Presentation "Navy". Presentation on the topic "history of the navy" Presentation on the topic warships
The Navy is the main part of the state's naval forces. Depending on its composition, a country can be divided into surface and submarine fleets. Depending on its size, it can also be called a flotilla. In Russia and some other states with a long naval history, the navy is called the naval forces in general.
(20) On October 30, 1696, the Boyar Duma, at the insistence of Peter I, decided to create a regular Russian Navy: “There will be sea-going vessels.” This day is considered to be the founding day of the Russian Navy. October 30 July 28 - Navy Day July 7 - Sea and River Fleet Workers' Day
Story. Historically, the sailing and rowing fleet was the first. The Battle of Salamis during the Greco-Persian Wars is considered one of the first naval battles. The main tactics of the fleets were to board, set fire to, or ram enemy ships. With the advent of sailing ships (caravels) armed with cannons, linear tactics of naval battles appeared.
After the Crimean War, the advantage of steam ships became obvious and the sailing fleet gradually sank into oblivion. The first successful attempts to book ships date back to the same time. The next significant stage in the development of fleets around the world was the American Civil War. This war proved all the advantages of an armored fleet over a wooden one. During the Russo-Japanese War, the role of boats and minefields increased. The year 1906 was a landmark year, when the first battleship, the famous Dreadnought, was created. In the First World War, submarines gained recognition, in the Second World War, aircraft-carrying ships, and in the post-war period, ships (both surface and submarines) with guided missile weapons and nuclear power plants.
The first Russian ship. "Eagle" () the first Russian sailing ship of the Western European type, is a type of Dutch pinnace. Built by order of Alexei Mikhailovich in the village of Dedinovo, Kolomensky district. Intended to protect Russian merchant ships on the Caspian Sea.
The first Russian submarine. “The Hidden Ship” is the first Russian submarine, built in 1721 under Peter I by Efim Nikonov. Its tests took place in the presence of Emperor Peter Alekseevich on Lake Razliv, which is very close to St. Petersburg. In those places, the city of Sestroretsk was growing, thanks to the construction of an arms factory.
Tasks of the navy: fight against enemy naval forces; disruption of enemy sea communications; protection of their maritime communications; defense of one's coast from the sea; striking and ensuring invasion of enemy territory from the sea.
Surface forces. Surface ships, a branch of the navy. In organizational and staffing terms, they are part of formations and formations of ships (flotilla, squadron, division, brigade, etc.). In the Navy, surface combat ships are divided into the following classes: missile ships (missile cruiser, missile boat, etc.), anti-submarine ships (anti-submarine cruiser, patrol ship, etc.), artillery and torpedo ships (cruiser, destroyer, artillery boat, etc. .), mine-anti-mine ships (sea minesweeper, etc.), landing ships, etc.
Submarine forces. The submarine force is a branch of the Navy's forces that includes nuclear-powered strategic missile submarines, nuclear-powered attack submarines, and diesel-electric (non-nuclear) submarines. The main tasks of submarine forces are: defeating important enemy ground targets; search and destruction of submarines, aircraft carriers and other surface ships of the enemy, his landing forces, convoys, reconnaissance, destruction of offshore oil and gas complexes, landing of special-purpose reconnaissance groups on the enemy’s coast; setting min.
Naval aviation Naval aviation is a branch of the Navy forces designed to search for and destroy the combat forces of the enemy fleet, landing detachments, convoys and single ships (vessels) at sea and at bases; covering groupings of ships and naval facilities from enemy air strikes; destruction of airplanes, helicopters and cruise missiles; conducting aerial reconnaissance. Naval aviation is based at airfields and aircraft carriers. Based on location, it is divided into carrier-based aviation and shore-based aviation.
Coastal troops. Coastal troops (BC) are a branch of the naval forces designed to cover the forces of fleets, troops, the population and objects on the sea coast from the influence of enemy surface ships; defense of naval bases and other important fleet facilities from land, including from sea and airborne assaults; landings and actions in sea, air and sea landings; assisting ground forces in anti-landing defense; destruction of surface ships, boats and landing vehicles within the reach of weapons. Coastal troops include 2 types of troops: coastal missile and artillery troops and marine infantry.
