Private projects of flights to Mars. Human colony on Mars

Mars One is the Netherlands project of the irretrievable expedition to Mars. According to the organizers, in 2023, a group of four volunteers will go on the Red Planet and will remain there forever, earthlings will observe the life of colonialists in a realistic show format. It is immediately stated that on earth and red planet absolutely different living conditions, and the one who visited Mars can no longer be able to exist here. The return of the crew is commemorated task. Some scientists have already stated that they consider the coming expedition by mass suicide.

Photo: www.mars-one.com.

Nevertheless, 200 thousand people from all over the world were applied for participation in the expedition. 52 Russians took place in the second round. AiF.Ru spoke with applicants for participation in the mission about why they are going to leave the earth forever.

Photo: www.mars-one.com.

Ilya Khramov: "Gagarin flew, and I can"

Tolyattine Ilya Khramov passed the first qualifying round for the Mars One project. Of the 200 thousand applicants, only 1058 people chose. Engineer-designer AvtoVAZ is not afraid that he may never see the land anymore, and it is confident that in ten years it will be one of the first colonizers of the Red Planet.

Ilya temples. Photo: AiF-Samara / Ksenia Zheleznov

25-year-old Ilya Khramov will already recognize the townspeople. On the Communist Street, he greets the resident of Togliatti and says that he is not familiar with him, but most likely the man saw him on TV.

"The media overcomes me, call every day. As soon as it became known that 1058 people took place in the second round of Mars One, among them 52 Russians, including me, the phone does not cease, "says Ilya.

In May, Ilya saw information about the set of colonialists for Mars and one of the first residents of Russia placed his video on the Mars One site. The contestants had to convince the organizers why they should fly to the Red Planet, to prove that they have a sense of humor and then tell about themselves.

Ilya temples. Photos from a personal archive

The candidate for Mars colonizers shows the video, which they removed with the other. In the header-Ushanka and the Telnyashka Ilya in English, he is joking, which can not be doubtful, he is real Russian, because that's all in Russia and dress up.

Frame from a competitive video. Photo: Screenshot from site

"I put a questionnaire and a motivational letter in which I made my psychological portrait. He sent everything, looked that more than 200 thousand people participate, and, frankly, did not hope to continue to pass, "Ilya recognizes.

Competitive video Ilya Khramova

In early January, Togliatti was no longer doubted in his desire to leave the Earth's planet forever and go to the unknown planet. An email for a young man came a letter in which it was confirmed that he successfully passed the first qualifying round and should prepare for the next stage - the passage of the medical commission and personal interview.

Letter from the organizers of the Mars One project. Photo: AiF-Samara / Ksenia Zheleznov

"I saw a letter and think, everything, there is no way back. I will do everything in order to go through all the qualifying tours. I have no doubt that I will successfully pass the medical examination, "says Ilya. "I already took a vacation to have time to prepare all the documents for the second round." I have perfect vision, sports physique and, besides, I do not drink and do not smoke. For the interview, too, is ready, I own speaking English. "

"Bring a magnet"

Ilya shows a faded photo on which he is three years old. Blue-eyed baby sits on mom's hands. This picture of the young man will definitely take with him on Mars. About your participation in the project Mars One Son immediately told his mother in Lada Yurevna.

"Mom skeptically refers to my desire to fly to Mars. She will not even seriously perceive this, laugh at me. Without much joy, tells, on what channel I was shown again, "Ilya confesses.

Before Ilya, Mom's Photo. Photo: AiF-Samara / Ksenia Zheleznov

The temples say that from early childhood he was brought up on fantastic literature. Houses on the bookshelf are the books of Kira Bulychev and the Strugatsky brothers. From the army Togliatti brought many works of the science fiction writer Sergey Lukyanenko, who constantly reread.

"I always damn the future and an unknown in the literature, and the possibility of flying to Mars is the incarnation of a dream and step to the future. I do not want to glorify through this project, it is more important for me to change my life. Yuri Gagarin and Neil Armstrong were not afraid to fly, so I'm not scary, "the participant of the Mars One project is explained to Cosmos. The temples are not afraid that he will not return, he is ready for such fate.

Ilya with friends. Photo from a personal archive

Friends support Ilya, although they admit that before their friend has not yet passed the first round, they did not believe in his success. Someone tried to dissuade, asked to stay, because they would be bored. Now they write to him: "Bring a magnet from Mars" or "You know, I would come out with a good boroughmomet, take me with me."

A friend calls a friend, Ilya says that he will call back and tells about how to live without people close to him.

"On Mars will have the opportunity to communicate with people close to me, so I will not feel lonely there. To do this, in 2018, two satellites will be launched, which will communicate between astronauts and the earth, "says Ilya. - In case of overpopulation of the Earth, I think that someone from loved ones can fly to me, I am a loan place. "

In case of overpopulation of the Earth, Ilya will wait on Mars Mama. Photo: AiF-Samara / Ksenia Zheleznov

Responsibilities of colonizers

The first four colonialists will have to deal with the arrangement of the space base, maintain equipment and explore the planet.

Mars photo: www.mars-one.com

"I am fascinated by the studies that I could do on Mars. In addition, in the event of a breakdown, I can fix the equipment. Nine years will prepare us for flight, so you can not doubt that we will go to space prepared, "says Ilya.

A young man shows a tattoo on his hand, which shows what he will not be able to take with him to Mars: drums, guitar, books, city and cassettes.

Tattoo in memory of life on earth. Photo: AiF-Samara / Ksenia Zheleznov

"We'll have to leave on earth and snowboard, but I think that and there I can come up with something similar and ride on the Martian dust on the board," says Ilya.

March 8 will be held another qualifying round. Then it will be known, whether Ilya will increase its chances of flying to Mars or still remain on Earth, despite the dreams of space.

