Constructions and types of bridges. Constructions and types of bridges The most important bridge in the world

Graduate graduate Marha, permanent participant of workshops and educational programs. In his graduation work, Jeanne examined bridges through Moscow River, as well as the process of interaction between two professions - architect and engineer. According to her, Moscow is one of the most intensively developing capitals of the world - new pedestrian and transport arteries are needed, which would be combined by parts of the city and coped with its workload. We talked with Zhanna about the peculiarities of the landscape of the capital and how new architectural solutions could be useful in the city.

- Tell me about the topic of your graduation work and about its relevance (in particular, about the collaboration of the engineer and the architect in the design of bridges across the river).

Bridges in Moscow arose practically with the birth of the city. Features of the geography of the capital - hilly relief and many rivers - led to the need to guide bridges. Historically, when moving to the other side, the city was part of the new phase of territorial and economic development. Today, Moscow occupies a leading position among the most actively developing megacities (according to the rating of Pricewaterhouse Coopers). In 2014, a competition was held for the reorganization of the Embankments of the Moscow River. One of the important aspects of the new strategy was to strengthen ties across the river and the construction of new bridges. The bridge is a complex engineering structure, but it, like the building, is a means of a spatial organization of the environment. Automobile and pedestrian bridges projected in world practices changed through the use of more advanced designs, materials and a new functional organization. Excellent and accommodation in the structure of the city. The task of my diploma was to study the historical and modern types of bridges, to understand which changes occurred, and offer their new architectural solutions for Moscow. I really wanted to show how important the process of interaction between the two professions - architect and engineer.

- Creative componentvs. Practical rationality.

For architect, the image of the "bridge" is not so much in the designs, it is more used as a plot, as part of the form of the object. So, for example, the philosophical concept of M. Heidegger is interesting: "The bridge is" easy and powerful "above the river ... It does not just connect the existing shores. Actually, the bridge transition and exposes the first coast for the first time. Thanks to the bridge, they are lying against each other. ... The bridge - initially and essentially just a bridge, and in addition to this, and on a special occasion, he, as it should be thought, can express anything else " (Hai.̆ degger M., Kachchanari m. ,: Two families for habitat. Sitar S. Editor of the section "Theory" // Magazine Pi.20).

The content of the artistic image of the bridge is revealed in specific architectural forms. The language of these forms, aesthetic expressiveness depends on the properties of the used building materials and structures. The architect is intuitively responsible for the tectonic truthfulness, the "game of forces" in structures, uses rhythm, scale, texture and color, nuance and contrast receptions, connection with the context and thereby causes certain emotions and semantic associations.

The engineer has a completely different type of thinking. Severe rationality is important for him. The engineer has a utilitarian bridge form and is disclosed in accurately according to the nature of the current loads and on the basis of technical and economic indicators.

In his graduate project, I managed to find a compromise between the creative component and practical rationality. For myself, I highlight two types of designers - those that deny any ideas that go beyond the framework of the standard, and those that say no, it is impossible, damn, but I will try to come up with something! ". I was very lucky, I worked in a pair with a young engineer from St. Petersburg by Alena Ivanova. Alena works in a large major bridge company OJSC Transmost, in the Software Development Sector. An amazing person who, in addition to high professionalism, is ready for an incredible return of an innovative idea. At the stage of the concept, I painted sketches, how could a new bridge, generated ideas and artistic images, and Alyona corrected and advised how it would be better to work by one or another design. When I experimented with new constructive schemes on conditional prototypes, Alena built virtual physically-correct models and counted in a computer program with real loads. Of course, we didn't always have to understand each other from the first time, but mutual enthusiasm led us to positive results.

Modern technologies: how they affect the thinking of architects and to work engineers. In particular, with regard to the materials used, the characteristics of the structures.

In my pre-project study, I interviewed by the German engineer Mike Shloyha, Head of the Schlaich Bergermann Bureau. According to him, bridges must be elegant, easy and reflect the course of development of technologies and materials. With students, they conduct experiments with composite materials - for example, a pedestrian bridge from carbon fiber is designed - very thin and durable. Mike Slagich told the story, as one artist turned to him, drawing a multicolored bridge-spring. In childhood, everything was played in this? The task of the engineer was to take the basis of this artistic idea, find the appropriate type of construction and realize invented. Surprisingly, how simple the idea of \u200b\u200ba children's toy grew into the carrying construction.

The engineering direction in the bridge construction is characterized by experiments with a beam, perched through an obstacle personifying the idea of \u200b\u200bthe span. Overcoming the distance is considered as a challenge - "further, above, easier." At the present stage, interest is manifested to suspended bridges - the longest and light. For example, the Sky Park Bridge in Sochi. The archetype of hanging bridges are lianas and ropes suspended above the river and natural way, under the action of their own weight forming the back arch. Opened in 2016 Bridge 520 in Seattle uses innovative air-powered structures consisting of reinforced concrete hollow blocks and vertical columns. The hollow supports blocks are broken into the cells and are filled with water to stabilize the level of the road linen.

Now development is underway in the field of quick-scale structures - inflatable ( « tensairity.» - approx. Avt..). Engineers use them mostly for military purposes, and the architect is completely different. For example, a bridge across the South River in Paris ( so far, this is just a concept - approx. Avt..).

Pedestrian bridges, built from secondary materials - plastic, paper, expanded polystyrene. And these are just a few examples!

Moscow landscape. Features and specifics. Pros and cons. And also - Do you really need additional bridges?

The most striking event in the Moscow Most Building was the Program of the General Plan 1935. The river crossed new quarters of residential and public buildings. The streams of urban transport increased by the garden ring and on other highways connecting the city center with its zarechny areas. "New Moscow needed new bridges: high and extensive passages above the river, technically advanced facilities connecting the wide highways of the capital." For the construction of new and reconstruction of old bridges, a special concrete plant was equipped. Bridges moved to new places. In terms of its scale, construction over the river is part of the history of the reconstruction of Moscow, along with such majestic construction, as the Canal Moscow - Volga and the Moscow Metro. Architectural contests were organized for the construction of bridges. Each new bridge had its own artistic appearance.

