Presentation on the theme of the hero of the civil war. Presentation on the theme "civil war in persons"
Description of the presentation for individual slides:
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Biography Vasily Chapaev was born on January 28, 1887 in the village of Budayka in the Cheboksary district of the Kazan province into a Russian peasant family. Vasily was the sixth child in the family of Ivan Stepanovich Chapaev (1854-1921). Some time later, in search of a better life, the Chapaev family moved to the village of Balakovo in the Nikolaevsky district of the Samara province. Ivan Stepanovich assigned his son to a local parish school, the patron of which was his wealthy cousin. There were already priests in the Chapaev family, and the parents wanted Vasily to become a clergyman, but life decided otherwise.
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In the fall of 1908, Vasily was drafted into the army and sent to Kiev. But in the spring of next year, for unknown reasons, Chapaev was fired from the army to the reserve and the goalkeepers of the militia of the first category were transferred. According to the official version, due to illness. The version about his political unreliability, due to which he was transferred to warriors, is not confirmed by anything. Before the World War he did not serve in the regular army. He worked as a carpenter. From 1912 to 1914, Chapaev lived with his family in the city of Melekess (now Dimitrovgrad, Ulyanovsk Region) on Chuvashskaya Street. Here his son Arkady was born. At the beginning of the war, on September 20, 1914, Chapaev was drafted into military service and sent to the 159th reserve infantry regiment in the city of Atkarsk. Vasily Ivanovich Chapaev died on September 5, 1919 as a result of a deep raid by the Cossack detachment of Colonel N. N. Borodin, crowned with an unexpected attack on the well-guarded and deeply guarded city of Lbischensk, where the headquarters of the 25th division was located [
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Role of Chapaev in the history of the Civil War Some authors express the opinion that the role of Chapaev in the history of the Civil War is very small, and he should not be mentioned among other famous figures of that time, such as N.A.Shchors, S.G. Lazo, G. I. Kotovsky, if not for the myth created from him. According to other materials, the 25th division played a large role in the zone of the South-Eastern Red Front in the capture of such provincial centers in the defense of Admiral Kolchak's troops, such as Samara, Ufa, Uralsk, Orenburg, Aktyubinsk. Later, after the death of Chapaev, operations of the 25th rifle division were carried out under the command of I.S.Kutyakov in the Soviet-Polish war.
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Memory The Chapaevka river and the city of Chapaevsk in the Samara region were named in his honor. In 1974, the Chapaev Museum was opened in Cheboksary near his birthplace. In the city of Pugachev, Saratov Region, there is a house-museum where Vasily Ivanovich lived and worked in 1919. In this city, the Chapaevskaya 25th Infantry Division was formed. In the village of Krasny Yar, Ufa district of the Republic of Bashkortostan, there is a house-museum named after the 25th rifle division in the building that housed the division headquarters and a field hospital during the liberation of Ufa. There is a museum of V.I. Chapaev located in the village of Lbischenskaya (now the village of Chapaev, West Kazakhstan region) on the site of the last battle of the division commander, has existed since the 1920s. It is located in the house where the headquarters of the 25th Infantry Division was located. There is a house-museum of V.I.Chapaev located in Uralsk (West Kazakhstan region) There is also a house-museum of V.I.Chapaev in Balakovo, Saratov region (Directorate address: 413865, Saratov region, Balakovo, Chapaeva street, 110). Founded in 1948 as a branch of the V.I.Chapaev Pugachev Memorial House-Museum. In 1986 it became a branch of the Saratov Regional Museum of Local Lore. The initiators of the creation of the museum in the parental house of the Chapaevs were the Chapaevites and the Red partisans of the city of Balakovo and the region. Since it is this city that is the second homeland of the commander of the Red Army, V.I.Chapaev, famous during the Civil War. It was in Sirotskaya Sloboda (the former outskirts of Balakovo), where the house-museum of V.I.Chapaev is now located, that his childhood and adolescence passed, the formation of his personality. This memorial museum shows the peaceful period in the life of the famous divisional commander. In St. Petersburg, at school No. 146 of the Kalininsky district, by the efforts of teachers and students in the 1970s, a museum named after V.I. Chapaev was created. Groups of students acted as guides. Meetings were held with veterans of the legendary 25th division. There were performances, the actors of which were also students of the school. In honor of Vasily Ivanovich, a river cruise double-deck motor ship of project 305 was named. Large anti-submarine ship (BOD) of project 1134A of the "Kronstadt" type
