Golf topic in English. Presentation on the theme "Sports in Great Britain (England)" In winter, schools play

Golf is one of the most popular outdoor sports in the world. It is played on a golf course. Players try to hit a golf ball into a small hole with as few strokes as possible. Millions of men and women around the world play golf for fun, thousands play tournaments and millions around the world watch golf on TV.

A golf course

Golf courses have different sizes and shapes. Most of them have 18 holes that are between a hundred and 500 meters long. If you have finished playing all 18 holes you have played a round of golf.

Each hole has a starting place, called a tee. This is a small area from which the golfer takes the first stroke or drive. The grass between the tee and the green is called the fairway. Sometimes fairways can be very long and golf players need a few strokes to get to the green. The land on the left and right of the fairway is the rough. It is made up of tall grass, bushes and trees.

The green is the round area at the end of the fairway. It has special grass that is very short. In the middle of the green is a hole. It has a flag placed in it so that golfers can see where it is.

Almost all golf courses have hazards. These are small lakes, sandy areas and bunkers. They make it more difficult for players to hit the ball.

Golf equipment

A golfer needs a ball and a set of golf clubs to play golf. A golf ball is made of rubber and has a plastic covering. It weighs about 1.62 ounces (46 grams).

Golf clubs

In a tournament golf players can use up to 14 different types of golf clubs. Each club is used to play the ball in a different situation. Generally, there are two basic categories of clubs: woods and irons. They are numbered from 1 to 9.

Woods were originally clubs that had a wooden head. Today they have heads made of steel or titanium. Golfers use woods to hit the ball over long distances. A number one wood is also called a driver. Players use this club to start their game at the tee.

Irons have heads that are thinner and flatter. Instead of iron, the club has a head made of steel or another metal. Irons are used for shorter shots and shots where you must play the ball very accurately. The putter is a club that is used on the green for very short distances.

Rules of the game

The rules of a golf game are very simple. Starting from the tee a golfer must hit the ball towards the hole. You must not to touch or move it. It must be played from wherever it lands. If the ball lands in one of the hazards the golf player may take it out or use a new ball but then gets an extra stroke as a penalty.

Scoring and handicaps

In order to see how well you doing every hole on a golf course has a standard score known as par. Par is the number of strokes it would take a very good golfer to hit the ball into the hole. There are 3-, 4- and 5-par holes. Golfers have special names for the number of strokes they need compared to par.

Eagle = two strokes under par.
Birdie = one stroke under par.
Bogie = one stroke over par.

In a few cases a golfer may hit the ball into the hole from the teeing ground. This is called a hole-in-one.

So if you finish a round of golf on par you can think of yourself as a very good player.

The handicap system allows weaker and better players to compete with each other. Based on a very complicated formula a weaker player is allowed more strokes to finish the round.

Golf can be played in two ways. In match play the player who hits the ball with the fewest number of strokes wins that hole. The player who wins the most holes wins.

Stroke or medal play is more common. In this competition the player with the fewest number of strokes for the whole 18-hole round wins.

History of golf

Although the Romans may have played golf with a bent stick and a ball filled with feathers golf, as we know it today, started in Scotland in the 14th century. Saint Andrews is called the birthplace of golf because its golf course is over 500 years old. The first rules of the game were also set there.

Golf spread from the British Isles to the overseas colonies. The oldest golf club outside of Britain was founded in Calcutta, India. Golf came to the USA and Canada towards the end of the 19th century. Although British golfers dominated the sport at first, great American golfers emerged at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1916 they formed a professional organization, the PGA, in which they started to earn money through golf.

Players like Severiano Ballesteros of Spain, Bernhard Langer of Germany or Gary Player of South Africa made golf popular in Europe and other continents. In the last two decades the American Tiger Woods has dominated the game.

In the 1960s more and more companies, private sponsors and television networks started to pour money into golf. Today the best golfers in the world earn millions of dollars in prize money every year. Tiger Woods became the first athlete to become a billionaire.

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The most popular sport

The most popular sport for both men and women is walking.
Among men, the following sports in descending order of popularity are billiards, snooker, darts, swimming and football.
For women, swimming and aerobics.
Fishing is the most popular sport in the province.

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Also very popular sports are:

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Football

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Rugby

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Tennis

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Golf

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Horse racing

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HISTORY OF THE UK SPORTS COMMITTEE

The Sports Committee of Great Britain was formed on 19 September 1996 by the Royal Statutes in order to raise British sport to a high level, with the aim of achieving outstanding sports performance on the "world stage." to produce world-class performers in the field of sports.

