Chesterfield - biography, information, personal life. Biography Watch what is "Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stenkhop" in other dictionaries

Biography

Far relative and direct heir to the title of the influential policy of James Stenahop, the 1st count of Chesterfield (1673-1721), Philip Nethekop was brought up by a governor-French, studied at Trinity College of Cambridge University (-) and committed for a rich gentleman of those years a journey ( Grand Tour) on the continent. It was interrupted by the death of Queen Anna. James Stenahop called Philip to his homeland and arranged him in place lord Podochiva Prince Wales; The Philip was part of the House of Commons from the Cornwall village of St. Germain (see Rotary Place). The first speech in parliament turned out for him a fine of 500 pounds, since Philip disadvantaged six weeks before the age of majority.

In 1716, during the conflict between the King of Georg I and his son, the future Georg II, Stenchop joined the camp of the prince of Wales and his mistress Henrietta Howard, which brought him political benefits at the Addendum of George II on the throne and the hatred of Princess Wales. With the death of the Father in Philip, the title of Chesterfield Count Chartfield and moved from the House of Commons to the House of Lords. Here, his oratory skill, unnecessary in the lower chamber, finally appreciated and in 1728 Chesterfield accepted an important post of ambassador in the Hague (probably that he was a kind of honorable reference arranged by Walpol). Chesterfield turned out to be a capable diplomat, concluded for the UK Vienna Treaty of 1731, but due to weak health, he returned to his homeland in 1732. The diplomatic service brought him the Order of Garters and the court title of Lord Steward. In the same 1732, his illegitimate son from Elizabeth Du Bush was born in the Hague, and Philip Stenkhop (second, 1732-1768), which was subsequently Chesterfield dedicated "Letters to the Son."

Returning to the ward of the Lords, Chesterfield became one of her leaders. Soon, due to the law on excise taxes, Chestervid moved to the open opposition to Walpol and lost the court titles. The opposition was able to remove Walpola from power only in 1742, but there was no place in the new government for Chesterfield; He spoiled relationships and with new tempors, and with Georg II himself. C 1743 Chesterfield wrote Anti-Georgian treatises to the magazine "Old England" under the name "Jeffrey Broadbottom). Finally, in 1744 Chesterfield Coalition, Pitt and Henry Pelham managed to dump the government Carter, and Chesterfield returned to the executive power. Initially, he again went to the Ambassador to Hague, where he achieved the entry of Holland to the war for the Austrian legacy on the side of the British. This was followed by an extremely successful board at the post of Lord-Lieutenant Ireland in 1744-1746, which is considered the top of Chesterfield administrator. In 1746, he returned to London to the post of Secretary of State, but in 1748 he quit from all posts due to forever spoiled relationships with the king and queen and refused the "comforting" duke title.

For some time, he continued parliamentary activities, including opposed the "act about the coat of arms" and contributed to the transition of Great Britain to the Gregorian calendar, which was called - calendar Chesterfield.. However, because of the sensed deafness by the end of the 1750s, Chesterfield left the politics forever!

"Letters to the Son"

Chesterfield was married to calculating the illegal daughter George I, Melube von Schulenburg, but did not bother legal children in this marriage. Philip Stenkhop (second), his beloved illegitimate son, had every father's support (including a place in the community ward), but was not accepted into the highest light. In addition, in old age Chesterfield adopted the Third Philip Stenkhopa (1755-1815), which in the end and became the heir of family wealth.

Philip Stenkhop (second), despite the close guard of the father, had from 1750 "intolerable" connection with Irish Evgenia Dornvil, from which in 1761 and 1763 two sons were born - Charles and Philip (fourth); Parents got married only in 1767, and in 1768 the 36-year-old Philip Stenahop (second) died in Valley. Chesterfield found out about the existence of grandchildren only after the death of his son. In his testament, he left them a small capital, and nothing - their mother. It was a lack of launching of Evgeny Stenahop to sell letters to publishers who have never been intended for printing. The publication caused shock in English Society with his family "frankness"; The collection of letters became popular reading and repeatedly reprinted, bringing a widow.

Chesterfield letters contain an extensive set of instructions and recommendations in the spirit of pedagogical ideas J. Lokk. The narrow-attractive focus of the education program (preparation for the Great Survessment and State Career) shocked many Chesterfield contemporaries, but "letters" were highly estimated by Voltaire as a sample of epistolary prose XVIII century and a sincere human document. In addition, after the death of the graph, Maxims (1777) and "Characters" () were published. Chesterfield also attributes a number of apocryphic writings, including the "Apology of the Resignation" (1748).

