How to get rid of pressure at work. The boss is leaving the team

18.03.2016 10:34:45

In this section we will answer questions such as: What is the stage of cancer? What are the stages of cancer? What is the initial stage of cancer? What is stage 4 cancer? What is the prognosis for each stage of cancer? What do the letters TNM mean when describing the stage of cancer?
When a person is told that he has been diagnosed with cancer, the first thing he wants to know is: stage And forecast. Many cancer patients are afraid to find out the stage of their disease. Patients are afraid of stage 4 cancer, thinking that this is a death sentence and the prognosis is only unfavorable. But in modern oncology, an early stage does not guarantee a good prognosis, just as a late stage of the disease is not always synonymous with an unfavorable prognosis. There are many side factors that affect the prognosis and course of the disease. These include (mutations, Ki67 index, cell differentiation), its localization, the type of metastases detected.

Staging tumors into groups depending on their prevalence is necessary to take into account data on tumors of a particular location, treatment planning, taking into account prognostic factors, assessing treatment results and monitoring malignant neoplasms. In other words, determining the stage of cancer is necessary in order to plan the most effective treatment tactics, as well as for the work of statisticians.

TNM classification

Exists special system staging of each cancer disease, which is accepted by all national health committees, is TNM classification of malignant neoplasms, which was developed by Pierre Denoit in 1952. With the development of oncology, it has gone through several revisions, and at the moment the seventh edition, published in 2009, is current. It contains the latest rules for the classification and staging of cancer.

The TNM classification for describing the prevalence of neoplasms is based on 3 components:

First - T(lat. Tumor- tumor). This indicator determines the extent of the tumor, its size, and growth into surrounding tissues. Each location has its own gradation from the smallest tumor size ( T0), to the largest ( T4).
Second component - N(lat. Nodus- node), it indicates the presence or absence of metastases in the lymph nodes. Just as in the case of the T component, each tumor location has its own rules for determining this component. The gradation comes from N0(absence of affected lymph nodes), up to N3(widespread damage to the lymph nodes).
Third - M(Greek Metastasis- movement) – indicates the presence or absence of distant metastases to various organs. The number next to the component indicates the degree of prevalence of the malignant neoplasm. So, M0 confirms the absence of distant metastases, and M1- their presence. After the designation M, the name of the organ in which distant metastasis was detected is usually written in parentheses. For example M1 (oss) means that there are distant metastases in the bones, and M1 (bra)- that metastases were found in the brain. For other organs, use the designations given in the table below.

Also, in special situations, an additional letter is placed before the TNM designation. These are additional criteria indicated by the symbols “c“, “р”, “m”, “y”, “r” And "a".

- Symbol "c" means that the stage is established according to non-invasive examination methods.

- Symbol "p" says that the stage of the tumor was established after surgery.

- "m" symbol used to refer to cases where several primary tumors are located in the same area.

- Symbol "y" used in cases where the tumor is assessed during or immediately after antitumor treatment. The prefix "y" takes into account the extent of the tumor before the start of complex treatment. Values ycTNM or ypTNM characterize the extent of the tumor at the time of diagnosis using non-invasive methods or after surgery.

- "r" symbol used in the assessment of recurrent tumors after a relapse-free period.

- Character "a", used as a prefix, indicates that the tumor is classified after autopsy (autopsy after death).

Histological classification of cancer stages

In addition to the TNM classification, there is classification according to histological features of the tumor. They call her degree of malignancy (Grade, G). This sign indicates how active and aggressive the tumor is. The degree of tumor malignancy is indicated as follows:

GX- the degree of tumor differentiation cannot be determined (little data);
G1- highly differentiated tumor (non-aggressive);
G2- moderately differentiated tumor (moderately aggressive);
G3- low-grade tumor (highly aggressive);
G4- undifferentiated tumor (highly aggressive);

The principle is very simple - the higher the number, the more aggressive and active the tumor behaves. Recently, grades G3 and G4 have been combined into G3-4, and this is called “poorly differentiated - undifferentiated tumor.”

Only after the tumor has been classified according to the TNM system can grouping by stages be performed. Determining the extent of the spread of the tumor process according to the TNM system or stages is very important for the selection and assessment of the necessary treatment methods, while histological classification allows us to obtain the most accurate characteristics of the tumor and predict the prognosis of the disease and possible response to treatment.