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Stages of the Civil War
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1. Period (October 1917-April 1918) 2. Period (April 1918-November 1920) - the period of the main battles, front-line war 3. Period (late 1920-1922) - the period of the minor civil war (Peasant uprisings, Transcaucasia, the Far East, Middle Asia)
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White movement
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Slogans: "Let's die for the Motherland" "Fatherland or death" "Better death than the death of Russia" Composition: representatives of the officers of the Cossacks, the bourgeoisie, the nobility, officials, the intelligentsia, the prosperous peasantry Russia Features: - lack of a single recognized leader - no unity in the future structure of the country - lack of a clear program of action - heterogeneity of the composition of views
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Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich 1874 - 1920
Admiral, scientist-hydrologist, oceanographer, participant of the polar expedition 1900-1902. Member of the Russian-Japanese and World War I. On November 18, 1918, he made a coup and established a military dictatorship, accepting the title of "supreme ruler of the Russian state" and the title of supreme commander in chief. Representatives of the White movement:
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On December 27, 1919, it was taken under the protection of the Czechoslovak troops, and then transferred to the Bolshevik Revolutionary Committee. He was shot in 1920.
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Denikin Anton Ivanovich 1872 - 1947
General - Lieutenant, participant of the 1st World War. In 1917 he commanded the Western and Southwestern Fronts. Arrested for participating in the Kornilov rebellion. He fled to the Don, where he became one of the organizers of the Volunteer Army. Nickname - "Tsar Anton"
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He led the campaign against Moscow in 1919. After the defeat in March 1920, with the remnants of the army, he emigrated to the Crimea, where on April 4 he surrendered command to P.N. Wrangel and went with his family to Constantinople. During World War II, he refused to cooperate with Hitler's Germany. Wrote the book "Essays on Russian Troubles"
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Pyotr Nikolaevich Wrangel 1878 - 1928
Lieutenant General, (“Black Baron”), in August 1918 entered the White Guard Volunteer Army, commanded the Caucasian Army. With the remnants of the White Guard army in Crimea, he headed the "Government of the South of Russia"
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Caricature "Wrangel is still alive" 1918 Caricature "Wrangel is coming" - 1918
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After the defeat in the Crimea on November 14, 1920, he fled abroad with a part of the army. In 1924 he created the Russian General Military Union (ROVS) and died in Brussels in 1928.
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Yudenich Nikolay Nikolaevich 1862 - 1933
General, in Estonia in July 1919 led the White Guard North - Western Army, advancing on Petrograd. He became a member of the “Northwestern Government.” After the failure of the campaign against Petrograd (October - November 1919) he retreated to Estonia. In 1920 he emigrated to Great Britain. Died in Nice.
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Kornilov Lavr Georgievich1870 - 1918
The general, from a Cossack family, raised a mutiny in August 1917, but failed and on September 2 was arrested by the Provisional Government. On November 19, he fled to Novocherkassk, where, together with MV Alekseev, he led the White Guard Volunteer Army. Killed during the unsuccessful assault on Yekaterinodar.
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Caricature of white generals: Denikin, Kolchak, Yudenich. 1918 g.
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red
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Slogans: "Long live the world revolution" "Death to world capital" "Peace to huts, war to palaces" "The socialist fatherland is in danger" Composition: the proletariat, the poor peasantry, soldiers, part of the intelligentsia and officers Objectives: -world revolution -the creation of a republic of soviets and dictatorship of the proletariat Features: 1. One leader - Lenin 2. The presence of a clearer program focused on the interests of Bolshevism 3. More homogeneous composition
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The first marshals of the Soviet Union. Sitting (glory to the right): M.N. Tukhachevsky, K.E. Voroshilov, A.I. Egorov. Standing: S.M. Budyonny and V.K. Blucher. 1935 g.