Anastasia Barhahatova: "Governing forever - it will be interesting"

Anastasia Barhahatova graduated from Chelyabinsk University with a degree in Microbiologist. It works as a laboratory assistant at the blood transfusion station, says its responsibilities include a blood test for HIV and hepatitis. The fact that you can become a member of the project on the resettlement of Mars, accidentally learned from the notes in the Dutch site.

"I immediately filed an application," says Nastya. - It must be in English. I know him and improve it, this is the official expedition language, the following stages will require requirements for the level of ownership. We still needed to state my motivation, so that the organizers understand what pushes me to Mars. "

Entered half apler favorites

Relatives of Anastasia - physics on education. Barhahatova admits that since childhood he was fond of space, microbiology and science fiction, Andromeda Nebula Ivan Efremova was her favorite book. He fond of, but not to fanaticism. About what can visit Mars, did not even think before the project.

Photo: www.mars-one.com.

"I got into half apler favorites, it cannot but rejoice," Barhahatov frankly tells. - Take part in a fantastically interesting project expressed the desire of almost two hundred thousand people from one hundred forty countries of the world, as a result, the first stage was a little more than a thousand people. Among them - I ".
Nastya said, he learned about his victory at the first stage on January 1, from the official email. It was the best New Year's gift for it.

Nastya was born in Verkhneuralsk. He graduated from lugu, the practice was held in the Research Institute in Obolesk, settled to work at the blood transfusion station, as planned at the last year of the university. About what is involved in the draft colonization of Mars, neither relatives nor a colleague knew. Until the last - while Nastya did not win in the first stage.

So, having fading with his hand and relatives, Nastya and fly away to Mars. Ten years later, if the remaining tests pass. Photo: AiF.

Not to exchange for reflections

"Relatives, in Russian, splashed," says Nastya. - Colleagues too. Traveling to Mars is a one-way ticket. It is immediately stated that on earth and red planet absolutely different living conditions, and the one who visited Mars can no longer be able to exist here. But I do not worry and I'm not afraid: the project is too significant and global to be exchanged for reflections. Yes, we can not give birth to children and create families - but I agree to sacrifice the usual way to life on Mars. Governing forever is very interesting. "

As reported on the official website of the project, among the past stages - people aged 18 to 81. The main condition for all applicants is excellent health: 100% vision, pressure within the normal range, no chronic diseases, growth from 157 to 190 centimeters. Further the lucky ones are waiting for new tests until disclosed which one.

Anastasia Barhahatova told the readers AIF that she was not afraid to move to Mars. Photo: AiF.

"I am very looking forward to the following stages," says the microbiologist. "I know that in case of success, I have a ten-year preparation for the journey, because the resettlement itself is appointed for the 2025th year. By 2015, six groups of four people will be formed, and for 2018 it is scheduled to send the first robot apparatuses to Mars. "

Having learned about the victory in the international project of their country houses, Chelyabinsks responded in different ways. Someone considers the resettlement not Mars no more than the next "duck", others are confident that everything will be limited to the passage of the selection, and no one will fly into space, the third, and most of them, sincerely happy for Anastasia. And even a little jealous.

An interesting project called Mars One plans to populate the planet people.

It is planned to send the crew of four on a trip for 7 months, then send a new team and so every two years new people will join the settlement.

The first settlement is planned to be created in April 2023, and by 2033, more than 20 people will live on Mars.

Mars One has an impressive list of people who support the mission to Mars. One of these is Professor, Dr. Gerar Hoo, a physicist of the Laureate of the Nobel Prize of 1999.

2011

In 2011, the members of the Mars One project worked on the mission of non-public. After the mission was planned, Mars One contacted suppliers of the necessary components. All potential suppliers were delighted with apolitical, commercial, piloted flight to Mars and confirmed their ability to produce components as needed.

2013

It will be a year in which the selection of astronauts will begin. Who will be one of the first four people on Mars and those who follow them every two years after that? Anyone who feels can cope with this task may apply for this position. There will be a total of 40 astronauts. Of those who want to fly away will be the strongest physically and mentally.

Mars One will build a copy of the Martian settlement in the desert on Earth to prepare cosmonauts and provide a realistic environment for checking equipment. The selection of cosmonauts and their preparation in the simulated Martian base will be broadcast on television and on the Internet for public viewing.

2014

It will be a year in which preparation for the support mission will begin. And she will last until launch in 2016. The production of the first Martian communication satellites will also begin. (Photo: Surrey Satellite Technology)

2016

The support mission will be launched on Mars in January 2016. The module will land on the red planet in October 2016 with a load of 2500 kg of food or other materials. The landing will be committed not far from the place where the outpost is expected.

2018

In 2018, Rover landed on Mars. While the overall location of the base will be known, the task of the Marshode will be the search for a better place in this area.

2021

In 2021, all components of the settlement reached the destination. In general, these will be two residential modules, two livelihood modules, the second support module, the second rover. Two Marsochodes transport all the components in the foundation found location and prepare them for the arrival of astronauts.

2022

All water and oxygen to create an atmosphere will be prepared at the beginning of 2022, when the earth's crew will be worked for the launch of the first team. Each component of the transport ship will be launched to a low near-earth orbit, where they will be collected together. September 14, 2022 will enter the story as the beginning of the flight of the first four astronauts after the last check. Each step of this flight will be available for viewing on the project site 24/7.

2023

Astronauts land in 2023 and will become the first people in history that pulled into Mars. They will connect all settlement modules along with Rovers. Then they will install the solar panels, and will begin their great research of Mars, their new planet.

2025

In June 2025, the second group will land. By their arrival, the construction of the Martian base will be completed. The second group will also bring new equipment. For example, it can be a few more rovers that will help them in mastering their new planet.

Is it possible to have cosmonauts to have children on Mars?

