The main properties of the human nervous system and their characteristics. Properties of the nervous system as a natural base of individuality Natural properties of the nervous system

SUBJECT: (Temperament. Feelings and emotions. Stress)

1. TARGET : show the student in the connection of temperament and nervous system with a profession. Reveal the effect of feelings, emotions and stress on general state man.

Tasks:

2. Educational -show students with the connection of temperament and nervous system with a profession. The influence of feelings, emotions and stress on the general state of a person.

3. Developing -the ability to determine the type of temperament.

4. Raising - Truthfulness in the estimation of the type of temperament. The ability to control your own feelings and emotions.

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training and trajectories of further education. "

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Lesson plan

SUBJECT: The significance of the natural properties of the nervous system in the profession.(Temperament. Feelings and emotions. Stress)

TARGET : show students with the connection of temperament and nervous system with a profession. Open the influence of feelings, emotions and stress on the general condition of a person.

Tasks:

Educational -show students with the connection of temperament and nervous system with a profession. The influence of feelings, emotions and stress on the general state of a person.
Developing - the ability to determine the type of temperament.
Raising - Truthfulness in the estimation of the type of temperament. The ability to control your own feelings and emotions.

Equipment: 1. Tutorial S.N. Cleaner "Slit Profile Selection

training and trajectories of further education. "

2. Additional distribution material.

During the classes:

Temperament and profession.

On everyday joys and sophistication of life, you need to be a Sanguine, in important events Life - Melancholik, regarding the impositions, deeply affecting our interests, - by a choleric, and, finally, in the performance of decisions - phlegmatic.

V.Vundt

In the fifth century, the great scientist Hippocrat lived in Greece, in whose nature there were 17 generations of doctors. Experience and observation helped him to describe it now famous types People: Sanguinika, choleric, phlegmatics and melancholic. Four temperaments Hippocrat compared with four elements: fire, earth, water, air. Harmony of four elements creates life on earth, the harmony of four began in man allows him to live full life. "Greek genius Hippocrat caught in the mass of countless variants of human behavior of capital traits," the great Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov wrote, who developed the ideas of hippocratic.

Task number 1. Temperament and properties of the nervous system.

Temperament - quality biological, congenital, and not acquired. The temperament determines and provides speed, strength and equilibrium of our reactions. It manifests itself in thinking, speech, manner of communication. But the temperament does not affect the interests, success, intelligence, business qualities. Ivan Pavlov allocated the same types of the nervous system and in dogs.

Unlike dogs, we can realize our qualities and work with them.

Task number 1. Determination of temperament.

13. It is easy for me.

24. I can be late.

30. Sometimes I'm talking about things in which I do not understand.

31. I often dream nightmares.

32. I can easily communicate with an unfamiliar person.

33. Sometimes it seems to me that I am something worse than others.

34. I think that I am a confident person.

35. Critica hurts me.

36. I have some bad habits.

37. I can make a revival in a boring company.

38. I worry about my health.

39. I love to cheat over others.

40. It is difficult for me to answer "no" when they ask me about something.

Each negative Answer to questions№ 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 Estimated in one score. The fewer points, the higher the accuracy of the test results. If you scored more than three points, you may have subconsciously sought to give "good", "right" answers.

Calculate the number of yourspositive Replies to questions№1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 14, 16, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 32, 34, 37,39 .

Write down the amount on the lineExtraversion (sociability).

0-5 points . If you scored less than 6 points, you are introvert. Introvert (from Latin "Intro", which means "inside") oriented to his inner world, he lives with his feelings, thoughts, experiences, rethinking events and phenomena through its internal experience and not experiencing a special need for communicating with other people. Your inner world is probably so rich and interesting that you have enough of your society. Among those you deprive the opportunity to communicate with you, you probably have wonderful people. If there are abilities you will achieve success in science, art, crafts that require accuracy, accuracy and concentration of attention.

The need for communication is expressed in less than others. Therefore, the profession of the seller, the doctor, teachers, a lawyer, a journalist, the manager will be tired of you. Pay attention to the types of activities that are not related to wide human contacts - programming, design, creativity, work with texts, with animals and plants.

6-11 points . For people of your type in psychology there is a special term - an ambiver (from Latin "AMBI" - dual). This is a universal type of personality, a golden middle. You are selective in communication. You like to be with people, but you don't care who surrounds you. You feel well in the company, but you can easily refuse it. Loneliness does not scare you. You are not only suitable for professions associated with communication, but also requiring the ability to work alone.

12-17 points . If you scored more than 12 points, you are an extrovert. Extravert (from Latin "Extra", which means "over", "outside", "outside") is a person who is focused on the external objects and circumstances, on the opinion of other people, to external, status attributes. This focus is manifested in its decisions and attitude to life. A person of this type can be so enthusiastic as his business, career, which does not pay attention to the state of health.

