The first letter indicates a ringing sound online. Paired ringing and deaf consonants

When pronouncing calls consonant air flow creates fluctuations in voice ligaments.If a vocal cords not involved, the sound is considered glukhim.

But in Russian, the ringing letter does not always indicate a ring sound (and on the contrary: the deaf consonant does not always indicate a deaf sound). It depends on the position of the letter in the word.

Consistent consonant frequently stuning in the end of the word. For example, in the word "colander" at the end we read "K", because the sound is in a weak position. Also may be laughed before deaf consonants. For example, the word "gait" we pronounce as "Pahotote ka".

To determine which letter will be correctly written, the letter must be put in a single word in a strong position (that is, before vowel or consonant m, l, n, p).

For example: "Boat" - "Boat", "Mushroom" - "Mushroom".

Table

Also, pairs of deafness / bells are pairs of soft consonants, from those specified in the table. For example: "B '- P'", "B '- F'".

Solid and soft

In words, the same letter may designate both solid and soft sounds. This is due to the influence of subsequent consonants for soft / hardness. Before A, Oh, y, s, these are solid consonants, before and, E, E, Yu, I am soft.

Table

In Russian, voiced and deaf consonants vary by participation / non-participatory voices in the formation of consonant sound.

The calls are the following consonants: [b], [b '], [in], [in'], [g], [g '], [d], [d'], [z], [z], [z '], [ y '], [l], [l'], [m], [m '], [n], [n'], [p], [p '].

The sound is also the sound [f '], which occurs in the speech of individual people in the words of yeast, the entrance and some others.

The deaf are the following consonant sounds: [ k], [K '], [P], [P'], [C], [C '], [T], [T'], [F], [F '], [x], [x '] [C], [h'], [sh], [sh '].

To remember which consonants are deaf, there is a mnemonic rule (the rule for memorization): in the phrase "Stump, do you want a chance?" - "Fi!" Contains all deaf consonants.

11 pairs of opposed to the deafness / wallers of consonants are distinguished: [b] - [p], [b '] - [p'], [in] - [φ], [in '] - [f'], [g] - [K], [g '] - [k'], [d] - [t], [d '] - [t'], [s] - [s], [z '] - [s'], [F] - [sh]. The listed sounds are, respectively, either ringwall pairs or deaf pairs.

The remaining consonants are characterized as unpaired. Known is not related to [th '], [l], [l'], [m], [m '], [n], [n'], [p], [p '], to the deaf unpaired - sounds [x], [x '], [c], [h'], [sh '].

But the appearance of a deaf or sound sound It may be predetermined by its position in the word. Such a deafness / bell is disconnected, "forced," and the position in which it occurs is considered weak in deafness / bell.

Walking pairs are stunned (or rather, change on the deaf)

1) in the absolute end of the word: pond [Prut];

2) Before deaf: Booth [Butka].

The deaf paired consonants facing the bellows, except [in], [in '], [th'], [l], [l '], [m], [m'], [n], [n '], [P], [R '], are spinning, that is, they change to be ringing: threshing [Malad'b].

Consonant ringing and deaf. Stunning and sponsoring

According to the sound and the method of education, the consonants are divided in Russian on bell and deaf.

Corresponding consonants are formed with the participation of voice ligaments and consist of voices and noise. Deaf consonants are formed without the participation of voice ligaments and consist only of noise.

Most of the consonants form a pair of deafness / bell. Table:

Some consonants do not form couples on the bells / deafness (they are, so to speak, "only ringing" or "only deaf").

Unpaired deaf consonants: [x], [x '], [C], [h'], [sh '].

Unpaired ringing consonants: [y '], [l], [l'], [m], [m '], [n], [n'], [p], [p '].

In a speech stream in certain positions, paired ringing consonants change on the deaf (stunning), and the paired deaf - on ringing (spinning).

Corresponding consonants are stunning in two positions:

1. At the end of the word:

Bread - [CL'EP].

(Many) Flowers - [Ts'itof].

2. Before deaf consonants:

Claws - [Cock'i].

Spoon - [Hostel].

