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution (1941)

On November 7, 1941, in Moscow, on Red Square, to commemorate the 24th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, the traditional parade of the troops of the Moscow garrison took place. Opening the solemn procession, the cadets pass by the Mausoleum in a clear and even formation. Everything is as before the war, but now the young men are wearing not ceremonial, but marching uniforms, and the pouches are filled with live ammunition. There are troops of the NKVD of the USSR, infantry battalions, rifle units. Commanders and political workers are clearly marching ahead. Concluding the solemn procession, extermination battalions, formed from the workers of the city of Moscow, pass by the Mausoleum. The cavalry is entering the square. Machine-gun carts rush behind the squadrons with a crash. Motorized infantry is passing by. Completing the march of military equipment, the square was filled with tanks. The parade ended with the passage of the tanks. The troops that participated in the parade on Red Square, after the parade, returned to their usual combat missions - combat training, building defensive lines, protecting Moscow's airspace, and performing garrison and guard duty in the capital. A military parade unparalleled in history had a tremendous impact on strengthening the moral and political state of the Soviet people and its Armed Forces.

July 10 - Day of the victory of the Russian army under the command of Peter the Great over the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava (1709)

In 1700, Russia began its age-old struggle for the forcibly taken away from it the Baltic lands. This struggle lasted two decades and was called the Northern War (1700-1721). On November 18, 1700, Karl approached the Russian positions and with a surprise attack put the Russian regiments to flight.

But the genius, energy and will of Peter the Great had already changed the situation: a new Russian army stood before the Swedes, with new artillery, weapons and new uniforms. In the spring of 1707, the Swedish army began to move from Saxony to Poland, and it was no longer a secret for anyone that Charles's immediate goal would be a march to Moscow. Karl's attempts to open his way to Moscow by force failed. In early April 1709, he concentrates his army at Poltava. On July 10, 1709, the Battle of Poltava took place, which ended in a complete victory for the Russian army. As a result of the battle, the Swedish land army virtually ceased to exist.

August 9 - Day of the first in Russian history naval victory of the Russian fleet under the command of Peter the Great over the Swedes at Cape Gangut (1714)

The interests of Russia and its allies demanded an early end to the war with Sweden, which continued to dominate the sea. Therefore, the center of hostilities was moved to the Baltic. The campaign of 1714 was first launched by the Swedish fleet. By April 25, Swedish ships took up positions near the Gangut Peninsula. And the Russian squadron was waiting for the moment when the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland would be free of ice. On July 23, one and a half thousand soldiers began to lay the flooring in the narrowest part of the peninsula in order to drag light galleys from its eastern side to its western one and thereby confuse the enemy. This action thwarted, the original plan of the Swedes, who intended to attack the Russian ships right in the bay. Russian ships began an active attack on the Swedish fleet. Under continuous fire, the Russian ships, skillfully maneuvering, swiftly and stubbornly advanced forward. Several Russian galleys came close to the galleys of the left flank of the Swedish line and grappled with them. A fierce boarding battle began. The Russian victory was complete. The Gangut victory marked a major turning point in the war at sea. The strongest Swedish fleet, fanned with the glory of past successes, suffered a serious defeat at the hands of a very young Russian fleet.

December 24 - Day of the capture of the Turkish fortress Izmail by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov (1790)

During one of the Russian-Turkish wars (1787-1791), the Russian troops under the command of General-in-Chief A.V. Suvorov showed courage during the storming of the Izmail fortress on December 24, 1790.

Built under the leadership of French and German engineers, the Izmail fortress was considered impregnable. It was defended by a 35,000-strong garrison with 265 guns. The assault, which was preceded by a lengthy artillery preparation, began at 5 o'clock. 30 minutes. And ended at 16 o'clock with the capture of Ishmael and the complete destruction of the garrison. The Turks lost 26 thousand people killed, 9 thousand captured, all the artillery, 345 banners, the Russians - 4 thousand people killed and 6 thousand people wounded. The capture of Izmail allowed the Russian troops to gain a foothold in the lower reaches of the Danube. The fall of the fortress of Izmail forced Turkey to make peace with Russia.