In the first years, the settlement on Mars will not be a good place to live children. The choice of medical institutions will be limited and the group will be too small. In addition, the ability of a person to reproduce in conditions of reduced gravity is not known, and there is enough research on whether the fruit can grow normally and develop in such conditions. Therefore, Mars One strongly recommends the residents of the settlement do not try to raise children.

In order to create a real Martian colony, the presence of children is very important. It will be an important point in research on Mars.

An interesting project called Mars One plans to populate the planet people.
It is planned to send the crew of four on a trip for 7 months, then send a new team and so every two years new people will join the settlement.
The first settlement is planned to be created in April 2023, and by 2033, more than 20 people will live on Mars.

The Mars One project team is working on this plan since the beginning of 2011. At that first year, extensive and exhaustive studies of the feasibility of ideas were conducted, all the details were studied with numerous specialists and expert organizations. Not only technical elements were included in this analysis, but financial, psychological and ethical aspects were comprehensively discussed.
Mars One has an impressive list of people who support the mission to Mars. One of these is Professor, Dr. Gerar Hoo, a physicist of the Laureate of the Nobel Prize of 1999.

Chronology
2011
In 2011, the members of the Mars One project worked on the mission of non-public. After the mission was planned, Mars One contacted suppliers of the necessary components. All potential suppliers were delighted with apolitical, commercial, piloted flight to Mars and confirmed their ability to produce components as needed.

2013
It will be a year in which the selection of astronauts will begin. Who will be one of the first four people on Mars and those who follow them every two years after that? Anyone who feels can cope with this task may apply for this position. There will be a total of 40 astronauts. Of those who want to fly away will be the strongest physically and mentally.
Mars One will build a copy of the Martian settlement in the desert on Earth to prepare cosmonauts and provide a realistic environment for checking equipment. The selection of cosmonauts and their preparation in the simulated Martian base will be broadcast on television and on the Internet for public viewing.

2014
It will be a year in which preparation for the support mission will begin. And she will last until launch in 2016. The production of the first Martian communication satellites will also begin. (Photo: Surrey Satellite Technology)

2016
The support mission will be launched on Mars in January 2016. The module will land on the red planet in October 2016 with a load of 2500 kg of food or other materials. The landing will be committed not far from the place where the outpost is expected.

2018
In 2018, Rover landed on Mars. While the overall location of the base will be known, the task of the Marshode will be the search for a better place in this area.

2021
In 2021, all components of the settlement reached the destination. In general, these will be two residential modules, two livelihood modules, the second support module, the second rover. Two Marsochodes transport all the components in the foundation found location and prepare them for the arrival of astronauts.

2022
All water and oxygen to create an atmosphere will be prepared at the beginning of 2022, when the earth's crew will be worked for the launch of the first team. Each component of the transport ship will be launched to a low near-earth orbit, where they will be collected together. September 14, 2022 will enter the story as the beginning of the flight of the first four astronauts after the last check. Each step of this flight will be available for viewing on the project site 24/7.

2023
Astronauts land in 2023 and will become the first people in history that pulled into Mars. They will connect all settlement modules along with Rovers. Then they will install the solar panels, and will begin their great research of Mars, their new planet.

2025
In June 2025, the second group will land. By their arrival, the construction of the Martian base will be completed. The second group will also bring new equipment. For example, it can be a few more rovers that will help them in mastering their new planet.

Is it possible to have cosmonauts to have children on Mars?
In the first years, the settlement on Mars will not be a good place to live children. The choice of medical institutions will be limited and the group will be too small. In addition, the ability of a person to reproduce in conditions of reduced gravity is not known, and there is enough research on whether the fruit can grow normally and develop in such conditions. Therefore, Mars One strongly recommends the residents of the settlement do not try to raise children.
In order to create a real Martian colony, the presence of children is very important. It will be an important point in research on Mars.

The Mars One project (Mars One) plans to create the first human settlements on Mars to April 2023. The first crew of four astronauts emigrates to their new planet from the Earth after the trip, which will take seven months. The new team will join the settlement every two years. By 2033 there will be more than twenty people who will live and work on Mars, in their new home.

The Mars One project team is working on this plan since the beginning of 2011. At that first year, extensive and exhaustive studies of the feasibility of ideas were conducted, all the details were studied with numerous specialists and expert organizations. Not only technical elements were included in this analysis, but financial, psychological and ethical aspects were comprehensively discussed.
Many international aerospace companies capable of developing and supplying the main components of the equipment for the Martian expedition were interested in the project.
Mars One has an impressive list of people who support the mission to Mars. One of these is Professor, Dr. Gerar Hoo, a physicist of the Laureate of the Nobel Prize of 1999.

Chronology

2011

In 2018, Rover landed on Mars. While the overall location of the base will be known, the task of the Marshode will be the search for a better place in this area.

Human colony on Mars. Detailed study of the project Mars One

This article contains more detailed information about each point of the upcoming mission so that you can finally strengthen your point of view on this issue.

About Mars One Project
Mars One is a private organization whose task is the founding of a colony on Mars using already ready-made technologies. This is the first project that plans to finance such a global operation through TV broadcasts in real time, ranging from the selection of astronauts on Earth and ending with solving complex technical tasks on the surface of Mars.

Goal
Many people believe that the desire to explore the solar system is a much more important achievement for all mankind than the local desires of individual nations. Like the Apollo landing on the moon, the human mission on Mars will make it clear to our generations that everything is possible in this world. The Mars One team believes not only in the possibility of this mission, but also that they are obliged to do everything possible to accelerate our understanding of the formation of space, the origin of life, and, that is no less important, our meaning of existence in the Universe.