Under the floor - [pathpills].

Deaf consonants are spinning in positions before paired ringing:

Please - [Pros'bba].

Issue - [Adboy "].

With a friend - [Zdrogam].

The consonants are soft and solid. Mitigating solid consonants

According to sound and the method of education, the consonants are divided into Russian on solid and soft.

Soft consonants are formed with the participation of the middle of the language and have a special, "soft" sound. Solid consonants are formed without the participation of the middle part of the tongue and have a "solid" sound.

Most of the consonants form a pair of hardness / softness.

Some consonants do not form steam on hardness / softness (they are, so to speak, "only solid" or "only soft").

Unpaired solid consonants: [F], [Ш], [C].

Unpaired soft consonants: [th '], [ch'], [sh '].

Solid consonants cannot be combined with a vowel sound of [and] after them, soft consonants cannot be combined with a vowel sound after them [s].

Man - [Mussy] (here after solid [g] sounds [s]).

He taught - [uk'yl] (here after soft [h '] sounds [and]).

In some cases, in the flow of speech there is a mitigation of paired solid consonants.

Solid [H] can vary on soft [n '] in combination [n'ch'], [n'sh '].

Damn - pancake [Bla'in'ch'ik].

Change is a changeier [cm'an'st'ik].

Solid [D], [T], [З], [C], [H] can be softened before soft [d '], [t'], [s'], [s'], [n '].

Whistle - SWIT [SAT '].

Forest - le [with "n"] IR.

The treasury - in ka [z "n"] e.

Bow - Ba [n "T"] IR.

India - and [n "d] ia.

The likelihood of consonant on sound and pronunciation, fragments of consonants in difficult-acting combinations

In addition to mitigating, sounding and stunning in the speech stream, the consonant sounds are subjected to certain positions and other changes. Note some of them.

Sounds [s], [s], [d], [t] before consonants [Ж], [Ш], [h "], [sh"] are like them on sound and pronunciation.

Sew - [Sheshyt '].

Relieved - [razhech '].

Account - [Shch'st'yot].

Embedded - RA [Shch'sh '] grilled.

Susset - [Pach'C'is't'it '].

With Zhuko - [Zzhzhuk].

From wool - [Ishshchers "T" and].

In the verbs, the sounds of [T '] and [C'] sounds, mutually approaching pronunciation, coincide in the double sound of [CCS].

- [Rvanation].

It is suitable - [Gad'itz].

In combination TCK sounds [t] and [s], mutually liketing pronunciation, coincide in the sound [C].

Arbat - [Arbatsk'y "].

Pirate - [p'imatsky "].

With a difficult-acting combination of consonant sounds, one of them may take place.

Domineering - vo [CH]

Heart - CE [RC] e.

Late - by [zn] about.

Sun - with [NTS] e.

Envy - dependent on [with "l"].

Feeling - Chu [ST] o.

Six hundred [ss] from.

Dutch - Holla [ns] cue.

Public shock and unast. Reduction of unstressed vowels

According to the peculiarities of pronunciation, duration and strength of the sound, vowel sounds are divided into shock and unstressed.

Impact vowels have significantly greater duration and power of sound than unstressed. Impact vowels are characterized by a clearer pronunciation than unstable.

Impact vowels form percussion syllables in speech, unstressed vowels - unstressed syllables.

In an unstressed position, the vowels are pronounced less clearly and sound with a smaller duration (i.e. reduced).

Public [and], [s], [y] without emphasis, in general, retain your sound.

Saw - [p'el].

Smok - [smoke].

Hand - [Hand].

Vowels [o], [u], [a] without emphasis change the quality of their sound.

After solid consonants, unstressed [o] and [a] coincide in a brief voice sound, close, but not identical [A] (in the school course phonetics for this sound there is no special icon, the [A] symbol is used).

Chapter - [Chapter].

Words - [Glory].

After soft consonants, unstressed [e] and [a] coincide in a brief voice sound, close, but not identical [and] (in the school course phonetics, there is no special icon for this sound, the [and] symbol is used).

Cases - [d'Ile].

Pyatt - [p'itak].

