Separation of adverbs and adverbs

The opinions of linguists about what a participle is are divided. Some believe that it refers to a special form of the verb, others assume that it is an independent part of speech. We will support the second option.

The verbal participle is an independent part of speech. It contains the signs of an adverb and a verb, shows when, why and how an action is performed by a predicate verb, has an additional effect. If an adverb in a sentence is not alone, but has words that depend on it, then this set of words is called an adverbial phrase. The article will tell you about how and when the adverbial participles are isolated in a sentence.

What is pegging?

In Russian, the concept of isolation is a way to clarify and highlight a certain set of words in a sentence. Only members of the proposal that are secondary can be isolated, this is how they differ from non-isolated members. Separations are necessary so that the reader can more accurately understand the described picture of the action taking place. Not only lonely standing participles, but also verbal participles can be isolated.

Examples of single participles

If a separate circumstance does not have dependent words in the sentence, then it is called a single adverbial participle. When writing a sentence, this part of speech is always separated by commas on both sides.

The location of the verbal participle in a sentence can be anything. Here are examples of how to correctly separate single participles with commas:

Looking, she could not utter a word.
When I returned, I found my sister at home.
Without exercising, you cannot achieve success in sports.

Accordingly, the following participles were highlighted with a comma:

after watching;
returning;
without exercising.

On the letter, you can find several repetitive participles. They are called homogeneous. Moreover, they are separated by commas and separated by this punctuation mark as separate parts of speech. Examples of such sentences:

Laughing, humming and spinning, Natasha hurried to her first date.
Laughing and winking, Pasha closed the door.
She was silent, angry, but rubbed.

Homogeneous participles in a sentence can refer to different predicates. For example: Playing and laughing, she, elated, rushed towards her dreams.

Separating single participles with commas

Isolation of single participles occurs in the following cases:

If the adverbial participle plays the role of the second predicate in the sentence. Retains the meaning of the verb. Indicates a condition, reason or time of action, but not its image. After running away, Marina lost her purse. After the holiday, the guests left without calming down.
If in your mind you can check the sentence by replacing the verb with a verb, or make a complex one from a simple sentence. When Marina ran away, she rubbed her purse. After the holiday, the guests did not calm down, but left.

Separation of single participles does not occur if:

A single adverb has lost the meaning of a verb or has a close connection with the predicate. Masha ran into the room without knocking. Zhenya climbed down from the tree in silence and without haste.
If the adverbial participles are the circumstances of the course of action and they cannot be replaced with verbs. Zhenya wept silently and did not hurry.
If a single adverb can be replaced with a noun. Masha ran into the room without knocking.

Isolation of single gerunds depending on their location in the sentence

Separation of gerunds may not occur if they are at the beginning or end of a sentence, but in the middle they are separated by commas. Let's compare two sentences:

Tanya tried on slippers slowly.
On the way, without haste, Tanya admired the flowers.

In the first sentence, separating the gerunds with commas is not done, since it is represented by the circumstance of the course of action. It can be replaced by the word - "leisurely".

In the second sentence, the verbal participle represents the circumstance of the cause ("because I was in no hurry").

How is the adverbial turnover formed?

If there is a part of speech in the sentence that answers the questions "having done what?", "Doing what?" and is called a participle, with dependent words, then this set of words is usually called an adverbial turnover.

In a sentence, this turnover always performs the function of a circumstance and refers to a verb, since it denotes an additional action. Additional actions are performed by the same person, phenomenon, or object that performs the main actions.

Examples of adverbial turns

The isolation of adverbs and adverbs occurs regardless of where they stand in relation to the predicate verb. For example:

All day long dark clouds walked across the sky, now revealing the sun, then again covering it.
Walking next to his mother, the baby looked at her in surprise and fascination.
Joy, bringing happiness to some people, gave others inescapable grief.
I watched the sun rise without taking my eyes off.
The baby, following his mother's hand, made the same movements.

What you need to remember when using the gerunds and adverbs in a sentence?

The basic rules for using adverbial expressions when writing text are as follows:

Expressed by a predicate verb, the main action and the additional action expressed by the adverbial turnover must refer to one person, object or phenomenon.
Most often, the isolation of the circumstances expressed by gerunds and adverbs is used when writing a one-part, definitely personal sentence, as well as with a verb in an imperative mood.
If the sentence is impersonal in the infinitive, then it is also possible to use the adverbial turnover.
The isolation of the adverbial participle and the isolation of the circumstances are one and the same, since the adverbial participle expresses the sign of the circumstance in the sentence.