September 11 - Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of F.F. Ushakov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Tendra (1790)

The Battle of Tendra Island was the final in a series of naval battles given by the Russian fleet during the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791. The Russian squadron under the command of F.F.Ushakov, significantly inferior in ships and artillery to the Turkish squadron, utterly defeated the enemy.

September 8 - Day of the Borodino battle of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French army

(1812)

After the military campaigns of 1805, 1806 and 1807, unsuccessful for the Russian army, the French emperor Napoleon began to dispose of Europe as at home. For the invasion of Russia, Napoleon prepared a huge army, called the Great. In the strategic plan of Napoleon, Moscow became the main operational direction. On the night of June 11-12, French troops began to cross the Neman to Russian soil. In the area of ​​the village of Borodino, the commander-in-chief of the Russian army M.I.Kutuzov decided to give a general battle to Napoleon. On September 6, both sides prepared for battle. French troops shouting "Long live the emperor!" rushed to the offensive. Seven times the French attacked the flushes, but each time their attacks crashed against the fortitude and courage of the Russian soldiers. In the last, eighth, attack, Napoleon threw 45 thousand people, supporting them with 400 guns. A real massacre began. It seemed to Napoleon that victory was already in his hands. All that remained was to break the resistance in the center and take possession of the Kurgan battery, for which "a fierce and terrible battle" had been going on for a long time. However, by this time, Kutuzov was convinced that the bulk of the French troops was against the Russian center and the left flank, and decided to carry out sabotage on the enemy's left flank. At about 0930 hours, Kutuzov dispatched a cavalry corps to sabotage the French left flank in order to draw off some of their forces from the Russian left flank. The suspension of enemy attacks for two hours allowed the Russian command to pull up reserves, regroup forces and prepare for further defense. After restoring the position on his left flank, Napoleon renewed the attacks of the Raevsky battery and, at the cost of heavy losses, managed to capture it. Attempts to break through the Russian front at the Semyonovsky ravine were unsuccessful - the Russian guards regiments, under drumming, moved on the enemy cavalry and knocked it over with bayonets.

By 18 o'clock, the attacks of the French had ceased along the entire line. The Borodino field after the battle presented a terrible picture. Thousands of those killed lay in heaps. For the first time in decades of wars, Napoleon saw a field where, in 10 hours of battle, almost 100 thousand people died on both sides. For the first time they did not carry trophy banners to him, did not lead the prisoners, for the first time they did not hear victorious clicks and flattery.

December 1 - Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of P.S. Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop

(1853)

The Russian people endured a new ordeal during the Crimean War of 1853-1856. It was a war between the coalition of Turkey, England, France, on the one hand, and Russia, on the other, which sought to defend its economic and political interests in the Black Sea and to strengthen its influence in the Balkans. On the Black Sea, the Russian fleet blocked the forces of the Turkish fleet. In Sinop Bay (December 1, 1853), the squadron under the command of PS Nakhimov, thanks to the heroism and training of Russian sailors, naval skill, decisive and proactive actions of the ship commanders, destroyed the Turkish squadron. This was the last major battle of the sailing era. The Crimean War ended with the so-called Paris Peace, under which Russia lost the right to have a fleet in the Black Sea. But the Russian people always found the strength not to lose heart, to repulse the enemy and not to surrender.

In 1914, the First World War began. In 1917, the autocratic system was overthrown. The young socialist state defended its ideals and the new social system from the attacks of internal and external counter-revolution.

During the week from 18 to 24 February 1918, the question of the fate of the socialist state was being decided. At the peace talks in Brest-Litovsk, Germany and its allies presented the Soviet delegation with harsh, predatory peace conditions, and made it clear that if they were rejected, hostilities would resume. Young socialist Russia did not accept such conditions. In response, the German-Austrian troops launched an offensive along the entire front and within a week advanced more than 200 km deep into Soviet territory, capturing a significant part of Ukraine, Belarus and the Baltic states. The remnants of the old Russian army retreated hastily and in disorder, abandoning artillery, ammunition, and equipment. On February 23, 1918, a general mobilization was announced in the country, there was a massive enrollment of volunteers in the Red Army, and combat detachments were formed. The troops of the capital's garrison and the Baltic Fleet were put on alert. On the same day, after engaging in stubborn battles with German divisions in certain sectors of the front, a part of the Red Army received the baptism of fire. Therefore, February 23, 1918 - the day when the Red Army showed itself on the battlefields - went down in the history of our Motherland as the birthday of the Soviet armed forces.

