Order of victory 1 degree awarded. How much did the orders of victory been released and how many people were they awarded? Through the lights of the fighting

The 115th anniversary of the birth of Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukova (November 19) came. And today you can meet such disputes between military and civilian historians - Zhukov: genius or villain? There are many points of view of Zhukov, about the style of his work and management of troops: "Butcher" - did not regret the soldier, went through the corpses; All his victories won "on the prepared", when all victories were prepared before him; The colonical talent of Zhukova is a propaganda myth; Zhukov won the war - this is a lie, the soldiers won it. Well, so on. But the beetles are such a titan that they are not terrible, the most ridiculous judgments.

Through the lights of the fighting

Georgy Konstantinovich was born in the village of Rifle the Kaluga region. Three classes of church parish school graduated with a praise sheet. Speeding then in Moscow, at the same time graduated from a two-year-old city school.

From August 7, 1915 in the army. The cavalry university officer in the summer of 1916 falls on the South-West Front in the 10th Novgorod Dragun Regiment. For the seizure of a German officer is awarded to the St. George Cross of the 4th degree. Contused. For the wound in battle receives the St. George Cross 3rd degree.

The Cavalry Revolution and generally eliminated the army. Heavy sick tithe, beetles returning to his village. But in the summer of 1918, he enters the Red Army. The following year becomes a member of the RCP (b). Red Armyman George Zhukov fought on the eastern, western, southern fronts against the Ural Cossacks, under Tsaritsyn, with the troops of Denikin and Wrangel.

In the summer of 1919, he participated in the battles with the Cossacks in the area of \u200b\u200bShipovo station, in battles for Uralsk, for Vladimirovka, for Nikolaevsk. In the fall of 1919, grenade fragments were seriously injected between the flood and medium Akhtuba. Treated. She ends with Ryazan cavalry courses and in the fall of 1920 is appointed by the platoon commander, then a squadron. A year later, participates in the suppression of the peasant uprising on Tambovshchina (the so-called "Antonovshchyna").

Mystical and difficult to comprehend is that death could overtake Zhukov at any time in six years spent in more than 60 large and small battles. Each fight could be the last. And the further military service of Zhukov does not replete calm and serenity. Here is its main milestones.

From May 1923, Zhukov commands the 39th regiment of the 7th Samara Cavalry Division. A year later ends the highest cavalry school. Then - courses of the highest boss composition of the Red Army. In 1930, he receives the 2nd brigade of the 7th Samara Cavdivia, which Rokossovsky commanded. Then serves in the Belarusian Military District under the post of I.P.Ubelevich.

During the repression of 1937-1938, both commander will be arrested. Konstantin Konstantinovich will be held all the circles of hell, but will not be broken, and Jerome Petrovich is shot. It was at that time that a meeting of the 6th Cavkorpus parthorization party was held, at which the statements of some polymat workers and commanders were analyzed about the "enemy methods of Komkore Zhukov in the education of personnel" and that he was "closely with the enemies of the people." However, Paktakitiv decided to: "Restand to the discussion of the issue and take note of the explanation of the comrade Zhukov."

Fate or Providence as if carefully guarded their chosen one for some top destination. In the summer of 1939, Zhukov defeated the grouping of the Japanese troops of General Kamatsubara on the Khalkhin Gol River. For this operation, the Commary was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. A year later, he is already the commander of the Kiev Special Military District.

In the Certification of the Command Damp of the Red Army receives the rank of army general. In this capacity, there are two brilliant command-staff games under the general name "Appearance of the front with a breakthrough of fortified areas", demonstrating outstanding operational and tactical skills. What is put forward by Stalin to the post of chief of the General Staff.

Who was in battles, that pain and rage fully knew

The relationship of the leader and the commander was never cloudless. That's what he writes about this in his book "Next to Stalin" Kremlin guard A.T.Rybin:

"No one historian has not been able to reveal the secret of their relationship, which were albeit democratic, but at the same time complex-mysterious. While someone from theorists will understand them to solve them, try to take advantage of the human experience, who knew that and the other. The commandant of the neighboring dacha of Orlov served in Stalin from 37th to 53rd. So, had the right to celebrate the most important in the nature of the leader:

- He did not like concomitant judgments like: how to say, and do it.

In such cases, usually said:

- I do not need such advisers.

Having learned this, I sometimes argued with him, defending my point of view, Stalin grumbled puzzled:

- Well, I'll think about it.

I could not stand when it was part of it, bending or went ahead with his heels. You needed to go to him. If necessary - at any time. Cabinet never closed. Now add the following judgment of Orlov:

- Stalin respected Zhukov for straightness and patriotism. Stalin has been the most honored guest.

Together with the general gift of this, apparently, it was already enough for Stalin to restrain the natural anger on the unheard of Jukova on December 4, wipes the whole day of the fifth and only exactly at midnight on RF carefully asked:

- Comrade Zhukov, like Moscow?

"Comrade Stalin, we will not surrender Moscow," said Georgy Konstantinovich.

- Then I will go the hour two rest.

- Can...