You like to be the center of attention. For the sake of the company you can neglect other affairs. Classes requiring perpetuity and patience give you an effort of will. Probably, the professions will come to you, requiring intensive communication with buyers, customers, patients, students, students, passengers. If you not only love, but also know how to communicate, then you will be suitable professions related to frequent meetings, negotiations, consultations. Professions requiring patience and prettiness (work with a computer, research, calculations and calculations) will be given to you at the cost of great effort and nervous voltage.

Calculate the number of yourspositive Replies to questions№ 2, 4, 7, 9, 10, 13, 15, 17, 20, 22, 26, 28, 31, 33, 35, 38, 40 .

Write down the amount on the lineStability.

0-5 points . It is difficult for you to remove from equilibrium. You are cool and calm. The experiences of many people are incomprehensible to you. You will rather help the case than you will express your sympathy in words. Professions requiring self-control and ability to risk seem to be created for you. If only this is not a superman mask (or superwomen).

You are able to withstand large emotional loads. Pay attention to the profession of surgeon, military, law enforcement officer, test tube, rescuer.

6-11 points . Emotional stability. You successfully combine the stability and sensitivity of the nervous system. You are easier than many cope with life difficulties and at the same time can understand and feel the emotional state of another person, support it. If you have a need to communicate with other people, pay attention to such areas of activity as service, training, upbringing, medicine, management.

12-17 points . You probably take to heart not only your problems, but also the problems of your friends and acquaintances. Your willingness to come to the rescue to another person probably like other people. There are a lot of professions, where this quality is professionally important. For example, all professions social sphere. Art people also have special susceptibility, sensitivity and vulnerability.

Nature rewarded you with a thinner nervous system than other people. If you remember this, then the world will be perceived much calmer. Your responsiveness is probably attracts people who need your sympathy. But first of all, you must yourself to gain strength and confidence.

We defined two parameters -extroversion and stability . Mark on the horizontal axis the amount of score points"Extraversion" (sociability), and on the vertical - the amount of scores on the scale"Stability."

If you marked the axes of coordinates of both points, you can easily determine your temperament. The further you from the center, the brighter you have the features of one of four temperaments. If your point turned out to be on one of the two axes, it means that you manage to combine the features of two temperaments. If you "hit the apple", that is, to the center, you can congratulate you: you combine the features of all four temperaments. Let's hope that the best.

Four squares in the picture are four temperaments.

Any group of people works more efficient if there are representatives of all temperaments in it.Melancholic The first feel, in which direction you need to start a search.Choleric Perform fearless intelligence officers.Sanguini. They are a source of positive emotions and constantly generate unexpected ideas.Phlegmatic Analyze information and offer a weighted solution.

In pure form, temperatures are rare. In each person there is something from a choleric, a sanguine, phlegmatics and melancholic. The question of which is better to be, does not make sense, as is the question of what time of year is better. Each has its advantages and its cons. It is necessary to know them and act, choosing an effective model of behavior, depending on the situation, without going on with natural qualities, but developing them.

Features of temperament must be taken into account when choosing a profession, but one should not be confused with the character. Kindness and cruelty, diligence and laziness, accuracy and slope - all these features that are not laid from nature, but formed throughout life. Smart or stupid, honest or false, talented or urgent person can be with any temperament. The success of a person does not depend on its temperament, but on the abilities, knowledge, skills, and identity orientation.

Task number 3. Questions for understanding the lesson themes.

1. Cooling and imperturbability are most necessary.

but) officer of law enforcement agencies, B) the teacher, c) locksmare, d) to the cook.

2. For introvert the work is most suitable.

a) lawyer, b) journalist, c) hairdresser, d)corrector.

3. Lead people the hardest

a) Sanguine, b) choleric, c) phlegmatic, d)melancholic.

4. Extravert is better to do

but) scientific activities, b) concrete practical labor, c)customer service, d) calculations and calculations.

a) therapist, b) surgeon , c) oculist, d) x-ray.

Psychological workshop.Definition "Formulas" temperament. (Additional material.)

In most cases, the features of all four types of temperament are combined in people, one of which is stronger than, and others are weaker. Therefore, you can already speak no about temperament, but about the "temperamental structure", which includes all types. To determine it, you need to express your consent ( high scores) or disagreement (low points) with the above statements (estimated system from 0 to 10). If it is difficult to determine the assessment (i.e., if, depending on the circumstances, it happens and so), put yourself the average points - 4, 5, 6, 7.

It is important to evaluate yourself as you can objectively!

Before any important event, I start nervous for me.
I work unevenly, jerks.
I quickly switch from one thing to another.
If necessary, I can quietly wait.
I need sympathy and support, especially with failures and difficulties.

I am unrestrained with people and quick-tempered.
It is not difficult for me to make a choice.
I do not have to restrain my emotions, it turns out by itself.

Fold the number of points on questions, the numbers of which are indicated in the formulas:

M \u003d 1 + 5 \u003d

X \u003d 2 + 6 \u003d

C \u003d 3 + 7 \u003d

F \u003d 4 + 8 \u003d

The corresponding characters are m, s, x, f - write down in descending order of their values.

