"Hit" words! Learn French stress. Presentation of emphasis in French stress in French words

Friends, let's talk with you about such a phonetic phenomenon, like emphasis in French. As you know, the emphasis is the allocation of one of the components of speech by any acoustic agent: sound, intonation. Newbies, just started to study French, may experience difficulties, wondering how the stress in French words fall on the syllable?

Those who have already managed to make friends with French, managed to notice that the emphasis in French words always falls on the last syllable. In general, emphasis in French is a thing, quite curious, and, it means that interesting for those who study this language. Because in this language there is not only sound, but also graphic, that is, a written emphasis, which has its own, very important function in words. It is about this that we will talk today.

So, dear readers, as we said, in French, the emphasis in words falls on the last syllable. And words with an emphasis on the last syllable and are called oxitones - les.oxytons.Pay attention to examples of French words. We specifically highlighted the letter with the word so that you notice how the stress falls on the syllable:

• parler - talk, talk
• demander - ask
• rAISONNABLE - rational
• chanson - Song
• rougir - Blurry

In French, oxytons can be whole phrases and suggestions. This means that the emphasis falls on the last word in the proposal (and, of course, on the last syllable of the last word). For example:

• Je Vais à l'école. - I I go in school.
• Tu.parles.avec.tA.m.È re. - You are talking to your mom.
• Charles Cherche Son Ami. - Charles Looking for His friend.

Such a phenomenon is very convenient for those who study French. Because you can never be mistaken in what emphasis say words. Just hit all the words on the last syllable, and there are no problems!

We figured out with sound stress, we now turn to the graphic stress. There are four of these stresses in French. Do not be surprised, now you will learn everything!

Les Accents En Français

Graphic signs over French words and are called les. or stress. They are only four, and they are called l 'accent.gravel 'accent.aigu,l 'accent Circonflexe. and le.tRÉmA.

Now let's see how they are indicated by the letter:

• l'Accent Grave. (à, è etc.) - FR è re, M. è re, P. è re.
• l'Accent Aigu. (é )) - Piti é , Charit. é , Enchant. é
• l'Accent Circonflexe. (î, ô, â, ê etc.) - Thé â tre, S'il Vous Pla î t.
• le Tréma. (ï etc.) - MA ï s, Citro. ë n.

Friends, pay attention to the table in which we give general rules and functions of graphic strokes of French:

And now pay attention to the use of graphic strokes with letters and basic letters of french:

Newbies in French mistakenly think that these sticks, points and hats over vowels are absolutely not needed. But, missing such an emphasis in that word in which it should be, you allow a coarse error. Yes, friends, the omission of graphic strokes is a grammatical error. Because all these we are needed and important in French.

The fact is that l 'accent.grave.indicates a closed syllable in the word. It needs to be pronounced with a more open mouth. L. ’ accent.aigu.indicates an open syllable. When uttered the mouth should be slightly covered. Le.tRÉmA.indicates that non-promotable vowel should pronounce . Well and l 'accent.circonflexe.- This is a whole separate conversation.

All you want to know about L'Accent Circonflexe

L 'accent.circonflexe.may stand over any vowel letter of French: â, ê, î, ô, û or letterpart: aî, Eî, Oî, Eû, Oû, Oê \u003d, In addition to y, Au, Eau.

Here are a few rules relating to this hats over vowels:

• L 'accent.circonflexe.never over the vowel, which precedes two consonants (except indivisible groups: tr,cl. etc.) and letter x. Exceptions: a) before double sS. in words châ.sSIS chassis,châ.sSIS-oblavaand in the forms of verb croître.; b) in Passé Simple verbs venir,tenir. and their derivatives: nous.vînanmesvous.vînantes. etc.
• L 'accent.circonflexe. Never over a vowel letter, followed by another vowel, regardless of whether this last or not, for example, is pronounced: cRû (m. r.), BUT: crue. (g. r.). An exception: bâiller..
• In combination of two vowels l 'accent.circonflexe.it is always over the second: traître, Théâtre..
• He is not put over the last letter of the word. Exception: Communion Dû, CRû, Mû, Interdomietia ô, allla and foreign words, and names ( Salammbô etc.), sound resistance ( mê-ê.!).
• L 'accent.circonflexe. Do not stand above e.If this is the first letter in the word. An exception: être.
• L 'accent.circonflexe. Never put over nasal vowels. Even when l in this root is used ’ accent.circonflexe., he disappears if the vowel receives the bowrel: traînerentraîner.But: trainentrain;jeû.ner.But: à jeun.. Exceptions: nous Vînmes, Vous Vîntes etc.
• L 'accent.circonflexe. never breaks off lettering unlike l'Accent Aigu. and le Tréma.