Coastal missile and artillery troops. Coastal Missile and Artillery Forces (BRAV) are a branch of the coastal forces of the Navy. They include missile units equipped with ground-based stationary and mobile missile systems, as well as coastal artillery units. Designed to destroy enemy surface ships, landing detachments and convoys, cover bases, coastal fleet facilities, coastal sea communications and troop groups operating in coastal areas. In addition, they can be used to destroy enemy bases and ports. In October 1989, BRAV, along with the Marine Corps and coastal defense troops, became part of the newly created branch of the Navy's coastal forces.
Marines. The Marine Corps (MC) is a branch of the coastal forces of the Navy, designed and specially trained for combat operations in amphibious assaults, as well as for the defense of naval bases, important sections of the coast and coastal facilities. Marines in landing operations can act independently with the aim of capturing enemy naval bases, ports, islands, and individual sections of the enemy’s coastline. In cases where the main landing force consists of units of ground forces, the marines are landed in the forward detachments to capture points and areas on the coast and ensure the landing of the main landing forces on them. MP armament: amphibious military equipment, portable anti-tank and anti-aircraft systems and automatic small arms.
Northern Fleet. The Red Banner Northern Fleet (SF) is an operational-strategic formation of the Navy, the “youngest” of all Russian military fleets. Formed on June 1, 1933 as the Northern Military Flotilla. On May 11, 1937, the flotilla was transformed into the Northern Fleet. The main location of the ZATO Severomorsk. The basis of the modern Northern Fleet is made up of nuclear missile and torpedo submarines, missile-carrying and anti-submarine aircraft, missile, aircraft-carrying and anti-submarine ships.
Pacific Marine Fleet. The Red Banner Pacific Fleet (PF) is an operational-strategic association of the Russian Navy (RF Navy). The Russian Pacific Fleet, as an integral part of the Navy and the Russian Armed Forces as a whole, is a means of ensuring Russia's military security in the Asia-Pacific region. To carry out its tasks, the Pacific Fleet includes strategic missile submarines, multi-purpose nuclear and diesel submarines, surface ships for operations in the ocean and near sea zones, naval missile-carrying, anti-submarine and fighter aircraft, ground forces, units of ground and coastal forces
Baltic Fleet. The Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet is a multi-service operational-strategic territorial association of the Russian Navy in the Baltic Sea, which includes naval forces, naval aviation, aerospace and air defense assets and coastal troops. Location: Baltiysk, Kronstadt. Year of creation: 1703.
Black Sea Fleet. The Black Sea Fleet (BSF) is the operational and strategic association of the Russian Navy in the Black Sea. The Black Sea Fleet was founded in 1783 after the annexation of Crimea to Russia. Its first base was Akhtiarskaya Bay, located on the southwestern coast of the Crimean Peninsula. The city of Sevastopol was founded here.
Caspian flotilla. The Red Banner Caspian Flotilla is a naval flotilla, an operational formation of the Russian Navy. It is based in Astrakhan and has an area of responsibility in the Caspian Sea region. It is the most powerful maritime association in the Caspian region.
The first permanent grouping of forces - the Azov Fleet - was formed from ships and vessels built in the winter of 1695–1696. and was intended to assist the army in the campaign to capture the Turkish fortress of Azov. On October 30, 1696, the boyar duma, on the proposal of Tsar Peter I, adopted a resolution “ Sea vessels should be... ", which became the first law on the fleet and recognition as the official date of its foundation.
Peter I the Great (Peter Alekseevich) is the last Tsar of All Rus' from the Romanov dynasty (since 1682) and the first All-Russian Emperor (since 1721).
During the Northern War of 1700–1721. the main tasks of the fleet were determined, the list of which remains virtually unchanged to this day.
Missions of the Navy:
- fight against enemy naval forces;
- struggle on sea communications;
- defense of one's coast from the sea;
- assistance to the army in coastal areas;
- striking and invading enemy territory from the sea .
Before the First World War, the main tasks were carried out by surface ships, and they were the main branch of the fleet. During the Second World War, this role for some time passed to naval aviation, and in the post-war period, with the advent of nuclear missile weapons and ships with nuclear power plants, submarines established themselves as the main type of force.