Symbols with the same values \u200b\u200bwrite one under another. You have received a so-called priority formula, for example, M X with F. Its owner first characterize melancholic features (m), so it can be called melancholic. The signs of choleric (X), Sanguinique (C) and phlegmatics (f) are weaker than pronounced.

(The technique is given in the interpretation of E. Zharikov, E. Krcheelnitsky. For you and about you, M, 1991, p. 23-27.)

IV. Fastening the material. Solution of psychological tasks.

"Determine the temperament"

A. - Remember the famous literary heroes, fairy tale characters, cartoons, etc. Using the "Aizenka circle", try to determine their temperament.

You can offer students the following options:

ilight of the Tugodum Sobesevich (phlegmatic);
unpredictable Welfare Nostrils (Sanguinik);
impulsive recking Othello (choleric);
exactive romantic Hamlet (Melancholic)

or historical personality:

Wings, Kutuzov - phlegmatic;

Napoleon, Boualersche - Sanguiniki;

Suvorov, Mendeleev, Pushkin, Peter I - choleric;

Newton, Gogol, Tchaikovsky - Melancholic.

B. - Try to perform psychological exercisein which your temperament may appear.

Students are proposed to demonstrate natural reaction In the following situations (the answers should be spontaneous, so that schoolchildren really did not spend time on thinking, but reacted quickly as they actually would actually):

Teacher says your clothes do not match appearance Student. You tell the teacher ...

A friend continues to hold you a conversation, and you want to leave. You speak...

People sitting from behind you in the cinema, prevent you with a loud conversation. You access them ...

(The task is fulfilled all the wishes.)

This exercise can be discussed using questions:

What properties of temperament showed each participant in responses?

Compare these observations with test results.

Do they coincide? If not, why? Maybe in this exercise, such qualities of personality appeared as a pupil, general culture, habits, etc.?

Summing up the classes.

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Determining the type of temperament.

Class 9___

Surname ___________________________ Name ______________________

Answer "Yes" or "No" to questions regarding your feelings and reactions in different situations, putting in the form next to the issue number "+" or "-".

1. I often feel the need for new impressions.

2. It is difficult for me to abandon your plans.

3. Usually I act and say quickly, for a long time without thinking.

4. Sometimes I feel unhappy without any reason.

5. For a dispute, I can make an unusual deed.

6. Sometimes I violate my promises.

7. I often change the mood.

8. I like gambling.

9. I have a rapid heartbeat.

10. I often worry because I said or did something wrong.

11. I like the work that requires speed.

12. I had to badly respond about my acquaintances.

13. It is easy for me.

14. It is better to have many buddies than few friends.

15. At times I am overwhelmed with energy, and sometimes everything falls out of the hands.

16. I am more pleasant in the company than to be alone.

17. I have been worried about a long time.

18. I have thoughts that I would like to hide from others.

19. I can give will his feelings and from the soul to have fun in the company.

20. My nerves are often stretched to the limit.

21. I think that I am considered a cheerful man.

22. I often regret the words mentioned or in time.

23. For rudeness, I answer rudeness.

24. I can be late.

25. Usually I am easy and pleasant in a noisy company.

26. Sometimes I interfere with different thoughts.

27. It is easier for me to ask about something else than read by yourself.

28. I often feel the feeling of guilt.

29. I like to be the center of attention.Upper right square. Choleric temperament

People of this temperament are fast, moving, excit. Holeriks have expressive facial expressions, lively speech, sharp movements. His feelings usually quickly arise and pronounced. A choleric with magnification is taken for business, it works with lifting, overcoming difficulties. When the supply of energy is depleted, the mood drops sharply. In communicating with people, a choleric can be cutting, provoking conflict situations. Since the need for communication in cholerians is raised, they often choose professions associated with communication - service sphere, jurisprudence, politics, administration. And this is just the types of activities that require a person's ability to effectively communicate.

Holerik was Alexander Suvorov. From nature he had weak health, and in childhood he was horrified by parents, pouring back in the street in the street cold water. He managed to harden not only the body, but also the Spirit. Having become a great commander, he did not inferlude with his soldiers, sharing with them all the hiking life and surprising with its energy and purposefulness.

Lower left square. Phlegmatic temperament

The completely opposite of Suvorov was phlegmatic Kutuzov. Probably his temperament influenced the choice of strategy with War with Napoleon. Flegmatic people are peaceful, but until they affect their interests. Flegmatism did not prevent the Kutuzov commander to win over Napoleon.

Flegmatics are slow and balanced. They tend to bring the work started to the end. Their feelings are deep, but hidden from prying eyes. Flegmatika is difficult to derive. A person of phlegmatic temperament is easy to develop an excerpt, cooling, calm. But phlegptics should develop the missing quality - greater mobility, activity, not allow him to show indifference to activities, lethargy, inertness that can be very easy to form under certain conditions. Flegmatikov has a tendency to systematic work, the ability to concentrate on the task is thoughtful - the necessary professional quality scientist, researcher.