December 5 - Day of the beginning of the counter-offensive of Soviet troops against the German-fascist troops in the battle near Moscow (1941)

The Battle of Moscow lasted for a total of about seven months (September 30, 1941 - April 20, 1942) and was the largest battle in the Second World War by that time. On both sides, more than 3 million people took part in it, up to 3 thousand tanks, more than 2 thousand aircraft, St. 22 thousand guns and mortars.

During the counteroffensive near Moscow, forces of the Western (commander - Colonel General G.K. Zhukov), Kalininsky (commander - Colonel General I.S.Konev) and Bryansk (commander - Colonel General Ya.T. Cherevichenko) fronts to the group armies "Center" was dealt a crushing blow. 38 Nazi divisions were defeated. Especially heavy losses were suffered by enemy tank formations, which were assigned a decisive role in the war.

As a result of the counter-offensive and the general offensive, the enemy was thrown back to the west by 150-400 km, the threat of seizing Moscow and the North Caucasus was eliminated, and the position of Leningrad was eased. Were liberated from the invaders Moscow, Tula, partly a number of other regions, the Kerch Peninsula, as well as over 60 cities. The disruption of the blitzkrieg and the defeat of the German fascist troops in the battle of Moscow marked the beginning of a radical turning point in the war.

February 2 - Day of the defeat of the Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad (1943)

On February 2, 1943, the offensive operation of the Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad ended. During the counteroffensive at Stalingrad, the troops of the South-West (commanded by Lieutenant General N.F. Vatutin), Stalingrad (commander -

Colonel General A.I. Eremenko) and Donskoy (commander -

K. K. Rokossovsky) of the fronts, repulsed the attempt of the German Army Group Don, to free the troops encircled in Stalingrad and inflict a crushing defeat. The remnants of the 6th German army (91 thousand people), led by the commander, Field Marshal F. Paulus, surrendered on February 2, 1943. The total enemy losses in the Battle of Stalingrad amounted to 1.5 million people. This victory made a decisive contribution to the development of a radical turning point in the war.

August 23 - Day of the defeat of the Nazi German troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Kursk (1943)

To carry out the operation near Kursk, which received the name "Citadel", the enemy concentrated: 50 divisions, incl. 16 tank, Army Group Center and Army Group South; over 900 thousand people, about 10 thousand guns and mortars, up to 2,700 tanks and assault guns and more than 2 thousand aircraft. An important place in the enemy's plan was assigned to the massive use of new military equipment - the Tiger and Panther tanks, and new aircraft.

The offensive of the German fascist forces against the northern and southern faces of the Kursk salient, which began on July 5, 1943, was opposed by the Soviet command with a solid active defense. On July 12, Soviet troops, having exhausted the enemy, launched a counteroffensive. On this day, in the vicinity of the Prokhorovka railway station, the largest oncoming tank battle of the Second World War took place (up to 1200 tanks and self-propelled guns on both sides). Developing the offensive, the Soviet ground forces, supported from the air by massive strikes of two air armies and long-range aviation, by 23 August threw the enemy back to the west by 140-150 km, liberated Oryol, Belgorod and Kharkov.

The Wehrmacht lost 30 elite divisions in the Battle of Kursk, including 7 tank divisions, over 500 thousand soldiers and officers, 1.5 thousand tanks, more than 3, 7 thousand aircraft, 3 thousand guns. The victories at Kursk and then in the battle for the Dnieper completed a radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War and became a determining factor in the turning point of the Second World War.