Determination of cancer stage: 0 - 4

Determining the stage of cancer directly depends on the TNM classification of the cancer. Based on TNM staging, most tumors are staged as described in the table below, but each cancer location has different staging requirements. We will look at the simplest and most common examples.

Traditionally Stages of cancer are usually designated from 0 to 4. Each stage, in turn, may have letter designations A and B, which divides it into two more substages, depending on the prevalence of the process. Below we will look at the most common stages of cancer.

We would like to draw your attention to the fact that in our country many people like to say “grade of cancer” instead of “stage of cancer.” Various websites contain questions about: “grade 4 cancer”, “survival rate for stage 4 cancer”, “grade 3 cancer”. Remember - there are no degrees of cancer, there are only stages of cancer, which we will discuss below.

Stages of cancer using the example of an intestinal tumor

Stage 0 cancer

As such, stage 0 does not exist; it is called "cancer is in place" "carcinoma in situ"- which means non-invasive tumor. Stage 0 can be for cancer of any location.

At stage 0 cancer, the boundaries of the tumor do not extend beyond the epithelium that gave rise to the tumor. With early detection and timely initiation of treatment, the prognosis for stage 0 cancer is almost always favorable, that is Stage 0 cancer is completely curable in the vast majority of cases.

Stage 1 cancer

The first stage of cancer is characterized by a fairly large tumor node, but the absence of damage to the lymph nodes and the absence of metastases. Recently, there has been a trend towards an increase in the number of tumors detected at stage 1, which indicates the awareness of people and the good quality of diagnosis. The prognosis for the first stage of cancer is favorable, the patient can count on a cure, the main thing is to start adequate treatment as quickly as possible.

Stage 2 cancer

Unlike the first, at the second stage of cancer the tumor is already active. The second stage of cancer is characterized by an even larger tumor size and its growth into surrounding tissues, as well as the beginning of metastasis to the nearest lymph nodes.

Stage 2 cancer is considered the most common stage of cancer at which cancer is diagnosed. The prognosis for stage 2 cancer depends on many factors, including the location and histological features of the tumor. In general, stage 2 cancer can be successfully treated.

Stage 3 cancer

At the third stage of cancer, the oncological process actively develops. The tumor reaches even larger sizes, growing into nearby tissues and organs. At the third stage of cancer, metastases to all groups of regional lymph nodes are already reliably determined.

The third stage of cancer does not involve distant metastases to various organs, which is a positive point and determines a favorable prognosis.

The prognosis for stage 3 cancer is influenced by factors such as: location, degree of tumor differentiation and general state patient. All these factors can either aggravate the course of the disease, or, conversely, help prolong the life of a cancer patient. To the question whether stage 3 cancer is curable, the answer will be negative, since at such stages cancer already becomes a chronic disease, but can be successfully treated.

Stage 4 cancer

Stage four cancer is considered the most serious stage of cancer. The tumor can reach impressive sizes, invade surrounding tissues and organs, and metastasize to the lymph nodes. In stage 4 cancer, distant metastases are required, in other words, metastatic organ damage.

There are rare cases when stage 4 cancer can be diagnosed in the absence of distant metastases. Large, poorly differentiated, fast-growing tumors are also often classified as stage 4 cancer. There is no cure for stage 4 cancer, as well as for stage 3 cancer. At the fourth stage of cancer, the disease takes on a chronic course, and it is only possible to put the disease into remission.

Correct classification will help you get an idea of the type of tumor, its growth and size, and will indicate its distribution in the body. Having all these characteristics, we can confidently predict the course of the disease and the outcome of treatment.

Types of classifications of lung cancer

Morphological (histological) classification:

Small cell cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
Mixed

Clinical and anatomical classification of lung cancer:

International classification according to the TNM system
Classification according to the prevalence of tumor in the body

Morphological classification

Histological classification is the main type of classification in prognosis and treatment.

Depending on the elements of the bronchial epithelium, the following types of lung cancer are distinguished:

– one of the most common forms, occurs in 50-60% of patients. , occurs 30 times more often than in the fairer sex. It mainly affects long-term smokers. Squamous cell carcinoma is located in the central parts of the lungs, which in turn has a very negative effect on treatment. This malignant tumor is often diagnosed in late stages with pronounced symptoms.

() it accounts for 20 to 25% of all lung tumors, occurs 2 times more often in men than in men, and in 80% of cases is localized in the peripheral parts of the lungs. Unlike squamous cell carcinoma, it is characterized by slow growth, and the size of the tumor can remain unchanged for several months, despite this, the tumor is the most aggressive.