Presence in the Word l 'accent.circonflexe. Explained by several factors.

• Etymological factor - it replaces the disappeared letter.
• The phonetic factor - it denotes the duration of the vowel in combination with the change in its timbre.
• Morphological factor - it participates in some types of word formation.
• Differentiating factor - it serves to distinguish between homonyms.

Most often l 'accent.circonflexe.in words, the letter disappeared from one or another word. It all depends on the origin of this word. This suggests that once these letters were in these words, but with the development of the language, they abolished or disappeared as unnecessary, and in their place arose l 'accent.circonFlexe,to remind you of the disappeared letter.

For example: fê.tE -festival - Festival; âme -anima - Soul;sû.r -sEUR -securum is reliable, confident.

How to cope with these graphic symbols above french words? There is no other way out - you just need to memorize, remember the words in which they are present. And for this you need to work with French texts as much as possible and then the emphasis in French will not cause difficulties. Good luck!

In the introductory course, we will look at the sounds of French, leading, where possible, their exemplary sounds in Russian and showing for each sound, which French letters or letters it is transmitted.

Introductory phonetic The course consists of 12 lessons and not Includes grammar

Sounds [a], [p], [b], [t], [d], [f], [v], [m], [n]

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Exercise number 1. Clearly and vigorously say:

[RA - BA - TA - DA - FA - VA - MA - NA].

Exercise number 2. Opposite the letter or letterproof write transcription. Check yourself on the table above.

Exercise number 3. Read the sounds on transcription, not forgetting about their clear and comprehensive pronunciation. Check yourself on the table above.

[n], [b], [m], [d], [a], [f], [p], [v], [t].

Consonant sounds at the end of words

Rule concerns all those consonants that you read further: at the end of the words, they do not undergo any changes and sound just as distinctly, as in front of the vowel sound.

Watch yourself: Read out loud Russian words R. b., R. d., Ro. in. What do you hear at the end of the words? You hear: [R. p], [ra t.], [ro f.]. Never admit such replacements in your French speech!

Exercise number 4. Say, clearly opposing the end sounds:

, [RAR - PAB] ,,,.

If the word ends on the sound [v], then any shock vowel
in front of him, as a rule, extends, for example.
The colon in transcription indicates the longitude of the vowel.

Exercise number 5. Say, distinguishing the final [f] and [v]:

, , .

Letter e. At the end of words. French stress. The clarity of French vowels

Letter e. At the end of words, in most cases, it is not read, for example:
dAM. e. - lady, arab e. - Arabic ,y ,y.

The emphasis in French words falls on the last syllable, for example: PAPA - dad. Next it will not be indicated in transcription.

All French vowels sound the same distinctly and brightly as under the emphasis,
so in an unstressed position, for example: Panama - Panama.
All three [a] are pronounced equally energetically, not "swallow" and do not change.

Exercise number 6. Read, not forgetting that the emphasis in French words always falls on the last syllable:

Sound [R]

It is believed that the sound [R] in the Paris pronunciation is one of the most difficult French sounds for Russians. However, Paris, according to Academician Scherba, is not all France, and since in the province there is a pronunciation of this sound, close to Russian, in addition, the Russians may remain at their [R]. It is only necessary to observe the general rule of the pronunciation of French consonants: at the end of the words [R], it sounds as distinctly and tense, as in other positions. Listen to yourself: Slide out loud words raB - Ba. r, rhell - yes r, ran - B. r. You will hear that [p] at the end of words in each pair sounds much weaker than at the beginning of the words. So, achieve the final [p] did not differ from the initial, - and do so in your French speech!

