What is called a declination in Russian? Declination of nouns

Many of us still with school benches remember what is called declination. But reproduce all the nuances associated with it, it will not be at all. But the knowledge of the rules associated with will help not make us spelling errors in the future.

What is declining

Almost every independent (except for adventure and verprices) may vary on its rules. Verbs, changing on persons and numbers, are hidden, and the names of the speech are inclined. What does this mean? The declination of words is the ability of nouns, adjectives, numerical and communities to change:

1. Childbirth (male, medium, female, except for them. S.).
2. Numbers (only multiple).
3. Pades.

A famous arch of the Russian rules "Grammar-80" explains in a different way, which is called a decline. He proposes to define it as a change in the class of peredsems. Which of the terms closer and what is called a decline, everyone is free to choose himself.

Pade items nouns

Based on the definition of declining in Russian, we need to remember what the case is. They are called a grammatical form that binds any with the words of other parts of speech. The case shows how the parts of speech are consistent with each other.

For a long time, the pelvic system has been subject to change. In ancient Russian language, there were no six, as in our time, and seven pelhes. Another one was called the challenge. Today it is already abolished, and now they are left 6.

• Nominative. Special case, because only it is called direct (who? What?), The rest are indirect. In the form of them. Pad. Speakers subject to proposals. Another one of his feature: it is an initial form for registered parts of speech.
• Genitive. This form answers questions Who? What? In order not to confuse it with other cases, you can substitute the auxiliary word "no": the cat is. n, (no) cat - genus. P.
• Dative. This case is named this because it answers questions Who? What? The declination of the words will be easier if we substitute the word "give": the cat is dates. P.
• Accusative. Pretty controversial form. It has similar to the very famous case of a question for inanimate objects - What? True, in relation to living creatures ask a question Who? The word "blame", substituted to the verifiable. SUMS., will help you remember the rules of declination: (blame) Cat - Win. P.
• Instrumental. Special case. Answers the questions By whom? Than? The test word for him is to "create": the cat is TV. Pad.
• Prepositional. Issues responsible for questions O Com? About what? For easy memorization, we substitute the word "think": about the cat - ranged. P.

Number

We remembered the case system, which is studied by Russian. The declination also depends on the category of numbers. There are only two of them in our language - the only and multiple. Almost all names nouns have both forms. But, as in any rule, there are exceptions here. Some words are used only in a single form. An example of those in which there is only the only number: the sun (well, it is logical, it exists in one copy), milk, foliage, highway (it is also foreign language).

But the Russian language is so diverse that he has in his arsenal words that are used only in the plural. Example: scissors, pants, glasses, hours, people.

Declination in Russian can be carried out in units. h and pl. h. for example:

Units. h. Mn.ch.

I.P. Book, books.

R.P. Books, books.

D.P. Book, books.

V.P. Book, books.

T.P. Book, books.

P.P. About the book, about books.

First declination

The declining system in Russian, as is known, consists of three groups. Each of them has its own characteristics. The first declination has the following special signs:

• Words calling some male persons having completion -but or -I : Uncle, man, dad, Vanya.
• Nouns names that also have endings - but or -I, denoting people and objects of female: Spring, hand, Aunt, Anna.
• The same endings (- and I) With existing common kinds (that is, there are both male and female faces both of the male and female sex): Plaks, Ground, Sonya, Svaruch.

Sample 1 declining (examples):

I.P. Young man, girl, swax.

R.P. Boys, girls, plaks.

D.P. Young man, girl, blur.

V.P. Young man, girl, plaks.

T.P. boys, girl, blox.

P.P. About the young man, about the girl, about the plax.

Second declination

This group differs from the previous endings and category of the genus. It includes:

• Nouns names that have in the initial form zero endings and related to male family: table, stump, ceiling, husband.
• Words husband. kind but ending on - about or -E.: Domishko.
• Them. SUD With endings - about or - e. Middle kind: Heaven, stain, sea, rifle.

Sample 2 decline:

I.P. Table, happiness.

R.P. Tables, happiness.

D.P. Table, happiness.

V.P. Table, happiness.

T.P. table, happiness.

P.P. About the table, happiness.

Third declination

This group of nouns is the most special. It includes only words of female genus and only with mouse, oven, life, yawn.

It is necessary to remember the important rule regarding the third decline: when the word ends on one of the hissing sounds, it is sure to write in it (daughter, night, stove). Do not confuse them with noun second declining on a hissing (beam, cloak, tick). They belong to the male race, and therefore do not require writing a soft sign at the end.

Sample 3 decline:

I.P. Life, thing.

R.P. Life, things.

D.P. Life, things.

V.P. Life, thing.

T.P. Life, thing.

P.P. about life, things.

Summing up the above, we were able to gather together the declination of nouns. The table demonstrates more and more clearly. Examine it carefully.

Different noun

Now we know what they call the declination and what words belong to each of them. But far from the whole lexical composition of our tongue is subject to these rules. There are such nouns that have absorbed the end of both the first and second decline. They are called different mounted.

What are the features of such nouns? First, almost all of them ends on -th: time, name, burden, stirring and others. And word way Also refer to this group.

Secondly, the rules for the declination of differential nouns are such that when changing these words by cases of cases in all forms there will be a suffix - eN (except I.P. and V.P.): time, tears, seed.

Third, inclining these words, we can notice that in the parent, gracious and proposed cases they took the end - and U 3 SKL., And in the clearer it appeared ending, as in 2 declination.

I.P name, path.

R.P. Name, path.

D.P. Name, path.

V.P. Name, path.

T.P. name, by

P.P. about the name, about the path.

Unclear noun

Our speech is rapidly replenished with the new words of foreign language origin. They do not have forms of decline in Russian and therefore are called the unlock.

Such a group includes:

• Foreign words that came to us from other languages \u200b\u200bon -o, -e, - and -: Coat, Fillet, Sochi, Kangaroo. In all cases, they will have the same shape, therefore it makes sense to decline simply. (Go to the coat, go to the kangaroo, go to Sochi.)
• Surnames ending on -We, -Ago,: Yurchenko, Zhivago, White. (To be visiting Kozarenko, come to the red.)
• Words formed by abbreviation: USSR, PBX.

Personal endings

With this topic, the correct writing of letters is connected. and and e. At the end of the nouns. Observing the rules of declination, we were able to identify that the end e. Write in words:

1. The first decline (is the exception of the genus. P.): To the river (dat.p.), about mom (PR), on the topic (dat.p.).
2. Second decline: about the beam (PP.), about the sea (PP.)

Let the letter and in the end, write, if this word:

1. Third decline: in the steppe (PP), by night (dat.p.)
2. The first Skl. Used to be born. Pade: At the river.
3. In words ending on ie, Iy, Ia: in the planetarium, by action, about the event.
4. Dracted nouns also write and: On the way, about time.

Conclusion

After reading these simple rules, you will know what is called a declination. It is not necessary to confuse it with the word-byment of other parts of speech, such as, for example, leasing in the verbs.

It must be studied, since our practical literacy depends on theoretical knowledge. From our article we can draw the following conclusions:

• National names are changed not only by cases, but also by numbers.
• But it is worth remembering that not all words of this part of speech have these categories. Some of them at all can not be inclined (unclear) and do not have one of the numerical forms (only multiple or only).
• Each of the decline has its own characteristics, so it is worth carefully studying them. We led to an example of the declination of nouns (table).
• which do not have accents, obey the sum of certain rules. Depending on declension and case, the letter will be written eithereither and. This topic is one of the most difficult to study the names of nouns.