What are scholars' scholars. Professor and Associate Professor: Is it scholars of titles or posts in the university? What is a degree

The degrees awarded in various countries differ significantly by names, qualifications requirements, award procedure and / or approval.

Scientific titles

Scientific titles are currently divided by the title of associate professor or professor in the specialty and associate professor or professor at the Department. The first are assigned to Vacu, the second - the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (see "Regulations on the procedure for assigning scientists"). The scientist of a senior scientist is currently not assigned to the Russian Federation, it is equal to the rank of associate professor in the specialty. Previously (as well as currently in Ukraine and in some other post-Soviet states), the rank of senior researcher was assigned to employees of research institutes, and qualification requirements for applicants for this title did not include teaching work in universities, in contrast to the duty officer.

Scientific titles of the correspondent member and academician are officially recognized only if their owners are members of one of 6 state academies:

• Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS),
• Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (RASK),
• Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences (Rasn),

Scientists and titles that existed earlier

The position of the degrees of bachelor and master in Russia

Prior to the fulfillment of Bologna recommendations, the bachelor and master in Russia relate not to academic degrees, but to the qualifications of graduates of educational institutions of higher vocational education. According to its status, the holders of the bachelor's degrees belong to persons having a higher professional education of the second level, which, in turn, is considered to be lower than the highest education of the third level to which the master's degree and qualifications of a graduate specialist belong.

Thus, both with a legal and practical point of view, the status and position of the qualifications of the qualification of a graduate specialist and the academic degree of the master - in modern Russia are completely similar and equivalent, that is, they give the same rights to their owners to commit professional (including scientific and and scientific and teaching (including in higher educational institutions)) activities in accordance with education and qualifications, as well as equal rights of admission to postgraduate education (graduate school).

Nevertheless, despite the foregoing, there are still cases of receipt of graduate specialists in the magistracy (as a rule, on a fee basis, as it is possible to obtain a higher education of a certain level free of charge only once), which, however, should be considered not as a continuation Education at a higher stage, but, rather, as a hidden form of obtaining a second higher education (obtaining a master's degree in a specialty / direction, somewhat different from a specialist diploma), professional retraining or advanced training (similarly), as well as increasing education status (for example, Cases of admission to the magistracy of the leading university of the graduate specialist - a graduate of a less well-known university).

Nomenclature of scientists degrees

Depending on the specialty on which the dissertation is protected, one of the following tech degrees is awarded the applicant. Below is the nomenclature of doctors of science; The nomenclature of candidates of science is completely repeated.

Honor

Honor Doctor or Honor Degree or Doctor Honoris Causa) is issued by universities, academies or the Ministry of Education without a course of study and without registration of mandatory requirements (on publications, protection, etc.), but who have achieved great success in business and Received known in any field of knowledge (artists, jurisprudence, religious figures, businessmen, writers and poets, artists, etc.). Such people are involved in teaching and lectures in the best universities of many countries of the world. Honorary diploma of Doctor of Science is not issued in medicine.

The honorary degree can be awarded and removed.

Non-state organizations

Religious organizations can award the degree of candidate (doctor) of theological sciences (or theology), assign the titles of professors and associate professors, etc. Other non-governmental organizations can also assign various degrees and titles, up to academician (see Non-state Academy). However, all these degrees and titles are legally not those in Russia and do not give them to the owners of the rights stipulated by the laws of the Russian Federation. Currently, there is a discussion regarding the possibility of transferring scientific and qualifying powers of Vaca to scientists of universities and research institutes (including non-state), as is done in many Western countries. Opponents of such a transfer expresses an opinion on the inevitable devaluation of the system of scientists of degrees and titles as a result of the loss of state control over the certification of scientific and scientific and pedagogical personnel.

Notes

Links on the topic

• The site of the highest attestation commission of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Watch what is a "scientist title" in other dictionaries:

Assigns to teachers of universities and scientists (as a rule, with degrees' scientists), depending on the scientific qualifications and complexity of solved research tasks. In the Russian Federation, scientists are accepted by the titles of professor, associate professor, ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Scientific title - The official title, assigned to teachers of educational institutions of higher professional education (universities) and scientists in accordance with the performed pedagogical and research work (professor, associate professor, ... ... Professional education. Vocabulary