Low right square. Sanguine temperament

Sanguine quickly converges with people, cheerful, easily switches from one type of activity to another, but does not like monotonous operation. It easily controls his emotions, quickly mastered in the new setting, loves communication. Sanguinik quickly arises feelings of joy, grief, attachment and hostility, but these feelings are shallow. The mood of the Sanguinik is changing rapidly, but, as a rule, prevails good mood. Sanguine temperament does not impose any restrictions on the choice of profession.

The famous commander, Napoleon, was a sanguine. This type of temperament is considered the strongest. However, he did not save Napoleon from the defeat, which inflicted his phlegmatic Kutuzov.

Upper left square. Meancholic temperament

Feelings I. emotional states People in the melancholic temperament are distinguished by a depth, great strength and durability. Melancholics are hardly tolerated, grieving, although it may be poorly manifested. They avoid unfamiliar and new people, often confused, show great awkwardness in the new atmosphere. All new, unusual causes a hidden protest from melancholic. But in the usual and calm atmosphere, people with such temperament feel calm and work very productively. The melancholics are characterized by depth and constancy, acute susceptibility to external influences.

Why there are no famous commander among melancholics?

High sensitivity in combination with the need alone creates not commander, but creators. Most poets, artists, musicians - Melancholic. Their works are the memory of their feelings and experiences. By the power of his talent, they force others to experience their happiness and their suffering. However, there is no rules without exception. The choleric temperament did not prevent Pushkin to become a great poet.

The famous French writer A. Duma was Sanguine. Remember it "Three Musketeers"? Athos, Portos, Aramis and D'Artagnan just represent four temperaments. They complement each other as the four elements or four years of year, and therefore are invincible.

Temperament

Natural properties of the nervous system

Classification of temperaments

The earliest classification of temperaments was given in the second century BC. Claudia Galen, based on the features of metabolic processes.

In the genus of the hippocrate

17 generations of doctors

Hippocrates (Greek doctor and teacher

Ancient Greek philosopher Hippocratian divided all people into 4 groups on the principle of relations in the human body of liquids:

Sanguine - from Sangwis (Blood)
Phlegmatic - from "FLEGMA" (mucus)
Choleric - from "Hole" (bile)
Melancholic - from "Melaine Hole" (black bile)

V century BC

PHLEGMATIC PERSON

Melancholic

Sanguinik

Hippocrat compared four types of temperament with four elements

Fire, earth

Water, air

Harmony of four elements creates life on Earth, the harmony of four began in man allows him to live a full-fledged life

Classification of temperaments

physiologist,
psychologist,
the creator of science about the highest nervous activity,
founder of the largest Russian physiological school
Laureat. Nobel Prize 1904
one of the authoritative scientists of Russia

The classification of I.P.Pavlova is the properties of the nervous system

Temperament determines and provides

mobility, power equilibrium of our reactions

Force – the body's ability to endure

large overload

Equilibrium – excitation and braking the same in terms of severity

Mobility – the ability to excite I.

brakes quickly

remote each other

What is temperament?

Temperament - Individual features of a person who determine his mental activity.

Strong

Weak type of nervous system ( melancholic )

Unbalanced nervous system type ( choleric )

Balanced

Inert type of nervous system ( phlegmatic person )

Movable type of nervous system ( sanguinik )

Extraverted type characterized by the handle of the person to the world around.
It is characterized by impulsiveness, initiative, behavior flexibility, sociability, social adaptation.
Introvert type It is characterized by fixing the interests of the personality on the phenomena inner world: imbumance, closure,

a propensity to self-analysis, the difficulty of social adaptation.

Sanguinik
Giants nervous system. The person is alive, movable, in the spotlight, enjoys respect, easily installs contacts. Optimists. The less is sick, sleep is not enough. Really easily easily experiences failures and trouble. Speech is alive, emotional. The memory is good, grabs on the fly. Have tremendous performance. Usually good workers. But to force the Sanguinik is very difficult to work. He must be interested in - then he will turn the mountains.

Phlegmatic
Strong balanced nervous system. Slow-permanent person. Feelings are constant, but not pronounced. Movement and speech calm, measured. I remembers slowly, but remembers long. The reaction to an unexpected impact is delayed. With difficulty installs, but easily supports familiarity, peace-loving, diligent. Slowly turns on to work, but it is able to withstand significant loads. So that the phlegmatic worked well, it takes it from time to "shake": to arrange a dissemination of the work performed by him, scold or, on the contrary, praise it.

Melancholic
Sensitive, discreet and detailed man. Prefers to be aside. A low-cost. Speech is quiet, it can decline until the whisper. Remembers quickly due to the high ability to analyze. Easily wounded, even minor failures are inclined deeply, but externally restrained. Quickly overwhelmed. Vessels in movements. Very soft, benevolent, but pretty inactive people. Rejoices when it is possible to avoid an unpleasant conversation, although the goal is not achieved.