Chesterfield in literature

Watch what is "Lord Chesterfield" in other dictionaries:

- (Chesterfield) Chesterfield (Chesterfield) Philip Dormer Stanhop (1694 1773) English Writer, State Avestigator. Count, Lord. Born on September 22, 1694 in London. 1714 1715 studied at the University of Cambridge. From 1715 member of parliament (from 1726 ... ...

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Philip Dormer Stenkhop, 4th CHAF Chesterfield (English Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, September 22, 1694, London March 24, 1773, ibid) English statesman, diplomat and writer, author "Letters to Son". Before the death of his father in ... ... Wikipedia

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Philip Dormer Stenkhop Chesterfield - English State Worker, Diplomat and Writer, author "Letters to Son." Before the death of the father in 1726 was known under the title Lord Stenahop (Lord Stanhope).

Philip Stenahop was the eldest son of the third Chesterfield (also wearing the name of Philip Stenahop, 1673-1726) and Elizabeth Savy, the daughter of George Savel, the Marquis of Halifax. Philip Nethekop was brought up by a governor-French, Reverend Zhuno. In 1712, at the age of 16, he decided on Trinity College of the University of Cambridge (1712-1714) and in 1714 he made a mandatory journey for the rich gentleman of those years (Grand Tour) on the continent, visiting only Hague (Holland). The journey was interrupted by the death of Queen Anna. James Stanhope, 1st Count Stanhope James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope (1673 - 1721), relatives Philip, Minister and Favorite King, called Philip to his homeland and arranged him at the place of Lord Podirls (Gentleman of Bedchamber) Prince of Wales - Future George II . In 1715, Stenhekop entered the House of Commons from the Cornwall village of St. Germain (see the rotten places). The first speech in Parliament (Maiden Speech) turned out for him with a fine of 500 pounds, as Stenchopa lass six weeks before the age of majority.

In 1716, the conflict between the King of Georg I and his son, future Georg II, Stenchop later joined the prince of Welsh Prince and His mistress Henrietta Howard, which brought him political benefits at the Addendum of George II for the throne and the hatred of Princess Wales. However, at first Stenchopu had to go to Paris, where he remained for about two years. There he met Montesquieu, Voltaire and other French writers. In 1722, Stenchop returned to London and already here tied close connections with English writers, among whom were Addison, Swift, Pup, Gay, Arbotnot, etc.

With the death of the Father in 1726, Stenkhop accepted the title of Chesterfield's title and moved from the House of Commons to the House of Lords. Here, his oratory skill, unnecessary in the lower chamber, finally appreciated and in 1728, Chesterfield took an important post of ambassador to the Hague (probably that he was a kind of honorary reference arranged by Walpol). Chesterfield turned out to be a capable diplomat, concluded for the UK Vienna Treaty of 1731, but due to weak health, he returned to his homeland in 1732. The diplomatic service brought him the order of garters and the court title of Lord Steward. In the same 1732, his illegitimate son from Elizabeth Du Bush was born in the Hague, and Philip Stenkhop (second, 1732-1768), which was subsequently Chesterfield dedicated "Letters to the Son." Skomplegranty du Bush lost its place, but Chesterfield settled her in the London suburb.

Returning to the ward of the Lords, Chesterfield became one of her leaders. Soon, due to the Chesterfield excise law, Chesterfield moved to the open opposition to Walpol and lost court titles. The opposition was able to remove Walpola from power only in 1742, but there was no place in the new government for Chesterfield; He spoiled relationships and with new tempors, and with Georg II himself. C 1743 Chesterfield wrote Anti-Georgian treatises to the magazine "Old England" under the name "Jeffrey Broadbottom). Finally, in 1744 Chesterfield Coalition, Pitt and Henry Pelham managed to dump the government Carter, and Chesterfield returned to the executive power. Initially, he again went to the Ambassador to Hague, where he achieved the entry of Holland to the war for the Austrian legacy on the side of the British. In September 1733, after returning from his mission in the Netherlands, Chesterfield married Mellyin von Schulenburg. This was followed by an extremely successful board at the post of Lord-Lieutenant Ireland in 1744-1746, which is considered the top of Chesterfield administrator. In 1746, he returned to London to the post of Secretary of State, but in 1748 he quit all the posts due to forever spoiled relationships with the king and queen and refused the "comforting" duke title.