Those who still want to get closer to the Paris pronunciation, we advise you to do the following. Loudly, with pressure, as if you were an angry with someone answered, - say Russian words but g.a, D. g.oh and watch how you pronounce the sound [g]. Then calmly, as if thoughtfully, say the words A g.a!, O. g.about! - And you will notice that in place the letter g. A completely different sound is pronounced - this, as if on his paths in the oral cavity, no obstacles are formed. Pretty remember this sound - it is still like that [g], which we hear in the Russian speech of people talking to the Ukrainian accent. Pronounce Ukrainian sound [g] on the spot of French [R] - This is an option, quite acceptable for beginners.

Finally, those who dissellivate the Russian sound [P] of the Karto - from the nature of whether, in a joke, - can transfer this skill and in their French speech. Martial Russian [P] Instead of French [R], it is also suitable.

So, we offer you three variants of the pronunciation of French [R] - the choice is yours!

Exercise number 8. Read:

If the word ends on the sound [R], then any shock vowel
in front of him, as a rule, extends, for example:
bar - bar, amarre - anchor chain.

Exercise number 9. Read:

Exercise number 10. Practice in the letter, rubbing the pencil (not on the monitor!) The contours of French letters. The French are more often written by printed letters - learn this and you.

in French

French is famous for its complex spelling. There is such a number of dumb letters, that is, letters that are not pronounced, as well as combinations of several letters, which are read by one sound, there is not in any other European language. This is due to the history of the development of the language and the national features of his people - the French do not want to forget their ancestors and in the tribute to them retain their complex writing, but constantly simplify their oral speech.

If you come to accept the fact that part of the letters do not need to read, then read in French is quite simple, but it is much more difficult to write. Yes, and on the rumor a very little chance of writing the word in French correctly, if you have never seen it is written, so it is so important to read books in French. Only books can help learn French spell.

For Russian-speaking, there is a certain complexity in the development of French pronunciation, since it has a number of sounds, which are no analogues in Russian. But these sounds a little and master them are quite simple.

In French, the Latin alphabet is used, there is no own letters, but there are letters with so-called diacritics (invasses, chopsticks, checklocks and dots above the letters), which we consider below

Let us turn to the reading rules.

Vowels and their combinations

In general, vowels read quite standard: a [a], E [e], i [and], o [o], u [o], y [and]

But they have some Features

1. Letter e.:

• in the open unstressed syllable is read as [œ] - something average between Oh, E and E (we put lips as to pronounce oh, but trying to pronounce e)
• at the end of the word from several syllables, it is not read at all

2. Letter u. read as something average between y and yu (as in the word tulle)

3. Letter y:

• between vowels is read as [th] ( royal).
• between consonants is read as [and] ( stylo).

4. Before consonant sounds [P], [s], [F], [in], [BP], shock vowels are becoming long: b.aSE [BAAZ].

Vowels with diacritics (dashes and chopsticks)

Over French vowels, we often see different drops, sticks, ticks, dots, etc. This is again the tribute of the French with their ancestors, since these characters mean that there was some consonant next to this letter earlier, which is no longer written. For example, the word holiday Fête happened from the Latin word and lost the letter S in the middle, but in the Russian word of the same origin of the Festival and Spanish "Fiesta" this letter remained.

In most cases, these characters do not affect pronunciation, and help distinguish with similar words, but you will not hear this difference for the rumor!

Remember only the following options are needed:

• è and ê Read as [ɛ] (as Russian E): tête.
• é Reading as [E] (like e in a smile): télé.
• if there are two points over the vowels, it is necessary to simply pronounce separately from the previous one: Noël, Egoïst

Special combinations of vowels

• oi. Reading as [UA]: trois [True].
• uI Reading as [UI]: N uIT [NUE]
• ou. Reads as [U]: cour [chickens].
• eAU I.aU. Read as [o]: Beaucoup [side], AUTO [OTO].
• eU, œu and letter e.(in an open unstressed syllable) are read as [œ] / [Ø] / [ǝ] (something mean between O and E): neuf [Neof], Regarder [Ryugarde].
• aI and eI Read as [E]: mAIS [ME], Beige [Baj].