Scientific title - - Qualification of scientific and pedagogical workers, the form of their certification. In Russia, scholars have established scholars: professors, associate professor, senior teacher, assistant, senior and junior researcher ... Modern educational process: Basic concepts and terms

rank - The title, I, CP title, the name, officially assigned to someone, which are determined by the degree of merit, professional qualifications, official position. Academic title of professor. I minister is much more than you, maybe, you think, but wise ... Explanatory dictionary of Russian nouns

Scientist - The scientist title, the scientist, is assigned to teachers of universities and scientists (as a rule, with degrees' scientists) depending on the scientific qualifications and complexity of the solved creative tasks. According to the scholarship, the positions are also called ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Assigns to teachers of universities and scientists (as a rule, with scientists by degrees), depending on the scientific qualifications and complexity of solved research tasks. * * * Scientific title Scientific title is assigned to teachers of universities and ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Ukraine has a sufficiently significant scientific and technical personnel potential, which significantly affects its socio-economic development. In terms of such an influence - 4.6 researchers per 1000 people of the economically active population - Ukraine is somewhat inferior to EU countries (5.7 - for the first 15 EU countries), but is ahead of the new members of this union, in particular Slovenia (4.5), Slovakia and Hungary (3.7), as well as Poland (3.3).

According to the current legislation of Ukraine, scientific degrees and scientists are used in the system of higher education and science to characterize personnel potential.

Art. 32 of the Law of Ukraine "On Education" determines that senior researcher, associate professor and professor are scientists. Scientists are assigned to solutions to scientists of higher educational institutions, scientific institutions and organizations in the manner prescribed by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.

In art. The 20 of the Law of Ukraine "On Scientific and Scientific and Technical Activities" is determined that scientists are eligible for the degree of candidate of science and doctors of science.

Awarding scientific degrees and assigning scholars is a state recognition of the qualification level of a scientist. The presence of an appropriate degree or scholarship scientist is a qualifying requirement for the study by the scientist of the relevant position. The procedure forwarding scientific degrees and assigning scholars is established by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.

Scientists should not be confused with the posts of scientific and pedagogical workers, in some cases coincide. So, in Art. 48 of the Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education" it is indicated that the main positions of pedagogical workers of higher educational institutions I and II levels of accreditation are:

Teacher

Senior Lecturer

Chairman of the subject (cyclan) commission;

Head of the Department;

Deputy Director;

Director.

The main positions of scientific and pedagogical workers of higher educational institutions of the third and fourth levels of accreditation are:

Assistant

Teacher

Senior Lecturer

Library director;

Researcher of the library;

Professor

Head of the Department;

Vice Rector;

Consider in more detail the acting procedure for awarding scientific degrees and assigning scholars in Ukraine

Scientific degrees

Scientific degrees in Ukraine are:

PhD;

Ph.D.

Scientific degrees award specialized scientific councils on the basis of public protection of dissertations. The solution of specialized scientific councils on the award of scientific degrees is approved by MON.

The main form of scientific training for the protection of candidate and doctoral dissertations is postgraduate student or doctoral studies who function with academic and research institutes.

Another form of preparation of scientific is SpivPoshukatvo. Spivposhukuchi - Persons having higher education and considerable experience in the specialty and can work independently on the dissertation.

According to Nanu, in Ukraine as of December 2010, there were more than 110,000 candidates and doctors of sciences, from which only a little more than 20,000 worked in research institutions and higher schools.

PhD

Candidate of science is a scientific degree, which is awarded on the basis of the protection of the candidate dissertation and used in Ukraine and other countries of the former USSR. For the first time, I was introduced after the October coup by Decree of the Sovnarkom dated January 13, 1934, this degree was inherited of Ukraine after the collapse of the USSR, read more reviewed in the previous topic.

The procedure for awarding the scientific degree "Candidate of Sciences" determined by the KMU Resolution "On approval of the procedure for awarding scientific degrees and assigning a scholar title of a senior researcher" from 07.03.2007 .. No. 423 and order of the Ministry of Education and Science, Youth and Sports of Ukraine "On publishing results dissertation for the dissertation of scientists of the Doctor's degrees and candidate of science and about their approbation "of 10/17/2012 g. No. 1112 (Table 6.2).

Table 6.2.

To a certain extent, such a stereotypical image corresponds to reality. And the professor, and academician are scientific titles, the path to which is difficult and the crimson, therefore achieve such a situation, as a rule, at the point of mind. But the professor can be in any university or research institute, and academician - only at the Academy of Sciences.

Professor

Professor is a scientific title, and the position, the path to which lies on a certain "career ladder." The title is inseparable from a person, prescribed to the post. The candidate of science may take the post of associate professor of the department, but may remain a assistant - or to become such if he go to work in another university. In a few years, he will receive the title of associate professor, and then he will be able to qualify for the Associate's position in any university.

