Scheme of a complex sentence. Complex proposals: examples with unions

A scheme of a complex proposal must be correctly compiled. Only she will help to figure out in difficult cases of commas, dash and colon. In addition, it is true to characterize the complex syntactic unit also helps its schematic execution. The syntax and punctuation issues are issued in the tasks of the EGE and GIA, so it is absolutely necessary to be able to clearly represent the composition of a complex proposal. How to do it? We'll figure it out in this article.

Concept of complex proposal

It is necessary to define a complex proposal as such. This is the most complex syntactic unit that has a few simple. Thus, such a proposal has a minimum of two grammatical foundations. They can be interconnected in different ways:

• and allied words.
• Unsoyous.
• Within the same syntactic unit, various types of communication may be observed.

Accordingly, in Russian, the type of communication within them is determined. They will be called complex, complex, non-union and with different types of communication, respectively.

Scheme sentences: Highlights

The scheme of a complex offer requires special attention. In fact, it needs to explain all the signs of punctuation. Thus, the algorithm for its preparation can be represented as follows:

1. Select grammatical bases and determine the number of parts.
2. Find out the type of communication parts inside the sentence. It must be remembered that the submission we denote round brackets, the main part, writing and non-union connections - square.
3. Determine the minor members of the sentence, see if there are homogeneous among them. The latter are also necessary in the expanded scheme. It should be remembered that particles, the unions of the syntactic function do not play. Prepositions relate to those members of the sentence with which the grammatical ligament is.
4. See than complicated by each part of the circumstances, introductory words and structures, homogeneous members).
5. In a complex proposal, determine the type of submission: parallel or consistent.

Complex proposal and its scheme

We will analyze everything on a specific example: On the summer sky, a lot of clouds, small tucci began to gather, and frost cool rain.

To begin with, we prove that this offer is really complicated. He has two bases: Puffy (subject to 1), began to be collected (faithful 2); The rain (subject to 2) is frosted (failed 2). Parts connect the union and, accordingly, the proposal is complex.

We work with the first part: in the sky - the circumstance expressed by nouns with the pretext; Summer is a definition expressed by adjective; Small - definition expressed by adjective. This part is complicated by a separate definition of a militant clouds with ripples, it is pronounced by the involvement.

The second part has only one secondary member, the definition of cool. It is not complicated. Thus, the scheme of a challenging offer will look like this:

, [and \u003d -]

In this scheme, the X sign indicates the definable word to which a separate definition belongs.

The scheme will help to distinguish a complex proposal from simple with homogeneous legend, connected to the union and. Compare: On the summer sky, a lot of clouds ripples, small torques began to gather and stipulate the horizon. Here are only homogeneous fague: they began to gather, stuck. They are connected by the Union and.

Complexed offer and its scheme

Complex proposals in Russian with a supervisory bond have unequal parts: the main and apparent one. It is enough to determine them simply: in the latter there is always a subordinate alliance or is quite interesting such schemes of a complex proposal. Examples will analyze below. The fact is that the pressing part can stand at the beginning, end of the sentence and even break the main one.

When the Cossack raised his hand and shouted, he was shot. The proposal is complex: the Cossack is subject to 1; raised, shouted - faithful 1; Shot - subject to 2; It was heard - the failed 2. The union is connected by the Union when, it is submitted, therefore the proposal is complex. In this case, the pressing part begins to offer. We prove it. Firstly, it contains a union, and secondly, it is easy to ask her a question: the shot was heard (when?) When the Cossack raised his hand. In the scheme, the dressing part lies in parentheses. In addition, the dressing part is complicated by homogeneous led (they also specify graphically). The scheme of a complex offer will look like this: (when - \u003d and \u003d), [\u003d -].

Another option when a complex proposal begins from the main part: Shot came when the Cossack raised his hand and shouted. [\u003d -], (when - \u003d and \u003d).

Complete proposals: special cases

The greatest complexity represents the complex suggestions broken off. Examples with alliances will now discern. Smoke from the fires, in which they threw everything, to the tears shot his eyes. The grammatical basis of the main part: smoke - subject, contracted - the lean. In the apparent part there is only a surehead threw. The grammatical basis of the main part is torn to the apparent with the union word. Accordingly, the scheme will be like this: [-, (in which \u003d), \u003d].

Another example: Empty for several years of the hut, where we decided to stop, was on the very edge of the village. The main part: the subject - the hut, the failed - was; It is complicated by the involvement of turnover, which is not separated. Puttingle part: Substant - we, faithful - decided to stop. The scheme is this: [| P.O. | -, (where - \u003d), \u003d].

The scheme of the non-union challenge

We reviewed writing and subordinate challenges. Examples with alliances are not the only ones. There is still a connection of parts exclusively in meaning, non-union. Here the correct scheme is particularly important, because in such proposals, along with commas, a point with a comma, a dash or colon can be applied. Their choice depends on the semantic and grammatical relations.
It should be remembered that parts of the non-union proposal are equivalent and designated by square brackets. We will analyze examples.

1. The wind has overwhelmed even more; Even louder, the rats drove in their minks. This complex proposal consists of two parts: in the first base, the wind is overwhelmed, in the second - rats ran. According to the rule, if there are also punctuation marks in other parts, it is required to put a point with a comma with a non-union connection. In the second part there is a separate definition of a comma. The scheme will look like this: [- \u003d]; [\u003d -, | P.O. |].
2. In the house all day was a fuss: the fact and the case was again the servants, the princessed tried outfits, adults in the excitement checked readiness for the holiday. In this proposal, there are four parts with non-union bond. The grammatical foundations are as follows: the bustle (subjectable) was (led), the servants (subjectable) were again (led), the princed (subjectable) approxes (led), adults (subjectable) were checked (led). The first sentence is explained next, so you need to put a colon. The scheme is this: [\u003d -]: [\u003d -], [- \u003d], [- \u003d].
3. You will read in childhood - the books will be loyal friends for life. We prove that the proposal is complex. Here are two grammatical foundations: you will (led), the books (subjectable) will become friends (leaving). In this case, the formulation of the dash is required, because the second part contains a consequence of the first. The scheme is simple: [\u003d] - [- \u003d].

Different types of communication in a complex sentence

Studying a complex proposal in school (grade 8), there are various types of communication within one sentence. We will analyze the compilation of the scheme of this design.

Souvenirs purchased during the trip were associated with some story, and each trinket had a long pedigree, but among all these rare things would not be any one, which would be worthwhile in itself. (B. Garth)

In this sentence, 4 parts associated with writing and supervisory bonds. The first - souvenirs (subjectable) were associated (faithful), the second - bauble (subjectable) possessed (led), the third - did not find (just a lean), the fourth that (the allied word, subject to) would cost (leapped). Between the first and second parts, writing bonds, in addition, in the first is a separate definition; Between the second and third is also writing, between the third and fourth subordination. The scheme will be like this: [-, | P.O. |, \u003d], [А- \u003d], [but \u003d], (which \u003d).

Characteristic of a complex sentence

Nopefully from the scheme should be the characteristics of the sentence. It is necessary to indicate what it is on the purpose of the statement and intonation, and then it is necessary to describe each of the parts: the composition (one or twisted), the prevalence, complete or not and what is complicated.
We will analyze as an example a proposal whose scheme was in the previous section. It is narrative, unkonsectant. 1st part: Two-part, common, complete, complicated by a separate definition, pronounced by the involvement; 2nd part: Two-part, common, complete, no so complicated; 3rd part: Single-maintenance (impersonal), common, complete, nothing complicated; 4th Piece: Two-part, common, full, no complicated.