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The role of the committee

The creation of this committee showed the rest of the world that the UK has become serious about sports. The work of the Committee is to help British athletes become winners and support them correctly.

Therefore, the role of the organization is not only in investing money, but also: to provide support for British world stars to strengthen the influence of Great Britain in the international sports arena to promote ethical behavior and an anti-doping program to create conditions for the main world sporting events in the UK

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SPORT IN SCHOOLS

Principle of British education:

"In a healthy body healthy mind". All schools must take care of the physical fitness of their students and provide them with a choice of several sports.

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In winter, schools play:

football
rugby
hockey

In the summertime, schools play:

cricket
tennis
are swimming
go in for athletics

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Some schools may be better equipped with sports equipment than others and offer a wider variety of sports and activities.

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Recently, however, students' parents have begun to complain that team games are slowly dying out in public schools. The reorganization of schools and the creation of large general education schools have reduced the number of in-school competitions that were previously an integral part of British secondary education.

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Some left-sided local governments are clearly opposed to sports competitions, there are not enough playing fields and sports equipment. This problem is especially acute in cities, where parents are concerned that their children are being prevented from developing their physical qualities. They argue that the public education system cannot provide enough physical activity for children!

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Therefore, many of them turned to the independent sector, which is usually well supplied with equipment and facilities.

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Sports teams are created in each school, serious training takes place, and seasonal competitions are held between schools. The support group works very well.

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How did golf come about? It is believed that the game of golf originated in Scotland and was invented by shepherds, who, with the help of staffs (future clubs), drove stones into rabbit holes. Presumably the game existed already in the XIV century, and in the XV century in Scotland there were several laws forbidding to play "golf". In the 17th century, golf clubs were already played in the Netherlands. The game in its modern form took shape in the 19th century in Scotland.

GOLF COURSE 1 - teeing ground, 2- water hazard, 3- rough, 4- out of bounds, 5- sand bunker, 6 - water hazard, 7- fairway, 8- putting green, 9-flagstick, 10 hole

TERMS A putt is a light shot performed on the green (the part of the course with the shortest grass and also where the hole is located), the main purpose of which is to hit the hole. Swing shot is a basic golf shot, the main purpose of which is to send the ball far and accurately. A slice shot in which the ball flies straight, but then deflects significantly to the right (for a player with a right-sided stance). Par is the number of strokes for which the player must complete the hole. There are three types of "PARs" - par-3, par-4 and par-5, the main difference of which is the distance from you (starting point) to the hole. Very rare, but still there is par-6. On average, the distance ranges from 100 to 550 meters. For example par-3 (110 meters), par-4 (320 meters) and par-5 (480 meters). Hol-in-van ("Hole at a time") getting into the hole from you boxing. Birdie ("Ptychka") the number of blows is one less than the PAR. Eagle ("Eagle") the number of blows is two less than the PAR. Albatross the number of strokes is three less than par (only on par-5 and 4 holes) Bogey (bogey "Scarecrow") the number of strokes is one more than par. Keddy is the player's assistant, whose duties include carrying sports equipment and providing advice. Caddy

SCORE NAME DESCRIPTION than par E Par the number of strokes a golfer must take on one hole + 1 Bogey one more than par +2 Double bogey two more than par + 3 Triple bogey three more than steam

CUTTERS For playing golf, a player can use no more than 14 types of golf clubs. Wood (English Wood) club with a massive head and an angle of the plane of impact from 7 ° to 15 °. Wood throws the ball into play. Allows you to send the ball to a distance of 300 meters ("Driver"). Iron is a lighter stick with a spade head for aiming the ball at shorter distances. The angle of inclination of the plane of impact is from 15 ° to 45 °. The sticks are numbered. A larger number allows you to send the ball at a higher angle to the horizon at a shorter distance. Impact distance from 70 to 150 meters. Wedges differ from ayran in an even greater angle of the hitting surface (45 ° -64 °) and are needed for knocking the ball out of the sand (Sand Wedge) or grass (Chipping Wedge) at a short distance. Putter is a light-headed L-shaped golf club for playing on the green and putting stakes of rolling shots, which roll the ball into the hole.

