Boyfriend Morozova: biography and interesting facts. Fear of Morozov

Borovsky is associated with one of the most tragic stories of the split of the Russian Church - the death of the fear of Feodosia Prokopyevna Morozova.

We all remember the picture of Surikov - Theodosius Morozov, champed in iron, are carrying through Moscow, and it raises two fingers, as a sign that she did not reject the old faith, the reforms of the Patriarch Nikon does not accept, and is ready to go on martyrs.

In fact, everything was not quite so. Morozov and her sister Eddokia Urusov were driving through Moscow, but only her hand could not raise, because she was riveted to the stone blocks so that their hands were elongated down. Surikov could not but know this, but apparently he needed to show the imbibular strength of this woman.

Below we see the modern house, on the site of which was the grave of Feodosia Morozova and Eubocia Urusovoy, approximately near the corner of the building.

In 1936, the Comrades of the Bolsheviks were divided by this grave, and in her place they built a district party. The grave was revealed, the remains of it were reversed, and few people know where they are now. Apparently, the Old Believers keep it in secret.

Here, nearby the building of the former Borovsky gymnasium, built on the site of the progress, which contained these two persistent women.

Feodosia Morozov and Evdokia Urusov were brought to this width in the winter of 1673 years after monstrous torture. They arrived here by the living waters, and Borovchane met them as saints.

Although they were kept in a progress, people came to them families, asked for blessings, brought food, prayed with them, and the high bosses found that they were not sufficiently strictly.

After that, the sufferers moved to the pit to die with a hungry death. They died in it. This is a heartbreaking episode, because in the pit they sat for a very long time. Apparently, people still found a way to throw them something out of food.

Evdokia Urusova died earlier than his sister, when she was informed that her husband was renounced from her, and together with the children accepted a new faith, and her children had forgotten. Feodosia Prokopyevna survived her for a month and a half. She was 44 years old.

A legend has been preserved, like a boyfriend Morozov, already dying, the guard prayer to throw her at least Kalachik, at least a cucumber, at least an apple. And the guard replied: "Forgive Mother, I can not, I'm afraid." When women who have already been dead, removed from the pit, they were completely gray and looked like skeletons.

In 2005, the chapel of the memory of Morozova was erected in Borovsk. They built it for 4 years only on folk donations. Below, at the base of the chapel, there is a tombstone of Morozova and Urusova, which their brothers once put on their grave. But it is impossible to get to her.

When you think about the history of the split of the Russian Church, about Niconian reforms, about the furious resistance of the Morozova's uninterrupts, always asked the question, and what did Nikon offer?

But apparently resisted even so much reform themselves as methods that Nikon spent them. He ordered, he was not advised to anyone, did not explain anything to anyone, but acted, and did it very brutally.

It should be noted that such a reform in the municipality passed quite painlessly. And we have horror and darkness. Well, I hope the Lord will figure it out. He is visible.

IN AND. Surikov. Fear of Morozov

Theodosa Prokopyevna Morozova (1632-1675) - Worker of Old Believers, Support of the Avvakum Protopopa. Thanks to the picture, Surikov became known just as a boyfriend of Morozov.

The first sketches to the "Boyaryn Morozova" belong to 1881. The final version of 3.04 at 5.86 m Surikov graduated in 1887. The contemporaries said that Surikov recreated "Genuine Starin, as if her eyewitness."

The image of the boyars The artist gave a frantic feature: a hand raised in a bobbers, a bloodless fanatical face reflects the Avvakum said about it: "You throw on the enemy, Aki Leo."

The picture is depicted "shame following the fear of the feodosya Prokopyevna Morozova for interrogation to the Kremlin for commitment to the split into the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich." Some characters in the picture are curious, individuals - mock, but most of the people look at her with reverence and puts it. Among the crowds of Surikov also depicted himself as a wanderer with a staff standing in deep thoughtfulness.

The picture of the boyars Morozova Surikov V.I. This work of the artist is inspired by a purely Russian flow of non-easy life of that time, hard and not good time of church split.

Surikov portrayed a sad but invincible image of Morozova's main heroine, in 1887, in the most composite film center she is richly dressed in a fur coat, it is brought to the sleigh on the streets of Moscow to the faithful death chained in the shackles, her hands are tied with a chain, with a raised hand up.

The boyfriend shouts the crowd of the people the farewell words, she is fanatically dedicated to her old faith and not for any rugs she will not sell it and the people mostly sympathize with her and is experiencing her tragedy as well as their own.