(undifferentiated carcinoma or large cell lung cancer) - so called because of the large round cells that are clearly visible under a microscope.

There are 4 stages of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Stage 1 NSCLC. The tumor does not extend beyond the lungs.
Stage 2 NSCLC. The tumor is increasing in size, there is no spread to other organs or damage to the lymph nodes.
Stage 3 NSCLC. A malignant neoplasm affects nearby lymph nodes and the chest cavity.
Stage 4 NSCLC. Lung cancer metastasizes throughout the body.

In central lung cancer, the most common are squamous and small cell forms of tumor, and in peripheral cancer, on the contrary, adenocarcinoma is more common.

It is also possible to have other types of tumors, which are much less common than SCLC and NSCLC.

They make up 5-10% of all lung cancer cases.

5% are bronchial carcinoids. The tumor is not so aggressive, its size does not exceed 3-4 cm in diameter. The age limit for the occurrence of this tumor is 35-40 years.
Carcinoid tumors. This type of tumor is capable of metastasis. Its development has nothing to do with smoking. The growth and development of carcinoid tumors occurs more slowly than bronchogenic cancer. This type of neoplasm is diagnosed quite often on early stage development, which allows the neoplasm to be removed surgically.

Important! Quite rarely, malignant tumors form in the lungs from auxiliary tissues. These may be smooth muscle, blood vessels, or cells involved in the immune response. Very often, tumors that are diagnosed in the lungs are the result of metastasis of another primary neoplasm. Cancer can metastasize through the bloodstream, lymphatic system, or directly from nearby organs, from any organ to the one that is most weakened, where it settles and begins to progress, already as a secondary malignant neoplasm. They are usually concentrated in the peripheral areas of the lung and scattered throughout the lung tissue.

Mixed cancer - squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung, adenocarcinoma and small cell, etc.

Classification by cellular structure

Lung cancer, the classification of a tumor by cellular structure is most often used to assess the aggressiveness of its growth and development - the tumor can have the structure of adenocarcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma.

The following types of lung cancer are distinguished:

Highly differentiated lung cancer (tumor cells are practically no different from normal cells). Well-differentiated lung cancer has a slower growth rate and metastasis.;

Moderately differentiated (average degree of difference);

Poorly differentiated lung cancer and undifferentiated lung cancer (in this case, cancer cells almost completely lose their “similarity” to those from which they originated). Undifferentiated forms, on the contrary, grow more quickly and aggressively, increasing the formation of foci of tumor growth () and the prognosis is more unfavorable.

Clinical and anatomical classification

Central (hilar) lung cancer accounts for 65% of all lung tumors. Affects large bronchi (segmental, main lobar). The right lung is most often affected. The tumor gives clinical manifestations faster than others. The growth of the tumor into the bronchial lumen causes some destruction of the mucous membrane and narrowing of the bronchial lumen, which causes the appearance of the first symptoms: cough with sputum discharge. Frequent, sometimes hacking coughs injure the tumor, leading to the appearance of blood in the sputum. Even a small polyp-like bronchial cancer can cause narrowing of the lumen and difficulty in ventilation of the part of the lung corresponding to the bronchus, especially during exhalation, as a result of which breathing sometimes takes on a wheezing character.

Peripheral lung cancer develops from the epithelium of small bronchi (starting from the distal segmental bronchi), bronchioles and alveoli. In this case, carcinogenic agents, as was established in experiments, usually enter the lungs by hematogenous or lymphogenous route. Often, peripheral lung cancer in humans is not associated with smoking or inhalation of harmful occupational dust.

Atypical lung cancer is characterized by the presence of multiple metastases to the lymph nodes and a clearly defined primary lesion in the lung. The first symptoms are swelling of the face and neck, shortness of breath, dry cough, and sometimes a sudden change in voice timbre (due to compression of the recurrent nerve by the tumor). In the last stages of the disease, the clinical picture is determined by the presence of mediastinal syndrome: chest pain, peripheral lymphospasm and stenotic breathing caused by compression of the mediastinal organs, recurrent nerve, and esophagus.

These malignant formations differ in localization, symptoms and clinical manifestations. Of particular importance is the growth of malignant tumors. A tumor that spreads into the lumen of the bronchus creates a threat to obstruction, which will lead to blockage of the lumen and pneumonia. A tumor with endophytic growth does not create obstacles to bronchial patency for a long time. Peribronchial growth also occurs, in which the tissue is located around the bronchus.