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FRUNZE Mikhail Vasilievich1885 - 1925
Party pseudonym - Arseny Trifonych. During the 1917 revolution he arrived in Moscow with an armed detachment and took part in the battles. He conducted a number of successful operations against the White Guard troops of Admiral Kolchak. In 1920 he commanded the Turkestan front.
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He carried out the Aktobe operation in 1919 to defeat the whites in the South Urals. In September 1920, he was appointed commander of the Southern Front and directed the operation to defeat General Wrangel's troops in Northern Tavria and the Crimea. He died tragically in 1925. He was buried in Red Square.
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Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolaevich1893 - 1937
Marshal of the Soviet Union (1935). He commanded the 5th Army of the Eastern Front in 1919, conducted a number of operations to liberate the Urals and Siberia from Kolchak's troops. In 1920 he commanded the troops of the Caucasian Front, after the defeat of Denikin's troops.
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Participated in the liquidation of the Kronstadt mutiny of 1921. Since 1934 - a candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b). He was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner and the honorary golden weapon.
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Marshal of the Soviet Union (1935), twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1956 and 1968), Hero of Socialist Labor (1960). He was repeatedly arrested and exiled. Commander of the 14th Army and the Ukrainian Internal Front. Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich 1881 - 1969
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For military services in 1920 he was awarded an honorary revolutionary weapon. Participated in the liquidation of the Kronstadt rebellion. Buried in Moscow on Red Square.
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Nikolay Alexandrovich Shchors1895 - 1919
He commanded the 1st Ukrainian division, which liberated Zhitomir, Vinnitsa, Zhmerinka from the Petliurists. In 1919 he staunchly defended himself in the Sarny-Novograd region against the troops of Poland and the Petliurists, but was forced to withdraw to the East. While in the front lines of the Bogunsky regiment, Shchors was killed.
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Marshal of the Soviet Union (1935). Since 1919, commander of the troops of the Southern Front against Denikin. Alexander Ilyich Egorov 1883 - 1939 Egorov and Stalin - 1917
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In 1920 - the Southwestern Front. He was awarded 2 Orders of the Red Banner and an honorary revolutionary weapon.
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Budyonny, Frunze, Voroshilov on the Southern Front - 1920
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Marshal of the Soviet Union (1935), three times Hero of the Soviet Union. Created a cavalry corps, which defeated the whites in the Voronezh - Kastorno operation of 1919. Budyonny Semyon Mikhailovich 1883 - 1973
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He was awarded 7 Orders of Lenin, 6 Orders of the Red Banner, revolutionary firearms with the Order of the Red Banner on it and an honorary weapon - a checker with the image of the State Emblem of the USSR
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Vasily Ivanovich Chapaev 1887 - 1919 Hero of the Civil War, awarded for courage with 3 St. George's crosses. In 1918 he formed the Red Guard detachment. September 1918 chief of the 2nd Nikolaev division. From Apr. 1919 commanded the 25th Infantry Division, which liberated Uralsk.
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On the night of September 5, 1919, the whites suddenly attacked the headquarters of the 25th division in Lbischensk. Chapaev and his comrades-in-arms fought bravely against the superior forces of the enemy. Having shot all the cartridges, the wounded Chapaev tried to swim across the river. Ural, but was hit by a bullet and died. He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
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Vasily Konstantinovich Blucher 1890 - 1938
Marshal of the Soviet Union (1935), a native of peasants, a participant in World War I. He participated in battles against Kolchak's troops until his defeat.
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Having suppressed in Petrograd and Moscow the resistance of the forces loyal to the Provisional Government, the Bolsheviks were able to quickly establish dominance in the main industrial cities of Russia. The power of the Bolsheviks was established for a long time in the localities, conquering more and more cities and villages throughout the country.
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The events that took place in October 1917 shook the whole country. Some people took the side of the new government, others wanted to preserve the old order. Many could not understand what was happening in Russia.
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Civil War. Soon a bloody civil war broke out in the country. It is called civil because it happened between the citizens of one country. Supporters of the Bolsheviks were called red, and their opponents were called white. Both reds and whites believed they were fighting for a just cause. The war was fought brutally on both sides. Red. White Guards.