In the image of the haulant of Morozova Surimov, the Great Spirit of the Unlight of the Faith of the Russian Woman was configured, which was close to the king and had significant authority at the court and all the luxury of boyars life, but for the sake of faith ready for peril.

The painting of Morozova was fulfilled in habitual for Surikov in colorful colors, playing on the contrast of human destiny, reflecting among dressed and shown citizens, barely dressed in the dirty and miserable robe, a typical character of medieval Russia who, too, with sympathy, chasing the boyfriend. To the right of Her Sister of the Morozova, Her Sister of Princess Urusov covered in a white handkerchief with an embroidery, accomplishing her, she spiritualized to repeat a similar act.

The picture shows a lot of Russian people, among sympathizers there are also displeased acts, gloatingly laughing in her next, sentenced themselves similar about her madness. Among the many characters, the paintings of Surikov depicted themselves as a wanderer who wanders on the cities and villages. The name of the boyfriend of Morozova was at all on the mouth and everyone understood it in his own way.

This deeply historical Russian picture of Surikov, where the humiliated splitter is boyaring Morozov. The artist is in the victorious image of a not broken woman. The artist Surikov Fewing Morozova gives the viewer of the picture to feel the entire tragedy of this action, feel the last and hard life of a deeply believer of the Russian people.

Today the picture is located in the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow, size 304 by 587.5 cm

Biography of Morozova Boyruck

Morozova's boyfriend was born in Moscow on May 21, 1632, she is a daughter of the Scholnichnaya Sokovnina Prokopiya Fedorovich, who was a relative of Mary Ilinichna 1st wife of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Morozova's surname Inherited from marriage with Moroza Gleb Ivanovich, who came from the most significant ones of Morozov, who were the closest relatives of the royal family of Romanov.

After the death of Brother Boris Ivanovich Morozova, and later and Ivanovich's Gleb, all the inheritance passes the young son of Ivan. Behind the youngster of his son, the Feodosia Morozova was managed by all this state, there were 8 thousand peasants in her power, only domestic servants in the house there were three hundred people.

At that time, she had the estate of the estate distinguished the great luxury on the sample of rich foreign manshes. She traveled on a beautiful road carriage with an escort to a hundred people. Rich heritage, life with taste, it would seem that nothing bad should have happened in her biographies of boyars life.

Fear of Morozova Theodosius Prokopyevna was a bright supporter of Russian old co-investment. In her house, various annexers were often gathered, persecuted by the royal power of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, in order to pray from the old old-belt icons in the ancient Russian rites.

The boyfriend Morozova was very closely in contact with Protopop Avvakum, one of the ideologues of old-believe, favorably belonged to the oborudy and beggars, which often found warmth and shelter in her house.

Despite the fact that the boyfriend Morozov adhered to the old goods, she also visited the church of the new rite, which, accordingly, did not pain her in the person of supporters of the old faith. Subsequently, she secretly accepted the posture of the Old Believers, where she was told by the name of Feodor, thereby retired from visiting secular and church events. Refused the invitation to the wedding of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich on the pretext of the disease, despite the fact that she was always approaching the king to the king and had the status of the Verkhovna Bohruny at the courtyard.

Such behavior of Theodore did not like the king accordingly. The king was trying to act many times at her with the help of relatives, sent Boyarov Troekharov to persuade her to take a new faith, but everything was in vain.

To punish the harunt one for such sins, the king hindered the high boyars position of Morozova, and the queen Maria Ilinichna also held the king from punishing the rapid boyfriend. Nevertheless, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich exhausted all his royal patience, sent to the Morozova Archimandrite of the Sure Monastery of Jacma, a couple with a twisted Dumachie Ilarion Ivanov.

From hatred for these guests and the new faith of the sister Feodosia Princess Urusov, in disagreement, fell into bed and was lying on their interrogations. After all this shameful action, according to Archimandrite, they were challenged into the shackles, the truth was left the sisters under house arrest.

Even after, when she was taken to interrogations in the miracles of the monastery and then she did not give up the Pskovo-Pechersk monastery, all her boyars estate, the ownership of the boarantine passed into the royal treasury, all the time she supported relations with the old-supplied associates that helped her and sympathized, they brought her food and things and even one old-priest priest secretly seized her.

According to her soul, he asked the king to the Patriarch Pitirim himself, for which the king advised the chief priest himself would make sure of her madness. At the interrogation, Pitirima Boyajna Morozova also did not want to stand on his legs before the Patriarch provisions in the hands of Streltsov.