Choleric
A man is fast, gusty, emotional. Quickly remembers, quickly forgets. Speech is loud, sharp, there is a coarse. The leader easily installs contacts, but hardly supports. Impulsive, prone to conflicts, stormy emotional flashes. Sharp change mood, irritable. Soft comments are not perceived, tough - lead to the rebellion. Do not perceive humor, especially jokes on your own account. The main intruders of the discipline. Created to be given to the case with exceptional passion. The best way Credit with a choler - constantly load his work so that its energy always has a way out.

Choleric - the unbalanced, moving type of higher nervous activity;
Phlegmatic person - a single, balanced, inert type of higher nervous activity;
Melancholic - weak, unbalanced, inert type of higher nervous activity;
Sanguinik - Strong, balanced, movable type of higher nervous activity.

Each type of psyche is more suitable for some cases and professions and less - for others.
Melancholic - This is often art people. But from them are bad drivers and nicudient surface-topporn.
Choleric - They are magnificent test pilots, but bad counting workers.
Phlegmatic , on the contrary, excellent accountants, calculations, but, as a rule, unimportant poets.
Sanguini. - Beautiful drivers, sappers, engineers, but they are not so patient as phlegmatic .

Practical work "Definition of temperament type"

Of the 4 statements you need to choose the one, most suitable for you.

a) fussy and nonsense;

b) cheerful and cheerful;

c) cold-blooded and calm;

d) shy and stronger

a) hot-tempered and unbearable;

b) busily and energetic;

c) are thorough and consistent;

d) in the new atmosphere are lost

a) straight and cutting towards other people;

b) tend to overestimate themselves;

c) know how to wait;

d) doubt their strength

4 . a) unlockable;

b) if something stops wondering, quickly cool down;

c) strictly adhere to the system in the work and routine of the day;

d) adapt involuntarily to the nature of the interlocutor

5. A) you are the owner of the impustary, sharp movements;

b) quickly fall asleep;

c) you are hard to adapt to the new environment;

d) submissive

6. a) to the disadvantages of intolepima;

b) workable, hardy;

c) in their own interests are constant;

d) easy wounds are sensitive

7. a) impatient;

b) throw the work started;

c) are reasonable and careful;

d) hard to install contact with new people

8 . a) you have expressive facial expressions;

b) fast, loud speech with alive gestures;

c) slowly turn into work;

d) very touchy

9. a) you have a fast, passionate speech;

b) B. new job turn on quickly;

c) the gust restrain easily;

d) very impressionable

10. a) work jerks;

b) for any new business take care of passion;

c) the shortness of the forces do not waste;

d) you have a quiet, weak speech

11. a) you are inherent insufficiently;

b) persistent in achieving the goal;

c) sluggish, sediments;

d) look for the sponsors of others

12. a) quickly decide and act;

b) in a complex setting, retain composure;

c) smooth relations with everyone;

d) Uncommunicable

13. (a) Initiative and decisive;

b) quickly grab the new;

c) do not love to chat, silent;

d) loneliness transfers easy

14. a) strive for a new one;

b) you always have a cheerful mood;

c) love accuracy;

d) timid, lowact

15. a) stubborn;

b) in the interests and inconsistencies are inconsistent;

c) you have a calm, smooth speech with stops;

d) with failures feel confused and depression

16. a) have a tendency to hotness;

b) threw uniformly painstaking work;

c) little susceptible to censure and approval;

d) you have high demands for others and to yourself

17. A) prone to rice;

b) to different circumstances adapt easily;

c) the work began to bring to the end;

d) you have fast fatigue

18. a) sharp change change;

b) tend to be distracted;

c) have an excerpt;

d) too susceptible to censure and approval

19. a) we are aggressive zasia;

b) responsive and sociable;

c) neboblivy;

d) changeless, suspicious

20. a) in the dispute is destroyed;

b) failures are easily worried;

c) patient and restrained;

g0 have a tendency to go into itself.

Calculate how many times you have chosen the answer "A", how much "b", how much "in" and how much "g". Now each of the figures received multiply to "5". You will receive percentage of answers.

Four types of answers correspond to 4 temperament types:

"A" - Type of choleric

"B" - Sanguine type

"B" - type of phlegmatics

"G" - the type of melancholic

Determine what type you dominate.

In pure form, temperatures are rare

In each person there is something from a choleric, a sanguine, phlegmatics and melancholic.
The question of which is better to be, does not make sense, as is the question of what time of year is better.
Each has its advantages and its cons.
We must live and act, choosing an effective model of behavior, depending on the situation, without going on with natural qualities, but developing them.

Any group of people works more efficiently if there are representatives of all temperaments in it

Melancholic The first feel, in which direction you need to start a search.
Choleric Perform fearless intelligence officers.
Sanguini. They are a source of positive emotions and constantly generate unexpected ideas.
Phlegmatic Analyze information and offer a weighted solution.

Professions and temperament types

Sanguinik

Choleric

Educator d / s

Doctor

Artist

Phlegmatic person

TV journalist

Melancholic

Teacher

Biologist

Diplomat

Psychologist

Artist

Mathematician

Seamstress

Entrepreneur

Manager

Physicist

Writer

Waiter

Astronomer

Dispatcher

Geologist

Surgeon

Seller

Engineer

Pilot

Engineer-technologist

Driver

Accountant

Builder

Salemaker

An electrician

Agronomist

Investigator

Agronomist

producer

turner

mechanic

What does your choice of profession depends on?