BALLS The surface of an ordinary golf ball is covered with pits (so that the ball better "holds" the direction in which it was hit) Air is trapped in the pits and an invisible shell is formed, which: reduces the vibrations of the ball during flight enhances the lifting effect when hitting with a twisting of the ball Disadvantages Standard Surfaces: When the club hits an off-center hole, the ball is more likely to deviate from its intended direction. To solve some problems, researchers have proposed various solutions. For example, Korean scientists, instead of pits, propose applying grooves to the ball, which will divide its surface into segments of various shapes (the grooves create an air envelope according to the same principle as the pits). Since the area of the surface occupied by the grooves is less than the area on which the pits are located, then, as the creators of such a ball claim, the probability of hitting the “wrong” groove with the club is less than into the “wrong” pit [[

GOLF IN SPACE Astronaut Alan Shepard struck the first ball in space with his club in 1971 on the lunar surface during the Apollo 14 expedition. The first time he simply missed the ball with his club, but in the second, due to the weak lunar gravity and lack of atmosphere, the ball flew several kilometers and was lost for further play. In space 1971 Alan Shepard Moon Apollo 14 November 23, 2006 Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin during During the spacewalk on the International Space Station, hit a golf ball as part of a Canadian company Element 21 promotion. The blow was delivered with one hand. Michael Lopez-Alegria filmed the strike of his Russian colleague. Special clubs and balls were delivered to the ISS. The spacewalk was carried out from the Pirs docking compartment in Orlan-M spacesuits. November 23, 2006Mikhail Tyurin of the International Space Station PirskafandrakhOrlan-M The golf ball, which is space debris, will not pose a danger to the ISS and will burn up after entering the dense layers of the atmosphere. Just in case, Mikhail Tyurin had three balls at his disposal.

TOURNAMENT Major men's professional events include the Masters, the US Open, The Open Championship, and the PGA Championship. Masters USA on October 9, 2009 at 121 IOC Sessions in Copenhagen 63 by 27 votes, it was decided to include golf in the program of the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro [October 9, 2009 session of the IOC Copenhagen of the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro [

MINI GOLF Miniature golf or mini golf is a game that has been developed since the middle of the 19th century. The mini-golf course is a green, where the ball's path to the hole is hampered by numerous obstacles in the form of stones, sand traps, artificial mazes, and so on. The player's task, as in ordinary golf, is to drive the ball into the hole in the minimum number of strokes. The game is played only with a potter club, swing is prohibited by the rules. Often, mini-golf holes are equipped with decorative decorations, for example, in the historical junction, and also have non-standard ties for holding the ball to the hole: chutes, tunnels, mechanical lifts, traps, false ties that return the ball to the "you", and so on. Despite the general recreational style of the game, mini golf competitions are also held, including international ones.

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My name is Kirill and I want to tell some words about game called golf. This topic is interesting for me, because this game attracts me by beauty and accuracy of strikes. It is important for every golf player. Golf as the other games has its own history and rules. If to speak about the history of the golf, first of all we must notice that nobody will know the name of the shepherd who was the first to hit the round stone by stick. The authorship of the game name challenged between Scotland and Dutches which had very popular game: Kolven. However it was played on ice too.

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1457 - The first written mention of a golf in the decision of parliament of Scotland. King James forbade this game because solders neglected bow shooting training - instead of it they constantly played golf. 1744 - Edinburg society of golf players makes the first list of rules. One of thirteen rules regulates “carrying” the ball out of the water accumulated on the field. 1848 - The balls mode of feather, were replaced by unicomponent rubbery. 1922 - The golf became business. The first time in a history of golf the tickets were sold for the game. Earlier visiting of tournament was completely free of charge. 1922 - Walker cup (the first international team tournament in the history of golf) began from an easy victory of Americans above the amateur combined team of UK. 1947 - The golf was shown on TV for the first time.

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Golf is a game in which you need only ball, hole, golf club and a field where all these componentsunite to get unlimited pleasure. The game begins on the moment when the ball is to beaten by golf –club on specially prepared area, known as play ground “T” to the direction the other prepared area with hole on it, known as “patting green”. That mean shortly cut grass plat a round the hole. At this time ball's way is crossing two types of plats: “fairway” with grass of medium length and “rough” - long grass from the sides of fairway. means that the player, beginning the game from T play ground, must to hit the ball into hole, located on patting green with minimum number of strikes. Golf circle consists of 18 games for holes.