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Civil War. The Civil War in Russia and (1917-1923) - an armed struggle between various groups on the territory of the former Russian Empire, which was based on deep economic, political, national contradictions, which became its causes.
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Causes of the Civil War. After the withdrawal of Russia from World War I, German and Austro-Hungarian troops in February 1918 occupied part of the Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic states and the South of Russia, which led to the conclusion of the Brest Peace in March 1918. In March 1918, Anglo-French-American troops landed in Murmansk; in April - Japanese troops in Vladivostok; in May, the revolt of the Czechoslovak corps began. All this created serious problems for the new government.
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The Soviet government began to create the Red Army and went over to the policy of "war communism".
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In the second half of 1918, the Red Army won its first victories on the Eastern Front, liberated the Volga region and part of the Urals.
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Mamontov. However, the policy of "war communism", as well as "decossackization", aimed in fact at the destruction of the Cossacks, provoked peasant and Cossack uprisings and made it possible to form numerous armies and launch a broad offensive against the Soviet Republic. Don Cossack.
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In the territories occupied by the White Guards and interventionists, the partisan movement expanded. In March - May, the Red Army successfully repelled the offensive of the White Guard forces from the east (Admiral A. V. Kolchak), the south (General A. I. Denikin), and the west (General N. N. Yudenich). In the fall of 1919, Yudenich's army was finally defeated near Petrograd.
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After the end of the Soviet-Polish war, the Red Army inflicted a series of blows on the troops of General P.N. Wrangel and drove them out of the Crimea. In 1921-22, anti-Bolshevik uprisings were suppressed in Kronstadt, in the Tambov region, in a number of regions of Ukraine, and the remaining centers of interventionists and White Guards in Central Asia and the Far East were liquidated. Wrangel.
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The civil war brought great disaster. From hunger, disease, terror and in battles (according to various sources) from 8 to 13 million people died, including approx. 1 million soldiers of the Red Army. Up to 2 million people emigrated by the end of the Civil War.
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Heroes of the Civil War. Since January 1919, V. I. Chapaev was the brigade commander of the Special Brigade, which fought against Kolchak's army. Under the leadership of Chapaev, this division occupied Ufa, and then - Uralsk. Chapaev died on September 5, 1919 during a surprise attack by the Cossacks on the well-guarded and deeply located in the rear of the city of Lbischensk (now the village of Chapaev). The circumstances of the death of the division commander are not entirely clear. According to eyewitnesses, the wounded Chapaev drowned while trying to swim across the Ural River.
White movement
Slogans: "Let's Die for the Motherland""Fatherland or death"
"Better death than death of Russia"
Composition: representatives of the officers of the Cossacks,
the bourgeoisie,
nobility, bureaucracy, intelligentsia,
wealthy peasantry
General goals: - the destruction of Bolshevism
-convocation of the Constituent Assembly
- restoration of a powerful united Russia
Features: - lack of a single recognized leader
- there is no unity in the future structure of the country
-the heterogeneity of the composition in terms of views
Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich 1874 - 1920
Representatives of the White movement:Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich
1874 - 1920
Admiral, Hydrological Scientist,
oceanographer, participant of the polar
expeditions 1900-1902
Member of the Russian-Japanese and World War I. November 18, 1918
made a coup and installed
military dictatorship by taking the title
"supreme ruler
the Russian state "and
rank of supreme
commander-in-chief. December 27, 1919 was taken under protection
Czechoslovak troops, and then
transferred to the Bolshevik Revkom.
He was shot in 1920.
Denikin Anton Ivanovich 1872 - 1947
General - Lieutenant, participant of the 1st World War. In 1917commanded the Western and Southwestern Fronts. For taking part
arrested in the Kornilov rebellion. I ran to the Don, where I became
one of the organizers of the Volunteer Army. Nickname -
"Tsar Anton" He led the campaign against Moscow in 1919. After the defeat in
In March 1920, with the remnants of the army, he emigrated to the Crimea,
where on April 4 he handed over the command to P.N. Wrangel and
went with his family to Constantinople. During
World War 2 refused to cooperate with Hitler
Germany. Wrote the book "Essays on Russian Troubles"
Pyotr Nikolaevich Wrangel 1878 - 1928
Lieutenant General, (“Blackbaron "), in August 1918 entered
to the White Guard
Volunteer army
commanded the Caucasian army.