Consonants and their combinations

Most of the consonants are read standard:

b - [b]; C - [K]; d - [d]; F - [F]; G - [g]; h - [x]; j - [j]; L - [l]; m - [m]; n - [n]; P - [P]; R - [p]; S - [s]; t - [t]; V - [in]; W - [UE]; X - [COP]; z - [s]

Features of french consonants:

• h. Never read
  
• l.always read soft
• n. At the end of the syllable is always read in the nose
• r. Always read by Karto

But, of course, there are other readings of these consonants:

1. The consonants are not read (silent consonants):

• At the end of the words are not read: t, d, s, x, z, p, g, eS, TS, DS, PS (rose, Nez, Climat, Trop, Heureux, Nid, Sang; Roses, Nids, Cadets)
• At the end of the word is not read c. after n.: unbanc..
• Not read by the end of verbs -Ent: ils.parlent.
• At the end of the word, it is not read after E (- eR): parler.

Exceptions: in some nouns and adjectives, for example: HIVER [IVER] , Cher. [Sher] , mer. [mayor], hier [JER], FER [Fair.] , ver [WER] .

2. Special Consignment Conscious Cases

• double consonant letters are read as one sound: pOMME [POM],cLASSE [class].
• c. read as [s] before I, E, Y And, if written with the tail below ç : cirquegarçon. , in Other cases read as [K]
• g. read as [F] before i, E, Y: courage, B. Other cases read as [g]: garçon. [Garson]
• s. between vowels read as [z]: Vase [WAAZ]
• x.reading:

1. at the beginning of the word between vowels as [GZ]: eXOTIQUE [Egzotic ]
   
2. in quantitative numerals as [s]: siX [SIS], dIX. [dis].
3. in ordinal numerals as [z]: Sixième [Size], Dixième[Diem]
4. in other cases, as [COP]

• t. Reading as [C] before I + vowel: national [Nacional]

3. Special combinations of consonants

• ch Reading as [Sh]: chercher [Sherche].
• pH Reading as [F]:photo [photo].
• gN. Reading as [n]: ligne [Lin].

Special combinations of vowels and consonants

• qU. Reading as [K]: qui [ki].
• gU Before the vowel is read as [g]: guerre [GER].
• iland il Reading as [th]: travail [Take], Famille [Families].

Exceptions: Ville [Wille], Mille [miles], Tranquille [Trankl], Lille [Lill].

Nasal sounds (N at the end of the syllable always read in the nose):

• aN, AM, EN, EM [An]: enfance, Ensemble.
• oN, OM. [is he]: bon, NOM.
• iN, IM, EIN, AIM, AIN, YN, YM [En]: jardin.
  
• un, Um. [en]: brun., Parfum.
• oIN. [Wen]: coin.
• iEn. [en]: bien.

Emphasis

Here you are waiting for just wonderful news! In French, the emphasis always falls on the last syllable. There are no more rules. There is no such gift for learning a language in any other European language.

But remember, if words are connected or adhered, then the emphasis falls on the last syllable of the last word of this design.

Coupling and taking words in French

• Clutch: The ultimate pronounced consonant one word forms with the initial vowel next word one syllable: el. l.e AIME [ELEM]
  
• Binding: The ultimate unprofitable consonant begins to sound, contacting the initial vowel next word: c'es. t. ELLE [SE TEL], À neu f. Heures [and Newer].

Apostrophe

Apostrof is a comma on top.

Pronouns and articles ending with vowels lose it and replace on the apostrophe if after them is the word novice

Instead c. e. EST - C'EST [SE], L e. Arbre - L'Arbre [Lranbr], j e. ai - j'ai [ze], je t e. AIM - Je T'aim [TEM]

If you doubt how to read some word, enter it into any free online translator and click "Listen". Such a translator has Google. The French-Russian version of the translator is so-so, but he voiced by him well :)

Typical Russian-speaking mistakes in the pronunciation of French words:

Usually the Russian person speaking in French is the easiest way to determine the wrong pronunciation of those French sounds, which are not in Russian:

• russians utter sound [œ] As [e], and it is necessary as something among the average between Oh, E and E (we put lips as to pronounce o, but trying to pronounce E). This sound appears when reading EU and E at the end of the word consisting of one syllable (QU e., F. eUP. eUx, M. e.T. e., C. e., V. oEU., nerv eUx, S. eUl, L. eUr, C. oEU.r, S. oEU.r)
• we pronounce sound [U] As an ordinary [y] or [Yu], and it is necessary for something mean between y and yu (as in the word "tulle")
• karaty french R.pronounce neartavo
• and the nasal sounds say as simple [H].
• also among Russians in French often the lack of difference between long and short vowels
• and too solid pronunciation letter l.
  