From the possibilities of each (its abilities, temperament);
From preferences (interests and inconsistencies);
From the requirements of the profession to the personality of the applicant;
From parental capabilities;
From the demand of the profession in the labor market.

temperament

Types

Responsiveness

Friendliness

Leadership sociability

Energy

Carelessness

Anxiety

Sadness

Closed

Sensitivity

Understanding

Suitless

Passivity

Peaceful

Carefulness

Equilibrium

Controllability

Reliability

Calm

Anxiety

Aggressiveness

Changes

Irritability

Hot temper

Activity

Optimism

sanguinik

melancholic

phlegmatic person

choleric

The nature of a person can be judged by how he behaves in society.

Character

Character (from Greek. Charakter - chasing, printing) - a set of sustainable ways of behavior and emotional response.

There are four groups of critical properties (features) of character:

Human attitude to the team, other people (goodwill, justice, sociability, egoism, sensitivity, sincerity)

Relationship to work (hard work, commitment, conscientiousness, discipline)

3. Attitude to yourself (confidence, pride, talent, narcissism, sassay)

4. Attitude towards nature, things (accuracy, curiosity, humanity, thrift).

Practical work "Methods of independent characteristics"

Score "5" - This property is always manifested;

Score "4" - This property manifests itself in a person in most

cases;

Ball "3" - in the same extent manifests the property specified on the left and right;

Ball "2" - In most cases, the opposite property is manifested.

Ball "1" - the opposite property is always manifested

Features of temperament need to consider when choosing a profession, but do not confuse temperament with character .

Goodness and cruelty, diligence and laziness, accuracy and slurry - all these character traits are not laid on nature, but formed throughout life.
Smart or stupid, honest or false, talented or urgent person can be with any temperament.
The success of a person does not depend on its temperament, but on the abilities, knowledge, skills, and identity orientation.

Indicate which emoticon to which temperament treats?

melancholic

choleric

phlegmatic person

sanguinik

phlegmatic person

sanguinik

choleric

melancholic

Smileys in the service of psychologists

All people are completely different. Everyone has their own weak and strengths, everything in their own way react to the same situation. In many ways, the characteristics of the character of a person depends on the properties of the nervous system. So let's figure out what they happen and how they affect the formation of a person.

What it is?

The properties of the nervous system are the term proposed by the Russian scientist I. P. Pavlov, which characterizes the inborn features of the response and operation of the nervous system. These features determine how it reacts to the conditions ambient, human behavior.

The combination of all properties of the nervous system received the name of the phenotype. Based on the ground this concept Works with a person psychologist. Although the phenotype is genetically determined, it may vary depending on the environmental conditions.

The main properties of the nervous system

I. P. Pavlov In his classification initially described three main properties:

force;
equilibrium;
mobility.

With further study of the nervous system, three more new ones added to these properties:

dynothy - the ability of the brain to quickly respond to changing environmental conditions, namely, the processes of excitation and inhibition of its structures; its main characteristic is the speed of formation conditional reflexes in the individual;
lability - the speed with which appears and stops new process;
activity - Indicates how easily in the brain, braking and excitation processes are activated.

Power of nervous processes

One of the main properties of the nervous system defining further development Character and temperament is the power of nervous processes. This property shows how much the nervous system can withstand the action of irritants from the outside.

The main characteristic of the power of nervous processes is how long the nervous system can hold out without the proceedable braking with a long-term irritant on it. This should be a normal response against the causative agent.

If we are talking about the braking the nervous system of the process, then the main characteristic of force will be the ability to withstand the continuous impact of this irritant.

In addition, physiologists argue that the force is not characterized by productive activities a person, and those in which he can achieve the greatest activity.

Based on this property, such features of a person's nature are formed as:

endurance;
courage;
the ability to adapt, that is, adapt to the changing external environment;
impressionability.

Balanced and mobility of nerve processes

The other two main components of the natural properties of the nervous system are equilibrium and mobility.

Balance is a balance, or equilibrium, between excitation and braking (main nerve processes). If a person's reaction is dynamic, it is easy for him to calm down, to deduct from unnecessary thoughts. For such people, it is not difficult to overcome stupid desires and soberly assess the situation. The balance smoothly combines such features of the character of a person as a concentration of attention and distractions.

Mobility is the rate of new and disappearance of old nerve processes. The ability is determined by its ability to quickly adapt to new environmental changes, change one conventional reflexes to others.

A person with movable nerve processes is easier to get rid of old stereotypes, labels, it's easier to open yourself to something new. Such people have very good memory, they are characteristic of a quick speech. With the low mobility of the processes, an individual is not easy in an unfamiliar situation for him, gain new skills. He prefers is in his native habitat for him.