With the remnants of the White Guard
army in Crimea led
"Government of the South of Russia" Caricature "Wrangel is Coming" - 1918
Caricature "Wrangel is still alive" 1918 After the defeat in the Crimea
November 14, 1920 with part
army fled abroad. IN
1924 created Russian
general military union
(ROVS) .Died in Brussels in
1928 g.
Yudenich Nikolay Nikolaevich 1862 - 1933
General, in Estonia in July1919 headed
White Guard North-Western Army,
advancing on Petrograd.
Joined the “North -
Western government ".
After the failure of the march on
Petrograd (October - November
1919) retreated to Estonia. IN
1920 emigrated to
Great Britain. Died in
Nice.
Kornilov Lavr Georgievich 1870 - 1918
General, comes fromCossack family, in August
1917 raised a mutiny, but
failed and
Was arrested on September 2
Provisional government.
On November 19, he fled to
Novocherkassk, where together with M.
V. Alekseev headed
whiteguard
Volunteer army. Killed
in an unsuccessful assault
Yekaterinodar. Caricature of white generals: Denikin, Kolchak, Yudenich. 1918 g.
red
Slogans: "Long live the world revolution""Death to world capital"
"Peace to huts, war to palaces"
"The Socialist Fatherland is in Danger"
Composition: proletariat, poor peasantry, soldiers,
part of the intelligentsia and officers
Objectives: -world revolution
-creation of the republic of councils
and the dictatorship of the proletariat
Features: 1. Single leader - Lenin
2. Having a clearer program,
oriented towards the interests of Bolshevism
3. More homogeneous composition The first marshals of the Soviet Union.
Sitting (glory to the right): M.N. Tukhachevsky, K.E. Voroshilov, A.I. Egorov.
Standing: S.M. Budyonny and V.K. Blucher. 1935 g.
FRUNZE Mikhail Vasilievich 1885 - 1925
Party pseudonym - Arseny Trifonych. During the revolution1917 arrived in Moscow with an armed detachment and took part in
battles.
Conducted a number of successful operations against
whiteguard
troops of Admiral Kolchak.
In 1920 he commanded the Turkestan front. Held Aktobe
operation 1919 to defeat
whites
in the South Urals. In September
1920 appointed commander
The southern front and led
operation to defeat troops
General Wrangel in the North
Tavria and Crimea.
He died tragically in 1925.
Buried on Red
area.
Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolaevich 1893 - 1937
Marshal of the Soviet Union (1935).Commanded the 5th Army of the Eastern
front 1919, carried out a number of operations
for the liberation of the Urals and Siberia
from the troops of Kolchak. In 1920
He commanded the troops of the Caucasian
front, after the defeat of the troops
Denikin. Participated in the liquidation of the Kronstadt mutiny of 1921.
1934 - candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b). Awarded with the order
Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner and an honorary gold
weapons. Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich
1881 - 1969
Marshal of the Soviet Union
(1935),
twice Hero of the Soviet
Union (1956 and 1968),
Hero of the Socialist
Labor (1960).
Was repeatedly exposed
arrests, served exile.
Commander of the 14th Army
and domestic Ukrainian
front. For military service in 1920
awarded an honorary revolutionary
weapons. Participated in the liquidation
Kronstadt mutiny. Buried in Moscow
on the Red Square.
Nikolay Alexandrovich Shchors 1895 - 1919
He commanded the 1st Ukrainian division, which freed fromPetliurovtsev
Zhitomir, Vinnytsia, Zhmerinka. In 1919 he staunchly defended
the region of Sarny-Novograd from the troops of Poland and the Petliurists, but was
forced to retreat to the East.
Being in the front lines of Bogunsky
regiment, Shchors was killed. Alexander Ilyich Egorov
1883 - 1939
Marshal of the Soviet Union (1935). Commander from 1919
troops of the Southern Front against Denikin.