The flagship of the Black Sea Fleet, the battleship "Eustathius" on the roadstead of Sevastopol, 1914
In the Baltic, the fleet existed continuously since May 18, 1703, the Caspian flotilla - from November 15, 1722, and the fleet on the Black Sea - from May 13, 1783. In the North and the Pacific Ocean, groupings of fleet forces were created, as a rule, on a temporary basis or, without receiving significant development, were periodically abolished. The current Pacific and Northern fleets have existed as permanent groupings since April 21, 1932 and
Commander-in-Chief
Navy
Armed Forces
Russian Federation
Chirkov Viktor Viktorovich
Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Admiral
Admiralty, St. Petersburg
Navy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Surface forces
Submarine forces
Naval aviation
Coastal troops:
- Marines
Surface forces are the main ones for ensuring the exit and deployment of submarines to combat areas and returning to bases, transporting and covering landing forces. They are assigned the main role in laying minefields, combating mine danger and protecting their communications.
Submarine forces - a branch of the Navy, including nuclear-powered strategic missile submarines, nuclear attack submarines and diesel-electric (non-nuclear) submarines.
Naval aviation - a branch of the Navy forces designed to search and destroy the combat forces of the enemy fleet, landing detachments, convoys and single ships (vessels) at sea and at bases; covering groupings of ships and naval facilities from enemy air strikes; destruction of airplanes, helicopters and cruise missiles; conducting aerial reconnaissance; targeting enemy naval forces with their strike forces and issuing target designations to them.
Coastal troops - a branch of the forces of the Navy, designed to cover the forces of fleets, troops, population and objects on the sea coast from the influence of enemy surface ships; defense of naval bases and other important fleet facilities from land, including from sea and airborne assaults; landings and actions in sea, air and sea landings; assistance to ground forces in anti-landing defense of amphibious assault areas of the sea coast; destruction of surface ships, boats and landing vehicles within the reach of weapons
Coastal Missile and Artillery Troops - branch of the coastal troops of the Navy. They include missile units equipped with ground-based stationary and mobile missile systems, as well as coastal artillery units.
Marines - a branch of the coastal forces of the Navy, designed and specially trained for combat operations in amphibious assaults, as well as for the defense of naval bases, important sections of the coast and coastal facilities.
The marine corps appeared in Russia in 1705, when during the Northern War of 1700-1721. An armed struggle broke out in the coastal and island regions.
Multi-purpose diesel-electric submarine
Submarines of project 636 "Varshavyanka"(according to NATO codification - Improved Kilo) - a type of multi-purpose diesel submarines.
6 boats will be built before 2018
Travel range:
economical speed 3 knots - 400 miles
in RDP mode at a speed of 7 knots - 7500 miles
Multi-purpose diesel-electric submarine
The project boats received an automated weapon system. The armament included 6 torpedo tubes of 533 mm caliber, up to 18 torpedoes or 24 mines. In Soviet times, ships were equipped with the Strela-3 defensive air defense system, which could be used on the surface.
Project 877 boats are the quietest Russian submarines, which is explained by the absence of both noisy turbo-gear units and powerful pumps characteristic of nuclear submarines, and very noisy surface diesel engines. Reducing the noise of the units is complemented by a precise streamlined shape and hydroacoustic coating of the body. In the West, “Varshavyanka” received the respectful nickname “Black Hole” for its high secrecy. Boat noise at 2-5 knots 80-90 dB per 1 Pa at a distance of 1 m
Multipurpose Nuclear Torpedo Submarine with Cruise Missiles
Project 971 Shchuka-B submarines(NATO designation - "Shark") - a series of third-generation multipurpose nuclear submarines, designed according to the same technical specifications as the titanium boats of Project 945 Barracuda, but with a steel hull.
"Shchuka-B" is armed with a torpedo-missile system, including 4 torpedo tubes of 650 mm caliber and 4 torpedo tubes of 533 mm caliber, ammunition is 40 units, including 12 650 mm caliber and 28 533 mm caliber.