Double role of letters E, E, Yu, I'm in Russian graphics

Letters e., E, Yu, I Play a double role in Russian graphics.

Letters e., E, Yu, I There are two sounds at once if they stand at the beginning of the word, or after dividing Kommersant and b, or after vowel sound: [y'E], [y'o], [y'u], [y'a].

There is - [y'ES "T"] (letter e. Indicates two sounds at the beginning of the word).

Space - [Pral "th" from] (letter e. Indicates two sounds after b).

Comfort - [yyoot] (letter yu Indicates two sounds after vowel).

The letters E, E, Yu, I, standing after soft consonants, denote only the vowels [e], [o], [y], [a] and the softness of the previous consonant.

Forest - [L'ES].

Honey - [M'OT].

Luke - [l').

Row - [R'At].

In this lesson, we will learn to distinguish between ringing and deaf consonants and designate them in writing by consonant letters. We learn what consonants are called pair and unpaired calling - deafness, sonorous and hissing.

Ring and deaf consonants

Recall how sound sounds are born. When a person begins to speak, he exhales the air from the lungs. In the respiratory throat, he runs to a narrow larynx where there are special muscles - voice ligaments. If a person pronounces consonant sounds, it closes (at least a little bit) mouth, because of this there is noise. But they are no more consonant in different ways.

We will experience: I will climb the ears and say the sound [P], and then the sound [b]. When we uttered the sound [b], the ligaments stretched and began to tremble. This trembling turned into a voice. In the ears a little rang.

You can spend similar experience, putting hands on the neck with the right and left side, and pronounce the sounds [d] and [t]. Sound [d] pronounced a lot of call, more sound. Such sounds scientists called ringing, and sounds that consist only of noise - deaf.

Paired on the bells-deafness consonants

Let's try to divide the sounds into two groups by the method of pronunciation. Spell phonetic houses in the city of sounds. We agree: on the first floor there will be deaf sounds, and on the second - ringing. Residents of the first house:

These consonant sounds are called parn By calling - deafness.

Fig. 1. Paired ringing and deaf consonants ()

They are very similar to each other - real "twins", and they are pronounced almost the same: lips are equally folded, the language is equally moving. But they have couples and softness - hardness. Add them to the house.

Sounds [F] and [sh] no paired soft sounds, they are always hard. And they are called hissing Sounds.

All these sounds are denoted by letters:

Unpaired ringing sound sounds

But not all consonant sounds and letters form a couple. Those consonants that steam do not have, called unpaired. Set the unpaired consonant sounds in your houses.

In the second house - unparalleryring consistent Sounds:

Recall that the sound [y '] always just soft. Therefore, in our house it will live one. These sounds indicate letters in the letter:

Sounds of the second house called more sonornos because they are formed by voice and almost without noise, they are very sound. The word "sonorous" translated from the Latin Sonorus means ringing.

Unpaired deaf consonants

In the third house we settle unpaired deaf consonantssounds:

Recall that the sound [C] is always solid, and [h '] and [sh'] - always soft. Unpaired deaf consonants denote in letter letters:

Sounds [ch '], [sh'] - shipping sounds.

So we settled our city of consonant sounds and letters. Now it is immediately clear why consonant letters - 21, and sounds - 36.

Fig. 2. Write and deaf consonants ()

Consolidation of knowledge in practice

Perform the tasks.

1. Consider the pictures and turn one word to another, replacing only one sound. Tip: Recall the pairs of consonant sounds.

d. point - Point

b. point - kidney

sh aR - Fire

fishing rod - duck

2. There are riddles, the meaning of which is concluded in the knowledge of consonant sounds, they are called charaks. Try to guess them:

1) with a deaf consonant in the field,
With a ringing - myself link I'm on the detriment . (Colos - Voice)

2) with a deaf - herb she cuts off,
With ringing - leaves essay. (Spit - goat)

3) with Em - pleasant, goldist, very sweet and soul.
With the letter "El" in the winter, and the spring disappears . (Honey)

In order to develop the ability to pronounce some sounds, especially hissing, taught patter. Spear toll first slowly, and then accelerate the pace. Let's try to learn speigned:

1. Six mice in the reeds rustle.
2. Hergehog is hedgehog, hard is horror.
3. Two cheek puppies to the cheek broke the brush in the corner.