The 2008 General Plan of 1971 continued an integrated approach to the problems and tasks of the development of the city. Automobile-pedestrian bridges became an integral part of the new traffic network of peripherals. The bridges and embankments of this period were presented to the weak demands of the architectural and spatial organization. The activities of the architect were practically excluded, to the detriment of aesthetics. In 2000, the architecture of the bridges was already commercial. The facilities were reported by an additional function, indoor gallery bridges appeared - shopping or exhibitions. Today, bridges in the city lack, and, both pedestrian and automotive. In total in the city of 49 bridges at 83 km of Moscow River, which does not provide sufficient connectivity of the territories. Transitions are unevenly located: in the southeast plot of Moscow-River for 14 km there is no possibility to cross the river. Of all the bridges, only 24 are available to pedestrians. Not only quantitative changes should occur, but also high-quality.

- The landscape features of the Moscow River basin. What basic need to know when designing a bridge?

The territory near the Moscow River is divided into urban, industrial and natural parking. Depending on the designed context, the most eco-friendly materials, efficient designs and types of pairing roads from the embankment are used. The basis of any project of the bridge is its design scheme: the ratio of the proles. It is impossible to design a bridge without knowledge about the main design systems: beam, arched, frame-console, suspension, etc. The bridges have a cross-sectional architecture and longitudinal. It's like an exterior and an interior of the building. The geometry of the roadway in the plan is not necessarily a straight line. Pleasurable and cycling bridges of curvilinear, wave-like and on them are organized overview sites and places for recreation.

It is important to understand how we get to the bridge, and the way he is entered into the urban environment. For example, bridges with a pronounced carrier construction (guy) in a historical environment will be dissected stylistically, and among skyscrapers, on the contrary.

Engineers take into account the design of the hydrological regime (periods of ice driving and ice-driving), the highest and low water level (flood and interlea), depth and state of the fairway, the width of the river, the cosine angle, the shipping class on this site. But this can be known in more detail in the relevant regulatory documents.

- What should be the "perfect" modern bridge, and which bridge is needed by Moscow?

Modern architectural trend - rethink the bridge as a type of structure and make it part of urban life. It is like a certain plot: there are embankments, parks, squares, and there are bridges. They are all different and surprisingly beautiful. And this is not only the transit road. It would be nice to consider Moscow-river as an obstacle, but on the contrary - the basis for the design of new bridges. The main water artery of the city is quite contaminated, and the construction of new bridges on existing technologies will only aggravate the state. But if you put a healthy ecosystem as a task, I immediately want to find innovative solutions. Maybe combine with sewage treatment plants or overlap the water mirror with one span, find the alternative to the pile base of the supports. The situation is also the lack of new public spaces near the river - the return of the traditions of the premotable area would have intensified new social activity. And yet there are potentially effective spaces under the bridge.

I really want to resume the Union of Architect and Engineer. Non-standard ideas and tasks motivate the engineering brain on the search for alternative materials, innovative structures and technologies - the template break in good sense.

- Favorite bridges of Moscow: an assessment from aesthetic and practical point of view.

In my study, I collected data and made a book about all bridges through Moscow River. Bridges are all different, each building has its own feature, history, some details. It is important, as it seems to me, to keep it if possible. And all new ideas are waiting for their implementation in new projects.

See the most beautiful pedestrian bridges of the world with stunning views and delightful landscapes.

24 photos

1. PEAK WALK, Switzerland. This stunning suspension bridge, a length of 107 meters, connects two vertices of the Swiss Alps - SCEX ROUGE and GLACIER 3000 peak - at a height ... 3000 meters. To capture all the greatness of this beauty for only Kodak cameras. (PHOTO: DENIS BALIBOUSE / NEWSCOM / REUTERS).
2. The 280-meter bridge in the form of human DNA - this can be seen only in Singapore. In the evening, the incredible atmosphere of the Helix bridge attaches a computer-driven backlight. (Photo: Suhaimi Abdullah / Getty Images).
3. Karric-a-Rid cable bridge in Ireland, built by local fishermen, extends right above the 30-meter precipice. (Photo: LOCOG / GETTY IMAGES).
4. Trute Bridge in Switzerland is the longest suspension pedestrian bridge in the Alps. It is located above the lake Trifse, and its length is 170 meters. (Photo: URS Flueler / AP Photo).
5. Benson Bridge in the USA. The 14-meter bridge is built over a waterfall of Maltomas in Oregon. (Photo: Wolfgang Kaehler / Lightrocket / Getty Images).
6. Henderson wave bridge in Singapore. The wave-like 275-meter bridge over Henderson Road is equipped with a very beautiful LED illumination. (Photo: Tim Chong / NewsCom / Reuters).
7. The suspension bridge, which is called "Top Tops", is located in the valley of the giants, in Australia. This amazing bridge was built to visitors to Walpole-Nornalup National Park in Perth could stroll and admire the giant eucalyptus crowns. (Photo: Rex Features).
8. Millennium Bridge in Gateshead, in England. This is the world's first tilted bridge over the Tyne River, which was awarded a variety of architectural awards. Locals gladly use it for hiking and cycling from Gateshead to Newcastle. (Photo: Stu Forster / Getty Images).
9. Heavenly Bridge Langkavi, Malaysia. Located 700 meters above sea level, the curved bridge leads to the top of Gunung Mat Chinchang. From the bridge, the length of which is 125 meters, stretches the breathtaking view of the Andaman Sea. (Photo: UIG / Getty Images).
10. Suspension Bridge Capillano in Canada. Built in 1889, the bridge is located at an altitude of 70 meters right above the Kapilano River, and it seems that it lies on the tops of the trees of the virgin forest. (Photo: Rich Wheater / Aurora PHOTOS / CORBIS).
11. The Big Suspension Bridge Coconoe "Yume" in Japan is currently the longest suspension bridge in the world. Its length is 390 meters, and the height is 173. From the bridge, stunning views of Shindonotaki waterfalls and the surrounding forests of Kyusuikei are extended. (Photo: UIG / Getty Images).
12. The root bridge of Cherapundy in India. This is the most amazing natural bridge in the world, which was made by the Khaxy tribe. The roots of surrounding rubber trees locals sent in such a way that with the strength of them formed strong, natural bridges that will be able to hold 50 people. (Photo: Amos Chapple / Getty Images).
13. Bridge of the world in Georgia. The arcuate bridge developed by the Italian architect Michel de Lucca is located above the Kura River in Tbilisi. The construction of the bridge was produced in Italy and transported to the construction site for 200 trucks. (Photo: David Sucsy / Getty Images).
14. Sonimgue Bridge in South Korea. This arched bridge over the Jongzhen Waterfall on Jeju Island is decorated with 14 nymph statues who play on different musical instruments. (Photo: Jupiterimages / Getty Images).
15. Nesciobrug in the Netherlands. This is the longest pedestrian and cycling bridge in Europe. Its length is 780 meters. The bridge passes over Amsterdam-Rijnkanaal and connect two areas: Amsterdam-Oost and Ijburg. (Photo: Richard Wareham Fotografie / Getty Images).
16. Stone Bridge in Spain. The stone bridge is the only road connecting the San Juan de Gasteleugce Island with the mainland. Running over the ocean bridge leads to a skeleton with a small church. (Photo: Getty Images).
17. Women Bridge in Argentina. The inspiration for the shape of the bridge designed by the architect of Santiago Kalatrava was served by the movements of the pair, dancing tango. The 160-meter bridge is located above the Rio de la Plata in Buenos Aires. (Photo: Diego Giudice / Bloomberg).
18. Tree Top Canopy Walk, Malaysia. The 300-meter bridge is located in the midst of the tops of the trees of the rainforest on the island of Borneo. It is equipped with an observation platform from which you can admire the forest to which ... more than 130 million years. (Photo: Andrea Pistolesi / Getty Images).
19. Royal Gorge Bridge in the USA. Built in 1929, a 385-meter bridge over the Arkansas River, Colorado, is one of the most popular attractions of the region. Royal Gorge Bridge, 305 meters high, was the highest bridge in the world 1929 to 2001. (Photo: David Zalubowski / AP Photo).
20. Suspension Bridge Tigbao in the Philippines. The bridge looks as if it is about to fall apart, however, it is only visibility. Higher at an altitude of 25 meters above the Lobok River, the bridge is made of metal. Bamboo trim is just an outer layer of construction. (Photo: Othk / Getty Images).
21. Rialto Bridge in Venice. This is one of the most famous bridges in the world and a very popular attraction. Rialto Bridge, which is located right above the Grand Channel, was originally made of wood. The current stone construction was built in 1588 - 1591 under the leadership of Architect Antonio da Ponte. (Photo: Manuel Silvestri / Reuters).
22. Chengyang Bridge in China, also known as Yongji Bridge or Rainy Bridge, was built in 1916 over the Lignxi River in the Sanjiang region. It is made of wood and stone, and its height is 65 meters. (Photo: Rex Features).
23. Old Bridge in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Built in 1566, the arched bridge is an example of classical Ottoman architecture. During the war between Croatia and Bosnia, in 1993, the bridge was destroyed. The old bridge was restored only in 2004. (Photo: Kelly Chang Travel Photography / Getty Images).
24. Pont du-Gare in France. This Roman bridge, which resist the time test, is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Built in ancient times, on the banks of the Gare River, the three-level bridge is one of the most famous tourist attractions of France. (Photo: Rex Features).