Yes, Stalin managed to keep off the perturbation, but he did not forgive the offense. That is why for the most difficult operation of the whole war such a commander was awarded only a medal. "

And the first time, Stalin and Zhukov fumbled the need for the seventh day of war. This is how Mikoyan recalls about that conflict:

"Stalin called the Marshal Tymoshenko's defense addict. However, he could not say anything concrete about the situation in the western direction. Alarmed by such a move of the case, Stalin offered everyone to go to the addict and to deal with the situation in place. In the office of the Commissar were Tymoshenko, Zhukov and Vatutin. Stalin kept calmly, asked where the front command, which there is a connection with him. The beetles reported that the connection was lost and it could not be restored for all day. About half an hour talked quite calmly. Then Stalin exploded: what for the General Staff, which for the head of the General Staff, which was so confused, which does not have connections with the troops, does not represent anyone and does not command anyone. Once there is no connection, the General Staff is powerless to lead. The beetles, of course, no less than Stalin worried about the state of affairs, and such a stalence was offensive for him. This courageous man could not stand, burst out like a woman, and quickly went to another room. Molotov went after him. We were all in the depressed state. "

Here it is necessary to make a reservation: Sunny Anastas Ivanovich and straight-line Georgy Konstantinovich never sympathized with each other, if not to say that they were herself.

I will give another testimony of the writer N.A. Zenkovich, who spoke on this topic with V.M. Molotov:

The price of the second stroke of Feather Marshal Zhukov when making the surrender of Germany - the great feat of the people and the army.
"The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. In photographs and film documents. " T. 5. M., 1989

"The quarrel broke out the hardest, with motchery and threats. Stalin Mother Tymoshenko, Zhukov and Vatutina, called them with fairies, insignificances, rotary writers, spoofans. Nervous tension affected the military. Tymoshenko with Zhukov also talked to a lot of offensive to the leader. It ended in the fact that the whitewashed Zhukov sent Stalin in Mother and demanded to immediately leave the office and not interfere with them to study the situation and make decisions. Amazed by such arrogance of the military, Beria tried to memorize the leader, but Stalin, who did not say goodbye to anyone, headed for the exit. "

It was then at the steps of the Ministry of Defense Joseph Vissarionovich uttered his famous: "Lenin left us a great heritage, and we, his heirs, all this about! .." Whatever it was, but in the continuation of the whole of the Great Patriotic War, it was Zhukov Stalin who trusts the most Complex, sometimes difficult, and even impracticable orders. And almost never the commander did not let the leader.

Georgy Konstantinovich was a member of the Supreme Commanding rate, Deputy Supreme Commander, First Deputy People's Commissar of the Defense of the SSR Union. He commanded the front: Reserve, Leningrad, Western (at the same time he was the Commander of the Western Direction), the 1st Ukrainian, 1-Belarusian. Only in one 1942, the beetles personally spent four major offensive operations: Moscow, Rzhevskoy-Vyazemsky, the first and second Rzhev-Sychevskaya.

In addition to the operational activities of the commander of Zhukov, according to Vasilevsky, Vasilevsky, and Alexander Mikhailovich, is also a co-author (along with Vasilevsky) Key Soviet Military Plan 1942 - a plan of strategic operation "Uranium" by defeating German troops near Stalingrad. True, this plan, on which, according to Memoram Zhukov and Vasilevsky, stands for them and Stalin signatures have not yet been published, despite the expiration of the statute of limitations.

And here is the time to recognize the great commander:

"War is an extremely difficult test of the entire people. These are massive victims, blood, disability for life. This is a severe psychological impact on all people carrying war. This is gold for those who sell war guns. There are no absolute heroes in war, absolutely courageous military leaders. Heroes become those who were in the moments of a heavy setting managed to take themselves into hand, overcome fear and not to give in to the panic mood. Our affairs will have to continue young people. It is very important that they studied on our miscalculations and our successes. Science to defeat - not a simple science. But the one who learns who seeks to victory, who fights for the case, whose correctness believes, will always win. I was convinced of this in many lessons of my own life. "

Revelation is expensive. In any case, it sheds a certain light to the desire of Georgy Konstantinovich to issue many of their good desires for reality, left to us in his main work "Memories and Reflections". The easiest example. Zhukov writes:

"In the morning, on June 22, Nick S.K. Vymoshenko, N.F.vatutin and I were in the office of the Defense Commissar. At 3 o'clock 07 minutes I called me the commander of the Black Sea Admiral F.S.Oktyabrsky and said: The Department Department of Fleet reports about the approach from the sea of \u200b\u200ba large number of unknown aircraft. At 3 hours and 30 minutes, the head of the Western Okrug headquarters, General V.E. Klimov, reported on the German to the city of Belarus. Minutes through three chief of staff of the Kiev district, General M.A. Purkayev, reported on airborne aviation on the cities of Ukraine. People ordered me to call I.V. Stalin. I call. No one comes to the phone. I call continuously. Finally I hear the sleepy voice of the guardian management general:

- Who says?

- Head of the General Staff of Zhukov. Please urgently connect me with a friend Stalin.

- What? Now? - I was amazed by the Head of Security. - Comrade Stalin sleeps.

- Let them immediately, the Germans bombed our cities!

Minutes after three to the device approached I.V.Stalin. I reported to the situation and asked permission to start the response fighting. "

In this long quotation from the memories of the greatest commander, only the geographical names and names of people are accurate. Everything else is a tragic not true, with a mild military man holder who has become a reason for all further distortion and frank insinuations in the description of the start of the war.

Another 18 hours of 27 minutes on June 21, 1941, Vyacheslav Molotov delivered completely accurate information about the exact time of Hitler's attack to the Kremlin! It is now an indisputable historical fact! As with the fact that in his memoirs, Georgy Konstantinovich walked almost all his failures, miscalculations, unfinished, including the assault on the forehead of the famous Zeelian heights, leaving only personal ups and victories, which, of course, was the vast majority.