Heavy strategic missile submarines
The main armament is the D-19 missile system with 20 three-stage solid-fuel ballistic missiles
Heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser
"Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov"
According to the project
50 airplanes and helicopters: 26 × MiG-29K or Su-27K 4 × Ka-27RLD 18 × Ka-27 or Ka-29 2 × Ka-27PS Actually: 14 × Su-33 2 × Su-25UTG 10 × MiG-29K 4 × MiG-29KUB
Heavy nuclear missile cruiser "Peter the Great"
It is the flagship of the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy.
The main purpose is to destroy enemy aircraft carrier groups.
Guards missile cruiser
"Moscow"
From September to November 2013, the Moskva GRKR carried out tasks as the flagship of the permanent operational formation of the Russian Navy in the Mediterranean Sea
Flagship of the Black Sea Fleet. From August 9 to 12, 2008, the cruiser took part in an armed conflict with Georgia in the waters of Abkhazia
Anti-submarine aircraft A-40 "Albatross"
Designed to combat enemy submarines in the near sea zone.
Specifications
Crew, people
Weight, kg:
Maximum takeoff
Combat load (max./min.)
Flight range with normal combat load, km
Required length of concrete runway, m
Seaworthiness (wind wave height - no more), points
Long-range anti-submarine aircraft
Tu-142M
Designed to search, track and destroy submarines in remote areas of the ocean (sea).
Specifications
Crew, people
Weight, kg:
Maximum takeoff
Maximum flight speed, km/h
Combat load (maximum/normal)
Maximum flight range, km
Flight duration, h
Combat radius, km
Cruising flight speed, m
Run length, m
Carrier fighter
Designed to destroy enemy air attack weapons independently and in cooperation with other forces and means of the ship's aircraft carrier formation when solving air and missile defense tasks.
Specifications
Crew, people
Maximum take-off weight, kg:
Maximum flight speed, km/h:
From the deck
Practical ceiling, m
Flight range, km
On high
Landing speed, km/h
Long-range missile carrier-bomber
Tu-22M3
Designed to engage sea and ground targets with supersonic guided missiles day and night, in any weather conditions.
Specifications
Wingspan, m
Aircraft length, m
Aircraft height, m
Service ceiling, km
Maximum speed, km/h
Crew, people
Flight range, km
23-mm gun GSh-23
3 air-to-ground missiles
Shipborne transport and combat helicopter
Designed for landing from ships and vessels of marine units with weapons, fire support for amphibious assault, transfer of personnel, cargo from floating bases and supply vessels to warships and naval vessels.
Specifications
Crew, people
Weight, kg:
Flight speed, km/h:
takeoff, maximum/normal
combat load
Practical range with 16 paratroopers (1,800 kg), km
maximum
Static ceiling, m
cruising
Dimensions of the helicopter when folded, m:
Coastal missile system "Bal-E"
Designed to protect and impart combat stability to coastal zone facilities.
Specifications
Number of missiles in a salvo
Missile launch interval, s
no more than 3
Coastal anti-ship operational-tactical missile system "Redut"
Designed to destroy large and medium-sized surface ships, transports and landing vehicles.
Specifications
Weight of launcher with missile, t
Rocket launch mass, kg
Maximum firing range, km
Main rocket flight altitude, m
Main flight speed, Mach number
Maximum speed of PU movement, km/h
Cruising range, km
Combat crew, people
Coastal self-propelled artillery complex
"Shore"
Designed to destroy surface ships, transports and boats, as well as ground targets.
Specifications
Range, km:
Rate of fire, rds/min.
Target detection, over
Effective shooting
Number of simultaneously hit targets
Maximum speed on the highway, km/h
Fuel range, km
- underwater,
- surface,
- naval aviation,
- Marine Corps
- and coastal defense troops.
- The Russian Navy, abbreviated as the Russian Navy, is a branch of the Russian armed forces. The modern Russian Navy traces its origins to the Navy of the USSR, and that, in turn, from the Russian Navy, created on the proposal of Peter I by the verdict of the Boyar Duma of October 30 (new style) 1696: “205th , October, on the 20th day, it was sentenced: There will be sea vessels, and how many, to inquire about the number of peasant households, for clergy and for people of all ranks, to write out and report on that, without keeping silent.” This meant that all major owners were obliged to build ships.