In what cases are gerunds and adverbs not separated by commas?

Separation of the circumstances expressed by gerunds and gerunds is not made if:

Circumstances are connected by the conjunction "and" with a non-isolated circumstance or predicate. She hated him and took his attention. Dasha played noisily and shouted with joy.
Circumstances converge with adverbs. They lose their added meaning and acquire the meaning of a sign of action. This is:

gerunds, which have become phraseological turns (without closing your eyes, rolling up your sleeves, headlong, open your mouth, and others). For example: Petya worked carelessly. But: rolling up her sleeves, she washed her hands in the bath. It should be remembered that phraseological introductory phrases (apparently, in other words, in fact, others) are separated by a comma.
gerunds that carry the main semantic load. Without them, the predicate does not fully express the thought. This part of speech usually stands after the predicate. The "adverbialness" of these participles is obvious in sentences where there is a group of homogeneous members - gerunds and adverbs. For example: He answered me without hesitation and frankly. Not embarrassed is a verbal participle, and frankly- adverb.

The adverbial participles in the composition that have the dependent word "which" in all their variations are not distinguished by commas. He wanted to get rid of the letter, reading which he recalled his recent grief.

What should be distinguished from gerunds

Separating the gerunds, many do not think that these can be adverbs or prepositions.

The following adverbs are distinguished:

singing along;
stealthily;
jokingly;
silently;
sitting;
standing;
lying and others.

The participles identical with these words retain an additional action. This happens during formation and communication with other participles. Anya rode all the way standing. He'll do the job jokingly (easy)... These sentences use adverbs.

Standing on the top, Anya looked down. All the way, having fun and playing, Yana did not close her mouth. In these sentences, commas separate the participle in the first sentence and homogeneous participles in the second sentence.

From the prepositions are distinguished: starting with, starting from. The commas are not put, since the adverbial part can be removed from the sentence and its meaning will not change. It snows from the night (from the night).

Separation of participles and gerunds: what's the difference?

Participle and adverbial phrases perform different functions in a sentence and have the following morphological differences:

A participle or single participle refers to the word being defined (noun or pronoun). The gerunds or adverbs are closely related to the predicate verb. In this case, the participle changes in numbers, gender, cases, has full and short forms, and the gerunds are not a variable word form.
The participle and participle function as a definition in the sentence, and the participle and participle turns out to be different circumstances.
The participles and geruparticles are different among themselves with suffixes. The participles have suffixes such as -usch - (- yusch-), -asch - (- yasch) - -vsh-, -sh- in real participles and - ohm - (- em-), -im-- -enn-, -nn-, -t- for the passive. While the gerunds have the following suffixes: -a-, -я-, -uch-, -yuchi-, -v-, -vshi-, -shi-.

If in a sentence there is a union next to the adverbial turnover, then they are separated by a comma. Unions and are not included in the turnover. For example: He smiled at his friend and, jumping over the puddle, ran home. An exception is the conjunction "a", which stands before the adverbial turnover. In this case, it is included in the turnover. For example: A person needs to understand what is the meaning of life, and having understood this, he will tell others.
If a sentence consists of several participial turns or single participles, then commas between them are put as when listing homogeneous members of the sentence. For example: She approached, staggering and holding her friend by the shoulder with one hand, while holding the other on her belt.
If in the composition of one sentence there are several adverbial phrases related to different predicates, then each of them is separated by commas. For example: Pushing the gate with his foot, he ran out onto the road and, not paying attention to the people, rushed away.
The adverbial turnover is always separated by commas on both sides.

Separation of the gerunds will not cause problems if you learn to correctly identify this part of speech in any sentence.

How can you help your child to consolidate the material learned?

After the child has studied the theoretical material, you should invite him to consolidate it with practical exercises.

Initially, children should orally work with sentences and learn to find adverbs and single adverbs in them. After that, students should be asked to write sentences and place them in. In addition, the child should explain his choice in the placement of commas.

After the children have mastered simple sentences, you can give them sentences with unions and union words. At the same time, before finding the adverbial or single participle, the grammatical basis should be highlighted.

They complicate the task with complex compound sentences that have several grammatical bases and homogeneous adverbial expressions.