Egorov and Stalin - 1917 In 1920 - the Southwestern Front. Awarded with 2 orders
Red Banner and honorary revolutionary
weapons. Budyonny, Frunze, Voroshilov on the Southern Front - 1920 Budyonny Semyon Mikhailovich
1883 - 1973
Marshal of the Soviet Union (1935), three times Hero
Soviet Union. Created an equestrian corps, which
defeated the whites in the Voronezh - Kastorno operation
1919.Awarded 7 Orders of Lenin,
6 orders of the Red Banner,
revolutionary
firearms with
Order of the Red Banner for
him and an honorary weapon with a saber with an image
State emblem of the USSR Vasily Ivanovich Chapaev
1887 - 1919
Hero of the Civil War, awarded for courage by 3 St.
crosses. In 1918 he formed the Red Guard detachment.
September 1918 chief of the 2nd Nikolaev division. From Apr.
1919 commanded the 25th Infantry Division, which
freed Uralsk. On the night of September 5
1919 whites suddenly attacked
the headquarters of the 25th division in Lbischensk.
Chapaev with his associates
fought bravely against
superior enemy forces.
Having shot all the cartridges, the wounded
Chapaev tried
swim across the river Ural, but was defeated
bullet and died. Awarded with the order
Of the Red Banner.
Vasily Konstantinovich Blucher 1890 - 1938
Marshal of the Soviet Union(1935), originally from peasants,
participant of the 1st world war.
Participated in battles against
Kolchak's troops up to his
defeat. Became famous famous
raid across the Urals (1.5 thousand km)
September 28, 1918 was the first
awarded the Order of the Red
Banner and Red Star, and
also 2 Georgievsky
crosses. In 1920 he took part in the assault
Perekopa. In 1921-1922 he directed
rout
White Guards near Volochaevka.
Repressed and died in 1938.
Green movement
The main composition: peasants (middle peasants andkulaks)
Party affiliation - Socialist-Revolutionaries.
Goals and slogans: "Soviets without communists"
"Democracy"
"Against surplus appropriation!"
Features: -No clear attachment to whites or
to the red
-lack of a clear program of action
-terror, riots, robberies
Major performances: "Antonovshchina" - 1920
Tambov province
"Kronstadt mutiny" - sailors in Kronstadt in 1921
Requirements: - re-election of councils - liquidation
surplus allocation
-freedom of speech and printing
- "Makhnovshchina"
Anarchist, brilliant commander and military leader. Born in the village. Gulyai-Pole in Ukraine. In 1918 he led the struggle of the peasants against
Nestor Ivanovich Makhno1888 - 1934
Anarchist, genius
commander and
war commander.
Born in the village. Walk-Pole on
Ukraine.
In 1918 he led the struggle
peasants against the Austro-German troops.
In 1919, heading
insurgent army (15 thousand
man), fought on the side
Reds, participated in
the defeat of Wrangel. According to the views of an anarchist. Advocated for independence
local councils in their home area.
For participation in the defeat of the anti-Soviet rebellion in May 1919
was awarded the Order of the Red Banner (did not receive it).
He fought against Denikin. In January 1920 g.
begins to fight against
Bolsheviks, in response to
surplus allocation.
In 1921 passed to
terror and robbery.
Broken by the general's army
Skin.
He died on July 27, 1934.
Results of the Civil War
1.The Bolsheviks came to power, the RCP (b)2. Destroyed the economy of the country
3. Death of people (12 million people)
4.Emigrated, approximately
2 million / intelligentsia, industrialists.
5.Territorial preservation of Russia in
the scale of the Russian Empire (in
mostly)
6 child homelessness
7.The total damage from the war was
39 billion rubles in gold
8.Splitting society into "whites" and
"Red"
9. Break of traditions, cultural oblivion
legacy of the past
10 there was a social revolution
EconomyPower
Social structure
Spiritual Foundations
Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny - Soviet military leader, commander of the First Cavalry Army of the Red Army during the Civil War, one of the first Marshals of the Soviet Union.
He created a revolutionary cavalry detachment that acted against the White Guards on the Don. Together with the divisions of the 8th Army, he defeated the Cossack corps of Generals Mamontov and Shkuro. Troops under the command of Budyonny (14th Cavalry Division of Gorodovikov O.I.) took part in the disarmament of the Don corps of Mironov F.K., who went to the front against Denikin A.I., allegedly for an attempt to raise a counter-revolutionary rebellion.