In their plans for a war against the USSR in 1941, the leaders of Germany attached particular importance to the capture of Leningrad. Already on the night of June 23, 1941, enemy aircraft bombed Leningrad for the first time. The flames of war came close to the city on the Neva. In this extremely difficult and dangerous situation, the construction of fortifications around Leningrad began. Unable to capture Leningrad with a frontal blow, the fascist troops made an attempt to close a second ring around it in order to cut a narrow strip of water space of Lake Ladoga, which was used to supply the population of the huge city, the troops of the front and the navy. The fascist German command decided to crush the defenders of Leningrad with a blockade, barbaric shelling and bombing from the air. The shelling always began suddenly, and when people went to work or returned home at the end of their shift, when the streets were filled with people, the enemy opened a hurricane of fire. The siege put in an extremely difficult situation the supply of the city with weapons, equipment, ammunition, fuel, electricity, raw materials, food. A decision was made to reduce the grain rates. The hunger was aggravated by the onset of severe frosts (up to -30 C). All this has sharply increased the mortality rate among the population of the city. There was only one way out - the construction of a winter road on the ice of Ladoga, which was called the Road of Life. It delivered ammunition, food, industrial equipment, material and cultural values ​​were evacuated to the rear of the country. On January 18, 1943, by the forces of the 1st separate battalion of the 123rd rifle brigade of the Leningrad Front and the 1st battalion of the 1240th regiment of the 372nd rifle division of the Volkhov front, the southern coast of Lake Ladoga was cleared of enemy troops, thereby breaking the blockade of Leningrad, and restored direct land connection between the city and the country. On January 27, 1944, the blockade of Leningrad was completely and irrevocably lifted. In honor of the heroic

For the defenders of Leningrad, a belt of Glory with a length of more than 200 kilometers was created around the city (this was the perimeter of the blockade ring).

May 9 - Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945

(1945 year)

The Soviet Army had to carry out a liberation mission in the countries of Eastern Europe and destroy fascism in its lair - Berlin.

By mid-April 1945, on the Soviet-German front, the main groupings of German fascist troops were defeated, almost all of Poland, Hungary, eastern Czechoslovakia and Austria with its capital Vienna were liberated. The last decisive battle lay ahead - for Berlin.

In the early morning of May 1, the Red Banner flew over the defeated Reichstag; on May 2, the Nazi garrison of Berlin capitulated. On May 9, Soviet troops liberated Prague, the capital of Czechoslovakia, which had rebelled against the occupiers. The war in Europe is over.

Late in the evening of May 8, in a specially prepared hall of the military engineering school in Karlshorst, representatives of the German High Command signed the "Act of Military Surrender".

On Victory Day, May 9, 1945, Moscow, on behalf of the Motherland, saluted the Red Army troops, units and ships of the Navy in 30 artillery volleys from a thousand guns on behalf of the Motherland in honor of the event that will forever remain in the memory of generations of Russians and all mankind. Our people have accomplished an unparalleled feat - they withstood and won a brutal bloody war.

The period after the death of Tsar Ivan the Terrible in 1584 and until 1613, when the first sovereign from the Romanov dynasty, Mikhail Fedorovich, reigned on the Russian throne, went down in history as the Time of Troubles. The country was ruled in turn by the son of the Terrible Fyodor Ivanovich, the former oprichnik of the Terrible Boris Godunov, then False Dmitry I, who was actually a minor nobleman from Galich. After the murder of the impostor in May 1606, as a result of a boyar conspiracy, Vasily Shuisky, a representative of the ancient boyar family, became king. But he was overthrown in July 1610, and the country was ruled by a boyar government - the Seven Boyars, headed by Prince Fyodor Mstislavsky.

Faced with the threat of a new impostor, False Dmitry II, coming to power by force, the Boyar Duma offered the Russian throne to the son of the Polish king Sigismund III, Vladislav. At their invitation, an eight-thousandth Polish army entered Moscow. In March 1611, an uprising broke out in Moscow against the Poles. But on the second day, the Poles suppressed the uprising.

In the fall of 1611, the popular movement for the liberation of Moscow and the entire country rose with renewed vigor. Nizhny Novgorod became its center. Local merchant Kuzma Minin played an important role in organizing the people's militia. Dmitry Pozharsky was invited to lead the hostilities.