During 1943, Zhukov coordinated the actions of the fronts in the Iskra operation during the breakthrough of the Leningrad blockade. On January 18, he was assigned the title of Marshal Soviet Union - the first marching of the USSR since the beginning of the war. From March 17, Zhukov - on the Belgorod direction of the emerging Kursk arc. From July 5, the actions of the Western, Bryansk, Steppe and Voronezh fronts coordinate. After the death of Vatutin, Stalin ordered Zhukov to head the 1st Ukrainian Front. In March-April 1944, Georgy Konstantinovich conducted an offensive bridge-Chernivtsi operation and went to the foothills of Karpat.

On April 10, 1944, Marshal was awarded the highest military award - the Order of the Victory for the number 1. In the summer of 1944, Zhukov coordinates the actions of the 1st and 2nd Belarusian fronts in the Bagration operation. At the final stage of war, the 1st Belorussian Front, who led by Marshal Zhukov, held together with the 1st Ukrainian commanded by Ivan Stepanovich Konev's Vorol-Oder Operation, during which the Soviet troops liberated Warsaw, dismissed strikes defeated the Army group "A" General Y. Harpe and Feldmarshal F. Sheerner. For this, Zhukov received the second order of "Victory" per number 5.

The 1st Belarusian Front (1 million 28 thousand 900 people) lost 77 thousand 342 people (7.5%), at the same time the 1st Ukrainian (1 million 83 thousand 800 people) lost 115 thousand . 783 people (10.7%). So not always the beetles "did not gentle soldiers." On May 8, 1945 in Karlshort (Berlin), Georgy Konstantinovich received from the Hitler-General Field Marshal Wilhelm von Kaitel the unconditional surrender of fascist Germany and was appointed commander of the Soviet troops in Germany.

However, the greatest confidence provided by the leader of the first Soviet commander - reception of the Victory Parade of the Soviet Union over Germany in the Great Patriotic War, which took place in Moscow on Red Square. Commanded the parade of Marshal Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky. This is not even a royal and the royal gift is an entry on eternity jerseels. Similar actions only the great leaders on the shoulder.

Military exercises of 1940. Georgy Zhukov in 60 fights has already been formed as a commander.

On September 7, 1945, a parade of the victory of the Allied Troops in World War II took place in Berlin. From the Soviet Union, the parade took Marshal Zhukov. And these were the most important heights.

In the citizen did not forgive me that he did not pay partners

In peaceful life, George Konstantinovich somehow immediately outlined many and rather complex problems. Accustomed for a long 1418 days of war to be everywhere and everywhere "king, god and the chief military officer", Marshal did not immediately fit into the court coordinates of the Kremlin. So, in the summer of 1946, a meeting of the Main Military Council was held, on which the "Marshal Zhukov case was prevalent on the materials of the interrogation A.A. Novikov".

From the statement of the chief marshal Aviation A.A.Novikova, written in the name I.V. Stalin:

"Touching Zhukov, I first wanted to say that he is an exceptionally powerful and narrow person, he loves fame, honor and pleasing to him and cannot tolerate objections. Zhukov loves to know everything that is being done in the top, and at his request, when the beetles were on the front, I as I managed to find out, supplied it with appropriate information about what was done in the bet. In this meanness, I am aware of my hard guilt. So, there were cases when, after visiting the bet, I told Zhukov about the sentiments of Stalin, when and for which Stalin scolded me and others, what I heard talk there, etc. The beetles are very cunning, thin and in a cautious form in conversations with me, as well as with other persons tried to diminish a leadership role in the war of the Supreme Command, and at the same time beetles, not embarrassed, emphasizes its role in the war as a commander and even declares that All major plans for military operations are developed by them. "

George Konstantinovich was accused of inflating their "victorious merit." Stalin personally formulated claims to "own right-hand":

"Asked the development of operations to which there was no relationship."

Evidence was reduced in excess. However, it is impossible not to note: at that meeting, all the highest military leaders, with the exception of the head of the Main Directorate of F.Golikova, spoke in support of Zhukov. Nevertheless, members of the Politburo unanimously accused "Marshal Victory" in Bonapartism. It is possible that the highest party bosses in this way "calculated" for the marshal incidence and personal displacement.

In June 1946, an investigation was launched on the so-called "trophy case of Zhukov". It was the basis of denominations of the adjutant Zhukov Semochkin. Allegedly Zhukov was hostile to Comrade Stalin. Nepo partists spoke to the allies in Frankfurt. I sold the car to the Writer Slavin. He was greedy and assigned trophy values: fur, paintings, carpets, chandeliers, gold, jewelry, sets, etc. Consited many thousands of state money for personal needs. Collected a big collection of hunting rifles. Never personally did not pay the party fees.

Of course, Zhukov in a letter to the Central Committee of the WCP (b) and Comrade A.E.zhdanov rejects most of these slanderous statements. He's writing:

"I ask the Central Committee to take into account the fact that some mistakes during the war I did without malicious intent, and in fact I was never a bad party of party, homeland and great Stalin. I always honestly and conscientiously performed all the instructions of Tov. Stalin. I recognize myself very guilty that I did not pass it all unnecessary junk me somewhere on the warehouse, hoping that it was not necessary for anyone. I give a strong oath Bolshevik not to allow such mistakes and nonsense. I am sure that I still need a homeland, the great leader of the Tov. Stalin and Party. Please leave me in the party. I will fix the mistakes made and won't allow the high title of members of the All-Union Communist Bolsheviks Party. 01/12/1948. Member of VKP (b) beetles. "

Shot from the post of Commander of the Ground Forces, the beetles for some time commanded the troops of Odessa, then the Ural Military Districts. Each step has followed it. Somehow, General Vladimir Kryukov with his wife Lydia Ruslanova and General Konstantin Tellane and General Konstantin Tellane and General Konstantin Tellane and General Konstantin Telegin and the wife of the New Year. The singer, having crossed the threshold of the commander's house, took out of the package of two raised books and said loudly:

"I wish you, our great winner so that all your enemies look just like these two birds."