Important! Correct classification of lung cancer makes it possible to see the full picture of the disease, determine the type of cancer and its spread beyond the lesion.

International classification of lung cancer according to the TNM system

Primary tumor (T):

TC – there is insufficient data to assess the primary tumor or it is determined only by the presence of tumor cells in sputum, bronchial lavage waters, but is not detected either by imaging methods or by bronchoscopy.
TO - the primary tumor is not determined;
T is - cancer in situ;
T 1 - in the greatest dimension the tumor is no more than 3 cm. After bronchoscopy there are no signs of invasion of the lobar bronchus (the main bronchus is not involved);
T1a - the tumor is no more than 2 cm in its greatest dimension;
T1b - tumor size from 2 to 3 cm;
T 2 - tumor size from 3 to 7 cm. X The tumor is characterized by the signs listed below:

involvement of the main bronchus, the proximal edge of the tumor is located at least 2 cm from the carina of the tracheal bifurcation (Carina trachealis) or accompanied by atelectasis, but not the entire lung;
a tumor of any size growing into the pleura;
a tumor that is accompanied by atelectasis or obstructive pneumonia spreads to the root of the lung, but does not affect the entire lung;

T2a - tumor size from 3 to 5 cm;
T2b - tumor size from 5 to 7 cm;
T 3 - the tumor size exceeds 7 cm (the tumor can be of completely different sizes), and can progress to:

chest wall;
diaphragm;
phrenic nerve;
mediastinal pleura;
parietal layer of pericardium;
may affect the main bronchus.

T 4 - a large tumor that spreads to the mediastinum, heart, large vessels, trachea, laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebra; separate tumor foci may appear.

Regional lymph nodes (N):

N x - no assessments;
N O - no signs of metastasis of regional lymph nodes;
N 1 - metastatic lesion of the ipsilateral, pulmonary, bronchopulmonary or lymph nodes of the lung root, including their involvement through direct spread of the tumor itself;
N 2 - metastatic lesion of the ipsilateral mediastinal lymph nodes;
N 3 - damage to the mediastinal lymph nodes or the root of the lung on the opposite side, preleschial or supraclavicular lymph nodes on the affected side or on the opposite side.

Distant metastases (M):

MX - no rating;
M 0 - no signs of metastases;
M l - there are distant metastases;
M 1a - tumor foci in the opposite lung; tumor with pleural foci or accompanied by malignant pleural or pericardial effusion;
M lb - distant metastases.

Exists new technique definitions in accordance with and modified reasonable symbols “T” It is very important that according to the new classification, SCLC and carcinoid tumors are staged with a great delay.

The interpretation of the “N2” symbol has remained unchanged, which in turn is interpreted with various long-term results and leads to pseudoscientific conclusions and the impossibility the right choice at stages III and III. The detail of the “N2” symbol is very important. Among patients with lung cancer, stage III A prevails. This point of view is supported by the majority of oncologists and thoracic surgeons around the world.

The latest International Classification according to the TNM system proposes a method for assessing the detection of isolated tumor cells identified in lymph nodes or in organs distant from the primary tumor.

Classification of stages of lung cancer

Stage 0 lung cancer. The earliest form of lung cancer. The tumor is very small. There is no damage to the mediastinal organs and lymph nodes.
Stage 1 lung cancer. The size of the tumor does not exceed 3 cm in diameter. There is no involvement of the pleura and regional lymph nodes.
Stage 2 lung cancer. The tumor size is from 3 to 5 cm, there are metastases in the bronchial lymph nodes.
Stage 3a lung cancer. Tumor of any size involving the pleura and chest wall. There are metastases in the bronchial or mediastinal lymph nodes on the opposite side.
Stage 3b lung cancer. Tumor of any size. Affects mediastinal organs: blood vessels, esophagus, spine, heart.
Stage 4 lung cancer. The cancer has metastasized throughout the body.

Depending on the stage of lung cancer, the prognosis for treatment results also varies. The most favorable prognosis is for stage 0 lung cancer. Stages 1 and 2 have a more comforting prognosis, which ranges from 40 to 70%. Stage 3 lung cancer, how long do patients live at this stage of development of lung cancer? There are chances for a favorable outcome, but they are significantly reduced in accordance with stages 1 and 2 and amount to only 30%. The last stage 4 of lung cancer has the most unfavorable prognosis. Helping a person get rid of cancer and even achieve long-term remission (stopping the disease) is almost impossible.