Working Mission
In 2011, the creation of the first plans began. During the first year, negotiations were held with many space agencies and corporations to verify this idea for strength. Response letters contained deep-interest project.
Since it would be too expensive for corporations, and for government enterprises - too risky project, Mars One decided to go along the way to integrate individual branches of existing technologies.

Technologies
The plan is drawn up with currently existing technologies from reliable suppliers. The project itself is not an aerospace company and does not produce the equipment necessary for the mission. All equipment will be developed by third parties and then combined into a single whole.
The complete set for the mission will contain the following:
Launcher. This kind of rocket will be used to deliver payload from Earth to orbit (or from orbits to Mars). It is planned to use the Spacex Falcon Heavy missile (improved version of Falcon 9, which is used by Spacex at this time).
Martian transit module. The module will be responsible for the delivery of astronauts on Mars. It will consist of two fuel systems, planting system and residential premises.
Descended device. The Mars One team proposes to use the Advanced version of Dragoncapsule, first testing in 2010. This is the same capsule that has been successfully stripped with the ISS (International Space Station) in May 2012. In the Martian mission, it will take her slightly expanded model that will include:
Life support module in which air generation systems, water and energy will be located
The power module that will contain food
The biosphere module in which special inflatable sections will be stored, which will create large residential areas on the surface of Mars
Module for travel in which astronauts will spend seven months before landing on the planet
Module of rover

Marsoises
In the role of Marshoda, it is planned to use a large semi-autonomous system with solar powers, in whose tasks will be included:
Intelligence service
Fast collection of small vehicles
Transportation of large hardware components
Total assembly of large structures
Thus, it will rather not a mercier (in our usual understanding), and a movable plant on wheels.

Martian costume
All cosmonauts will have to wear suits when contacting the Martian atmosphere. As well as those used on the moon, the costumes will protect the cosmonauts from extreme temperatures, fine airless atmosphere and harmful radiation.

Communication system
The system will transmit video streams on the chain of Mars - communication satellite - Earth

Humanity on Mars
Tell you about something like that - "We are going to fly to Mars for a permanent life" - you will have any questions:
How can astronauts be able to leave the earth? This is madness!
How will they prepare for life on Mars?
What can happen in seven months of travel?
What cosmonauts will do when they are far from home?
Let's try to answer these questions, and not only.

Emigration on Mars
Buying a ticket to one end is always more profitable than to take care also about the way back, but what does astronaut think about this? Everything will depend on who to ask. It is easy to note that most people will prefer to lose their leg rather than staying on a cold dangerous planet, saying "so far" to the whole of their family and friends (with girlfriends approximately), and knowing that they will never meet face to face After Spartan travel to the Red Planet. However, there are also people for whom the journey to Mars is a long-standing perennial dream. They are ready to meet with the planet one on one. For them, this is a unique opportunity to explore the new world, to conduct an unfinished experimentation, to build a new home for humanity and face face to face with an unknown.
The Mars One team will give the opportunity to replenish the rows of astronauts to everyone. Are you one who dreams about it? Then read on to find out what awaits you! Would you prefer to lose your legs, how to go to such an adventure? Read on, and make sure the correctness of your choice!

Workout
Each astronaut will participate in a mandatory ten-year training. It will include numerous tests for profitiness in a group of four. These tests will be carried out in a closed space for several months. The purpose of this is to understand how a certain person responds to immediate proximity to the rest of the team. In addition to this, the colonialists must master the many new skills. In the end, these people will be responsible for each aspect of the Martian colony: repair, cultivation of crops, as well as for many different medical details like fractures. (dubious phenomenon in the conditions of Martian gravity. Approx. translator)

Journey one way
The flight will take seven months. Astronauts will conduct all this time in a very small space - much less than the main base will be provided, besides, without special luxury and excesses. It will be a difficult task. The shower in the program is not included in advance - only wet wipes, like visitors to the International Space Station. The main encouraged of cosmonauts for this time are canned meat, constant fan noise and three-hour warm-up. On this background, hitting the sunny storm will be a significant adventure - you can get a bit and hide in the compartment with solar protection for a couple of days. There is no doubt that the trip will be tough, but astronauts will tolerate - after all, this is a trip to their dream (Dream can be translated as a dream, including in a negative context. Approx. Translator).

Accommodation on Mars
Upon arrival at Mars, astronauts will be settled in more comfortable rooms (50 square meters per person, the total area of \u200b\u200b200 for the entire team). Inflatable components will be based on these premises - a bedroom, a work area, a living room, a greenhouse for growing greenery. Thanks to these components, the colonists will be able to take shower as all normal people, cook fresh food, wear ordinary clothes and lead the usual way of life. The entire complex will be connected by a network of moves, but if someone wants to leave the base - he will need to wear a special costume. The installation of a residential complex will not take much time, and as soon as the task is solved - you can start construction and research.

Construction and research
Several main life support modules will arrive at Mars with the first team of the settlers. The task of the team will also include the preparation of modules for the following groups of people. All new modules from the ground will be gradually connecting to the main base. Some of them will be duplicated to ensure greater safety and just for comfort. After a while, the colonists will have to take care of the construction of additional housing from local materials.
The planet will be rich in the number of necessary research. Astronauts will begin to study the influence of Mars on plants and their own bodies, solve many geological and biological tasks. Who knows, in their free time they might think: was life on Mars to them?

Online broadcast and television
All cosmonauts activities will be broadcast in real-time land. You can be aware of all recent events (the response time is about half an hour, without a correction to the size of these approx. Translator), as well as occasionally listen to the stories of astronauts, which will definitely be said. What happens when you go to the surface? What is "participating in the adventure"? What is it - to experience gravity, which is only 40% of the earth? Answers to these, and many other questions will be obtained quite soon.

Expansion
New groups of people are planned to plant on Mars every two years. The settlement size will grow steadily. A little later, many residential modules will be completed with the use of local materials, so they will become large enough for a comfortable stay. An increase in the settlement will also be beneficial in the state of colonists, as they will have opportunities for social life along with hard work.