Aqueducts are designed to transport water through the channels raised on the supports above the valleys, rivers, highways and railways and other obstacles. But there are also so-called water bridges for which even small ships can move. Aqueducts people learned how to use the ancient times, delivering water from the remote source to the city, but the water channels are much later invention.
Water channels are much harder and larger than aqueducts, because they should flow, not a modest rumor of water, but swim rather large ship. Only in the XVII century people decided to use water bridges to pass vessels. Gradually, the most ambitious water bridges of the world began to appear in different countries. In 1896, the French built a similar channel on Loire, which the entire next century remained the longest shipping bridge in the world until the construction in Magdeburg had surpassed.

1. Magdeburg Water Bridge

This structure connecting the channels of Mittelnd and Elba Havel and passing over the riverbed of the Elbe River was launched in October 2003. The length of this longest water bridge in the world is 918 meters. In the past, both of the channels near Magdeburg retired in the opposite shores of Elba, the level of which was much lower than in the channels. To go from one channel to another, the ships had to lay a 12-kilometer loop, then the hour to descend on the aqueous elevator to the Elbe level, after which they repeat the same action in the reverse order to rise to the level of the opposite channel. In addition, the Elba was often too crappy for the passage of the loaded barges, in this case it had to spend a mass of time on their intermediate unloading and loading.
After the combination of Germany, the main internal routes were developed, in the light of which for the German government, the construction of a water bridge in Magdeburg was a priority. Construction began in 1997 and cost the execution of 500 million euros. With this water bridge, the network of internal German channels is connected by ports located on the Rhine.

Most often, the statues and monuments depict people, but sometimes instead you can see animals, mythical creatures and anything. People with cave babes ...

2. Aqueduct Panthasillte

In Wales near Raxhem in 1795-1805, Aqueduct Panthasillte was built. With its help, the channel Ellesmer was able to step over the valley of the di river. Here during the industrial revolution, the goal was pursued to connect the channel of channels with the coal mines of Denbishira. For its time, the construction of this water bridge was a huge technical achievement. Since then, more than two centuries, this aqueduch remains the highest and long aqueduct in the UK, and UNESCO has included him in his world heritage list. The aqueduched has a length of 307 m with a depth of 1.6 m and a width of 3.4 m, it is an element of a 18-kilometer aqueduct. It is made of cast iron, and shy bolted bolts support the curved steel robber strength. Over the river di, the aqueduct takes place at a height of 38 m.
The water bridge is maintained by 19 high pylons folded from stone. Through the use of iron structures during the construction of the Arch, the latter turned out to be easily and elegantly, although they have a large margin of safety. The economic development of the region, the appearance of the aqueduct had a huge influence, especially at the beginning of the XIX century. Ruddy, coal, limestone, as well as the production of lime increased dramatically. Increased production in shale careers, agriculture bloomed.
Nowadays, on the aquedworld Puttsillte, barges with minerals are no longer moving, he began to serve tourists entirely, being a technological landmark.

3. Aqueduct Barton Swing

In English Big Manchester in the Barton area there is a movable water bridge Barton Swing, with which the Bridgewater canal crosses the Manchester Canal. Small vessels can simultaneously move on both intersecting channels, but when a large vessel is moving along the Manchester Channel, the Barton swing and the neighboring exactly the same, but the land turning bridge is simultaneously turning 90 degrees, freeing the space over the large channel and giving the opportunity to Mauli this water Crossroads. This is the only mobile aqueduct in the world is the most important achievement of civil construction of the period of the Queen Victoria.
This miracle of engineering thought was built in 1894 and still works fine. Previously, an ordinary stone aqueduct was located at the site of the rotary bridge, because of which large ships could not pass along the Irrell River. Only such a technical solution was able to resolve this problem of transport junction.