Diagnosis of the presence of metastases in lung cancer is of great importance. Lung cancer with metastases, as a rule, is subject to only palliative treatment, and vice versa, the absence of metastases gives a good chance of success of radical surgery.

Informative video: morphological classification of lung cancer

Be healthy!

Date of publication: 04/15/16

We spend most of our lives at work. This is why the atmosphere in the team is so important. Agree, when relationships with colleagues are smooth, and gossip and rumors do not accompany every working day, then work is much easier and more enjoyable. But what should you do if you are a victim of bullying at work? And from the side of the immediate superior...

If pressure from colleagues is called the newfangled word “”, then for cases when the initiator of the war against an ordinary employee is the boss, a separate term has been identified - “bossing”. According to statistics, 55% of workplace harassment cases are initiated or even with the direct participation of a manager.

If your boss once gave you a dressing down for submitting a report on time, there is no reason to worry, these are just work issues. “Bossing” is a series of carefully planned actions aimed at eliminating a particular employee from the team. In this case, the employee is systematically humiliated in front of his colleagues, the results of his work are deliberately not noticed, he is given deliberately failed projects and set unrealistic deadlines, in order to then again publicly point out his unsuitability.

Nothing in life happens “suddenly”. What are the reasons for “bossing”?

— some managers simply assert themselves at the expense of their employees according to the principle “I want execution, I want honey.” Such bosses are elementary tyrants, and it is better not to work under them - your psyche will be healthier;

- the boss (and more often the boss) simply does not have enough personal life. When arranging a kind of “Brazilian TV series” in the workplace, the manager simply has fun by coloring his gray life;

- the manager simply does not correspond to his position in terms of professionalism and human qualities. Instead of creating a healthy atmosphere in the team, it demotivates employees; - your place needs to be freed up for the “protégé”. A difficult option, because when you need to find the right person, there is practically no chance of salvation.

How can you tell if you are a victim of bossing?

— The boss’s claims are unfounded, there are no arguments, and no one asks you about ways to solve the problem.

— The authorities “wrap up” all your ideas and refuse to accept you under various obviously far-fetched pretexts.

— Your tasks are passed on to your colleagues, they “forget” to invite you to a meeting, and they set deliberately unrealistic deadlines.

— Colleagues, seeing the attitude of their superiors towards you, also begin to be rude, or openly ignore you. — The results of your work turn out to be unnecessary.

Bossing – leave or fight?

You yourself understand that there are only two options - quit to the delight of your boss, or fight for your place in the company. It’s easier, of course, to give up, but if your job is important to you, prepare yourself for a long and difficult struggle to restore your professional image.

- Make sure that you are a pro in your field, and no one can accuse you of ignorance. Improve your knowledge, attend advanced training courses, in general, be in good shape so that ill-wishers have nothing to undermine.

- Don’t let them drag you into office intrigue, don’t spread gossip and don’t give them a reason to make up fairy tales about themselves. Follow the rules of business correspondence, do not keep important documents on your desk - in such a situation it is better to be overly vigilant than to become a victim of provocation.

- Try to make up your mind and openly discuss the current situation with your boss. Typically, office dictators love it when someone depends on them, so they are happy to “condescend” to the victim. Perhaps if you recognize the boss’s authority and ask for advice, the situation will change radically. — Don’t lose your temper in any situation, and remember that you are a free person, and at any time you can leave a job that doesn’t suit you. Internal balance and agreement with oneself are worth more than any salary.

We spend the main part of our life, in addition to sleep, on work, so it is desirable that work brings not only material, but also mental satisfaction. And this is only possible if there is a calm atmosphere in the team, when colleagues and superiors treat each other kindly.

You are lucky if you managed to get into just such a team. And if not? If they “eat you up”, pushing you with the most unpromising projects, loading you with the most routine work and even sometimes insulting you? This is especially often done by the bosses themselves, wanting to take their place with their friend or relative. Colleagues often encourage each other to move up.

So, you were starved to death. What to do - quit your job or try to hold on to it?

Option two:

1. Really quit– health is more valuable. If you feel that you are becoming unbearable, and your work (bosses, colleagues) is so boring that you can no longer look at a mountain of papers without nausea and go here as if it were hard labor, is it worth torturing yourself further?