But even if we say this way, you will still understand you. It is better to talk with the Russian accent in French than not to speak at all.

To correctly understood you, you need to pronounce one or another phrase accordingly. Each nationality rejoices in different ways, loves and surprised, so we are not always having to hear someone else's speech. Raising and falling intonation, pauses in sentences in colloquial and book speech are different, so the study of this topic is very important!

The study of any language, including French, includes knowledge of various grammatical rules and vocabulary, as well as the correct use of intonation. The intonation of French is noticeably different from Russian, so it can often be misunderstanding with its carriers. It is necessary to clearly understand what intonation is to learn how to own it right.

Intonation It is a change of primary tone during the pronunciation of the sentence, as well as the intensity and its duration. Separately consider the composite elements of intonation to which we resort, but do not even think about it. And, it means, intonation is the concept of multicomponent, and each of the components must be understood.

• Speech melodiousness is a change in voice, that is, its increase and fall, which, for example, will be able to distinguish an exclamationative offer from the questionative.
• Rhythm speech is an alternation in the proposal and words of vowel shock and unstressed, syllables of debt and short, and an example of whether the rhythm of any poem can be.
• Speech intensity depends on breathing, this is weakness or power with which we read children's children or communicate by phone, talking to friends in a cafe or in a noisy crowd.
• The tempo of speech is the rate of pronouncing phrases, offers and expressions between speech segments, which can be understood by the example of reading out loud of poetry or patter.
• The speech timbre is responsible for the emotional equipment of the phrase, it is sound color, expression.
• The phrase emphasis is noted in semantic groups - phrases or segments of proposals associated with a common concrete meaning. Sometimes there is a selection of individual words.

Put a beautiful pronunciation and work out beautiful intonation is not so simple, the main thing is to understand which one of its components is difficult to listen to the French speech and, it is desirable to resort to audioocrats, repeat the phrase speaker, and then you will speak French like real French At the subconscious level. How exactly do it, let's try to disassemble the examples. So let's get up!

First of all, you should know that the emphasis in French falls on the last syllable, whether it is one word or a rhythmic group. For example, in the word Le Paquebot, the emphasis on "O" - Le Paple. And in the word Summary of Le Paquebot Magnifique in the first word emphasis will be less strong almost inconspicuous, and it will have to the last syllable of the last word, that is, "and". That is, Lee Packup manific. Unlike Russian, where we should give your emphasis in each word, French gives an emphasis of a whole rhythmic group, and it is important to remember!

Rhythmic group and its components

The French word when used in speech often loses its independence, that is, the emphasis, as well as the phonetic boundaries. Words as if they would merge into one single solid word allocated by intonation. This phenomenon is called the rhythmic group. There are a number of specific rules for which the words binding occurs.

The rhythmic group can be compiled in several ways:

• Signless word and related words to him and, if there are pronoun. For example: JE NE VAIS PAS.
• The rhythmic group may consist of words denoting a general concept. For example: Chemin de Fer is the railway.
• Phrases consisting of adjective and nouns or adverbs, adjective and noun. For example: Mauvais Élève.
• If the defining word is multiplayled, then it itself is a rhythmic group. For example: Femme Méchante.
• If the defining word is single, then it will truck the rhythmic group with the words defined. For example: Parler Haut.

It should also be noted the presence of such an interesting phenomenon, as the enhancement emphasis, it is not always noticeable, but there is a place to be. Called Accent D'Insistance. It falls at the first syllable of the first word in the rhythmic group to more pronounce the emotion expressed. For example:

c'est'formidable.

Statement. In a separate short rhythmic group, there is a raising voice, and then fall on the last syllable, if we are talking about the affirmative offer. For example: Il Arrive Demain - on the last syllable is pronounced at a lower note.

If the proposal is long, consisting of two rhythmic groups, but intonation is distributed like this: the first part of the proposal rises, and the second is lowered. For example: Elles Sont Arrivées Tous Les Trois L`après-Midi Pour M'apporter Des Livres. This offer should be divided into two parts, the first: Elles Sont Arrivées Tous Les Trois L`près-MIDI, which will be pronounced on a raised voice, the votes will go to the second part: Pour M'apporter Des Livres. The height of the tone in the center of the phrase is the strongest emphasis set in the whole sentence.