Located in the mountains of the Caucasus Georgia - a small, but very beautiful country. Georgians themselves love their homeland very much and chant it in wonderful ...

4. Mindden Water Bridge

Near the German city of Minden built another water bridge, which continues the middle-grand canal. This construction consists of two parts: the old bridge built in 1914 and the new one appeared in 1998. The new bridge was built because the size of the channel of the old aqueduct did not allow to enter it with modern barges. Therefore, the old bridge now continues to use only small boats and private boats. Over the land, the channel is towers by 10 m, and over the River Weser is 12 m.
Mindden Aqueduct is the second in Europe in length, inferior only to a relative from Magdeburg. The construction of the first bridge lasted 2 years of 9 months.
During World War II, the aviation bombed him more than once, but he was lucky to survive, only a few weeks in 1944 he was forced to be repaired. The retreating troops of the Wehrmacht on April 4, 1945 blew up a bridge, more precisely, two main spans over the Weather River. As a result of their debris blocked the flow, which caused water lifting by 1.5 meters. Restoring the bridge began in 1947, and in 1949 he earned again. But the requirements of modern domestic shipping gradually grew, and the bridge stopped them, so in 1993 the Germans decided to build a different bridge over the Weather. It is located north of old, just 50 meters from him. The spills of both bridges are completely identical to the vessels passing by an office do not come across additional obstacles.

5. Briard Bridge Channel

Aqueduct in Briare is one of the oldest in France. Many modern channels were built by its analogy. This hydraulic structure has connected with each other River Seine and Loire. The Briorine Channel Bridge has a very solid length - 56 km at a depth of 1.8 m. It began to build it back in 1642, and finished in 1642. The channel became part of the system connecting with the Rhone pool, after the central and side Louarean canal were built. The idea of \u200b\u200bbuilding a channel belonged to the Duke of Sully, and Heinrich IV supported it. The main task of the channel at that time was the desire to activate the grain trafficking to weaken the problem of lack of bread in the region. The construction of the channel was used by work 6-12 thousand people.
Technical progress in the world forceded in 1890-1896 to build another magnificent water bridge, collected from steel structures through Loire. For a long time he was the longest on the continent - 662 meters with a width of 11.5 m. Aqueduct relies on mighty stone supports.
On both sides of the water bridge, built on an obelisk with pilasters, which depict the most important French cities. Beautiful lights are decorated on top, and the nose of the ship is visible at the bottom. The same cast iron lights are distributed over the entire length of the channel. When someone floats through this canal on the boat, then he has a feeling that he is in line with a large river.

Kazan is one of the most beautiful and oldest Volga cities. The capital of the current multinational Tatarstan combines Western technologies ...

6. Aqueduct Avon

The highest and long in Scotland shipping aqueduct is Avon. On it proceeds the canal Union near Linlithgow and West Lothian. The bridge has a length of 250 m and a height of 26 m. In length in the UK, it is only inferior to the Wales Aqueduction Panthasillte. The architect of this water bridge was Thomas Telford. The bridge has 12 arches, and water on it flows on the cast-iron yellow. One of his parties passes a narrow pedestrian walkway.

7. Aqueduct Khaveud

This water bridge, built in Sweden, was particularly difficult to lay. Due to the unsuitable soil, builders could not use the traditional castle to complete the Dasland Channel, so they decided to build a 30-meter steel bridge over a waterfall. They had to show all the power of their technical genius to cope with such a challenge. At the waterfall, one river fell into another. In 1860, a long aqueduct was built here, with the help of which the water was able to deliver to the village located not far away.
Nowadays, the aqueduct Khaverud turned into a tourist attraction and a kind of attraction, in which the river, the water bridge and the railway are involved immediately. Travelers are particularly popular with small boats on the Dasland Channel.

8. Aqueduct Ringwarta Haarlemmermermer

In the western part of the Netherlands, Ringwarta Canal was laid near the town of Roelopharendswen, which through the aqueduct intersects with the A4 automotive track. This is the oldest in Holland aqueduct, despite the fact that it was built only in 1961. In 2006, he has undergone expansion, they laid a couple more roads under it, one of which is iron. Currently, the length of the aqueduct has grown to 1800 m.

Spain is very beautiful and long-fashioned, it seems to be intended for an unforgettable, saturated with the impressions of the rest: a magnificent national architecture ...

9. Aqueduct Pont du Sart

This Water Bridge in Belgium is a continuation of the central channel, near the city of Howeng-Hegnis, it crosses the roads of roads No. 535 and No. 55 from above. Concrete aqueduct has a length of 498m and a significant width - 46 m. \u200b\u200bThe weight of the structure is 65,000 tons, it is supported by 28 pylons with a diameter of 3 m.

10. Aqueduct BIUMEMER

This water bridge is located in the east of Holland. With this unique design, the Dutch joined each other two artificial reservoirs. Initially, the authorities intended to build an ordinary automotive bridge here, but this project was structurally uncomfortable, and more expensive. Therefore, a universal bridge, which is able to skip both cars and small ships, instead of a classical bridge, which connects the reservoirs. Large ships will not be able to fit into the geometry of his channel. About 30,000 cars are passing under the bridge underground tunnel.
The reservoir level is regulated by the reservoir system and dam, but even in this case, sometimes a car tunnel floats with water - because you should not forget that the Netherlands are located below sea level. This water lifting has a width of 25 m, and its length is 19 m. This aqueduct passes along the border separating the continental part of the Netherlands from the world's largest bulk island. Along the passing path number 302, pedestrian tracks are made, from which it is convenient to consider local landscapes.

Of course, today the transition across the river on the bridge can no longer cause so exciting emotions as before ... or maybe it can?

Since the creation of the world, a man tried to overcome the oceans, mountains, deserts. It is in our blood. Of course, today the transition across the river on the bridge can no longer cause so exciting emotions as before ... or maybe it can? The 25 most unique bridges of the world by which we offer you "stroll" are outstanding achievements, impressive records, designs that have deserved a lot of premiums, outstanding architecture and a rich history.

Helix Bridge (Helix.Bridge), Singapore

This bridge over the Singapore River is unique with its design, its design resembles the structure of the DNA molecule. The Helix Bridge was opened in 2010 and was made mainly of steel. At night, its unique form complements the LED backlight.

Chapels (Chapel Bridge), Switzerland

This magnificent, located in the city of Lucerne Bridge was built in 1333. It crosses the Royce River diagonally. This oldest wooden covered bridge of Europe is a rich history. Inside the bridge was decorated with pictures of the 17th century, depicting local historical events, but almost all images were destroyed by fire that happened almost 20 years ago. About the bridge and 85 of 110 images were lost, some of them dated 1611. Only 25 paintings managed to save and renovate, and the bridge himself was rebuilt later.