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Navy structure:
- Submarine forces are the strike force of the fleet, capable of controlling the expanses of the World Ocean, secretly and quickly deploying in the right directions, and delivering unexpected powerful strikes from the depths of the ocean against sea and continental targets.
- Surface ships are the main forces for ensuring the exit and deployment of submarines to combat areas and returning to bases, transporting and covering landing forces. They are assigned the main role in laying minefields, combating mine danger and protecting their communications.
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- Strategic and tactical aviation is designed to combat groups of surface ships in the ocean, submarines and transports, as well as to carry out bombing and missile attacks on enemy coastal targets.
- Carrier-based aviation is the main striking force of the Navy's aircraft carrier formations. Its main combat missions in armed warfare at sea are the destruction of enemy aircraft in the air, launch positions of anti-aircraft guided missiles and other enemy air defense systems, conducting tactical reconnaissance, etc.
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- The Marine Corps is a branch of the Navy, designed to conduct combat operations as part of amphibious assault forces (independently or jointly with the Ground Forces), as well as for the defense of the coast (naval bases, ports).
- Coastal defense troops, as a branch of the naval forces, are designed to protect naval force bases, ports, important sections of the coast, islands, straits and narrows from attacks by enemy ships and amphibious assault forces.
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Missions of the Navy
- Fight against enemy naval forces.
- Violation of enemy sea communications.
- Protecting your maritime communications.
- Defense of your coast from the sea direction.
- Delivering strikes and ensuring the invasion of enemy territory from the sea.
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Commanders-in-Chief of the Russian Navy
- 1992-1997 - F. N. Gromov - admiral (until 1996), admiral of the fleet,
- 1997-2005 - V.I. Kuroyedov - admiral (until 2000), admiral of the fleet,
- 2005-2007 - V.V. Masorin - admiral (until 2006), admiral of the fleet,
- since 2007 - V. S. Vysotsky - admiral.
Chiefs of the Main Staff of the Russian Navy
- 1992-1996 - V. E. Selivanov - admiral,
- 1996-1997 - I. N. Khmelnov - admiral,
- 1997 - V.I. Kuroyedov - admiral,
- 1998-2005 - V. A. Kravchenko - admiral,
- 2005 - V.V. Masorin - admiral,
- since 2005 - M. L. Abramov - admiral.
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Slide captions:
Russian Navy
The Navy (VMF) is a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (RF Armed Forces). It is intended for the armed protection of Russian interests and for conducting combat operations in the sea and ocean theaters of war. The Navy is capable of delivering nuclear strikes on enemy ground targets, destroying enemy fleet groups at sea and bases, disrupting the enemy’s ocean and sea communications and protecting its maritime transportation, assisting the Ground Forces in operations in continental theaters of war, landing amphibious assault forces, and participating in repelling landing forces. enemy and perform other tasks.
The tasks of the Russian Navy are to deter the use of military force or the threat of its use against the Russian Federation; protection by military methods of the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, extending beyond its land territory to internal sea waters and the territorial sea, sovereign rights in the exclusive economic zone and on the continental shelf, as well as freedom of the high seas; creation and maintenance of conditions to ensure the safety of the maritime economic activities of the Russian Federation in the World Ocean; ensuring the naval presence of the Russian Federation in the World Ocean, demonstration of the flag and military force, visits of ships and vessels of the Navy; ensuring participation in military, peacekeeping and humanitarian actions carried out by the world community that meet the interests of the Russian Federation.
The Navy consists of: Surface forces Submarine forces Naval aviation Coastal forces: 1. Coastal missile and artillery forces 2. Marine infantry
Surface forces of the Navy Surface ships are the main forces for ensuring the exit and deployment of submarines to combat areas and returning to bases, transporting and covering landing forces. They are assigned the main role in laying minefields, combating mine danger and protecting their communications.