True, what is it really possible?
Mars One is not the first organization that dreams of ideas about human flight on Mars. Many have had similar plans. And yet, success did not follow. Why Mars One should become successful?

Emigration
Traveling to Mars is the road one way. This radically changes the requirements for the mission, fully removing the need for the return of equipment on the ground, which leads to a sharp decrease in the cost of the flight. Mars will become a new home for the colonists in which they will live and work, probably until the end of their days.
Although there is a small opportunity to return home, you should not think about her seriously. To return a person to Earth, several constructed and fully refilled missiles will be required, each of which will be able to fly into both ends of a total duration of 14 months. It will cost much more expensive than the road one way.
In addition, you should not forget about gravity. After several years of life on Mars, a person will be unable to return to Earth. This is due to irreversible physiological changes in the body, such as a decrease in the density of bone tissue, muscle loss and reduce the potential of the circulatory system. Even after a small trip to the station, the world of astronauts got up for two years, what to say about Mars.
Thus, subject to permanent residence on Mars, all problems are reduced to ensuring the basics of life: clean air, drinking water, food, and artificial support for plant growth (at first)
Although it all sounds difficult, in fact the Mars One project can be implemented today. Humanity has the necessary technologies. Many data obtained as a result of past space experiments can be applicable to this mission.
In addition, Mars contains some necessary elements and fossils. For the first settlement, for example, a place is selected that contains water ice in the soil. This water can be used for drinking, bathing, watering feed crops, as well as to create oxygen. Mars has natural nitrogen sources - the main element of which in the air (80%) - we breathe.

Solar panels
Using this simple, reliable and abundant energy source, it is possible to complete the development and launch of a nuclear reactor, while maintaining time and money, and reducing the risk when used. Solar panels will be a good light source of energy - because the colony does not need heavy fuel for launching missiles back. The first settlement should be covered with solar panels area of \u200b\u200babout 3000 square meters. Although Mars is significantly further from the Sun than the Earth, it has a more subtle atmosphere. As a result of this compensation, a sufficient amount of energy falls on the surface - about 500 W per square meter (on Earth - 1000 W). In the first years, the batteries will be located exclusively on the surface of the planet. As power drops due to dust raids, a special robot will carry out their cleaning.

Simple markets
Thanks to the use of relatively simple rinsing, money is saved, which could be spent on the development of more complex systems. Such machines were chosen, which, although they allow you to easily move around the territory, but are not able to support the atmosphere and pressure inside your housing - it will become the concern for Martian costumes. This choice is optimal, as it significantly reduces the cost of development and delivery. Marshod will allow astronauts to drive up to 80 kilometers per day. In fact, the case is not in the mercier - the battery on board accommodates a significant amount of energy - but costumes, alas, are not intended for work in a duration of more than 8 hours. The speed of the marshode will not exceed 10 km per hour under direct control and will be even less with automatic. Although it seems too small, but for the year it will be to explore about 5,000 square kilometers (when calculating, consider the review range, and the corresponding changes in the route. Note translator). Do not forget that we are talking about the mooring plant-on-wheels.

Lack of newest developments
The entire plan is spinning around the use of real-existing technologies, tested. Even if any component is not in stock - it is only a small question of time, because there is no need for a radical change. All suppliers confirmed their readiness to build the necessary components at least right now.

Lack of politics
The only criterion of choice is the balance of price and quality. The project is not interested in the nation of the supplier. This distinguishes him from large corporations that dictate their external and internal policies on the basis of many personal factors. Does this give significant guarantees of good quality and prices? Not!

Thus, the theoretical base for the start is quite ready. What awaits us on? Time will tell.

Material prepared by the editorial office of InoSmi specifically for the section RIA Science \u003e\u003e

Peter Guest

Long Farewell

Fragile, with Wild Paper Hair Timothy Gatenby (Timothy Gatenby) little like an astronaut. Gaiteni got comfortably with a pint of beer in the courtyard pub "Nadezhda", which in Undesworth in the west of London. He refused to meet and talk in his studio, which was around the corner in his grandmother's house, warning me in advance that he would be uncomfortable to talk to the proposed topic when she began to pace in the background. Gaiteni talented watercolor artist, and in his 26 years he was already exhibited in the National Portrait Gallery, at the Royal Academy of Arts and in the Chinese Museum of Modern Art Today Art.

Expert: People may be on Mars after 10 yearsRobert Zubrin's nuclear engineer is confident that humanity is quite capable of only 10 years to organize a piloted flight on Mars, using only existing technologies, and does everything in order to convince governments and business in their right.

The Mars One project is the brainchild of the Dutch entrepreneur Bas Lansdorp. His former project AMPYX was aimed at developing the technology of turning wind energy into electrical with a picking height and picking glider tied to the ground cables. Lansdorp sold his stake in AMPYX to launch the Martian program together with numerous advisers and ambassadors, including the creator of the world-famous realistic show "Big Brother" PAUL ROMER. Lansdorpa believes that a universal interest in flight for Mars can bring enough money to finance the launch, and that the technologies available today are enough for the flight to take place, and the colony was viable. Many analysts from the space industry relate to its idea skeptical: how little private company can succeed where powerful states still fail? The chief engineer of the laboratory of jet engines NASA Brian Murhed (Brian Muirhead) stated this year at the conference that such a flight "is far from today outside of our opportunities."

However, private companies are promoted in the field of space research and space tourism to seven-world steps. They are quite a few - from Spacex to Virgin Galactic. Billionaire Dennis Tito (Dennis Tito) As part of its project Inspiration Mars intends to send a married couple into orbit, so that in the process of "Save America".