Changyang Bridge (Chengyang Bridge), China

This bridge is called the "Wind and Rain". It hides among the rice fields and mountains in the Chinese province Guangxi and connects the shores of the Lincy River. It was built in 1916 by the people of Dong, the ethnic minority of China. The bridge consists of 5 separate pagodas with gallery and pavilions. The traditional Chinese architecture creates a fantastic appearance, but most amazing in this structure is that no nail was used for its structure. The bridge holds with a few affecting the imagination of architectural tricks.

Rolling Bridge (ROLLING BRIDGE), England

This unique bridge is located in Padington (London District). Every Friday the figure in the form of an octagon unfolds, turning into a bridge - this is the main feature. By the end of the day, he again twisted in the octagon. Next Friday the bridge will appear again. The mechanism works on hydraulics. The bridge was designed in 2004, his author is Thomas Heathervik; By the way, the bowls for the Olympic and Paralympic Fire are also his work.

Heavenly Bridge Langkavi (Langkawi Sky Bridge), Malaysia

Langkawi's heavenly bridge can be reached on the funicular. The length of the curved pedestrian facility is 410 feet or about 125 meters, it is located at the peak of Mount Hangun Mat Chinchang at an altitude of 2300 feet (700 meters) above sea level. By climbing in the lift to the mountain, tourists can walk along the bridge and admire one of the most beautiful types of Malaysia on the mountains and tropical forests.

Millennium Bridge in Gateshead (THE GATESHEAD MILLENNIUM BRIDGE), England

The bridge was opened by the Queen in 2002, it is located in the center of Newcastle over the river secrets. This bridge is unique in that it is one of the few swivel bridges. When he turns in one direction, it represents a regular pedestrian bridge, through which people can go to the other bank of the river. When he turns the other side, boats and ships can be saved under it. The bridge won many architectural awards for the design. It is also called the "blinking eye", because when turning it looks like a blinking eyelid of a huge eye.

Old Most (Stari Most), Bosnia and Herzegovina

The name of this bridge is translated quite literally - the old bridge. It is assumed that it was built in 1566 and withstood the test of time until he was destroyed in 1993. In the course of the Bosnian war. The restoration of this bridge of the 16th century and the surrounding buildings was spent more than 13 million US dollars. In 2004, he was finally renovated and open to the public. Local residents have a tradition to jump from this bridge to the river. Also, this bridge is recognized as an object of the World Heritage.

Akashi-Kaiko Bridge (Akashi-Kaikyō Bridge), Japan

This bridge is the greatest invention of Japanese engineering, it belongs to the record of the longest suspension bridge in the world - 3,911 meters. It is about 4 Brooklyn bridges! Akasha Bridge was opened in 1998, 12 years left for the construction. He connects the center of Kobe in Hyogo and Avseji Prefecture on Avseji Island. It's funny that the bridge was not built in order to become the longest suspended bridge in the world, but in 1995 the earthquake in Kobe broke the construction of the bridge under construction, as a result of which its length increased by 3 feet (approximately 1 meter), this circumstance presented his record to the bridge. The total length of the rope of the bridge is 300 thousand km. This is enough to wrap the land seven and a half times!

Rialto Bridge (Rialto Bridge), Italy

Another bridge with a rich history. It was built in the 15th century, connecting the coast of the Grand Canal in Venice. More precisely, the bridge was constructed even earlier, in 1181, but then he was a little barge, which served the only way to move on the other side of the Grand Channel. In 1551 The authorities decided to improve the bridge. The best architects in the history of mankind, including Michelangelo and Palladio, offered plans to reconstruct the bridge, but this honor, in the end, fell out Antonio da Ponte. Many architects treated skeptically to his plans and predicted the collapse of the bridge, but he challenged critics, and the bridge stands to this day. The classical Venetian architecture added to him attractiveness and up to the 19th century Rialto was the only bridge over the Grand Canal and the only link between the two sides of Venice until more modern bridges were built.

Greaterhoff Bridge (Slauerhoffbrug Bridge), Netherlands

No, this is not an illicit! This extremely strange bridge is located in Leuwarden. Because of the huge number of rivers flowing in the territory of the Netherlands and lively water movement, the country needed a bridge capable of raising quickly and descending, without stopping either a river nor road traffic. So in 2000. And this bridge appeared from iron and steel. It rises and falls 10 times a day with hydraulics.

Bridge Oktavio Frias de Oliveira (Octavio Frias de Oliveira Bridge), Brazil

Located in the center of São Paulo, the bridge was opened in 2008. It was gone for 5 years, 450 workers were involved in construction. The bridge looks unusually due to the supporting structure in the form of the letter "x" in the center. Another feature is a movement on two levels, one over the other under the support. The bridge is also decorated with LEDs creating amazing light patterns, and for Christmas, a special backlight turns it into the similarity of Christmas fir.

Falcirkie Wheel. (THE FALKIRK WHEEL), Scotland

This bridge is distinguished not only by its futuristic design. This is the first and only rotating shipment. The design, equipped with two gateways with tunnels of 168 meters each, can be rotated 180 degrees. The boats below are swimming in the tunnel, the design turns and lifts them to the channel located above. A unique way of connecting two channels and transportation of ships makes this bridge outstanding achievement of engineering art.

Waves Henderson (Henderson Waves Bridge), Singapore

The name already tells us that the bridge is designed in the form of waves. It connects two Singapore Park, Maown Faber Park and Blanc Hill Park Chicks and looks amazing against the background of the nature of Singapore. At night, the backlight turns on, which adds the charms of it without that artistic design. Henderson waves are made of steel and wood. Steel is necessary for the construction fortress, and the wood complements the stylish design, personifying the beauty of the parks connected. The bridge is equipped with places for recreation, bars and survey sites so that you can fully enjoy the surrounding beauty.

Bridge Sida (Siduhe Bridge), China

The bridge was opened in 2009. Side is officially the most highly reflected bridge in the world and, probably, the most terrible for those who are afraid of heights. It is located incredible High - 1627 feet (≈496m) above the ground. This is higher than the Statue of Freedom, Eiffel Tower, Pyramids Giza and Big Ben. He passes over the river gorge in the Chinese province of Hubei, is surrounded by mountains and greens. The construction of the bridge turned out to be difficult because of its location. It was impossible to use cranes, ships and even helicopters. Engineers came together at an interesting idea of \u200b\u200busing instead of the listed missiles. About 1000 m of the connecting cable tied to the rocket and started over the gorge to the other side to lay the base of the bridge. Thanks to a unique location and a unique method of building, most likely, this bridge and after many years will remain the most highly located in the world.