For some time, he continued parliamentary activities, including counteracting the "act about the coat of arms" and contributed to the transition of Great Britain to the Gregorian calendar, which was called Chesterfield calendar.

However, due to the endless deafness by the end of the 1750s, Chesterfield left the policy forever.

Philip Stenkhop (second), despite the close guard of his father, had since 1750, the "intransibration" connection with Irish Eugene Dornvil, from which in 1761 and 1763 two sons were born - Charles and Philip (fourth); Parents got married only in 1767, and in 1768, the 36-year-old Philip Stenkhop (second) died in Valley. Chesterfield found out about the existence of grandchildren only after the death of his son. In his testament, he left them a small capital, and nothing - their mother. It was the lack of a launched by the eagle of the Stenchop to sell letters to publishers who have never been intended for printing. The publication caused shock in English Society with his family "frankness"; The collection of letters became popular reading and repeatedly reprinted, bringing a widow.

Chesterfield letters contain an extensive set of instructions and recommendations in the spirit of pedagogical ideas J. Locke. The narrow-attractive focus of the education program (preparation for the Great Survessment and State Career) shocked many Chesterfield contemporaries, but "letters" were highly estimated by Voltaire as a sample of epistolary prose XVIII century and a sincere human document. He wrote Marquis Du Deffan on August 12, 1774: "This book is very instructive, and, perhaps, this is the best of everything ever written about the upbringing."

My dear boy!

Thank you for worrying about my health; I would have long made myself felt, but here I wanted to write letters on the waters. I'd better since I am here, and therefore I stay for a month.

Signor Dzamboni grows me more praise more than that I stand. And you try to deserve everything he talks about you; Remember that every praise, if she is not deserved, becomes a cruelock and even more than that - insult, and everything is clearly denied human flavors and recklessness. This is a rhetorical figure whose name is irony: A person speaks the exact opposite of what he thinks. And at the same time, this is not a lie, for he clearly makes it clear that he thinks not at all what he says, but just the opposite. For example, if someone praises the selected fraudster for his decency and incorruptible honesty, and round fool - for his ability and wit, - the irony is completely obvious and everyone will easily understand that it is no more like a ridicule. Imagine that I would exalt you for the fact that you are very closely exploring your book, and for having learned and remember everything that has once taught, - did you not immediately notice my irony, not I felt that I laugh at you? Therefore, when you begin for something to exalt, think well and decide, you deserve this praise or not; And if not, then know that you only mock and laugh; Try in the future to be worthy of the best and make so that in relation to you every irony turned out to be inappropriate.

Pass from me bow Mr. Mettera and thank him for the letter. He writes that you will again have to take for Latin and Greek grammar; I hope that you will study them thoroughly to my return; But, even if you can't do it, I still praise you for adjacent and memory. Goodbye.

My dear boy!

You are busy with Rome's story; Hope you pay attention to this subject enough attention and strength.

The benefits of history is mainly in the examples of the virtue and vice of people who lived to us: they should be made by their own conclusions. History awakens in us the love of good and pushes on good acts; She shows us how at all times they were honored and respected by the people of great and virtuous during his lifetime, and also some glory they crowned the offspring, perpetuating their names and the memory of them to the present day.

In the history of Rome, we find more examples of nobility and generosity, in other words, the greatness of the soul than in the history of any other country. There was no one who did not surprise that the consuls and dictators (and as you know, these were their main rulers) left their plow to lead the army to the enemy, and then won, again they took a plow and lived their days in a modest privacy, - Solitude more glorious than all the victories preceded him! A lot of the greatest people of antiquity died such a poor thing that they had to bury them at the state account. Living in extreme need, the Kuri nevertheless refused the major amount of money that he wanted to give Selfishan, answering that the benefit was not in to have money himself, but only to have power over those who have them . This is what Cicero tells about it: "Curio Ad Focum Sedenti Magnum Auri Pondus Samnites Cum Attulissent, Repudiati AB EO Sant. Non Enim Aurum Habere Praeclarum Sibi Videri, Sed Iis, Qui Haberent Aurum Imperare » . As for the facility, which was repeatedly brought to command the Roman armies and every time it is invariably to defeat enemies, then people who came to him saw how he sitting at the hearth, eating lunch from herbs and roots, they were also planted and grown in the garden. Seneca writes: "Fabricius. Ad Focum Coenat Illas Ipsas Radices, Quas, In Agro Repurgando, Triumphalis Senex Vulsit » .