In 1674, two sisters of frost and old furnaces, Maria Danilov, hoping to convince them to convince the Yamsk yam torture on the punch. No beliefs helped and they were already going to burn on the fire, but this prevented the sister of King Irina Mikhailovna and outraged boyars.

The decision of the king was: 14 people servants who stayed with the old faith burned alive in Sirubi, Morozovy Feodosia with the sister of Princess Urusova to Borovsk, the Paftyevo-Borovsky Monastery, where they were planted in an earthen prison. From full exhaustion and prison flour sisters of Morozov died with a difference of several months in 1675

There are in large quantities. This is one of the few species female of the Doperer Times, whose name entered the story. After all, then there are noble and rich women who have made by the customs of the housework, most often sat in Terem, like the inhabitants of Eastern harem.

It is known, first of all, the fact that he was a fiery protector of old-supplied traditions, having entered into martial arts with the king himself Alexey Mikhailovich, who conducted church reforms. Today it will be about living in the 17th century by the boyar of Morozova, whose biography we will look at.

Rich and notable

A brief biography of Boyrui Morozova is advisable to start with her origin, which largely determined her further fate, as it was quite high. She was born in 1632 in the family of the procopy of the Sokovnina, Moscow Nobleman, being his eldest daughter. Her name was given in honor of the Holy Martyrs - Feodosia Tirskaya.

Among her distant ancestors - representatives of the genus of the German Knights Meyendorfov. One of them, Baron von Ikskul, arrives from Livonia to John Grozny in 1545, was baptized and took the name of Fedor Ivanovich. He had a son of Vasily on nicknamed "Schokhnoye", which became the twin-bar of the juicer.

Father Feodosia at different times served as a governor in various cities, was a messenger in Crimea, sentenced in the Zemsky Cathedral, headed a stone order. He was a rather wealthy person and had several houses in Moscow. From Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, he received the court office of the Ocolichnoye, belonging to the second twumman, after Boyarsky. In addition to Feodosia, there were still three children in the family, including one sister, Evdokia, who divided her tragic death with her. This will be further told about the biography of Morozova's biography.

Influence of the famous painting

As a rule, when it comes to the biography of Morozova, the photo of Morozova's "Fear of Morozova" Vasily Surikova, describing the scene from the history of the church split in the XVII century, immediately gets up his eyes. She was first shown at the exhibition of Mobile in 1887 and purchased for the Tretyakov Gallery for 25 thousand rubles. And today it is there among the main exhibits.

Thanks to the big popularity of this work of art, the image of the malawic of Morozova is mistakenly seen as an image of an elderly, harsh, fanatical woman. However, it seems that such a concept is explained, rather, an artistic intent.

Not quite a true view?

The canvas depicts a martyr, an sufferer for faith, which addresses the crowd of commoners - to the bench old woman, to the wanderer with a staff in his hand, to the oborudy, - embodying representatives of those layers that fought against the planting of new church rites.

It is this aspect of the biography and fate of Morozova and wanted to emphasize the artist, so it appears in the picture as a woman who lived, wise, deprived of any frivolity. In many ways, thanks to the picture of Feodosia Prokopyevna and remained in the memory of people as a symbol of the struggle of the splitters.

But was it definitely everything really was? Was Morozov harsh and uncompromising fanatic, alien to all earthly, because during his arrest she was not still 40 years old? To find out this, we will return to the consideration of the interesting biography of the booring Morozova.

Family Morozovaya

In 1649, Feodosia Sokovnina, 17 years old, married 54-year-old Boyaroz Morozova Gleb Ivanovich, one of the richest people in the country. His genus was not inferior at the meaningality of the genus of the silent, both of them were the elite of Moscow society. With Tsar, Alexei Mikhaylovic Morozov was one of the 16 most noble names, whose representatives immediately became boyars, bypassing the roundabout rank.

Morozov were approached by the young king of the yard. So, Gleb Morozov, a former Romanov's relative, was a royal sleeping bag and uncle Tsarevich. He was the owner of the estate of Zyuzino's estate and many other estates. His brother, Boris Ivanovich, possessed a huge fortune, died childless, leaving all the wealth of Gleb. As for Feodosia, it was the top haweling, very close to the queen, constantly accompanying it, which has repeatedly used.

Young widow

In the biography of the booring Morozova, few facts relating to her life with her husband. It is known only that for a long time they did not have. But after they appealed to the prayers to St. Sergey Radonezh, he appeared before the Feodosia Prokopyevna, and the Son named Ivan appeared at the pair.