Viaduct Miyo. (Millau Viaduct), France

This bridge is listed in the Guinness Book of Records for its height - it is 1125 feet (≈343m), which makes the bridge of the masterpiece of engineering art. In 2006, he received the Outstanding Structure Award Prize - one of the most prestigious awards in the field of architecture. "New York Times" dubbed it with "engineering triumph", and Bi-Bi called "one of the engineering wonders of the 21st century." France President Jacques Chirac opened the bridge in 2004. This bridge is estimated at 394 million euros or 524 million dollars. Viaduct passes over the Tang River in Miyo and allows drivers to enjoy the most striking view throughout France, and sometimes even makes it possible to climb over the clouds.

Danyan Kunshan Viaduct (Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge), China

This bridge is the longest in the world. It is incredible, but its length is 102 miles (almost 165 km.), So that he got into the Guinness Book of Records. This railway bridge is part of Beijing-Shanghai highway and, as you can guess by the title, connects Dangyan with Kunshan. Construction began in 2006 and took 4 wondering years, the bridge was opened in 2011. The colossal project cost $ 8.5 million, about 10 thousand workers were involved in construction. More than 450 thousand tons of steel went on this design.

Moses Bridge (Moses Bridge), Netherlands

Distracted from large-scale projects. This bridge was not in vain called Moiseyev, because he literally divides the water in two. Bridge of innovative design was built in the 17th century fortress. She was renovated, and the bridge had to pass by the moat and lead directly to the goal, but the architects who did not want to make the fortress too prominent for the enemies, there was another idea. They built the bridge almost under water to make it almost imperceptible. The bridge is located inside the RVA, so that allows people to move to the other side unnoticed. This artistic design creates the illusion that you pass through the water, because the bridge merges with the scenery. It is entirely made of wood and completely waterproof, so you can not be afraid to soak legs.

Bridge Hadju (Khaju Bridge), Iran

The Hajji Bridge was built by the Persian king, Shah Abbas II in the 17th century. The bridge consists of 25 arches and also serves as a dam, controlling the water level in the River of the River, which stands. On the bridge you can still see the remains of stone chairs built for Shaha Abbas II, who loved to sit here and enjoy a beautiful view. The pavilion in the center was built exclusively for the pleasure of Shaha, as a tea house.

The Brooklyn Bridge (BROOKLYN BRIDGE), USA

The construction of this bridge was completed in 1883. Since then, he has become a national historical monument and a symbol of New York. The bridge is located right behind the high skyscrapers of New York City and the view of it is impressive. The bridge is moved through East River and connects Manhattan and Brooklyn. In fact, the bridge designed John Robling, but shortly before the construction began he died. His son, Washington Robling, continued his father's case, but he himself hurt himself and managed construction without leaving home. His wife, Emily Robling, distributed the instructions to the workers and was practically the chief engineer of the project before the end of construction. In 1884, the famous showman of that time F. Barnum spent on the bridge a group of circus animals, including a column of 21 elephants to show how strong this bridge.

Harbor Bridge in Sydney (SYDNEY HARBOUR BRIDGE), Australia

This bridge, which is also called "hanger", was opened in 1932. Francis Greenway offered to build a bridge leading with North to the southern side of the harbor. In 1900, the first projects were proposed, but they were all rejected. Later, the plans for the construction of the bridge violated the First World War, and the project was selected only after its end. Architect was found and in 1924 the construction of Harbor Bridge in Sydney began. 1400 people worked on the project, construction lasted 8 years, it took 4.2 million pounds or 6.61 million US dollars. 6 million rivets were manually clogged, 53 thousand tons of steel were used during construction. Up to our days, this bridge remains one of the most famous. A lot of fascinating pyrotechnic shows are facilitated by this, which pass here every New Year's Eve.

Alexander BridgeIII(PONT ALEXANDRE III), France

The most suitable epithet for this Paris bridge is elegance. Its construction began in 1896 and ended in 1900. It is built in art nouveau style and decorated with the statues of nymph, cherubs, winged horses, angels, ships and vintage lanterns along the railing. The bridge is one of the most decorated bridges of the world. Despite the fact that the French Bridge, he is named after the Russian emperor Alexander III - in honor of the French-Russian Alliance. Alexander's son, Nicholas II laid the first stone in the support of the bridge. Statues made of gold, bronze, copper and stone emphasize his Parisian style.

Bridge Bakpo (Banpo Bridge), South Korea

Let's go from to modern. This truly awesome bridge is located in Seoul, he shifted through the Khan River. In general, the bridge was built in 1982, but in 2007 the project was launched to update the adjacent territory, and in 2009 the bridge was exactly the way it can be seen today. Koreans occurred a wonderful idea to run on both sides of the fountain bridge. The fountains pour about 190 tons of water per minute on each side of all 380 sprayers. At night, they are highlighted by all the colors of the rainbow with 10 thousand LED light bulbs creating various colorful effects. Water jets are very dynamic and can move to the music, forming picturesque, constantly changing paintings. The bridge is not only stylish, but also environmentally friendly, water swings straight from the river and constantly circulates. In 2008, the fountain on the bridge fell into the Guinness Book of Records, as the longest.

Golden Gate Bridge (GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE), USA

Perhaps one of the most famous bridges in the world. The Golden Gate Bridge has become a symbol not only San Francisco, but also of all the United States. Designed by an engineer Joseph Strauss, he was built to join San Francisco with the whole country and cross the strait, called the Golden Gate, which gave the name of the bridge. Construction began in 1933, thousands of workers were required, 4 years and 35 million dollars to finish it. Opened in 1937 bridge beat 2 records at once, becoming the longest and highest suspension bridge in the world. He received international confession, he opened a charming view of the Pacific Ocean and, despite criticism, the bridge was awarded for his design in the style of Art Deco and the corporate red color. The bridge records soon were beaten (see paragraph 18), but it still retains its popularity and symbol status.