Such projects cost billions of dollars, and they are not affordable by ordinary patrons. However, Mars One has a real business model, and this project supports the inventor of this format that it will allow its authors to row money around the world. Fascinating perspectives appear: Will civilian can become a pioneer on Mars; And will it be possible to broadcast this event, in contrast to the grit images of Armstrong and Oldrina 50 years ago, turn into a high-quality media event with a message from his sponsors?

Return to the Red Planet

The Mars One project is just one example of an explicit revival of interest in the Red Planet, which left the orbit of public attention after the end of the cosmic race. The history of flight programs for Mars is a mixture of vivid success and unconditional failures.

Soviet probes "Mars 1m" - the first and second - could not overcome the earthly attraction. The first exploded at the launch site on October 10, 1960. And four days later and the second, did not have time to go beyond the atmosphere, turned around and burned on the way back. For the next ten years, the tips tried to launch again and again, but most ships burned at the start, and the two disappeared during the flight. Americans are lucky more. Mariner 1 and Mariner 2 were launched to Venus, and starting from the third ship, they began to fly in the direction of Mars. Mariner 3 failed, but the fourth ship launched in November 1964, did all the way to the Red Planet.

The fact that Mariner 4 sent back to Earth on 20 granular photos, plunged earthlings in despondency. Practically complete absence of the atmosphere, Polar temperatures during the daytime - and there are very few chances for the presence of life. Mariner 6 and Mariner 7, which fisosal to Mars in 1969, added new details for this gloomy picture: Giant dust storms and the largest volcano in the solar system.

In 1971, the first man-made object was landing on Mars. They were the Soviet descent apparatus "Mars-2". But he crashed. However, a few days later, the Mars-3 launched at the same time made a softer landing. Approximately 20 seconds it transferred information, and then stopped work.

5 reasons for "play" in Mars on Earth: simulate and bring the futureBefore you get to Mars, astronauts have to spend eight months in the closed space of the spacecraft, and then as much as the right way to Earth.

That was the era of the cosmic race, and no one wanted to retreat. Heavy satellites Mariner 8 and Mariner 9, designed to exit the red planet orbit, crashed at the start. And only in 1976, the descent vesing devices reached the surface of Mars and confirmed that the Mariner 4 was revealed to them: a lifeless planet.

"It turned out to be enough to pay off enthusiasm for Mars until the mid-1980s, when the Mars Observer interplanetary station was approved for the new flight," said David Portree Space Flight Historian. "But she also exploded, trying to go to Martian orbit in 1993."

And then leave traces on dusty paths of distant planets, it became not fashionable. "Nasa in the 1960s and 1970s had funds for advance planning, but then, when the Shatlov program began to develop on a modest budget, conversations about sending a person to Mars turned into heresy," says Portria. - As soon as the shuttles began to fly, people started talking about their use for rocket fuel and components of ships for flights to Mars. It all started outside the NASA. Then the collapse of the "Challenger" changed the dynamics, and the preliminary planning of human flights to the moon and Mars became a symbol of American determination. "

"My friends from the research department of the NASA Space Center in the mid-1990s truly believed that the project surveys conducted by them will lead to a person's flight for Mars in 2009-2012. Then the work on the program of unmanned flight was followed, the climax of which should be the return of the probe with samples of the Martian soil in 2003-2005. The piloted flight on Mars should have become a natural continuation of this program. "

It is clear that this did not happen. Humanity has learned much better to smash his devices about the Martian surface, making it all softer every time. Statistics still says that success is unlikely. From 40 sent to Mars apparators only a third got there anywhere. Mostly flights were to find out if there is life on Mars, and no one was intended to deliver it there.

But landing is just the first step. Landscape of the Red Planet is a cold-blooded killer. The surface has such names like elicius and utopia, however, Martian mountains and valleys are a desert land, where during the daytime the temperature is equal to forty degrees below zero. There is a high level of radiation, comparable to what astronauts in orbit are experiencing. This is confirmed by the data from the Marshode of Curiosity, who has become indisputable triumph in the study of this planet - one of the few. There are groundwater, which means that there is some kind of sustainable life on Mars, although it is very doubtful.

In distant loneliness

Mars in science fiction: True and fictionIn honor of the World Week of Cosmos, this year dedicated to the research of Mars, RIA Novosti decided to see how "scientific" red planet is depicted in the classic works of science fiction.

After all these technical efforts in the Martian project there may be other problems that are not related to technology and financing. The greatest risk to colonization of Mars can create astronauts themselves. If everything goes successfully, they will face unprecedented with an insulation and will be completely torn off from the world. And this, in turn, can cause depression and powerful psychological stress. The future astronauts, such as Gatenie, it may seem that looking at the ground on top, they will be ready for a long journey (science fiction literature suggests that the form of land from the part is one of the principal psychological advantages acquired by astronauts). But there are also negative sides that are very dangerous.

University researchers Michel Nicolas, Gro Mjeldheim Sandal, Karina Weiss (Karine Weiss) and Anna Yusupova from France, Norway and Russia studied a 105-day experiment on simulating the piloted flight to Mars-500 and 500 and It was noticed that in the process of "travel" the emotional state of participants deteriorated significantly.

A teacher of psychiatry from the University of California, Professor Nick Kanas (Nick Kanas), in his scientific work in 2010, noted that astronauts during long orbital flights show some signs of psychological disorder, including depression, which could be the result of a sense of violation of normal rhythm, disorientation and isolation. Candidates carefully check psychiatrists, studying their emotional stability. The same will be with the candidates for the program Mars One, however, the problems will still be felt anyway. Thus, in his study, Cenas notes the emergence of psychosomatic reactions - physical symptoms, which, according to scientists, psychological roots.

The Mars One project announced the requirements for future "Martians"Future expedition members should be no under 18, to have a firm determination to go to the goal, the ability to build and maintain good relationships with people, it is easy to adapt, to be curious and creative people.