After the death of Stalin, Beria did everything so that the Marshal became the first deputy minister of defense N.A. Bulganin. It is said that Georgy Konstantinovich warned his benefactor that he would soon "be teddy", but Lavrenti Pavlovich was too confident in his strength. As part of the group, arrested Beria, was and beetles.

Zhukov cannot stand in a number of elite royal generals, since all his life was not surrounded by highly educated officers, but in a faceless mass of obedient, ready to condemn the first call, to condemn. But, Zhukov was and will remain the greatest commander of all times and peoples, and no exposition, current or coming, unable to silence its contribution to the achievement of victory. But that is why I can not understand and forgive truly Great Zhukov that he (in recent days, the War Watch) took Zeelov's heights in the forehead - the most powerful knot of resistance built by the Germans, putting there hundreds of thousands of our warriors there.

In 1954, Zhukov personally conducted a teaching with the use of atomic at the Totsk Polygon. At least 45 thousand soldiers were exposed to a strong effects of radioactive radiation. How many civilians suffered - no one knows. And becoming the minister of defense, Georgy Konstantinovich hardly by the first order increased the monetary content of military personnel. For the "suppression of the Hungarian fascist rebellion" and in connection with the 60th anniversary of his birth, he was awarded the fourth medal "Golden Star". But after a year, the "cornman" sent "Marshal victory" to resign.

In already mentioned memoirs, Zhukov managed to still make a very clumsy reverass L.I. Brezhnev, thereby breeding a flurry of stinging jokes, like:

- Comrade Stalin, it's time to start the Operation "Bagration"!

- Wait, Comrade Zhukov, it will be necessary to consult with a comrade Brezhnev!

"Athanasius Pavlandevich, tell about Zhukov. Is it true that the generals and marshals considered him by Stalin's favorite?

- Maybe someone thought as the same horseback, all his life tried to compete with his Savior. After all, if the beetles did not take Konev to his deputy, Stalin would definitely slapped. No, Stalin did not have pets. He just appreciated people to their merit. And the beetles, whatever they spoke about him, was always the first among equal. I can not put anyone next to him. Everyone in it was present: both talent, and cruelty, and a liner thirst for power. There were no other such in our army. Perhaps never happened. And never will never be. "

The only marshal four times the hero of the Soviet Union, the only cavalier of the two orders of "Victory", the only Russian commander, who has the biggest number of military awards, whose name is most immortalized, he adequates a row: Macedonian, Hannibal, Caesar, Genghis Khan, Tamerlan, Napoleon, Suvorov, Kutuzov. In any case, the XX century does not know the other commander of this scale. And God will give, never need such military talents.

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The Order "Victory" was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 8, 1943. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Council of the USSR on August 18, 1944 approved the sample and the description of the ribbon of the Order of the Victory Order, as well as the procedure for wearing a plank with a ribbon of the Order.

Statute of the Order.
Order "Victory" is the highest military order. They are awarded to them the faces of the top command of the Red Army for the successful conduct of such combat operations across one or several fronts, as a result of which the situation in favor of the Red Army is changing.
For awarded the Order "Victory" is established, in a sign of a special difference, a memorial plaque, for making the names of the cavaliers of the Order "Victory". The memorial plaque is installed in the Greater Kremlin Palace. Awarding with this Order is made only by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
The Order "Victory" is worn on the left side of the chest 12-14 cm above the belt.

On April 10, 1944, the names of the three first cavaliers of the Order of the Victory were known. The owner of the sign number 1 was the commander of the 1st Ukrainian front of the Marshal of the Soviet Union of Kiev Zhukov. Sign number 2 received the head of the General Staff Marshal of the Soviet Union A.M. Vasilevsky. The Order of "Victory * No. 3 was awarded the Supreme Commander-in-Chief Marshal of the Soviet Union I.V. Stalin. All these awards were presented for the liberation of the Right Bank of Ukraine.

For the entire existence of the Order of the 20 of its copies, 17 commanders were presented. March 30, 1945 Cavaliers of the Order were the commander of the 2nd Belarusian Front Marshal of the Soviet Union K.K. Rokossovsky for the liberation of Poland, commander of the 1st Ukrainian front of the Marshal of the Soviet Union Konev for the liberation of Poland and forcing the Oder. On April 26, the list was replenished by two more names - the commander of the 2nd Ukrainian Front of the Marshal Soviet Union R. Ya. Malinovsky and Commander of the 3rd Ukrainian Front of Marshal Soviet Union F. I. Tolbukhina. Both were awarded for the liberation of Hungary and Austria. On May 31, the Kavaler of the Order became the commander of the Leningrad Front Marshal of the Soviet Union L and Govorov - for the liberation of Atonas. The same decree commander of the 1st Belarusian Front of the Marshal of the Soviet Union G. Zhukov and the Commander of the 3rd Belarusian Front of the Marshal of the Soviet Union am. Vasilevsky was awarded the Order of "Victory" again: the first to take Berlin, the second - for the capture of Königsberg and the liberation of inaccurate Prussia. On June 4, the Order of the "Victory" was awarded the two "Moscow" military commander of the representative of the Supreme Commander of the Supreme Commander of the Soviet Union 1R Tymoshenko, who on the eve of the war was the People's Commissar of the USSR Defense, and the chief of the General Staff of the General Army of A.I. Antonova of the only cavaller Order of the Victory, who did not have Marshall title. Both were awarded the highest military order for planning combat operations and coordinating the actions of the fronts during the war.