The traditional task of surface ships is to strike enemy targets on its territory and cover their coast from the sea from enemy naval forces. Thus, surface ships are entrusted with a complex of responsible combat missions. They solve these problems in groups, formations, associations, both independently and in cooperation with other branches of the naval forces (submarines, aviation, marines).
Submarine Forces of the Navy Submarine forces are a branch of the Navy's forces that include nuclear-powered strategic missile submarines, nuclear-powered attack submarines, and diesel-electric (non-nuclear) submarines.
The main tasks of submarine forces are: defeating important enemy ground targets; search and destruction of enemy submarines, aircraft carriers and other surface ships, its landing forces, convoys, single transports (ships) at sea;
reconnaissance, ensuring the guidance of their strike forces and issuing target designations to them; destruction of offshore oil and gas complexes, landing of special-purpose reconnaissance groups (detachments) on the enemy coast; laying mines and others.
Organizationally, submarine forces consist of separate formations that are subordinate to the commanders of submarine formations and the commanders of formations of heterogeneous fleet forces.
The main striking force of the Navy is nuclear submarines armed with ballistic and cruise missiles with nuclear warheads. These ships are constantly in various areas of the World Ocean, ready for the immediate use of their strategic weapons.
Naval aviation Naval aviation is a branch of the Navy forces designed to search for and destroy the combat forces of the enemy fleet, landing detachments, convoys and single ships (vessels) at sea and at bases; covering groupings of ships and naval facilities from enemy air strikes; destruction of airplanes, helicopters and cruise missiles; conducting aerial reconnaissance; targeting enemy naval forces with their strike forces and issuing target designations to them.
The basis of naval aviation consists of aircraft (helicopters) for various purposes. Performs assigned tasks independently and in cooperation with other branches of the fleet, as well as with formations (units) of other branches of the Armed Forces.
Consists of strategic, tactical, deck and coastal. Strategic and tactical aviation is designed to combat groups of surface ships in the ocean, submarines and transports, as well as to carry out bombing and missile attacks on enemy coastal targets.
Carrier-based aviation is the main striking force of the Navy's aircraft carrier formations. Naval aviation helicopters are an effective means of targeting a ship's missile weapons when destroying submarines and repelling attacks from low-flying enemy aircraft and anti-ship missiles.
Coastal Troops Coastal Troops (BC) are a branch of the Navy, designed to cover the forces of fleets, troops, the population and objects on the sea coast from the influence of enemy surface ships; defense of naval bases and other important fleet facilities from land, including from sea and airborne assaults; landings and actions in sea, air and sea landings; assistance to ground forces in anti-landing defense of amphibious assault areas of the sea coast; destruction of surface ships, boats and landing vehicles within the reach of weapons.
Coastal troops include 2 types of troops: coastal missile and artillery troops and marine infantry. Each branch of the military solves certain target tasks independently and in cooperation with other branches of the military forces and naval forces, as well as with formations and units of other branches of the Armed Forces and branches of the military. The main organizational units of the military units are brigades and battalions (divisions). BVs are equipped primarily with weapons and equipment of the combined arms type. They are armed with coastal missile systems (CBM) of anti-ship guided missiles, stationary and mobile artillery installations designed to destroy sea and ground targets, special (marine) reconnaissance equipment, etc.
Coastal Missile and Artillery Troops Coastal Missile and Artillery Troops (BRAV) are a branch of the coastal forces of the Navy. They include missile units equipped with ground-based stationary and mobile missile systems, as well as coastal artillery units. .
Designed to destroy enemy surface ships, landing detachments and convoys, cover bases, coastal fleet facilities, coastal sea communications and troop groups operating in coastal areas. In addition, they can be used to destroy enemy bases and ports
Marine Corps The Marine Corps (MC) is a branch of the coastal forces of the Navy, designed and specially trained to conduct combat operations in amphibious assaults, as well as for the defense of naval bases, important sections of the coast and coastal facilities.
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The Navy is a powerful factor in the country's defense capability. It is divided into strategic nuclear forces and general purpose forces. Strategic nuclear forces have great nuclear missile power, high mobility and the ability to operate for a long time in various areas of the World Ocean.
The Navy consists of the following branches of the force:
It also includes ships and vessels, special purpose units, and logistics units.
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