"For example, one cosmonaut in orbit wrote in his diary that he had a dental pain after a restless sleep, in which he dreamed that he had a dental infection, and he thought that if it had happened in space, he could not do anything , - writes Cenas. - After the flight, the characteristics of the character change, and psychiatric problems that returned to Earth appear, among which depression, fear, alcohol abuse, the difficulties of re-adaptation in the family. All this causes the need to psychotherapeutic treatment and the use of psychotropic drugs. "

But these problems arise in close proximity to the Earth, when it can be communicated with it in real time. And during the flight to Mars, the house will turn into a removable and endangered point, and the connection will be with a 45-minute delay. Practically, astronauts, as needed, will be autonomous.

"No one has yet observed the land as a tiny point in a huge universe ... the close observation of the Earth is considered one of the main positive factors during their stay in space. And if the earth is out of sight, this may have a psychological impact on crew members, lead to strengthening the feeling of isolation, loneliness, houseguards, can cause an depressed mood and even psychopathic thoughts on suicide. "

In the study of Cenas, there are two exceptionally important factors that will not be during the Mars One mission. First, he is talking about professional astronauts, and secondly, it means that any flight has a return.

Gagarin IncorPed, or where private astronauts have already gatheredThe day when the whole world recalls the historic flight Yuri Gagarin on April 12, 1961, traditionally, many leads to thinking about how the piloted cosmonautics, and where, in fact, it goes.

Mars One will carefully check and examine candidates, says its chief medical adviser Dr. Norbert Kraft (Norbert Kraft), has been cooperating with NASA for a long time, as well as with Russian and Japanese space agencies in the work and status of crews in extreme conditions.

"One of the key points is to work in a team," he says. - There will be four people there, and they all will depend on one of the other. If one person does not work, the whole team will not work. The second point is that they should have sedkalki, skills and intelligence to execute the program. "

Answering the question of why Mars One suggests sending ordinary people to the flight, despite the enormous difficulties associated with the selection of crew and its delivery to Mars, Kraft offers the same arguments that are driven by many candidates. This is the idea that, because of the circumstances, they can miss their chance and not get to Mars.

"NASA says that a degree is needed ... And in my opinion, if someone for some reason is family, economic, because of the lack of money, it is possible to learn in my country - but this person is smart enough and scho Why does he not fly? - says kraft. "Why should we deprive him of such a chance?"

"In my opinion, the insulation itself does not matter. I'm not boring. But I was surprised to find out how many people are bored. I then said: "You have not selected those people." I've never been bored for me. It all depends on what you do with your time, "says Kraft.

"We have had a problem that forced us to be very demanding and picking up to the selection is related to the difficulties of interpersonal communication. Gender problems, cultural problems. Therefore, it seems to me, in order to avoid this problem, the Russians chose only men, only Europeans and only Russians. And we preferred gender diversity, age-related diversity and cultural diversity, because it is simply more fruitful. People with different origins, education and experience in different situations with which they face, put forward different ideas. "

Mars for seven daysThe World Week of Space, which started on October 4, in 2013 is devoted to the research of Mars - an amazing planet, at the same time similar and not like Earth. RIA Novosti proposes to consider the four centuries of Mars astronomical studies as if they happened in a week, from midnight Monday until 23:59:59 Sunday.

On the question of what makes future colonists go on a trip, which in the end will inevitably end them with death, even if it goes successfully, Kraft responds that reporters go to Syria, although many people die there. He jokes, which seriously considers the option with a pension on Mars - after all, there is a weak attraction that weakens the load on its aging organs and the cardiovascular system.

"I had a patient who said that he wanted to go on a cruise ship in the Arctic. As a cardiologist, I told him that it was very dangerous that he could die during swimming. And he replied: "Damn, I'll tell you what. I constantly sit in my garden, staring into space. I do nothing. I want to make one thing in my life, which I truly like it. If you do not return, nothing terrible. But I want to go to this cruise. " So if you subscribe to this flight, you must love it from the very beginning. "

But the risk assessment makes it possible to choose, in contrast to other reality. If you decide to fly on Mars, then death is guaranteed to you on the launch site, behind the earth or on the red planet.

"All the same is a choice," the kraft insists when I start putting on it. - They know well what they are involved. "

Interplanetary pioneers

Cosmonaut of grapes believes flight to Mars one way nonsenseIn June 2012, the non-profit organization Mars One announced that by 2023 hopes to send a team of four people to Mars. The first colonists will live in the settlement robots built for them, the crew is not planned to return.

Perhaps the most striking Mars One mission in volunteers, with whom I managed to talk, this is what they all are ordinary and normal people. They are not adventurers, not seekers of adventures, and mostly not even scientists. And yet, almost all of them, without exception, speak of high ideals, about the desire to submit an example to humanity, about their desire - no, not to remuneration, but to understand that their life will pass in vain, that there will be some sense in it. If the flight takes place, then they all die somehow on Mars. But each of them, at least externally, is trying to give a logical explanation for its inevitable death on a distant planet. "Yes, I actually do not mind die there," says Gatenie straight.

The rest also speak with optimism about what they have to abandon. And this is not only connections and relationships, things and values, habits and the environment, but also the possibilities that they have on Earth.

"No one in his life is able to do everything he wants, or everything that can," says 20-year-old student Ryan McDonald (Ryan McDonald) from the English derby, who submitted an application for participation in flight. "But at the same time, no one in the history of mankind had the opportunity to fly to Mars." Yes, I will miss a lot, I will miss much from what is on earth. But in return, I will have the opportunity to do what no one can do on Earth. It seems to me that this is somewhat justified victims. "

McDonald has at least there is an overwhelming interest in space research. This thoughtful and able to clearly express his thoughts of the young man is currently studying physics in Oxford University and recognizes that on Earth the chances of making a tremendous contribution to human ideas about the world around the world is negligible.