Tower Bridge (Tower Bridge), England

Let us turn to another historical sights. Now we will go to Europe, or rather in England. In the 19th century, the London Bridge was the only way to cross the Thames. London developed, several bridges were completed from the west. The eastern side has become a loaded port, and soon it became obvious that a new bridge is needed. The creation of the bridge began in 1884, its design was chosen from more than 50 projects. For the construction of a bridge, known today, as Tower, has gone 8 years, 432 workers took part in the works, more than 11 thousand tons of steel were used. Prince Welsh opened the bridge in 1894, which made it possible to unload the eastern side. The bridge has become one of the most recognizable due to its cult design. On each side of the bridge is on the tower, the middle section of the bridge can be lowered and climbed by hydraulics, allowing you to float the ships. The bridge is not only a symbol of London, but also the symbol of the entire United Kingdom.

Ponte Vecchio (Ponte Vecchio), Italy

Ponte Vecchio is a medieval bridge located in Florence, he passes over the Arno River. His story goes during the Roman Empire. In 1333, the bridge was destroyed by flooding, and in 1345 Taddeo Guddy rebuilt him. In 1565, Georgho Vazari was instructed to update the bridge, adding a gallery over him. This bridge is famous for the fact that they are located right on it at home, some are very close to the edge. Initially, these were benches where they traded meat or leather goods. However, they had too many garbage and vony, so in 1593, they began to push themselves jewelers. Ponte Vecchio is the only bridge in Florence, which remained unharmed during World War II and the only, untouched by the Germans during the siege.

From the most long time, the man tried to argue the immense - cross the oceans, mountains, deserts. In this selection you are waiting for the most unusual buildings created by a person who received the projects with an outstanding architecture and a rich history. So, we are going to inspect the 25 most unique bridges in the world.

Helix Bridge in Singapore

This bridge is unique in what is similar to the DNA structure. Opened in 2010, Helix Bridge was made mainly from steel and lit at night with LED lighting ribbons to emphasize his unique design

Bridge Cappelbrücke

Located in Lucerne, this bridge was built in 1333 and crosses the Royce River diagonally. This is the oldest wooden indoor bridge in Europe. The inner part of the bridge is decorated with paintings of the 17th century, depicting the events of local history. Most of the bridge was destroyed by fire about 20 years ago. Approximately two thirds of the bridge and 85 of 110 paintings were lost. The bridge itself was restored a year later.

Shenyang Bridge

Named "Bridge of Wind and Rain" and hidden among rice regions and mountains, Shenyang is located in the Chinese Guangxi province. Built in 1916 people of Duna, an ethnic minority in China, the bridge is decorated with five separate structures in the form of pagoda. The traditional Chinese architecture makes a fantastic building, but the most amazing thing is that no nail was used during construction, but only architectural tricks.

Rolling bridge

This unique bridge is located in the Paddington region of London. It is so special that every Friday the octagonal structure is transformed. During the day, the bridge is going back to the original form. The bridge uses the hydraulic to do such transformations, it was completed in 2004. The project was developed by Thomas Khitirevik, who also designed some Olympic projects in London.

Heavenly Bridge Langkavi

Langkavi Sky Bridge can be reached through the cable car. This is a curved pedestrian bridge with a length of over 100 meters, about 700 meters above sea level. As soon as you overcome the way along the cable car, the bridge will give an ideal opportunity to consider the beautiful sights of Malaysian mountains and rainforest.

Bridge Gateshead Millennium

This construction was opened by the British Queen in 2002 and is located in the city of Newcastle, crossing the secrets River. The Millennium Bridge is unique in that this is one of several bridges in the world that leans. When it is tilted in one direction, it turns into a normal pedestrian bridge, where you can walk and admire the views of the river. When the bridge is tilted in the other direction, it allows boats and ships to pass under it. Gateshead Millennium received many architectural awards for their design and name "Viking's eye", because it looks like an eye that blinks every time the structure bends.

Old Bridge Bosnia

The old bridge was built in 1566 and successfully opposed the test of time until he was destroyed in 1993 during the Bosnian War. More than $ 13 million were spent on the restoration of the bridge and the surrounding buildings until it was finally restored and publicly opened in 2004.

Akasi Bridge in Japan

One of the greatest examples of Japanese engineering - the Acasi Bridge is holding a record as the longest suspension bridge in the world, with a full length of 3911 meters. It would take 4 Brooklyn bridge to cover this distance. It took 12 years to build this construction. Strange, but the bridge was not built with the intention to be the longest hanging bridge in the world, but in 1995 after the earthquake had to add additional sections that Dali Akasi had his record. The total length of the bridge cable is 300,000 km. This is enough to surround the land 7.5 times!

Rialto Bridge in Italy

Built in the 15th century, he crosses the Grand Canal of Venice. Rialto was first built in 1181 and was the only way to get to the other side of the Great Channel. Only in 1551 the authorities decided to modernize the bridge. The best architects, including Michelangelo and Palladio, offered their projects, but the task in the end was transferred to Antonio da Ponte. Some architects skeptically treated his plans and predicted the bridge failure, but he challenged his critics, and the bridge was perfectly preserved to the present day. The classical Venetian bridge architecture was complemented by elements of the nineteenth century a few centuries later. Rialto for a long time was the only bridge crossing the Great Channel and the only connection between the two parties to Venice until more modern bridges were built.

Bridge Slauerhofbrug

No, this is not an illicit! This extremely fancy bridge is located in Leuupenden. Due to the huge number of rivers and channels in the Netherlands, the large intensity of shipping and the same volume of vehicles, the country needed a bridge, which is able to quickly rise and go down, bring benefits and road, and river shipping. So a bridge of Sloeurhofbrug appeared. Built in 2000 from iron and steel, the bridge rises and falls 10 times a day using hydraulics.

Oktavio de Oliveira Bridge

Opened in 2008 Bridge in the city of Sao Paulo was built in 5 years. To build a bridge named after Oktavio de Oliveira, 450 workers were involved. The project is unusual due to the X-shaped structures in the middle and two levels of movement crossing each other during the passage through the support. Oliveira Bridge is also decorated with LEDs flickering in special holidays. For example, at Christmas bridge can be lit as to look like a Christmas tree.

Falkkerka wheel

This is more than just a bridge, thanks to his futuristic design. Wheel Folkerka - the first and only lift in the world for a boat! The structure can actually rotate 180 degrees. The boat swims through the canal to the lower tier, after which the structure turns around, raising the boat to the top of the channel. This is a unique way to connect channels, which makes it an exceptional feat of modern development.