When Scypion won in Spain, among those captured by the young princess of rare beauty, which, as he was told, was to marry one noble compatriot soon. He ordered that she cared for her and cared not worse than in his hometown, and as soon as she was looking for her beloved, he gave him to his wife to the princess, and the money that his father sent her to buy a daughter, joined the dowry. Valery Maxim speaks about this: "Eximiae Formae Virginem Accersitis Parentibus Et Sponso, Inviolatam Tradidit, Et Juvenis, Et Colebs, Et Victor" . It was a wonderful example of restraint, excerpts and generosity, who conquered the hearts of all residents of Spain, who, according to Libya, said: " Venisse Diis Simillimum Juvenem, Vincenhem Omnia, Turn Armis, Turn Benignitate, AC Beneficiis » . These are the awards, invariably crowded virtues; These are the characters that you have to imitate, if you want to be glorified and kind, and this is the only way to come to happiness. Goodbye.

Monday

My dear boy!

I am very sorry that I have not received yesterday from M-Ra Mettera Tech reports about you who were waiting with the hope. He spends so much strength to class with you, which deserved you to relate to them carefully and diligently. In addition, now they are talking about you as a boy who knows much more than everyone else, - what will be ashamed to lose their good name and allow your peers that you leave behind, ahead of you. You lack only attention, you quickly grab, you have a good memory; But if you are not able to be attentive, the clock that you leak over the book will be thrown into the wind. Think only, what shame and stamp: to have such opportunities to learn - and to remain ignorant. The person is ignorant insignificant and worthy of contempt; No one wants to be in his society, you can only say that he lives, and nothing more. There is a good French epigram on the death of such an ignorant, insignificant person. Its meaning is that only one thing can be said about this person: once he lived, and now - died. Here is this epigram, it will not be easy for you to learn her by heart:

Try not to deserve the name of Cola, and I will certainly call you so if you are not good to learn, and then this nickname you will be confirmed and everyone will call you Cola, and this is much worse than Shalun.

english statesman, diplomat and writer, author "Letters to Son"

Biography

Philip Stenkhop was the eldest son of the third Chesterfield (also wearing the name of Philip Stenahop, 1673-1726) and Elizabeth Savy, daughter George Savila, Galifax Marquis . He also accounted for a distant relative and direct heir to the title of the influential policy of James Stenahop, the 1st Chesterfield Count (1673-1721). Philip Nethekop was brought up by a governor-French, Reverend Zhuno. In 1712, at the age of 16, he decided on Trinity College of the University of Cambridge (1712-1714) and in 1714 he made a mandatory journey for the rich gentleman of those years (Grand Tour) on the continent, visiting only Hague (Holland). The journey was interrupted by death queen Anna . James Stenkhop called Philip to his homeland and arranged him at the place of Lord Podchiva (Gentleman of Bedchamber) Prince of Wales - Future George II. In 1715, Stenhekop entered the House of Commons from the Cornwall village of St. Germain (see the rotten places). The first speech in Parliament (Maiden Speech) turned out for him with a fine of 500 pounds, as Stenchopa lass six weeks before the age of majority.

In 1716 there was a conflict between the king Georg I. And his son, the future George II, Stenchop later joined the prince of the Prince of Wales and his mistress Henrietta Howard, which brought him political benefits at the promotion of George II for the throne and the hatred of Princess Wales. However, at first Stenchopu had to go to Paris, where he remained for about two years. There he met Montquiece, Volterom and other French writers. In 1722, Stenkhop returned to London and already here tied close ties with English writers, among whom were Addison, Swift, Pop , Gay , Arbaten and etc.

With the death of the Father in 1726, Stenkhop accepted the title of Chesterfield's title and moved from the House of Commons to the House of Lords. Here, his oratory skill, unnecessary in the lower chamber, finally appreciated and in 1728, Chesterfield accepted an important post of ambassador to the Hague (probably that he was a kind of honorable reference arranged Walpol). Chesterfield turned out to be a capable diplomat, concluded for the UK Vienna Treaty of 1731, but due to weak health, he returned to his homeland in 1732. The diplomatic service brought him the order of garters and the court title of Lord Steward. In the same 1732, his illegitimate son from Elizabeth Du Bush was born in the Hague, and Philip Stenkhop (second, 1732-1768), which was subsequently Chesterfield dedicated "Letters to the Son." Skomplegranty du Bush lost its place, but Chesterfield settled her in the London suburb.