By decree of June 26, 1945, the Order of the Victory was secondaryly awarded I. V. Stalin (on that day he became the hero of the Soviet Union, and the next - Generalissimus of the Soviet Union). According to the results of the war with Japan Kavaler, the Order of the Victory was the commander of the Far Eastern Front Marshal of the Soviet Union K. A. Metskov. Thus, the Order of the "Victory" in the USSR was awarded 10 Marshals of the Soviet Union (three of them twice) and the army general.

In 1945, 5 foreign citizens became cavaliers: 5 foreign citizens: the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia Marshal Josip Broz Tito; The Supreme Commander-in-Chief of Polish Troops (on the territory of the USSR) Marshal Polyni Mikhal Roli-Zimersky; Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Expeditionary Armed Forces in Western Europe, General Army Duight David Eisenhower (USA): Commander of the Union Army Group in Western Europe, Field Marshal Bernard Low Montgomery (United Kingdom); King of Romania Mihai 1 (after overthrowing in the Romania of the Nazi regime Antonescu, Mihai 1 troops fought on the side of the Allies).
On this awards stopped, and the Order of Victory became the property of history. But after thirty years after the war, another one, the seventeenth kavaler of the Order appeared: February 20, 1978 in the porridge of the 60th anniversary of the Soviet Army and the Navy, this Order received the Secretary General of the Central Committee of the CPSU L.I. Brezhnev. Although he wore the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union and served as Chairman of the USSR Defense Council, his "Acts" did not correspond to the Statute of the Order of the Victory.

Of the 17 cavaliers of the Higher Military Award of the USSR - the Order "Victory" Two are directly related to Vologda. Marshal of the Soviet Union Ivan Konev was not only born on our land, but in 1918 he was the county military commissioner in Nikolsk. Marshal of the Soviet Union Konstantin Rokossovsky fought in Vologda in 1918 with deserters and anarchists.

How "for loyalty to the motherland" became "victory"

Once a year and a half before the end of the war - on November 8, 1943, a reward appeared in a premium system of the Soviet Union, which then had a very bold name - the Order of "Victory". Fascist Germany was too strong, the USSR only seized the strategic initiative.

On the days of the celebration of the 26th anniversary of the October Revolution, the refined decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the establishment of the soldiers' Order of the Glory of Three Degrees and Higher Military Awards of the Motherland for the Supreme Commodity General of the Red Army. In almost a year - in August 1944 - a sample and description of the ribbon of the Order "Victory" were approved, as well as the order of wearing a plank with a ribbon of the Order.

In total, 20 ordinarians "Victory" were handed. It was 17 people with his cavaliers, three of whom were marked by the highest military award twice. One person was posthumously deprived of the Order of the "Victory".

In mid-1943, the country's leadership made ideas to establish a reward for the most distinguished commander. Work on the sketch was commissioned at once to several artists. Initially, the award was assumed to give the name "for loyalty to the Motherland".

Preference was given to the sketch of the main artist of the Technical Committee of the Chief Intensdant Management of Tar A.I. Kuznetsova, the author of the Order of the Patriotic War. The first sample of the Order, which was a five-pointed star with the profile bas-reliefs of Lenin and Stalin in the central circle, was presented by I.V. Stalin October 25, 1943. The Supreme Commander expressed a wish to put in the center of the medallion image of the Spasskaya Tower of the Kremlin.

On October 29, Kuznetsov presented several new sketches, of which Stalin chose one - with the inscription "Victory". The artist was instructed to consolidate the size of the Spasskaya Tower and the fragment of the Kremlin wall, the background to make blue, as well as resize the diverging rays between the tops of the Red Star. On November 5, a test specimen was prepared, made of platinum, diamonds and rubies, which was finally approved.

Not a reward - work of art!

Since plain and gold, diamonds and rubies were needed for the manufacture of the Order, the execution of the order for the production of the orders was tasked by masters of the Moscow Jewelry-hour Factory. "Victory" became the only one of all domestic orders, made not on the mint. It was assumed to make 30 ordine signs. By order, 5400 diamonds, 1,500 roses and 9 pure platinum kilograms were released on the order of the Sumbercoma SlavorTrector.

The total weight of the Order "Victory" - 78 grams. Platinum content in the Order -
47 grams, gold - 2 grams, silver -
19 grams. The weight of each of the five rubies is 5 carats. The total weight of the diamonds on the sign is 16 carats.

The Order Tape combines the colors of six other Soviet orders, separated by white gaps width in half a million: orange with black in the middle - the Order of Fame, Blue - Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky, burgundy - Order of Alexander Nevsky, Navy, Navy - Order Cutuzov, Green - Order of Suvorov, Red - Order of Lenin.

All Cavalers of the Order "Victory"

The first award took place on April 10, 1944. The owner of the Order No. 1 was the commander of the 1st Ukrainian Front Marshal of the Soviet Union G. Zhukov. Order No. 2 received the head of the General Staff Marshal of the Soviet Union A.M. Vasilevsky. Order "Victory"

No. 3 was awarded the Supreme Commander Marshal of the Soviet Union I.V. Stalin. All of them are marked by this reward for the liberation of the Right Bank of Ukraine.