Post-war activities:
Budyonny is a member of the Revolutionary Military Council, and then deputy commander of the North Caucasian Military District. Budyonny became the "godfather" of the Chechen Autonomous Region Budyonny was appointed assistant to the commander-in-chief of the Red Army for cavalry and a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. Inspector of the cavalry of the Red Army. Graduated from the Military Academy. M. V. Frunze. Budyonny commanded the troops of the Moscow Military District. Member of the Main Military Council of the NKO of the USSR, Deputy People's Commissar. First Deputy People's Commissar of Defense
Blucher V.K. (1890-1938)
Vasily Konstantinovich Blucher - Soviet military, statesman and party leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union. Chevalier of the Order of the Red Banner No. 1 and the Order of the Red Star No. 1.
He commanded the 30th rifle division in Siberia and fought against the troops of A. V. Kolchak.
He was the head of the 51st Infantry Division. Blucher was appointed the sole commander of the 51st SD, transferred to the reserve of the Red Army High Command. In May, he was appointed head of the West Siberian sector of the VOKhR. Appointed Chairman of the Military Council, Commander-in-Chief of the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic and Minister of War of the Far Eastern Republic.
Post-war activities:
- He died of beatings during the investigation in the Lefortovo prison.
He was appointed commander of the 1st rifle corps, then - commandant and military commissar of the Petrograd fortified area.
In 1924 he was assigned to the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR
In 1924 he was sent to China
Participated in the planning of the Northern Expedition.
Served as Assistant Commander of the Ukrainian Military District.
In 1929 he was appointed commander of the Special Far Eastern Army.
During the hostilities near Lake Khasan, he led the Far Eastern Front.
Tukhachevsky M.N. (1893-1937)
Voluntarily joined the Red Army, worked in the Military Department of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. He joined the RCP (b), was appointed military commissar of the Moscow defense region. Appointed commander of the newly created 1st Army of the Eastern Front. He commanded the 1st Soviet Army. Appointed assistant commander of the Southern Front (LF). Commander of the 8th Army of the Law Firm, which included the Inza Rifle Division. Assumes command of the 5th Army. Appointed commander of the Caucasian Front.
Kamenev S.S. (1881-1936)
From April 1918 in the Red Army. Appointed as the military leader of the Nevelsky district of the Western section of the veil detachments. From June 1918 - commander of the 1st Vitebsk Infantry Division. Appointed military leader of the Western section of the veil and at the same time military commander of the Smolensk region. Commander of the troops of the Eastern Front. He led the offensive of the Red Army on the Volga and the Urals. Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic.
Post-war activities:
Inspector of the Red Army. Chief of Staff of the Red Army. Chief Inspector. Head of the Main Directorate of the Red Army, chief leader of the tactics cycle of the Military Academy. Frunze. At the same time, a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. Deputy People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs and Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. He was admitted to the CPSU (b). Was appointed head of the Air Defense Directorate of the Red Army
Vatsetis I.I. (1873-1938)
Joachim Ioakimovich Vatsetis - Russian, Soviet military leader. 2nd rank commander.
After the October Revolution, he went over to the side of the Bolsheviks together. He was the chief of the operational department of the Revolutionary Field Headquarters at the General Headquarters. He supervised the suppression of the rebellion of the Polish corps of General Dovbor-Musnitsky. Commander of the Latvian Rifle Division, one of the leaders of the suppression of the Left SR revolt in Moscow in July 1918. Commander of the Eastern Front, Commander-in-Chief of all Armed Forces of the RSFSR. Simultaneously commander of the Army of Soviet Latvia. Since 1921, as a teacher at the Military Academy of the Red Army, commander of the 2nd rank.
Post-war activities:
On July 28, 1938, on charges of espionage and participation in a counter-revolutionary terrorist organization, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR was sentenced to death.