Basic levels

Psychology allocate a separate hierarchical classification of the properties of the nervous system. Total allocate three levels:

upper - the properties of the entire brain, its influence on the whole organism;
the average is the properties of individual structures of the brain and holistic groups that form these structures;
nizhny - Properties of individual nerve cells (neurons).

All these levels are not isolated, but are in constant interaction among themselves. Little studied, as each of them is associated with the character of man and his mental processes.

Types of nervous system

Based on various combinations of nervous processes, four types of human nervous system properties are characterized:

strongly unrestrained - its nervous processes are unbalanced, the excitation is significantly dominated by braking;
strong living - it is distinguished by an unbalanced and extremely mobile reaction, the excitement quickly goes into braking, and vice versa;
strong calm - its nervous processes are balanced, however, almost fixed;
weak - excitation, as well as braking, developed weakly; Cork cells are characterized by low performance.

The first type is the first type, since it is that all the properties of the nervous system are most pronounced. And it is worse than the study, respectively, weak type.

Features of character with different types of nervous system

How does the behavior of the individual change depending on its characteristics of the properties of the nervous system? A person with a strong nervous system is able to be operable for a long time, even performing really hard work. Charter, it does not require a lot of time to rest. Such a person is rapidly restored, in critical situations it is not panic, and soberly assesses the situation.

An individual with a weak temperament is more sensitive and emotionally labile, that is, reacts even for minor incentives. Such type of people is easier to perform a monotonous job, so it is easier for them to memorize information. They have the opportunity to develop - stability in such an personality is purchased over time. However, if two dynamically trained people of a strong and weak type put in the same conditions, the genetic predisposition will give themselves to know.

Types of temperament

Types of the nervous system listed above correspond to four types of temperament:

choleric - with strong and unrestrained nerve processes;
sanguine - has persistent and alive functional characteristics;
phlegmatic - strong and calm type of nervous processes;
melancholic is the weakest.

In addition, in addition to the types of nervous system listed above, it is also distinguished by another classification:

thinking type;
artistic type.

The basis of this separation is the interaction of two human signal systems. This is what serves as a leading factor in which direction an individual will develop. So, for the thought type, the predominant activity of the second signal system is characterized, and for the artistic one. People born with good developing conditioned reflexes have more chances to become mathematicians, philologists, physicists and other scientists. Personality with artistic type is more likely there is a talent for writing, music or painting, that is, these are people of the creative profession.

So, our character, how we react to certain situations, which decisions we accept, largely depends on the properties of the nervous system inherited from parents. However, whatever type of reflector reactions is encoded in our DNA, any of these processes is more or less elastic. They change their upbringing, habits, situations in which we come. All that happens to us, leaves a certain imprint in us, changing the functioning of our nervous system.

The duality of individual abilities such individual features as interests, tendencies are characterized by impermanence, oscillations, variability. Features such as traits associated with individual manifestations of the main properties of the nervous system can be changed almost impossible, but it is impossible and not to pay attention to them, for their influence is significantly in activities, in behavior, in relationships with others.

The most studied properties of the NA: the power-weakness (that is, the degree of endurance, the working capacity of the nervous system, its resistance to various kinds of interference) mobility-inertia (that is, the speed of shift and the rate of processes of excitation and braking).

A man with a weak NA: most often calm-quiet, cautious, obedient. It cannot participate in noisy, mobile affairs for a long time, which is associated with its small reserve of forces, increased fatigue. Often inclined to accuracy, it is highly impressionable. In an unusual environment, with an increased attention to him, it is lost, does not find the right words, does not answer questions, does not fulfill the simplest requests. It has increased sensitivity (it has a special vulnerability, it is painful to criticism, dissatisfaction with others) often lacks confidence in themselves, they are characterized by fear of failure and fear is stupid to look, as a result of which the promotion towards success is significantly complicated.

The advantages of a weak ns: has much higher sensitivity compared to strong NA; focused on high accuracy, carefulness of operation, to more strict control over the quality of implementation; Much better, more productive and less coping with monotonous work.

Professions can be recommended, requiring special accuracy, for example: Jeweler Litter for dental technician Programmer musician Artist People with a weak NA have an advantage in mastering the professions in which the main relationships with other people, communication (i.e., like "man is a man").

A person with a strong NA: most often vigorous, confident, not experiencing stress in the teaching, striking the ease with which he masters significant material in volume. Polon energy, tireless, is constantly ready for activities. It is almost not tired, lethargic, relaxed. Although working, he almost does not experience difficulties; It is not necessary for additional loads, the transition to an unfamiliar new activity. It is distinguished by the ability to effectively use the time, the ability to perform more than the same period of time than others, thanks to its endurance, the absence of stops and failures in operation. It has the ability to adequately react to super-violent stimuli, even having awesome character.

Benefits of strong NS: Persons with strong NS in a non-standard, complex situation (accident, explosions, fires, natural disasters) Couldfully appreciate the situation, keep the excerpt, composure, find the optimal solution to normalize the emergency. In the complex setting of persons with strong NA, it is easier to maintain composure, they are able to take the right decision in the conditions of time deficit, not be lost

Professions can be recommended, in which difficult situations may be possible: Surgeon test pilots. Surgeons Airships in a number of professions. People with a strong NA will be best cope with the prevailing work of the whole system of "man-machine".