The next stage of the career is the position of professor from the department. There is no direct ban on the appointment of candidates of science to this position, but usually doctors doctors. Just as in the case of an associate professor, after a few years of work in this position a scientist may receive the title of professor, and for this, a doctoral degree is already required. The professorial title provides the right to establish the department.

Academician

Until the October Revolution of 1917, an academician in Russia called any student of an academic educational institution - for example, university. In the Soviet era, this title was introduced officially in another meaning in which it is now used in the Russian Federation.

Academician is a valid member of the Academy of Sciences - an organization that unites scientists and organizing the activities of the scientific community. It should not be confused by such an academy with a higher educational institution that has a similar name - for example, the Russian Academy of Music of Gnesin Names.

Theoretically, in order to become an academician, a professor not necessarily, but in reality, such honors are most often honored by scientists who already have a professorial title.

The first step towards the rank of academician is the election by a corresponding member. For the outstanding scientific progress of the scientist elect a corresponding member by secret voting, which takes place in the relevant branch of the Academy, and then the general meeting of the Academy of Sciences approves its election. From among the corresponding members, academics are elected at the general meeting of the Academy of Sciences, and the title is appropriated for life.

Currently, there are many organizations named by academies. Some of them - for example, the International Academy of Energy Information Sciences - have nothing to do with real science. Their members also refer to "academicians", but they do not have any rights on it.

Only members of state academies can wear academician. Such in Russia Six: Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS), Russian Academy of Education (RAO), Russian Academy of Arts (RAH), Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (Rasn) and Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (RASHN ).

Scientists

The degrees awarded in various countries differ significantly by names, qualifications requirements, award procedure and / or approval.

To obtain a degree of a candidate or doctor of sciences, it is necessary to prepare the dissertation and protect it at a meeting of the dissertation council created at the university, research institutes or other scientific institution. To protect the thesis for the degree of doctor, it is currently necessary to have a degree of candidate of science, protection of the dissertation for the degree of doctorate of the doctor by persons who do not have the degree of candidate, in accordance with the current "Regulations on the procedure for awarding scientists of degrees", is not envisaged. It should be noted that the compliance or relativeness of the branches of science and specialties of the previously obtained (sequentially) higher education, the degree of candidate of science and the doctors of the doctor of science is actually not regulated, except for cases of degrees of degrees on medical and veterinary sciences that are only possible if Appear of the highest medical (veterinary) education. In fact, in practice, it is recognized as well-permissible and not limited to HAK cases of obtaining a higher degree in the industry of sciences and specialty, unrelated to already available: for example, a candidate of economic sciences by engineers (mathematicians, chemists), degree of doctorate of economic sciences by candidates, for example, technical and physical mathematical sciences, etc.

In parallel, there are similar degrees of the doctor of law, theology, etc., awarded by an accredited higher educational institution. Degree of doctor law (DL), medicine (DM), business administration (DBA), etc. In many countries, they are treated as a component of a professional, not academic / research doctor, that is, it is assumed that the owner of such an extent is involved, as a rule , practical activities, not science. Obtaining such degrees also does not require an independent scientific research, so professional doctorate is usually not considered a scientific degree. Assigning a particular degree to a professional or research doctor depends on the country and even from a particular university; So, in the United States and Canada, the degree of doctor of medicine is professional, and in the UK, Ireland and many countries of the British Commonwealth. A number of universities in Great Britain (including Oxford and Cambridge) even include a doctorate of medicine to the highest doctorate (approximate analog of the doctor of science in Russia), requiring a significant contribution to medical science.

Scientific titles

In Russia, scientists are currently divided by the title of associate professor (or professor) by specialty and by the department. Since 2011, scientists in both the department and specialty are awarded the orders of the Minister of Education and Science on the presentation of the Higher Attestation Commission. The qualification requirements for applicants for academic titles in the department and in the specialty are somewhat different, for example, to submit to the academic rank of professor at the department, it is necessary to be the author (co-author) of textbooks or teaching aids, which is not required for the title of professor in the specialty. But the professor in the specialty needs a greater number of persons defendeding candidate dissertations under his leadership: for professors in the department - as a rule, at least two, for professors in a specialty - as a rule, at least five.