In 1662, Gleb Ivanovich Morozov died, leaving the inheritance of the 12-year-old son, but on the fact he managed by Feodosia's money. In the same year, the father of a 30-year-old woman died. The second time she married did not come out and calmly lived in audience and wealth.

Fabulous wealth

According to Morozova K. Kozinin in the biography of Morozova, her chambers in Moscow were among the first, in the royal court they were respected and loved, Alexey Mikhailovich himself allocated her among other boyars. She wore the title of "Great Power Kravichi" (the tank of the courtyard was responsible for the health of the king, his table and dishes). According to Protopopa Avvakum, Feodosia Morozova was listed in the "fourth boyfriends".

Feodosia Morozova was surrounded by not just wealth, but an unprecedented luxury. Her manor in Zyuzino was equipped in accordance with the best Western samples among the very first in the Russian state. Here a large garden was broken, according to which peacocks were raised.

According to contemporaries, her coach cost tremendous money, being gilded and decorated with silver and mosaic, hardened twelve selected horses with rat chains. At the same time, it was followed by more than a hundred servants, taking care of the honor and health of the Baryni.

The house had about three hundred people who were serviced by boa. The peasant courtyards were about 8 thousand, while the landowners were already considered rich, who had about 300 yards.

Big change

However, it became an even more interesting biography of Morozova Barrup after an unexpected change occurred in her life. Staying in luxury, being in friendly relations with the royal family, Feodosia Prokopyevna, according to Avvakum, decided to renounce "earthly glory." It turned into a fierce opponent of church reforms after met him. Throughout the history of the Old Believers, Avvakum was a sign and very authoritative figure, the leader of the splitters.

The House of Boyari turns into essence, at the headquarters of fighters with innovations, opponents of corrections in the sacred books. She lived for a long time and the Protopopov Avvakum himself, receiving here shelter and protection. Feodosia and her sister Evdokia Urusov, Princess, were very devoted and had heard in all.

In addition, Morozova constantly accepted the priests in his home, which were expelled from monasteries, numerous wanderers, as well as the oborudes. Thus, she created a kind of opposition to the Tsarist Yard and Alexey Mikhailovich, who supported the church reform.

Human weaknesses

However, even after such fundamental changes in the biography of Boyajna Morozov did not turn into a religious fanatic, did not become a "blue stock". She was not alien to human weaknesses and care.

So, the Avvakum Protopop noticed that her character was distinguished by greeliness. When her husband died, Feodosia Prokopyevna was only 30 years old, and in order not to fall into sin, she wore the flesh to kill the flesh.

In his letters, Avwakum, most likely, in a figurative sense, advised her to flick her eyes, so as not to succumb to the love temptation. And he was barely bakingly on the fact that it does not always show generosity in the allocation of funds for the common cause.

Morozova loved her son Ivan very much, who was her only child, and dreamed of conveying his condition in preservation. She was very worried about choosing a decent bride for the heir, about which, in addition to discussing the issues of faith, reported to the Obligar Protopope in letters.

Thus, despite the power of the character, which helped her in its robotics, Morozova had quite everyday weaknesses and problems.

Temptation

Alexey Mikhailovich, being supporters of church reforms, repeatedly made attempts to influence the rebellious lady through her relatives and the nearest environment. At the same time, he chose the estate from her, he returned them, and Morozova periodically walked for concessions.

In the biography of Bohruny Darya Morozova there is still such an interesting fact. According to the available historical records, he was subsected by the Solnichy Rtishchev, who persuaded it to cross in three fingers, for which the king promised her to return the "Hals and Votchin."

The boyfriend succumbed to temptation and crossed himself, and she was returned selected. But at the same time she allegedly immediately fell ill, she was not in his mind three days and very weakened. In the life of the Avvakum Protopopa, it is said that Morozova recovered when he crossed his true, a bobbed cross. The return of the same Votchin is often explained by the patronage of the queen.

Mystery post

Because of taking the most decisive actions, the king held two factors: the patronage of the queen and the high position of the coaguration of the old faith. Under his pressure, Morozova had to be present at the worship services carried out on a new rite. Her supporters considered it as a "small hypocrisy", which is forced step.

But after the boyfriend adopted in 1670, the secretly towering in the nun, taking the church name of Theodore, she stopped participating in church, and in secular events.

In January 1671, a new wedding was held several years ago, the king with Natalia Naryshina, from whom Morozov refused to be a pretext of the disease. This act caused an anger of the autocratic person.