However, it should be remembered: the root restructuring of plans for the future is not always required: you can always choose in the same professional sphere Other specialty. Even in the profession of the pilot there are workers posts that do not prevent too harsh requirements for a person is the pilot of the agriculture, the helicopter. In the profession of a doctor, people with a weak nervous system are contraindicated with such specialization as resuscitation, surgeon. But they can be recommended specialty of the therapist, sanitary doctor, pharmacist, dentist.

Sanguicious temperament type is characterized by energy and great performance: it is suitable for a work in which there is a lot of diversity that constantly puts new tasks before him, he is ready to act all the time and organize something, so it is suitable for leadership positions, it can easily focus on It is easy to switch from one job to another, but it is not able to delve into the details and does not tolerate monotony.

Choleric is distinguished by quick-temperedness and gusty: work performs with large internal tension, very vigorously, completely given its activities, its own huge energy It distributes uneven, so cyclical activity is suitable, periodically requiring large, but periodic energy costs associated with stress and danger, alternating with more relaxing work.

Phlegmatic is calm and balanced: he is a stubborn and diligent worker, but only in the area to which he is used. The work is not suitable for a variety, but monotonous activities (for example, work on the conveyor) difficulties for it. works leisurely, but can achieve good results Thanks to its hardness, perseverance and thoughtful organization of its work.

Melancholic characterizes a low sensation threshold and increased sensitivity to external stimuli. Low performance, does not want to take over the obligations, it is afraid that it will not be able to fulfill them. Prefers to work alone. Due to its high sensitivity, it easily catches and understands the subtleties in the behavior of people surrounding his world, as well as in art, literature, music. Melancholic is suitable for work, requiring attention, the ability to penetrate and work out the smallest details. He is contraindicated with activities requiring significant voltage of significant voltage associated with surprises and complications.

Traditionally, although not entirely justified, as mentioned above, the main subject of study in domestic differential psychophysiology is the properties of the nervous system and the associated behavioral features, styles and efficiency of activity. It was Pavlovsky approach to the study of individual and typical characteristics of a person distinguishes the domestic differential psychophysiology from the differential psychology of the West, which is mainly engaged in studying differences in manifestation of personal properties, tearing them from the physiological basis. Of course, this path also gives a lot of valuable data on the psychological nature of man, but it is important to know not only the severity of one or another personality feature, but also the reason for this, in particular, what is the role of genetic and innate (i.e. biological) factors, with one Parties and social factors (upbringing, development) - on the other. This is especially important to know when predicting the abilities and capabilities of a person based on its natural deposits, which include the typological features of the manifestation of the properties of the nervous system.

The fact is that if social factors (living conditions, education system, methods vocational training and training, etc.) can be equalized for different people, placing them in the same conditions, to equalize people according to biological factors (deposit). Each person has its own genetic history, which affects both the abilities and temperament, and on the individual tolerance of various external and internal factors, and ultimately - on its capabilities to carry out one or another.

The first works of I. P. Pavlova on the properties of the nervous system appeared in the 1920s. Up until the 1950s. This problem was the prerogative of physiologists who studied the highest nervous activity (conditional reflexes) of a person. Psychologists began to do it at the turn of the 1950-1960s. Thanks to the efforts of B. M. Teplov, and then V. S. Merlin and B. G. Ananeva, who created their schools of differential psychophysiology. Followers of their views (V. D. Nebylitsyn, E. A. Klimov, and later V. M. Rusalov, E. A. Golubev, B. A. Vyatkin, I. M. Palei, etc.) significantly advanced the study of differential problems psychophysiology, and the new data obtained by them was reflected in the published monographs.

Created for more than half a century ago The teachings of I. P. Pavlova on the types of higher nervous activity found fertile soil for its development in psychology, physiology, medicine. Encoued by new approaches and experimental facts, it became the basis of an objective study of the typical characteristics of the person defined by the psycho-physiological structure. Born in our country, this direction, reflecting the alloy of physiological and psychological science, has found recognition and in a number of foreign scientists (J. Gray, L. Marton and Ya. Urban, Ya. Arkel, etc.).

However, as in the development of any theory and scientific direction, in a number of moments, the indicated teaching I. P. Pavlova began to contradict some new experimental data. In particular, the classification of temperament types created by the author on the basis of a combination of typological features of the manifestation of the properties of the nervous system turned out to be limited and not sufficiently substantiated. The selected new combinations of typological features are not cleaned into the procrusteo bed of Pavlovsk classification.

Over the past decades, our ideas about the work of central cerebral structures have also moved significantly. Therefore, many provisions seemed by unshakable and allowed to give a satisfactory explanation to the observed facts, are currently being revised. In this regard, it is necessary to clarify the number of provisions I. P. Pavlov, in particular on the role of certain typological features of the manifestation of the properties of the nervous system in human behavior, in the adaptation to the external environment.