Pade items nouns. Decay by case

National names are very widely represented in Russian. They can act as the main and secondary sentences. Using the case of nouns names, speaking and writing can bind these parts of speech with others in the context of the sentence. With case, another category of noun is directly related - his declination. From the correct definition of which, by the way, the spelling correctness written is dependent.

Category of case

Padege names of nouns - such a grammatical category, which indicates the ratio of this part of speech to other words in the proposal. These links may be implemented not only with the help of case forms - help in this prepositions, as well as intonation painting and even the order of words.

In modern Russian, there are only 6 pelvic forms.

Once in ancient Russian language there was another, seventh, charting case. But he lost his importance in the development of language culture. Echoes of the charting case remained in the surroundings. Previously, he was comparable to the very famous and indicated the appeal: Father, human. At the present stage of the development of the Russian language, it is implemented in such colloquial appeals: sing, vash, tan, etc.

The value and shape of the expression of cases. Nominative

In addition to grammatical significance, the case of nouns have a lexical. We will analyze them.

Nominative. This is the main form of the noun. Used in academic literature (vocabulary). In this case, it is always subject to, also the word in it. P. may be an integral part of the fad.

Example: Roses dismissed on time. Subject roses stands in the nominative case.

Another example: This tree is birch. Subject wood (Named, leaving birch - Named part of the composite name of the fag, stands in it. P.).

Values \u200b\u200bof the genitive case

Genitive. Can bind nouns with different parts of speech. So, if the genitive case binds two nouns, then it will mark:

• the substance that means measure: liter kvass;
• affiliation: mine shoesb;
• object any action: boiling water;
• definition relationships: beauty fields.

Parental case applies with a comparative degree of adjectives: stronger (whom?) Bull. With quantitative: thousand (what?) rubles.

As for the verb and verb forms, this case is applied in the following cases:

• indicates a specific object when the transition verb is associated: disposition;
• used after such verbs like be afraid to achievei and DR: to achieve (what?) Permissions.

A genitive case is used when an accurate date is reported. For example: She was born sixth (what?) March thousand nine hundred eighty second.

Values \u200b\u200bof dative and vinitive cases

Other cases of nouns names are not so rich in lexical values \u200b\u200band grammatical connections. Thus, the dating case binds to the verbs and some noun (ungalled). It has a side facility: to help parents (Compare: help around the house - direct object).

The accusative case indicates that we have a direct addition to us: i am writing a poem.

Current and proposed case

The noun in the arterial case will be the following values:

• weapon or method of action: beat (than?) fist (method), beat (than?) hammer (instrument);
• subject acting: wrong (who?) Mom; washed off (than?) rag;
• it is part of the name of the said: she was (by whom?) by a doctor.

The proposed case is special, it is applied from his name. He always requires a pretext. May mean:

• the topic of conversation, thoughts, and so on.: let's talk (about what?) About the work of Goethe; i think about whom?) About an excellent stranger;
• temporary and geographic indicators: meet (when?) last weekend; work (where?) in the cafe.
• used to designate the date, but not complete, but indicating the year: i was born (when?) Thousands of nine hundred and ninety year.

Declination of nouns

To write spelling spectacularly, you need to know not only the case. The declination of nouns has a primary role. In Russian, three types of declination, each of them requires certain expirations. To determine the belonging to one of them, the names of the nouns, the case, the genus you need to know first.

Such nouns as homeland, land, frame, refer to the first decline. They are united by belonging to the female genus and ending -A / -E. Also in these declines got small nouns for men: Vitya, Grandfather, Dad. In addition, they are united by endings -A / -E.

A much extensive group of nouns of male genus type: son-in-law, wolf, sofa. They have a zero ending. These words are given to the second decline. The same group includes nouns medium-sized flexions - well: sea, building, crime.

If you are a noun a female genus, ending on a soft sign (zero ending), it will refer to the third decline: rye, young people, daughter, brooch.

There may be nouns to have an adjective decline, that is, they change on cases of cases like adjective and communion. These include those who have made the transition from these parts of speech into the noun: living room meeting.

To determine which cases of nouns' names are used in the sentence, it is necessary to find the word to which the noun and ask a question.

For example, we define cases and decline in nouns in the sentence: Motorcyclist drove at a flat terrain.

Subject motorcyclist Does not apply to any other word, because it is the main member of the sentence, therefore, stands in the nominative case. Determine the declination: the zero ending and male genus indicate that the word is 2 declines. Noun with pretext by terrain Depends on the word ekal. We ask the question: rode (where?) By terrain. This is a question of the proposed case. Locality - female genus, ends on b, Therefore, the third decline.

The declination of the nouns

To determine how ending it is required to write a name noun, genus, the number, the case and the decline to know necessarily. The declination is solid and soft: the word can end on a soft or solid consonant. For example: lamp - solid type; pan - Soft.

We give examples of the decline in the names of the nouns single and pay attention to the end in some forms.

First declination

Attention should be paid to the duty and proposed case. They require graduation. In noun to-formation, on the contrary, in these cases, it should be written ending.

Second declination

Here we pay attention to the proposed case: it requires ending-. If the noun ends on -y / -th, then in this case you need to write-and.

Third declination

We pay attention to the case of the PAID, the duty and the proposed: they require the end-. It should also be remembered that after those hissing in the singular in this decline it is required to write a soft sign. In the plural it is not needed.

The declination of nouns

We will analyze the case of nouns of the multiple number.

Nouns in the dutiful, efficient and proposed cases have identical endings.

End expirations are nouns in a plural. The first can be in all three decons, the second - in some nouns of the second decline: director, Storam, Professor.

To distinguish the lexical values \u200b\u200bof nouns supplied in the form of a plural, different endings are used: sheet,but Leaves (at the tree)and Sheets (at the book).

Such nouns like contracts, elections, engineers, officers, designers It is required to write only with the end. Other flexia is a violation of the norm.

Different noun

In Russian, there is a unique group of nouns. When changing the cases, they have the end of various decons. The group includes those words that end on -th (for example, time, elder), as well as the word way.

Like noun 3 declosion, these words in the singular, the patent, the duties and the proposed costs require the end.

Unchanging noun

Another special group of nouns - unchangeable. They are not put in the form of the number and case. They always have one form: without kimono (R. p.) - about Kimono. (P. p.); new Kimono. (un.) - bought Kimono. (mn. h.).

How to determine in this case how is the name of the noun grammatically expressed? The number, the case, look according to the word to which it applies. Premes:

1. Pedestrians hurried over the new highway.

2. The new highway is laid.

In the first sentence, we determine the number and case of adjective new (un. h., D. p.). In the second - also by adjective new (MN., NAM.P.).

Unchanging nouns are, as a rule, foreign language words like nominal ( tyro, cafe) and your own ( Baku, Hugo). Also unchangeable comprehensive words (abbreviations). For example: EUM, NPP.