The following awards were held only in a year: on March 30, 1945, the commander of the 1st Belarusian Front of the Marshal of the Soviet Union G. K. Zhukov - for the skillful fulfillment of the tasks of the Supreme Command (Second Order), commander of the 2nd Belarusian Front Marshal of the Soviet Union K.K. Rokossovsky - for the liberation of Poland and the commander of the 1st Ukrainian Front Marshal of the Soviet Union I.S. Konev - for the liberation of Poland and forcing the Oder.

By decree of April 19, 1945, the second Order was awarded the commander of the 3rd Belarusian Front Marshal of the Soviet Union A.M. Vasilevsky - for the capture of Koenigsberg and the liberation of Eastern Prussia.

On April 26 of the same year, the commander of the 2nd Ukrainian Front of the Marshal of the Soviet Union R.Ya was awarded Malinovsky and Commander of the 3rd Ukrainian Front Marshal of the Soviet Union F.I. Tolbukhin. Both were noted for liberation in heavy, bloody battles of Hungary and Austria.

May 31, 1945 for the defeat of German troops near Leningrad and in the Baltic States, the commander of the Leningrad Front of the Marshal of the Soviet Union L.A. Govorov.

On June 4, 1945, the order of the victory for the planning of combat operations and coordination of the actions of the fronts during the war was awarded a representative of the rates of the Supreme Commander Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Tymoshenko and Head of the General Staff General A.I. Antonov. Alexey Innokentievich, by the way, the only bank in the USSR, who did not have a marshall title.

Following the results of the war with Japan, on September 8, 1945, the commander of the Far Eastern Front of the Marshal of the Soviet Union K.A. became Kavaler Meretkov.

After the end of the war, it was decided to award the Order of the Victory of the Warlords of the Allied Forces. By decree of June 5, 1945, "For outstanding success in carrying out a large scale operations, as a result of which the victory of the United Nations over Hitler Germany was reached," the Army General Duight Eisenhower, Field Marshal Sir Bernard Low Montgomery, were awarded.

July 6, 1945 with the wording "For the courageous act of a decisive turning of Romania's policy towards a gap with Hitler Germany and the Union with the United Nations at the moment when the defeat of Germany was not yet determined," the King of Romania Mihai I Gogenzollerne-Zigmaringen was awarded the Order of "Victory" . On August 23, 1944, he arrested with the members of Romania's Gitler Germany.

Marshal Poland Mikhal Roli-Zimersky was awarded the Order on August 9, 1945 "For outstanding services in the organization of the Armed Forces of Poland and for the successful combat operations of the Polish troops in decisive battles against the general enemy - Hitler's Germany."

The last foreign bank of the Order "Victory" was September 9, 1945 Marshal of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito.

Ilyich remained without "victory"

In 1966, the Order of Victory was supposed to reward the President of France Charles de Gaulle during his visit to the USSR, but the award did not take place.

But after 12 years - February 20, 1978 - the award was presented by the Secretary General of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Chairman of the Council of Defense of the USSR, Marshal of the Soviet Union L.I. Brezhnev. The wording from the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR - "For a great contribution to the victory of the Soviet people and its Armed Forces in the Great Patriotic War, outstanding services in strengthening the country's defense capability, for the development and consistent implementation of the foreign policy of the Soviet state, reliably providing the country's development in peaceful conditions" .

September 21, 1989 M.S. Gorbachev signed a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the abolition of the awarding of the Brezhnev Order "Victory" with the wording "as a contrary to the Statute of the Order." Leonid Ilyich, indeed, did not participate in the development of operations that affected the outcome of war. He met the Victory Day in the rank of major general.

Fate awards

Today, all orders, awarded to the Soviet warlords, as well as Marshal Poland M. Roli-Zimersky, are located in Russia. In the Central Museum of Armed Forces, five orders of "Victory" are kept: two - Zhukov, two - Vasilevsky and one - Malinovsky. In the victory hall of this museum, copies of the orders are exhibited, the Order themselves in the store. The remaining copies of the Order "Victory" are in the Hochrane. Order KK Rokossovsky and M. Roli-Zimersky - in the diamond fund.

Eisenhauer's award is kept in the US 34th President of the USA in his hometown of Abilin (Kansas).

Feldmarshal Montgomery Award is exhibited at the Imperial Military Museum in London.

Unclear the fate of the Order of the "Victory" owned by King Mihai I (for the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the victory, he arrived without an order). According to one of the versions, he sold it more than 30 years ago for 4 million dollars. According to the official version, the Order of Victory is in the estate of King Michase I in the town of Versua, in Switzerland.

Prepared Evgeny Starikov

Established by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet of November 8, 1943. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Council of the USSR on August 18, 1944 approved the sample and the description of the ribbon of the Order of the Victory Order, as well as the procedure for wearing a plank with a ribbon of the Order.

Status of the Order.

Order "Victory" He is the highest military order. They are awarded to them the faces of the top command of the Red Army for the successful conduct of such combat operations across one or several fronts, as a result of which the situation in favor of the Red Army is changing.

For awarded the Order "Victory" is established, in a sign of a special difference, a memorial plaque, for making the names of the cavaliers of the Order "Victory". The memorial plaque is installed in the Greater Kremlin Palace. Awarding with this Order is made only by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

The Order "Victory" is worn on the left side of the chest 12-14 cm above the belt.

Description of the Order.

The Sign of the Order of the "Victory" is a convex five-pointed ruby \u200b\u200bstar, bounded by diamonds. In the intervals between the ends of the star, divergent rays destroyed by diamonds. The middle of the star is a circle covered with blue enamel, bordered by a laurel-oak wreath. In the center of the circle, the Golden Image of the Kremlin Wall with the Mausoleum of Lenin and Spasskaya Tower in the center. Above the image with white enamel letters "USSR". In the bottom of the circle on the red enamel ribbon, the inscription with white enamel letters "victory".