So today we learned that the consonant sounds can be ringing and deaf and as indicated by these sounds.

1. Andrianova T.M., Ilyukhina V.A. Russian language 1. M.: Astrel, 2011. ().
2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronon O.V. Russian language 1. M.: Ballas. ().
3. Agarkova N.G., Agarkov Yu.A. Tutorial on learning literacy and reading: ABC. Academknig / tutorial.

1. FICTIONBook.ru ().
2. DeafNet.Ru ().
3. Samouchka.com.ua ().

1. Andrianova T.M., Ilyukhina V.A. Russian language 1. M.: Astrel, 2011. p. 38, UPR. 2; P. 39, UPR. 6; P. 43, UPR. four.
2. Count how many voiced consonants and how many deaf in the word unsatisfactory ? (Ring consonants - 9 - n, d, in, l, in, p, l, n, th, different -6, deaf consonants - 2 - t, t, different - 1.).
3. Read the Proverb: « Quality to say in time, to silence in time. " Name letters that indicate ringing consonants. (Ring consonants denote in the proverb letter M, B, B, R, Z, L.)
4. 4 * Using the knowledge gained in the classroom, write a fairy tale or draw a comic on the topic "in the city of consonant sounds."

1. Consider pictures. Take the names of the names of objects. Listen to the sound of consonant sounds in these words.

• When using what consonants only noise is heard? And when they say what consonants does the voice, and the noise?
• Write words. We emphasize the letters in them, which are indicated by the consonants.

2. Call letters.

• We say the consonant sounds that can be marked with the letters of the lower row. What do you hear, saying these sounds: noise? voice and noise? Of course, noise! it deaf consonant sounds.
• We say consonant sounds that can be marked with the letters of the upper row. What do you hear: noise? vote? voice and noise? Of course, voice and noise! it ringing consonant sounds.

Pay attention! When pronouncing deaf Consult sounds are heard only noise. Ringing The consonants are pronounced with the participation of the voice, they are keenly than the deaf.

3. Consider pictures.

• Name items. Listen to the pronunciation of consonant sounds in these words. In which words do you hear only ringing consonants, in what - only the deaf, and in what words there are also ringing, and deaf consonant sounds?
• Prinders of the order of consonant sounds in any word and determined what they are: deaf or bell, hard or soft.

4. Read.

• What sounds differ in the words of each pair? Take these sounds.

Page for curious

Deaf and ring consonants

Some deaf and ringing sound sounds are combined into pairs. Why?

We experience the experience: pronounce the sound [F] everything is louder and louder. What is he: ringing or deaf? True, sound [F] - ring consonant sound.

And now pronounce the sound [F] all quieter and quieter, almost whisper. Do you feel that the voice disappeared, there was noise? And you already pronounce a deaf consonant sound [sh].

Such consonants are called pairwise Sounds.

5. We will pronounce the solid pair of deafness, the consonant sounds, then soft paired consonants.

• Explain why in the first column six pairs of sounds, and in the second only five.
• Pick words in which there are these sounds.

Pay attention! The rest of the consonants are called unparallered.
Unparallery ringing The consonants: [l], [l], [m], [m], [n]. [N "], [p], [p"], [th "].
Unparallery deaf The consonants: [x], [x "], [c], [h"], [sh "].

6. Read.

Forget-me-not disclose
Blue eye
And Rosinka sparkles in it,
As a diamond.
(Boyko)

• Find in lines of words that answer the question of what? And end in the letter, denoting the pair by deaf-belling, the consistent sound. Take this sound. What letter is he labeled in words?

7. Consider the mousets of the textbook "Miracle Town Sounds" and "Miracle Town of Letters".

• Find fabulous houses there, where "live" pair and unpaired consonant sounds and letters denoting these sounds.
• Let one of you pronounce a deaf or ringing consonant sound, and the other calls the word that begins with this sound.