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There are two types of the game, one of them is defined by parity won and lost holes (match game) and the other defined by total number of strikes made for finishing the circle (game for count of strikes) .You must remember three major principles in this game: - Play on a field as it is, - Play the ball as it has lain, - And if nether this nor that is possible, act fair. You must know the rules to act fair. Some time ago such a type of golf as mini golf appeared. The mini golf has got popularity almost equal to a golf. There are few distinctions between them. But mini golf is obviously more convenient and available. The basic difference is that min: golf player uses only one golf-club for the whole game. This golf - club is called putter. With the help of which player rolls up the ball into hole. It is often used artificial covering of the field in mini golf.

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Golf (English golf) - a sports game in which individual participants or teams compete, driving a small ball into special holes with club strikes, trying to cover the allotted distance in the minimum number of strokes.

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It is believed that the game of golf originated in Scotland and was invented by shepherds who, using staffs (future clubs), drove stones into rabbit holes. Presumably the game existed already in the XIV century, and in the XV century in Scotland there were several laws forbidding to play "gof". In the 17th century, golf clubs were already played in the Netherlands. The game in its modern form took shape in the 19th century in Scotland.

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For playing golf, a player can use at least two, but not more than 14 types of golf clubs. In each game, the participant must complete a certain number of holes (usually 18) in a certain order. In this case, the hole in the ground itself and the entire playground (as a rule, consisting of the starting zone - the tee (target) area), the main zone (fairway, “forward direction”, compare the fairway) and a special area with a hole cut out in it - "lawns" (green). The playground may contain various obstacles - water obstacles, bunkers with sand, bushes, trees, tall grass. Ideally, a golfer should hit the main court with the first shot, dribble the ball over it with a few strokes (depending on the type of court), and hit the green - a perfect grass area where the ball rolls without hindrance. In order to hammer the ball into the hole from the green, a special type of putter is used.

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Major men's professional events include the Masters, the US Open, The Open Championship, and the PGA Championship. On October 9, 2009, at the 121st session of the IOC in Copenhagen, it was decided by 63 votes to 27 to include golf in the program of the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro.

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Wood (eng. Wood) - a club with a massive head and an angle of the plane of impact from 7 ° to 15 °. Wood throws the ball into play. Allows you to send the ball to a distance of 300 meters ("Driver"). Iron is a lighter stick with a spade-shaped head for aiming the ball at shorter distances. The angle of inclination of the plane of impact is from 15 ° to 45 °. The sticks are numbered. A larger number allows you to send the ball at a higher angle to the horizon at a shorter distance. Impact distance from 70 to 150 meters. Wedge (English Wedge) - differ from iron in even greater angle of the hitting surface (45 ° -64 °) and are needed to knock the ball out of the canopy, for example, from sand (Sand Wedge) or grass (Chipping Wedge) at a short distance. Putter is a stick with a light L-shaped head for playing on the green and putting stakes - rolling blows with which the ball rolls into the hole.

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The surface of an ordinary golf ball is covered with pits (so that the ball better "holds" the direction in which it was hit) Air is trapped in the pits and an invisible shell is formed, which: Surfaces: When the club hits an off-center hole, the ball is more likely to deviate from its intended direction. To solve some problems, researchers have proposed various solutions. For example, Korean scientists, instead of pits, propose to apply grooves to the ball, which will divide its surface into segments of various shapes (the grooves create an air envelope according to the same principle as the pits). Since the surface area occupied by the grooves is less than the area on which the pits are located, the creators of such a ball claim that the likelihood of hitting the “wrong” groove with the club is less than into the “wrong” pit.

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A putt is a light shot performed on the green (the part of the course with the shortest grass and also where the hole itself is located), the main purpose of which is to hit the hole. Swing is the main shot in golf, the main purpose of which is to send the ball far and accurately. Slice is a shot in which the ball flies straight, but then deviates significantly to the right (for a player with a right-sided stance). Par is the number of strokes for which the player must complete the hole. There are three types of "PARs" - par-3, par-4 and par-5, the main difference of which is the distance from the tee (starting place) to the hole. Very rare, but still there is par-6. On average, the distance ranges from 100 to 550 meters. For example par-3 (110 meters), par-4 (320 meters) and par-5 (480 meters). Birdie ("Bird") - the number of blows is one less than the PAR. Eagle ("Eagle") - the number of blows is two less than the PAR. Albatross - the number of strokes is three less than PAR (only on holes par-5 and 4) Gods (bogey "Scarecrow") - the number of strokes is one more than a pair. Keddy is the player's assistant, whose duties include carrying sports equipment and helping with advice.