The order sign is made of platinum. In the decoration of the Order are used platinum, gold, silver, enamel, five artificial rubies in the rays of the star and 174 small diamonds.

Star size between opposite vertices is 72 mm. The diameter of the circle with the image of the Spasskaya Tower is 31 mm. The total weight of the Order - 78. The content of platinum in the Order - 47 g, gold - 2 g, silver - 19 g. The weight of each of the five rubies is 5 carats. The total weight of the diamonds on the sign is 16 carats.

On the back side of the sign has a rifle pin with a nut to attach an order to clothing.

Ribbon to the Order "Victory" Silk Moirov. In the middle of the tape is a red strip width of 15 mm. On the sides, closer to the edges, strips of green, blue, burgundy and light blue colors. Ribbon bordered by orange and black stripes. The total ribbon width is 46 mm. Height - 8 mm. The ribbon of the Order "Victory" is worn on the left side of the chest, on a separate bar, 1 cm above the other order tapes.

History of the Order.

Order "Victory" is the highest military order of the USSR. This headquarters was established simultaneously with the soldier's order of fame.

One of the first, in July 1943, the Order of the Order under the title "For loyalty to the Motherland" presented for consideration officer of the headquarters of the rear of the Soviet Army Colonel Neelov N.S. However, Stalin did not approve this project and work on creating a sketch of this award was continued. Among the many options for the Order "Victory" presented for the competition, preference was given to the sketch of the artist Kuznetsova A.I., who was also the author of the Order of the Patriotic War. Initially, in the center of the Kuznetsov sign, it was planned to place the grazing profile bas-reliefs of Lenin and Stalin (as it was in the preceding project of Neelov), then an option was considered in the center of the Order of the State Arms of the USSR. In the final version, it was decided to replace the image of the coat of arms in the center of the sign on the image of the Kremlin's Spasskaya tower.

Order No. 1 was awarded the commander of the 1st Ukrainian Front Marshal of the Soviet Union Zhukov G.K. April 10, 1944 for the liberation of the Right Bank of Ukraine. The second Order of the "victory" of Zhukov received, being commander of the 1st Belarusian Front, March 30, 1945 (for the capture of Berlin).

In addition to him, this award was awarded (in order of award) Marshals:

• Head of the General Staff (Later Commander of the 3rd Belarusian Front) Vasilevsky A.M. (April 10, 1944 and April 19, 1945) - for the liberation of the Right Bank of Ukraine and for the capture of Königsberg and the liberation of Eastern Prussia.
• Supreme Commander Stalin I.V. (July 29, 1944 and June 26, 1945) - for the liberation of the Right Bank of Ukraine and the victory over Germany.
• Commander of the 2nd Belarusian Front Rokossovsky KK (March 30, 1945) - for the liberation of Poland.
• Commander of the 1st Ukrainian Front Konev I.S. (March 30, 1945) - for the liberation of Poland and forcing the Oder.
• Commander of the 2nd Ukrainian Front Malinovsky R.Ya. (April 26, 1945) - for the liberation of the territories of Hungary and Austria.
• Commander of the 3rd Ukrainian Front Tolbukhin F. (April 26, 1945) - for the liberation of the territories of Hungary and Austria.
• Commander of the Leningrad Front Govorov L.A. (May 31, 1945) - for the liberation of the Baltic States.
• Representative of the rates of the Supreme Commander Tymoshenko S.K. (June 4, 1945) - for planning combat operations and coordination of the actions of the fronts throughout the war.
• Head of the General Staff of Antonov A.I. (Army General) (June 4, 1945) - for planning combat operations and coordination of front-line actions throughout the war.
• Commander of the Far Eastern Front Meretkov K.A. (September 8, 1945) - following the results of the war with Japan.

Among foreign citizens, these orders were awarded:

• General Army D. Eisenhower (June 5, 1945).
• Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Expeditionary Armed Forces in Western Europe, Field Marshal B.L.Montgomery (June 5, 1945).
• King of Romania Mihai I (July 6, 1945).
• Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Army of Polish (in the USSR) General M. Trojol-Zimerts (August 9, 1945).
• Supreme Commander of the Yugoslav People's Liberation Army Marshal Joseph Brind Tito (September 9, 1945).
  On February 20, 1978, the Order of the Victory was awarded the Secretary General of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Marshal of the Soviet Union
• Brezhnev L.I. After the death of Brezhnev, the award was canceled.

Thus, it is clear that only 12 Soviet military leaders became cavaliers of the Order of the Victory (Zhukov, Vasilevsky and Stalin - twice) and 5 foreign citizens.

All signs of the Order, presented by the Soviet warlords, as well as the order of the Order, awarded Marshal Roli Zhimetsky, are in the Russian Diamond Fund. Eisenhauer's award is located in his Memorial Museum in Abilene, Kansas. Marshal Tito award is exhibited at the Museum "May 25" in Belgrade. Feld Marshal Montgomery is exhibited in Imperial War Museum in London. Only one Order of "Victory", who previously belonged to King Mihai I, is in a private collection. According to some information, it was sold with auction someone from the relatives of Dictator Ceausescu.

In total, the Order of the "victory" was made by 20 awards (one of which was subsequently canceled).

You can find out about the features and varieties of medals on the website of the USSR medal site

The estimated cost of the medal.

