After a combination "including" comma needed or not?

In Russian, the rules are sometimes so flexible that they are difficult to remember. For example, after the phrase "including" a comma need or not? Speaking briefly, there are different options. Somewhere it is needed, and somewhere not.

What is this phrase

According to dictionaries, the phrase "including" is a composite (consisting of several words) composite (associates homogeneous members of the proposal and part of a complex proposal) Union. Refers to the attachment. That is, it brings some additional information to offer, it joins it to the already existing.

The alliances themselves are not allocated by commas, this is not impoverished words. It's all about the information they bring. Usually it is some additional information to tell about something.

This information is called connecting, member of the sentence. As soon as he formed, the Union became subassemble and is being considered now with all the turn. If he stands in the middle or at the end of the sentence, it is allocated (in the middle) or separated (at the end) commas. Less often apply a dash.

Is it necessary after "including" comma: a rule

In the "Academic Directory", paragraph 84, read: "... Affiliate members of the sentence ... stand out by commas." Here often make such a mistake: understanding this phrase as an independent attachment, they put two commas from both sides. Thus, "including" is allocated by commas as an infinitive member of the sentence, being in fact the union.

The error is that the second comma after this union is too early. It should be set after the information attached. The union does the announcement of: now there will be information. Follow these information. And after them you need a comma.

Examples of proper and improper writing

When you need a comma after "including", and when not?

An example of proper writing:

, including.

An example of incorrect writing:

includingabout connecting turns.

Italic was allocated a member of the sentence, which with the help of this union complements the above earlier. It should not be divided by a comma. It should only be highlighted, separating from the previous text. And here the comma is needed.

When the comma puts after turnover

Sometimes after turnover, the comma is also put. This happens when the offer on it does not end and the idea of \u200b\u200bhis first part continues. Then in the turn, starting with the words "including", the comma emits it from both sides, and the turnover is the comma. Example:

In this text, a lot of boring information, including About connecting turnsAnd to understand this is only an academician.

Here, if you throw the turnover, the commas are not needed. The Union "and" will exclude them. But it happens that even if you throw the turnover, the commas are needed. This is required if the thought is explained from the first or second part. Example:

In this text, a lot of boring information, including About connecting turns, to understand that only academician.

An idea of \u200b\u200bthe first part of the sentence is explained.

In this text, a lot of boring information, including About connecting turns

An idea of \u200b\u200bthe second part of the sentence is explained.

It is important to understand that these examples are not related to the state of writing only the Union. They are given in order to show the highlight of turnover with this union. They will also stand out with another union. Example:

In this text, a lot of boring information , namely about the connecting turns, understand that only academician.

Knowing alliances, easy to understand where to put commas.

When the comma does not put

There are cases when they write "including" without commas. Example:

Previously, we ranked the room one hundred, and now - the number one hundred and thirty seven. It is a pity that we moved, I liked including Easy memorization.

Everything is clear here. It can be seen from the context that we are talkative. The meaning of the phrase is different. And the rules are others. This is no longer an union, but a noun "number" in the proposed case. But the example is more comprehensive:

Because of the unrepected parking lot, the field processing has decreased. As we see, fluctuations in the amount of gross product occur including And because of the elimination of the auto repair enterprise.

Neither before nor after including"The comma does not put. Here is also important context. If you throw a union, the meaning of what has been said slightly. That is, it is indicated by the only reason for the fluctuations of the amount of gross product - the elimination of the auto repair enterprise. Because of the standing phrase, it is clear that this reason is not the only one. You can paraphrase it so that the attachment is visible:

For fluctuations in the amount of gross product, certain reasons are influenced including elimination of the auto repair enterprise.

The word "reasons" is complemented by turnover (allocated in italics).

In common speech it may look like this:

It happened including and for your fault.
It happened And in your fault, including.

Classic option:

In what happened, many are to blame including and you.

Here the word "many" is complemented by turnover. It is meant, but not in the previous embodiment. We have an example of the movement of the language. So the majority began to say, these designs (with a missing explanable word) are pronounced by radio, they fly from politicians. Many proposals previously considered invalid structures due to the lack of a generalizing word, now - the norm.

When an erroneous proposal is made

It happens that the proposal itself containing this union is improperly. The rules enshrined that the connecting structure should relate to a specific word. If it is not - there is nothing to attach.

At the meeting of graduates, we remembered including and twins Petrov.

Here is a completely extra union "including", the comma in front of him speaks of an attached turn. But here's just the words you need to supplement, no. Sounds illiterately. You can paraphrase like this:

The meeting of graduates remembered many classmates, including and twins Petrov.

Why do you need to know

To understand where to put a comma, you have not only to schoolchildren, but also adults. Imagine this situation: the graduate wrote a resume and sent to the company where a specialist of his level is required. He was sure that he would take it.

While the competitors sitting in the queue for an interview were worried, he calmly presented himself at a new job place. What was his surprise when the representative of the employer pointed out his summary as the reason for the refusal!

It turned out that, seeking to imagine himself from the best side, the applicant wrote such a phrase:

I happened to develop software products for large companies, thereinnumber, for "A" and "B" And I have a testimony about the successful introduction of one of them.

After the Union "including" the comma stands, but it should stand after turnover (allocated in italics), and not break it. Apparently, the young man was afraid to put a comma in front of "and". In vain.

This is how competent in your field the specialist can overnight become a loser.

Is it worth replacing this phrase

It should be noted that such revs can be attached without unions. For example:

In this text, a lot of boring information .
In this text, a lot of boring information About connecting turns.

In the second case, the union will throw out, but the meaning of this has changed a little. Now from the sentence it follows that boring information contains connecting turns. In the first sentence, this is not the only reason, it is also implied.

Some seek to replace uncomfortable words, write simple sentences to avoid mistakes. Thus, the language is shifted, speech turns. Words are leaving exactly the thoughts. Ultimately, this leads to the dinner of the vocabulary and the inability to explain or prove.

Having understood with alliances, it will be easy to go through literacy test, and colleagues will call only a smile. The best way to increase literacy is reading fiction. She is rich in expressive means, it can be found in it all the techniques necessary for writing texts.

The main thing is not to lower your hands, and everything will turn out!