After a series of battles, the people's militia stormed Kitay-Gorod. On November 4, 1612, the militia formed by Prince Pozharsky and the townspeople headman Minin liberated the Kremlin from the Polish invaders.

Scripts

Abdrashitova, N. G. “Guys, your peers, go to battle”: a literary and musical composition about pioneer heroes / N. G. Abdrashitova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2005. - No. 7. - S. 15-18.

Avakyan, T. G. “Why did you, the war, stole their childhood from the boys? ..”: literary composition / T. G. Avakyan // Reading, learning, playing. - 2007. - No. 3. - P. 50- 54.

Arkhipova, I. Yu. Glory to our Fatherland !: script of the historical and poetic hour / I. Yu. Arkhipova, S. M. Danilenko // Reading, learning, playing. - 2006. - No. 4. - P. 4-8

Bichevaya, E. V. "To a mortal battle for our land ...": an evening of historical portraits / E.V. Scourge // We read, learn, play. - 2000. - No. 7. - S. 52-60.

Bobrova, L. V. "Hussars are dashing knights ...": an evening of honor dedicated to the officers of Russia, the heroes of 1812 / L. V. Bobrova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2000. - No. 7. - S. 40-51.

Bobrova, L. V. Wait for me, and I will be back ...: a literary and musical composition based on letters from the front / L. V. Bobrova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2003. - No. 2. - P. 25.

Bobrova, L. V. “Fidelity to distant courage, keeping ...”: scenario of a school holiday dedicated to Victory Day / L. V. Bobrova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2007. - No. 3. - S. 45-49.

Burlaka, L.V.Hours of history: cognitive game for separate periods of history / L.V. Burlaka // Reading, learning, playing. - 2005.- No. 11. - S. 57 - 61.

Buyacheva, O. Yu. On the roads of the Great Patriotic War: literary and musical composition / O. Yu. Buyacheva // Reading, learning, playing. - 2000. - No. 2. - S. 19-25.

The Great Patriotic War in fiction: the fate of authors and works // Reading, learning, playing. - 2000. - No. 2. - S. 30-32; 39-41.

Vershinin, R. Great feat on the Volga: a thematic evening dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the Battle of Stalingrad / R. Vershinin // News in the world of libraries. - 2003. - No. 4.

Voronicheva, O. We were not spared by a hard battle: literary-musical evening-meeting / O. Voronicheva // Library. - 2003.- No. 2.- P. 75.

Gorshkova, N. V. "To be proud of the glory of their ancestors ... should be": a scenario of an educational game by February 23 / N. V. Gorshkova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2005. - No. 12. - S. 4-10.

Davydova, M. A. Petrovsky military fun: a theatrical conversation / M. A. Davydova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2002. - No. 8. - S. 36-38.

Davydova, M. A. Serve faithfully - I don’t worry about anything: exciting contests for the Defender of the Fatherland Day / M. A. Davydova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2003. - No. 11. - S. 27-29.

Davydova, M. A. Serve faithfully - I don’t worry about anything: exciting contests / M. A. Davydova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2003. - №11. - S. 27-29.

Degtyareva, O. V. Bow, Russia !: an evening dedicated to the Defender of the Fatherland Day / O. V. Degtyareva // Reading, learning, playing. - 2002. - No. 8. - S. 4-11.

Demchenko, I. Salute and Glory to the Anniversary of Forever Memorable Day: Musical and Poetic Hour to the Day of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. / I. Demchenko // Library. - 2007. - No. 3. - S. 75-77.

Efremova, N. I. The muses were not silent: a literary and musical evening / N. I. Efremova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2000. - No. 2. - S. 51-56.

Zaikova, G. A. "On the glory of those times": a literary and musical composition about the Battle of Kulikovo / G. A. Zaikova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2000. - No. 4. - S. 4-9.

Zarkhi, S.B. - 2007. - No. 6. - S. 17-26.

Zozulya, L. A. "Oh, war, what have you done, mean ...": literary and musical composition / L. A. Zozulya // Reading, learning, playing. - 2006. - No. 4. - S. 33-35.

Zolotareva, T. He shared the feelings of the heart between the Fatherland and God: the script of a literary and musical evening dedicated to the life and feat of arms of Prince Alexander Nevsky / T. Zolotarev // Patriot of the Fatherland. - 2006. - No. 5. - S. 38-41.