Waves Henderson

The bridge was designed to look like waves. Henderson waves connect 2 parks in Singapore, and open ideal views of the surrounding beauty. At night, the construction is lit to add more beauty to it and so artistic design. Henderson waves are made of steel and wood. Steel is necessary for structural purposes, while wood emphasizes the beauty of parks. The bridge is equipped with benches and viewing platforms, plates for rest and excursion corners.

Bridge Sida

Opened in 2009, the Side Bridge is located at an altitude of 495 meters above the ground. This is higher than the Statue of Freedom, Eiffel Tower, Pyramids Giza and Big Ben. Side is quietly towers over the river gorge in the Chinese province of Hubei, surrounded by mountains and forests. Construction was a problem due to a remote location. There was no possibility to use lifting cranes, boats or helicopters. Engineers have come up with an interesting idea to use rockets. More than 1000 cable meters were tied to missiles, which were sent on the other side of the gorge. This is a unique location, and a unique way of construction.

Miyo Bridge

Miyo Bridge is in the Book of Records, being the highest bridge in the world. The height of the technical masterpiece is 342 meters. New York Times described it as "development triumph", and Bi-Bi called him "one of the technical wonders of the 21st century." President of France, Jacques Chirac, opened the bridge in 2004, construction cost approximately 394 million euros. The bridge itself crosses the valley of the Tarn River in Millo and opens the driver of the most stunning views throughout France, sometimes being even above the clouds.

Bridge Danyan Kunshhan

This bridge is the longest bridge in the world - it is 102 miles long. The railway bridge is part of the High Speed \u200b\u200bRailway of Beijing-Shanghai. Construction was started in 2006, and the cost of the project was incredible 8.5 billion dollars. More than 450,000 tons of steel were used for the structure, 10,000 workers were constantly involved in the process. Danyan-Kunshhan Bridge entered his name in history for a long time.

Bridge Moses

This bridge was named after Moses, because he literally splits the water into two parts. The innovative decision was implemented at the 15th century fortress. Initially, the bridge was supposed to be built through the ditch around the fortress, but the architects had a desire to not disturb the image of the fortress. They decided to disguise the bridge and put on Waterlinia to make it almost invisible. This artistic design creates an illusion that you go through water, and the bridge is harmonized with the landscape. It is fully made of wood and is waterproof.

Bridge Hadju

The Hajj Bridge was built by the Persian King, Shah Abbas II, during the 17th century. He has 23 arches, the bridge also functions like a dam, driving the waters of the River Zyandah. The remains of stone chairs, built for Shaha Abbas II, are still here. Here he was sitting, admiring the ideas. The central pavilion was built exclusively for his pleasure, originally as a tea house.

The Brooklyn Bridge

Built in 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge became a national historical attraction and a symbol of New York. It is located behind the high skyscrapers of New York. The bridge connects Manhattan with Brooklyn and crosses the East River. John A. Robling was designed by the Brooklyn Bridge, but died shortly before the construction began. His son, Washington Robling, continued his work, but he himself was struck by the disease and settled in an apartment overlooking the construction site. Emily Robling, his wife, passed his instructions to the workers and was actually the main engineer until the bridge was completed. In this time, this was a real technological feat. In 1884, a group of animals circus was allowed through the bridge, including a herd of 21 elephants to prove that the bridge is stable.

Sydney Harbor Bridge

In 1815, Francis Greenway proposed to build a bridge from the North to the South Coast of the Harbor. In 1890, a number of projects were presented, but they were all unsuitable. As a result, the construction of Harbor Bridge began only in 1924. It took 1400 workers, 8 years and 6.6 million dollars to finally implement the project. Six million rivets and 53,000 tons of steel were used during construction. Today it is one of the most recognizable bridges in the world, one of the symbols of Sydney.

Alexander III Bridge

Elegance is the best word to describe this bridge, located in Paris. Its construction began in 1896 and ended in 1900. The structure was built in the style of Ar-Nouveau and decorated with the statues of nymph, cherubs, winged horses, angels, ships and vintage lamps along his parties, as a result, one of the most decorated bridges in the world was created. Despite the fact that it is located in France, the bridge was named after Alexander 3rd, the emperor of Russia to honor the French-Russian Union. Alexander's Son, Nikolai II, put the first stone during the start of construction.

Bridge Bakpo

This truly amazing bridge is located in Seoul and crosses the Han River. The bridge itself was actually created in 1982, but then restored in 2007. In 2009, a fountain was included in the project, which fits 190 tons of water per minute on each side of the 380 carriage bridge. At night, the color of BPPP resembles a rainbow due to 10,000 LEDs, creating various colorful effects. The jet of water is dynamic and can move along with music. Bridge-fountain banpo is harmless to the environment. Water is pumped directly from the river itself and is continuously cleaned.

Golden Gate Bridge

Probably one of the most famous bridges in the world, the golden gate has become a symbol not only San Francisco, but all the United States. Developed by an engineer Joseph Strauss, this bridge was built to join San Francisco with Marin County and cross the strait. Thousands of workers were required, 4 years old, and 35 million dollars to complete the project. When the bridge was completed in 1937, he broke 2 records, becoming the longest and highest suspension bridge in the world. The structure received international recognition, had a magnificent view of the Pacific Ocean, challenged critics, praised the design of Ar Deco and its red. Bridge records would soon be broken in the future, but it still keeps its popularity and cult status to this day.

Tower Bridge

In the 19th century, the London Bridge was the only way to cross the River Thames. Since London has grown, East Side became a lively port, and it became obvious that a new bridge is needed. Planning began in 1884, when the design was selected from 50 projects. It took 8 years, 432 workers, and more than 11,000 tons of steel to build what we know now as the Tower Bridge. Prince Wales opened the bridge in 1894. The bridge has become one of the most recognizable in the world because of its cult design. He has 2 towers at the ends of each shore. The middle part of the bridge can climb up and down using hydraulics to allow the ships to swim by. The bridge is not only the symbol of London, but also of the UK.

Ponte Vecchio.

Ponte Vecchio is a medieval bridge located in Florence and crossing the Arno River. He is so ancient, which refers to the period of Roman times. Dried by flooding in 1333, Ponte Vecchio was restored in 1345 Taddeo Guddi. In 1565, Georgio Vazar was authorized to modernize the bridge, and the top corridor was added. This bridge is known for the fact that there are residential premises within it. Initially, however, these were workshops, where artisans produced their products. In 1593, they were replaced by jewelers, because they produced too much garbage and caused a dirty stench. Ponte Vecchio was the only bridge in Florence, who survived the second world war.