A little cooled, Alexey Mikhailovich sent to the evil at first Boyarov Troceryov, and then Prince Urusov (her sister's husband), who tried to persuade her for the adoption of church reform. However, Morozova did not change his "standing for faith" and in both cases expressed a decisive refusal.

Arrest and cum

In November 1671, Morozova and her sister were interrogated, after which they were caught in the shackles and left at home, under arrest, and then transported to the monastery miracles. Interrogations were continued here, after which the sisters were sent to the foundation of the Pskovo-Pechersk Monastery.

Shortly after arrest, misfortune happened, as the biography of Morozova, with the son of Bohruy. He died a little more than 20 years old. The property of the boyars confiscated, and her brothers were sent to the link.

Alexey Mikhailovich gave an order about the expulsion of the sisters to the city of Borovsk, where they were placed in an earthen prison in the local prison. The 14 people who served him in June 1675 burned, locked them in Srub. In September 1675, Evdokia Urusova died from the famine of the princess.

The boyfriend, Morozova, also died from full exhaustion. The last minutes of slave were full of drama. Before death, unfortunate women asked to give them at least a crust of bread, but in vain.

There are information according to which Feodosia Morozova, feeling close to death, asked the jailer to rinse her shirt in the river to take death in a decent form. She died in November 1675, having survived his sister for a while. In the place where sisters were allegedly concluded, as well as other Old Believers, a chapel was erected.

• Russian kingdom

Feodosia Prokofievna Morozova (in Maiden Sokovninain monocure Feodora; 21 (31) May - 2 (12) November, Borovsk) - the Supreme Palace Boyfriend, the Russian Old Believers, the Support of the Avvakum Protopopa. For commitment to the "old faith" as a result of the conflict with the king, Alexei Mikhailovich was arrested, deprived of the estate, and then exiled to the Paftyevo-Borovsky monastery and sharpened to the monastery prison in which he died from hunger. Released by the Old Believer Church as Holy.

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✪ Fear of Morozova. Split (2011)

✪ Boar Morozova

✪ V.I. Surikov. Fear of Morozov

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Biography

Old Believers

The boyfriend Morozova was an opponent of the reform of Patriarch Nikon, closely communicated with the apologist for old-believe - Protopopov Avvakum. Theodosia Morozova was engaged in charity, she took in his house of wanderers, beggars and obodients. Left at the thirty widow, she "packed the flesh", wearing a Vlasanita. However, Avvakum joined the young widow that she insufficiently "humbles" his flesh and wrote to her. " Stupid, insane, ugly sticking glazing those their shuttle as marshy"(Calling by the example of Rev. Mastria, to get rid of love temptations, whipping her eyes). Morozov's home prayers made "in the ancient rites", and its Moscow House served as a shelter for the abyss of the Old Believers. But the support of the old estate, judging by Avvakum's letters, was insufficient: " Almighty from you expires, Yako from the puchin, a small small drop, and that with the reservation».

By order, Alexei Mikhailovich, she herself and her sister, Princess Urusov, were sent to Borovsk, where they were sharpened in an earthen prison in the Borovsky urban acute, and 14 of their servants for belonging to the old faith at the end of June 1675 burned in Srub. Evdokia Urusova died 11 (21) September 1675 from full exhaustion. Feodosia Morozova was also downtowed with hunger and, asking his jailer before the death of his jailer, wash his shirt in the river to die in a clean shirt, died 2 (12) November 1675.

At the site of the alleged conclusion of the Feodosia of the Morozova and other Old Believers, a chapel was built. Attempts to do this were taken at the beginning of the 20th century, before the revolution, but the construction permits were not given.

Place of burial

In 1998, the city administration allocated a plot for the construction of the chapel and, after selecting a suitable project, it was built in 2002-2005. The tombstone returned to the museum was placed in the underground part of the chapel.

In culture and art

Picture of Surikova

Picture Litovchenko The image of the fear of Feodosia Morozova is embodied in the picture of the Russian historical and religious painter, academician of the Imperial Academy of Arts, the participant of the Bunta of Fourteen, one of the founders of the St. Petersburg Artists, a member of the partnership of mobile art exhibitions Alexander Dmitrievich Lithuanco. His picture of Boyajna Morozov was written in 1885 and is located in the Novgorod State Unified Museum-Reserve.

Opera Shchedrin TV series "split" (2011).

In the role of the boyar of the Morozova actress Julia Melnikova.