2. Reclaim your place. If you love what you do, especially when you've been working here for several years and know every detail, try to compete for yourself:

If you are truly a professional in your field, no one will undermine you. To keep up with the times, master all the innovations, carefully study the latest instructions, etc.;

Do not provoke aggression from your superiors and do not stoop to their level if they are deliberately rude to you. Even if your boss is a real tyrant, he is the boss for now, not you;

If you feel that you are being “pressured,” do not be afraid to discuss this problem with your superiors, especially if they consider themselves to be high-flying birds, sometimes forced to condescend to their subordinates. Who knows, maybe after this your boss will start treating you better;

Do not gossip about your superiors or other employees, and do not allow such gossip to be spread about yourself;

Hide important office documents in a lockable desk or safe. I know of several cases where one colleague stole important documentation from another’s desk, thereby exposing him to attack. Be extremely careful.

Be that as it may, do not forget about your dignity and try to maintain iron restraint. And remember - you are absolutely free (slavery has long been abolished), so you can get up and leave at any time. I repeat – health and peace of mind are much more important. Or are you waiting for a monument to be erected to you?

I'll give you my example. I worked at Sberbank for about 10 years. IN Last year work with superiors has deteriorated greatly. I'm tired of being pushed around like an errand girl, and not being promoted further (10 years as a simple operator!). The boss, that “tyrant” who is accustomed to stomping her foot and can bark at any employee simply because bad mood Naturally, she didn’t like all this, and she began to set me up. And also, as I found out later, she wanted to put another employee in my place, simply a sycophant. And I went to another bank, where people are considered people, and not consumables. The main thing is not to be afraid to change your life.

Irina Davydova

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Every group and society has its own “scapegoat”. Usually it becomes a person who is simply not like others. And a team does not always need a special reason for bullying - most often, mobbing (and this is what bullying, terror in a team is called) occurs spontaneously and without good reason.

Where do the legs of mobbing come from, and is it possible to protect against it?

Reasons for mobbing – where does bullying at work begin and why exactly did you become a victim of mobbing?

The concept itself appeared among us recently, although the history of the phenomenon dates back hundreds of centuries. To put it in a nutshell, Mobbing is bullying by a group of one person . As a rule, at work.

What are the reasons for the phenomenon?

Not like everyone else.
As soon as a “white crow” appears in the team, such a person is “without trial or investigation” recognized as a stranger and, with a cry of “here,” they begin to persecute. This happens automatically, unconsciously. What if this “black sheep” is a “sent Cossack”? Just in case, let's terrorize him. To know. This situation usually arises in a team that is a “stagnant swamp” - that is, a group of people with an already established climate, communication style, etc. In new teams, where all employees start from scratch, mobbing is a rare phenomenon.
Internal tension in the team.
If the psychological climate in the team is difficult (ill-organized work, dictatorial boss, gossip instead of lunch, etc.), then sooner or later the “dam” will break, and the discontent of the employees will spill out on the first person who comes to hand. That is, to the weakest. Or someone who, at the moment of an outburst of collective emotions, accidentally provokes employees into aggression.
Idleness.
There are also such groups, sad as it may be. Employees who are not overloaded with work suffer from idleness, focused not on completing any task, but on killing time. And any workaholic in such a team runs the risk of getting into trouble. Like, “What do you need more than everyone else? Can’t you do anything else but cower in front of your boss, Judas?” This situation usually arises in those teams where it is impossible to climb the career ladder if you are not one of the boss’s favorites. And even if a person really fulfills his duties responsibly (and does not show off in front of his superiors), they begin to harass him even before the boss notices him.
Bullying from above.
If the boss doesn’t like an employee, then most of the team tunes in to the management’s wave, supporting the pressure of the poor fellow. More the situation is more complicated, when an undesirable employee is terrorized because of her close relationship with her boss. Read also:
Envy.
For example, to the rapidly developing career of an employee, to his personal qualities, financial well-being, happiness in family life, appearance, etc.
Self-affirmation.
Not only in children's teams, but also, alas, in adult teams, many prefer to assert themselves (psychologically) at the expense of weaker employees.
Victim complex.
There are people with certain psychological problems who are simply not able to “take a hit.” The reasons for “self-humiliation” are low self-esteem, demonstration of one’s helplessness and weakness, cowardice, etc. Such an employee himself “provokes” his colleagues to mobbing.