Kovalevskaya, E.V. - 2000. - No. 1. - P. 4-9

Kovalenko, N. M. The Cruel Truth of War: Literary and Musical Composition / N. M. Kovalenko // Reading, Learning, Playing. - 2004. - No. 3. - P. 12-17.

Kolesnikova, L. A. "Your harsh story ...": a musical and historical evening dedicated to the era of the Time of Troubles / L. A. Kolesnikova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2006. - No. 10. - S. 78-83.

Kochurova, SN In the memory of generations: a literary and musical composition dedicated to the Great Victory / SN Kochurova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2005. - No. 8. - S. 39-45.

Kuznetsova, T. M. Bow with all your heart !: intellectual game / T. M. Kuznetsova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2006. - No. 12. - P. 10-16.

Loginova, LB “I remembered all the past ...”: a literary and musical evening for June 22 - the Day of Remembrance and Sorrow / LB Loginova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2006. - No. 4. - S. 26-32.

Lukashin, S. N. Spring March: the script of the festive concert dedicated to Victory Day / S. N. Lukashin // How to entertain the guests. - 2007. - No. 2. - S. 39-42.

Malgin, A.S. Glory to the warrior - the defender !: material for May 9 / A.S. Malgin // Reading, learning, playing. - 2007. - No. 3. - S. 41-44.

Malygin, A. S. Valor and heroism of Soviet soldiers: a conversation about the Second World War / A. S. Malygin // Reading, learning, playing. - 2004.- No. 1.– P. 4-10.

Malygin, A.S. The victorious stage of the war: about the Yassk-Kishenev strategic offensive operation in 1944 / A.S. Malygin // Reading, learning, playing. - 2003. - No. 11. - P. 4.

Malygin, A.S. The crushing of the "Eastern Wall": the battle for the Dnieper is 60 years old / A.S. Malygin // Reading, learning, playing. - 2003. - No. 7. - P. 4.

Maslakova, M. "There will be ships for sea": a tournament for experts in the history of the Russian fleet / M. Maslakova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2003.-№ 5. - P. 29-35.

Mishchenko, A.V. The sacred war: an evening of reflections on the 60th anniversary of the Battle of Stalingrad and the Kursk Bulge / A.V. Mishchenko // Reading, learning, playing. - 2003. - No. 2. - P. 4.

Nazvanova, N. V. Let the magic dreams come true that they dreamed sometime in the forty-fifth ...: a theatrical evening dedicated to Victory Day / N. Nazvanova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2007. - No. 3. - S. 55-58

Nikulsky, A.E. Panfilov's soldiers: material for preparing a lesson and a dramatic sketch for the 65th anniversary of the defeat of Nazi troops near Moscow / A.E. Nikulsky // Reading, learning, playing. - 2006. - No. 11. - S. 54-60.

Oparina, N. A. Immortality: a literary and musical composition dedicated to the memory of the heroes of the Young Guard / N. A. Oparina // Reading, learning, playing. - 2005. - No. 9. - S. 40-45.

Osipova, G. F. "Bow to the land, harsh and beautiful!": A literary and musical evening dedicated to the 65th anniversary of the beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad / G. F. Osipova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2007. - No. 5. - S. 37-40.

Osipova, R. M. Near the walls of the Brest Fortress: a history lesson for young readers / R. M. Osipova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2001. -№ 3. - S. 4.

Osipova, R. Remember, this city is Leningrad. Remember, these people are Leningraders: a lesson in memory / R. Osipova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2002. - No. 1. - P. 18.

Petrova, S. V. Inextinguishable fire of memory: material for a conversation about the Great Patriotic War / S. V. Petrova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2003. - No. 11. - P. 12.

Petrova, S. V. In besieged Leningrad: the blockade of Leningrad / S. V. Petrova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2003. - No. 8. - S. 4-22.

Poleva, N. Yu. The feats of arms of our great-grandfathers: the scenario of a theatrical event for the Defender of the Fatherland Day / N. Yu. Poleva // Reading, learning, playing. - 2006. - No. 12. - S. 4-9.