"What are the optimal chances of me on earth?" He says on the telephone from Derby. " "I can become a member of some scientific team, perhaps I will make a few discoveries." Of course, I hope that I will have a certain contribution to scientific research. But this is nothing compared to what you can do while in such a place where no one has been to you. In the first few months, we will learn so much about yourself and about the universe that with a purely utilitarian point of view, I can do much more, much more than on Earth, being only one of the seven billion of its inhabitants. "

And some just want to become astronauts

For any usual standards from Paul Liming (Paul Leeming) is a rather unusual life. He began his career as an Australian Navy officer, but in the mid-1990s decided to switch to another type of armed forces and became the pilot of the Air Force. Then the Liming began to fly on passenger aircraft of the National Airlines of Papua New Guinea, but due to the decline of passenger traffic, after the events of September 11, left without work. After a short respite, he began to study at school cinematography, moved to Tokyo and began to shoot documentary and short films. Liminigu 40 years.

Chatting with me on Skype from Tokyo, he squeezes his statements about the strugnure of human life with an infectious laughter. "I look at it so. If you want to remember you for something, why not do it? - He says. - What is the complexity? What is the bad idea that I'm afraid of this? I do not agree. In the fact that we take off, and after six months we will do in the planet, and the end will come to us? But even in this case, I will die a happy person, knowing about what flew on all. "

Recognizing the physical and emotional difficulties of flight, the liming refers to them philosophically. "You live in one cabin with three colleagues in a combat ship. When I read the characteristics of the Mars One residential compartment, it was written there: "You will have only 50 square meters per person." For most people, this is nothing, "he says. - And I live in Japan on 26 square meters. This is twice as smaller. So, I will reduce my housing conditions by half? I like this prospect. "

Five bold statements about extraterrestrial lifeSeparate people and supporters of conspiracy theories often nominate all new "evidence" of visits to our Earth by aliens, and even scientists argue that they find evidence of extraterrestrial life.

Liming becomes eloquent when he speaks about sublime ideals that pushed him to apply.

"We will fly there and become a psychological starting platform for all mankind, which will begin to think that he has no reason to hang around on this planet that you can move on," he says. "This is such a driving force, forcing you to make more important things than you yourself."

For one and a half hours, he convincingly tells that when people achieved the second planet and justpose there, earthly squabbles and border disputes will seem absurd. This is a classic argument that resembles the utopian ideas of science fiction in the mid-20th century: the idea that collective human efforts will eventually bring the world. This did not happen, but the liming seems firmly confident that the Mars One project is able to change the world.

"Of course, there is an element of vanity, I want to be famous, I want to remember me. But I think wider ... I looked a lot in this world. I am not 20 years old, but 40. By the time the flight I will be 50. It is impossible to say that I did not live. And then, this is not the end of my life. It will be the end of the globe of my life. "

For the development of cosmonautics, you need to "light" youth dream of planetsNow in the astronautics comes a new generation, which consciously considers the sunny system with its home. This generation is already more prepared for overcoming difficulties that restrain the efforts of previous generations, the agency's source noted.

But he will never know the benefits and benefits of their flight for earthlings. This world will be distant and unacceptable for him.

"For sure, he laughs. - But on the other hand, think about those people who changed our world. How many names do you remember? They say in life there are two constants - death and taxes. Fucking from the ground, I will get rid of one constant. Further, people say: "You will die on Mars." But on Earth, I will die too. What is the difference? If you die, so that you remember you. "

He then says: "I remember all the astronauts who died during the flights of Apollonov and Shatlov. Does anyone seem to be that they had a tragic life? "

Looking in the face of "reality"

Despite the long list of advisers, outside the orbit Mars One is difficult to find an expert on cosmic flights, which considers that this mission is viable. The company refused to take me in the request to interview the Bass Lansdorp, but it is difficult to get rid of the feeling that all this idea is just too sensational to be real. Mars One carries the features of an intricate draw or at least rates on the principle of "poke a finger in the sky." It seems that there is a calculation on the fact that the passion for people with space and reality shows that moment of force that turned "Big Brother" into a multi-billion franchise. This is a bit like the world's largest campaign in the world - everywhere hype, sparkling lights, but very few specific details about how it will be done in practice. And it is alarming.

If space agencies are brain trusts, where engineers and physics work, the Mars One structure is more like a startup from the Internet sphere. In this company, advisors and members of the Board are more than employees. If Spacex and Virgin Galactic began with the development of technologies for creating profitable commercial spacecraft, Mars One is working on their media rights, acting through the subsidiary of Interplanetary Media Group. Such an approach on the principle of "media above all" may indicate that in conditions when state investment in science is reduced, and the key to commercial success becomes the presence of the media, we are waiting for such a future, where everything defines PR.

The term "reality-television" is in mind the memory of the media by ambitious starlets and artificial plots taken from the "real" life of those who are ready to become the property of a celebrity production machine. This is not very consistent with high ideals and with scientific activities. But this is just an element of the hostility, which is experiencing part of the scientific community, calling this initiative to the initiative.

The video presentation of the applicants is very similar to those transmissions that show on "realistic television" during listening. There is not enough songs. But along with optimism here is also an element of insecurity. And reality-television, as well as the media as a whole, rarely misses the ability to create a drama on weaknesses. Here and the statement of the Gatenie "I try not to think about it," and the statement of Linding "is part of the victim."

If Mars One really turns out to be a draw, or fall apart before takeoff, in the midst of his wreckage will be failed astronauts - if not naive, then full ideals and dreamyly impractical when they are mounted by the rarest opportunity - to become the first who will land, will live and die on Mars.