In addition, the requirements differ and within each category (professors in the department, associate professor on the department, professor in the specialty, associate professor in the specialty). Thus, it is assigned to the scientific title of professor at the department to persons who have a scientific degree of candidate of science, and associate professor to persons who do not have a scientific degree, but the requirements for them are much tougher than to applicants who have a scientist degree of Doctor and Candidate of Science, respectively. Special requirements are presented to co-order applicants, which are employees of culture and art and having relevant honorary titles (People's Artist, Honored Artist, etc.), as well as employees of physical culture and sports having a title of deserved coach. In addition, it is allowed to assign a scientific title of professor at the department to large professionals who received international or Russian recognition in the relevant industry of knowledge.

According to the system operating in Russia and Belarus, the academic title of associate professor does not necessarily have an academic title of associate professor.

Scientists and titles that existed earlier

The scientist of a senior scientist is currently not assigned to the Russian Federation, it is equal to the rank of associate professor in the specialty. Previously (as well as currently in Ukraine and in some other post-Soviet states), the rank of senior researcher was assigned to employees of research institutes, and qualification requirements for applicants for this title did not include teaching work in universities, in contrast to the duty officer.

Until the 1950s. In the USSR, there was a scientist "Senior Laboratory".

Before the revolution, scientific degrees of a valid student existed in the scientific and educational system of Russia, a candidate (more precisely, a candidate of the university), master's and doctors, scientists of adjunct, private professor, associate professor, professor, extraordinary professor, ordinary professor, honored professor. All this hierarchy was entirely canceled in 1918 (although some of the listed degrees and ranks were abolished back in the XIX century). Scientists in the Russian Empire gave the right to receive the ranks of a certain class (see the table of ranks).

The position of the degrees of bachelor and master in Russia

Prior to the fulfillment of Bologna recommendations, the degree of bachelor and master in Russia are not related to academic degrees, but to qualifications (degrees) of graduates of educational institutions of higher vocational education.

Nomenclature of scientists degrees

Depending on the specialty, on which the dissertation is protected, one of the degrees' scientists is awarded the applicant.

Honor

Honor Doctor or Honor Degree or Doctor Honoris Causa) is issued by universities, academies or the Ministry of Education without passing a course of training and without registration of mandatory requirements (on publications, protection, etc.), but who have achieved great success in the case and Asked in any field of knowledge (artists, jurisprudence, religious leaders, businessmen, writers and poets, artists, etc.). Such people are involved in teaching and lectures in the best universities of many countries of the world. Honorary diploma of Doctor of Science is not issued in medicine.

The honorary degree can be awarded and removed.

Non-state organizations

Religious organizations can award the degree of candidate (doctor) of theological sciences (or theology), assign the titles of professors and associate professors, etc. Other non-governmental organizations can also assign various degrees and titles, up to academician (see Non-state Academy). However, all these degrees and titles are legally not those in Russia and do not give them to the owners of the rights stipulated by the laws of the Russian Federation.

Modern discussions

Currently, there is a discussion regarding the possibility of transferring scientific and qualifying powers of Vaca to scientists of universities and research institutes (including non-state), as is done in many Western countries. Opponents of such a transfer expresses an opinion on the inevitable devaluation of the system of scientists of degrees and titles as a result of the loss of state control over the certification of scientific and scientific and pedagogical personnel.

Notes

Links on the topic

• The site of the highest attestation commission of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation
• Baleevsky L.S., Muranov A.I. Domestic history of regulatory regulation of the nomenclature of specialties of scientists in relation to jurisprudence // Jurisprudence. - 2008. - № 5. - P. 243-259.

In the scientific sphere and higher educational institutions there is a qualifying system that allows you to establish a scientific hierarchy of scientific and pedagogical personnel - scientific degrees and titles. In our country, the award of academic degrees and the ranks of the associate professor and the professor is somewhat different from other countries. As a rule, the academic title "Associate Professor" is assigned a "professor" - doctors of science, although there are exceptions. In other countries, scientific degrees differ very significantly on the qualification, title, award and approval procedures.

In order to get scientific degrees, you must first write and protect your dissertation, and this is a rather voluminous scientific work that can contain from 150 to 500 pages of scientific text. Is it possible not to write dissertation on many sheets, but on quite legal grounds to successfully defend? You can, although it will not be quite simple. The dissertation for the degree of doctor of sciences can be made in the form of a scientific report, in which a summary of the research results should be submitted. Such a report should be supported by a large number of previously published scientific works, which are of serious importance for science. In addition, the applicant must be well known to the scientific community with its research and discoveries in its field of activity.