Prosekova, O. A. Day of Ilya Muromets and all heroes: a festive competition in honor of the Defender of the Fatherland Day / O. A. Prosekova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2005. - No. 12. - S. 16-18.

Raldugina, N.I. What an immeasurable weight fell on women's shoulders !: a literary and musical composition about the Second World War / N.I. Raldugina // Reading, learning, playing. - 2003. - No. 12. - P. 4.

Ryazantseva, L. M. A line cut off by a bullet ...: a literary and musical composition for high school students / L. M. Ryazantseva // Reading, learning, playing. - 2000. - No. 2. - S. 42-45.

Ryazantseva, L. M. The name lit up with a star: a literary and musical composition dedicated to the memory of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya / L. M. Ryazantseva // Reading, learning, playing. - 2005. - No. 12. - P. 19.

Fishing, S. V. Salute to the defenders of the Fatherland !: scenario of an event dedicated to Victory Day / S. V. Fishing // Reading, learning, playing. - 2006. - No. 3. - S. 33-35.

Sazonova, T. A. My poetry, you are from the trench ...: musical and poetic composition / T. A. Sazonova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2000. - No. 2. - P. 46-50.

Sazonova, T. I will not violate the fidelity of the trench ...: scenario for the 55th anniversary of the Great Patriotic War / Library. - 2000. - No. 4. - P. 60.

Sviyazova, A. I. About the past for the future: an educational journey into the history of the Fatherland / A. I. Sviyazova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2006. - No. 7. - S. 58-62.

Sergeeva, N. Eh front-line track !: literary and artistic evening-meeting with veterans / N. Sergeeva // Library.-2000.- № 5. - P. 69.

Silyutin, S. I fight, I believe, I love ...: a literary evening dedicated to the heroes of the Second World War / S. Silyutin // Reading, learning, playing. - 2003. - No. 3. - P. 27.

Scarupo, S. B. "Swords thundered like heavenly thunder": a lesson-composition dedicated to Dmitry Donskoy / S. B. Scarpo // Reading, learning, playing. - 2004. - No. 11. - S. 30-35.

Tarasova, E. G. Hero-cities: an oral journal script / E. G. Tarasova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2004. - No. 4. - S. 4-16.

Tariko, L. A. “I can never forget ...”: a literary evening dedicated to the defense of Leningrad / L. A. Tariko // Reading, learning, playing. - 2004. - No. 3. - S. 18-23.

Khomchenko, O.S. These days will not cease glory: a historical quiz / O.S. Khomchenko // Reading, learning, playing. - 2006. - No. 12. - S. 23-26.

Cherednichenko, T. A. You saved the Motherland in the battle: a poetry evening for the battle on the Kursk Bulge and the Dnieper / T. A. Cherednichenko // Reading, learning, playing. - 2003. - No. 5. - P. 4 - 6.

Chernyshova, V.P. Shtyk and pen: a literature review for youth / V.P. Chernyshova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2000. - No. 2. - S. 26-29.

Shatilova, V. Front-line poets ... the war rhymed your lives ...: scenario for Victory Day / V. Shatilova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2002. - No. 1. - P. 4.

Shelamova, G.N. In the footsteps of courage and resilience: oral journal / G.N.Shelamova // Reading, learning, playing. - 2003. - No. 11. - S. 20-26.

Shulzhenko, T. N. Glory to you, soldier !: Memorial evening for the Defender of the Fatherland Day / T. N. Shulzhenko // Reading, learning, playing. - 2003.- No. 11. - S. 8-11.

The bibliographic manual "Days of Russian Glory" reflects information about the Days of Military Glory in Russia. The manual includes a list of the most interesting scenarios on a patriotic theme.

M., 1973. Horoshkevich A. L. ... stories"(7, 38). Against it Pushkin strongly objected. “Vega and Calderon endure every minute in all parts ... PUSHKIN ABOUT THE DRAMATURGY OF CLASSICISM IN RUSSIA AND IN THE WEST Russian tragedy xviii century was In eyes Pushkin... Gogol Russian state, his...