Question? In an interviewal sentence that implies an affirmative or negative answer, that is, "yes" or "no", the last syllable will be pronounced on the note higher than the entire rhythmic group. For example:

arrive-T-Il Demain?

It is also necessary to remember that for each language there are its own characteristic features other than other languages. Language is a historically established phenomenon that has been formed not at least one year and improved. Therefore, it is not surprising that French differs from Russian, and its characteristic difference is the clear pronunciation of all the sound, without liketing each other, their clear allocation, and not ingestion, especially at the end of the words!

Pay attention to the missing stunning and mitigating sounds, with the exception of [K] and [G], and vowels are not characterized by reduction, that is, they do not change in unstressed syllables, as in Russian. For example: Russian word Dresser sounds "Kotamot", and in French, this is the word Commode and sounds "Dresser" without any changes.

For beginners, it may seem unusual, such a distribution of intonation. But in order to achieve understanding and shine with their emphasis, or rather its absence, it is necessary to study the rules for the introduction of intonation. The French intonation is not so rich as Russian, it can be seen on the example in the theater, when the actors will read any text, and performed by almost every actor, the intonation will not differ, as well as the emotions invested in the voice. Here you need to be a real pros in order to clearly cope with such a complex task.

But everything is compensated by facial expressions. Each actor has an extensive facial expressive, he abolisses a lot, expresses feelings by eyes, just one glance ... And you probably paid attention that the elderly French and Frenchwoman have a very relief person on which a lot of wrinkles, but it does not look ugly, but, on the contrary , very cute. It is not necessary to play a role to gesticulate and use your facial expressive to the maximum, it is enough to be a Frenchman. Good luck to you in the conquest of French intonation, French, French personality!

As you know, Latin is a mother of European languages, and a romance-known mother. And there is no such rule in it so that the emphasis is always put on the last syllable (in the doubles - on the second). Yes, and in other French brothers: Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, also not observed this "preservation". (Unless, in one-step - to the only one)))))) It means that the solidification is not Latin, but in other ancestors of the French - Galli, Frankish, Oil (Langues D)

The French seek to merge all the words into a single stream, that is, to pronounce an offer from individual words, and the phrase with a completely specific meaning, and trying to do it, make the last syllable sound drum. So it turns out if you merge. You think about it, it happens, because we remember the phrase "by all means" as a separate semantic unit, having a specific meaning, and not a set of 6 words, each of which has its own value, and is rather big! Or when the concept is hidden behind one hashteg, rather than the totality of individual elements # clearly?

In short, on the last word in the sentence, and already as a result, on the last layer in the word and the emphasis lies. Although, the very concept of emphasis, oddly enough, cannot be said that it is fully and present in French. And still such an impact looks like a knock of the heart, maybe, also therefore, the language of France is called the language of love? Although, as in this case, to be with the language of Belgium, Switzerland, Canada, Monaco, Guiana, Benin, Burkina Faso, Gabon, Guinea, DRK-Democratic Republic of the Congo (former Zaire), the Republic of Congo (this time undemocratic, countries called Congo in Africa 2, see the map of the world), Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), Madagascar, Mali, Niger, Senegal, and the fact that also in Africa.

And this has undeniable advantages:

1. When the emphasis is fixed, it is difficult to make a mistake by putting it not in that place. Moreover, in the names and surnames. But do not despair, there is another way to please in an awkward situation: read extra letters or make a mistake with difthongami.
2. Many songs sound in French by the fact that every line, and the whole song, respectively, ends with an emphasis. Therefore, it is possible to determine whether another song was anonya French or not.
3. Easy to parody the French, speaking in their own language, just sending at the end of the emphasis.
4. Again - feature

Do you know what is the funny thing? French words, as well as the names of their own, ending with the consonant, coming to Russian retain the emphasis on the last syllable, but, mostly in the nominative, sometimes in the vinegenial case, and in indirect emphasis falls to the Russian end! Not quite clear? I will give an example: the city of Limoges - in Limoges, and not in Limoges. ("I traded, for example, in the Limoges of the Pupies" Replica Buton from Kolas Svyatosh "M. Bulgakov) Yes, what to go far?
Jacques - Jacques, Jeanne, sorry, Jean
Paris - Paris,
Leon - Leon.
Limousine - Limousine