In addition to the main reasons for mobbing, there are others (organizational). If internal atmosphere companies are conducive to the emergence of collective terror (incompetence of the boss, lack of feedback from superiors or subordination, connivance regarding intrigues, etc.) - sooner or later someone will fall under the mobbing rink.

Types of mobbing - consequences of bullying in the workplace

There are many types of mobbing, we will highlight the main, most “popular” ones:

Horizontal mobbing.
This type of terror involves the oppression of one employee by his colleagues.
Vertical mobbing (bossing).
Psychological terror on the part of the leader.
Latent mobbing.
A hidden form of pressure on an employee, when through various actions (isolation, boycott, ignoring, throwing a spanner in the works, etc.) they are told that they are an unwanted person in the team.
Vertical latent mobbing.
In this case, the boss demonstratively does not notice the employee, ignores all his initiatives, gives him the most difficult or hopeless work, blocks career advancement, etc.
Open mobbing.
An extreme degree of terror, when not only ridicule is used, but also insults, humiliation, outright bullying and even damage to property.

What are the consequences of mobbing for the victim of terror?

Rapid development of psychological instability (vulnerability, uncertainty, helplessness).
The appearance of phobias.
Fall in self-esteem.
Stress, depression, exacerbation of chronic diseases.
Loss of concentration and decreased performance.
Unmotivated aggression.

How to deal with mobbing - expert advice on what to do and how to resist bullying at work

It is possible and necessary to fight terrorism at work! How?

If you are “lucky enough” to become a victim of mobbing, First, understand the situation. Conduct an analysis and find out why this is happening. Of course, you can quit, but if you don’t understand the reasons for the bullying, you risk changing jobs again and again.
Do they want to push you out of the team? Are they waiting for you to give up and quit? Do not give up. Prove that you are the exception to the rule, an employee who cannot be replaced. Ignore all attacks and barbs, behave confidently and politely, do your job without stooping to retaliatory barbs or insults.
Avoid professional mistakes and be alert– carefully analyze each situation in order to notice the “planted pig” in time.
Don't let the situation take its course. It’s one thing to ignore ridicule, another thing to remain silent when they openly wipe their feet on you. Your weakness and “tolerance” will not pity the terrorists, but will turn them even more against you. You shouldn't be hysterical either. The best position is in Russian, with honor, dignity and as politely as possible.
Bring the main instigator of the bullying (“puppeteer”) into conversation. Sometimes a heart-to-heart conversation quickly returns the situation to normal.

Dialogue is always smarter and more productive than any other way to resolve a conflict

Carry a voice recorder or video camera with you. If the situation gets out of control, at least you will have evidence (for example, to present it in court or to your superiors).
Don’t be naive and don’t believe the phrase “the victim of mobbing is usually not to blame.” Both sides are always to blame, a priori. Yes, the situation was provoked not by you, but by the team (or boss), but why? There is no point in panicking, wringing your hands and engaging in self-criticism, but analyzing the reasons for this attitude towards you will be very useful. It may well turn out that mobbing is in fact simply a collective rejection of your arrogance, arrogance, careerism, etc. In any case, the infantile position of the “ostrich” will not solve the problem of mobbing. Learn to talk less and hear and see more - a wise and observant person will never become a victim of mobbing.
If you are an intelligent person, your powers of observation are fine, you don’t suffer from arrogance and arrogance, but they terrorize you for your individuality, then learn to defend it . That is, simply ignore other people’s rejection of your position (appearance, style, etc.). Sooner or later everyone will get tired of picking on you and calm down. True, this only works if your individuality does not interfere with your work.
If the bullying is just beginning, fight back firmly. If you immediately demonstrate that this number will not work with you, then most likely the terrorists will retreat.
Mobbing is akin to psychological vampirism. And vampires, terrorizing the victim, certainly thirst for “blood” - a response. And if neither aggression, nor hysteria, nor even irritation comes from you, then interest in you will quickly cool down. The main thing is not to break down. Be patient.

Dismissal is the path of the person who waves the white flag. That is, complete defeat. But if you feel that terror at work is gradually turning you into nervous man with dark circles under his eyes, who at night dreams of a Kalashnikov assault rifle in his hands, then perhaps rest will really benefit you . At least in order to treat stress, reconsider your behavior, understand the situation and, having learned the lessons, find a more cordial team.