The estimated cost of the Order in 1945 was 3.750 pounds sterling, at the moment it can be more than $ 100,000.

According to the current legislation of the Russian Federation, buying and / or selling medals, orders, documents of the USSR and Russia is prohibited, this is all described in Article 324. Acquisition or sale of official documents and state awards. You can read more about it in more detail about this in which the law is disclosed in more detail, as well as those medals, orders and documents that do not belong to this ban.

The Order was established in 1943, after a radical fracture during the Great Patriotic War, when the leadership of the USSR had the need to establish a higher military award, to which it was possible to represent particularly distinguished commander in rank not lower than Marshal.

The work on the sketch of this award was commissioned at once several artists-medal polishers.

Initially, the award was assumed to give the name "for loyalty to the Motherland". However, this project was not approved, and the work on the creation of a sketch of the award was continued. Among the various options, the preference was given to the sketch of the main artist of the technical committee of the main intensity department of Tar A.I. Kuznetsov, the author of the Order of the Patriotic War. The Order of the Order, which presented a five-pointed star with a central round medallion, on which the graceful profile bas-reliefs of Lenin and Stalin were not approved by the Supreme Commander. Stalin expressed a wish to put an image of the Kremlin Spasskaya Tower in the center of the medallion. On October 29, 1943, Kuznetsov presented several sketches, of which Stalin chose one - with the inscription "Victory".

For the manufacture of the Order, platinum and gold, diamonds and rubies were needed. The execution of the order for the production of the order signs was tasked by the masters of the Moscow Jewelry-hour Factory, which was a unique case - "victory" became the only one of all domestic orders, made not on the Mint. It was assumed to make 30 ordine signs. According to experts, each of them was required 180 (taking into account the damage) of diamonds and 300 grams of platinum. In the process of manufacturing the Order, we faced a problem: natural rubies had various shades of red and collect even one ordinar, withstanding the color, did not seem to be possible. Then it was decided to use artificial rubies, from which it was possible to cut the right amount of blanks of the same color. A total of 22 copies of the Order were manufactured, of which 3 copies were not presented to anyone.

The first award took place on April 10, 1944. The owner of the Order No. 1 was the commander of the 1st Ukrainian front of Marshal G. Zhukov. Order N 2 received the head of the General Staff Marshal A. Vasilevsky. The Order of the Victory N 3 was awarded the Supreme Commander Marshal I. Stalin. All of them are marked as high awards for the liberation of the Right Bank of Ukraine.

The following awards occurred only in a year. On March 30, 1945, the Cavaliers of the Order of the Order: Commander of the 2nd Belarusian Front Marshal K. Rokossovsky - For the liberation of Poland and the commander of the 1st Ukrainian Front Marshal I. Konev - for the liberation of Poland and forcing the Oder.

On April 26, the list was replenished by two more names - the commander of the 2nd Ukrainian front of Marshal R. Malinovsky and the commander of the 3rd Ukrainian Front of Marshal F. Tolbukhina. Both were awarded for the liberation of Hungary and Austria.

On May 31, the Kavaler of the Order was the commander of the Leningrad Front Marshal L. Govorov for the liberation of Estonia. By the same decree, the commander of the 1st Belarusian Front of the Marshal of Zhukov and the Commander of the 3rd Belarusian Front, Marshal A.Vasilevsky were awarded the Order of Victory Secondary. The first - for the capture of Berlin, the second - for the capture of Königsberg and the liberation of Eastern Prussia.

On June 4, the Order of Victory was awarded the representative of the rates of the Supreme Commander of Marshal S.Timoshenko and the head of the General Staff, A.ANTONOV - the only cavaller of the Order of Victory, who did not have Marshall title. By decree of June 26, 1945, the Order of Victory was secondaryly awarded I. Stalin. According to the results of the war with Japan, the commander of the Far Eastern Front Marshal K. Metskov became Kavaler.

Another order was intended for the Army General I. Chernyakhovsky. The order for awarding and assigning him the title of Marshal Soviet Union was already ready, but because of the sudden death of General on February 18, 1945, the order remained unfulfilled under the flaw.

Thus, the Order of Victory in the USSR was awarded 10 Marshals of the Soviet Union - three of them twice - and 1 General of the Army.

After the end of the war, it was decided to award the Order of the Victory of the Warlords of the Allied Forces. By decree of June 5, 1945, "For outstanding successes in conducting a large scale operations, as a result of which the victory of the United Nations over Hitler Germany was reached," were awarded:

uS Army General Duight Eisenhower, Feldmarshal Sir Bernard Loy Montgomery, Marshal Poland Mikhal Roli - Zimersky.

The King of Romania Mihai I Gogenzollerne-Zigmaringen on August 23, 1944, arrested with the Hitler Germany members of the Government of Romania. For this act, Mihai on July 6, 1945, he was awarded the Order of the "victory" with the wording "for a courageous act of a decisive turn of Romanian policy towards the gap with Hitler Germany and the Union with the United Nations at the moment when the defeat of Germany was not yet determined."

On September 9, 1945, the last foreign cavalier of the Order of the Victory was September 9, 1945, Marshal of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito.

In 1966, the Order of Victory was supposed to reward the President of France Charles de Gaulle during his visit to the USSR, but the award did not take place.

On February 20, 1978, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR adopted a decree awarding the Secretary General of the CPSU Central Committee, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Marshal of the Soviet Union L.I. Brezhnev Order "Victory". However, on September 21, 1989, the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR M.S. Gorbachev signed a decree on the abolition of awarding L I. Brezhnev with the wording "as a contrary to the Statute of the Order."