Chapaev V.I. (1887-1919)
Vasily Ivanovich Chapaev - Chief of the Red Army, participant of the First World War and the Civil War.Elected to the regimental committee, to the council of soldiers' deputies. He joined the Bolshevik Party. Appointed commander of the 138th regiment. He was a member of the Kazan Congress of Soldiers' Soviets. Became the commissar of the Red Guard and the head of the garrison of Nikolaevsk.
Chapaev suppressed a number of peasant uprisings. He fought against the Cossacks and the Czechoslovak Corps. Chapaev commanded the 25th Rifle Division. His division liberated Ufa from Kolchak's troops. Chapaev took part in the battles to unblock Uralsk.
Formation of the White Army:
It began to form on November 2, 1917 in Novocherkassk of the General Staff by General MV Alekseev under the name “Alekseevskaya organization. From the beginning of December 1917, General L.G. Kornilov, who had arrived on the Don of the General Staff, joined the creation of the army. At first, the Volunteer Army was staffed exclusively by volunteers. Up to 50% of those enrolled in the army were chief officers and up to 15% were staff officers, there were also cadets, cadets, students, high school students (more than 10%). Cossacks were about 4%, soldiers - 1%. From the end of 1918 and in 1919-1920, due to mobilizations in the territories controlled by the whites, the officer cadre lost its numerical predominance; peasants and prisoners of the Red Army during this period constituted the bulk of the military contingent of the Volunteer Army.
December 25, 1917
received the official name "Volunteer Army". The army received this name at the insistence of Kornilov, who was in a state of conflict with Alekseev and dissatisfied with the forced compromise with the head of the former "Alekseevskaya organization": the division of spheres of influence, as a result of which, when the Kornilov took all the fullness of military power, Alekseev still retained political leadership and finances. By the end of December 1917, 3 thousand people had volunteered for the army. By mid-January 1918, there were already 5 thousand of them, by the beginning of February - about 6 thousand. At the same time, the combat element of the Good Army did not exceed 4½ thousand people.General MV Alekseev became the supreme leader of the army, and General Lavr Kornilov became the commander-in-chief of the General Staff.
White guard uniform
The uniform of the White Guards, as you know, was created on the basis of the military uniform of the former tsarist army. Caps or hats were used as a headdress. In the cold season, a hood - cloth - was worn over the cap. A tunic remained an integral part of the uniform of the White Guards - a loose shirt with a standing collar, made of cotton fabric or thin cloth. One could see shoulder straps on it. Another important element of the White Guards uniform is the greatcoat.
Heroes of the White Army:
- Yudenich N.N.
Wrangel P.N.
Denikin A.I.
Dutov A.I.
Kappel V.O.
Kolchak A.V.
Kornilov L.G.
Krasnov P.N.
Semenov G.M.
Wrangel P.N. (1878-1928)
Pyotr Nikolaevich Wrangel is a Russian military leader, a participant in the Russian-Japanese and World War I, one of the main leaders of the White movement during the Civil War. Enrolled in the Volunteer Army. During the 2nd Kuban campaign, he commanded the 1st Cavalry Division, and then the 1st Cavalry Corps. He commanded the Caucasian Volunteer Army. He was appointed commander of the Volunteer Army operating in the Moscow direction. Ruler of the South of Russia and Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army. Since November 1920 - in exile.
Post-war activities:
1920 - moved to Belgium
The 5th volume of "Essays on Russian Troubles" was completed by him in 1926 in Brussels.
In 1926 Denikin moved to France and took up literary work.
Since 1936 he began to publish the newspaper "Volunteer".
On December 9, 1945, Denikin spoke at numerous meetings in America and addressed a letter to General Eisenhower with an appeal to stop the forced extradition of Russian prisoners of war.
In 1924, Wrangel created the Russian General Military Union (ROVS), which united most of the members of the White movement in exile.
In September 1927, Wrangel moved with his family to Brussels. He worked as an engineer in one of the Brussels firms.
On April 25, 1928, he died suddenly in Brussels, after a sudden infection with tuberculosis. According to the assumptions of his relatives, he was poisoned by the brother of his servant, who was a Bolshevik agent.
Denikin A.I. (1872-1947)
Took part in the organization and formation of the Volunteer Army. Appointed Chief of the 1st Volunteer Division. In the 1st Kuban campaign, he acted as Deputy Commander of the Volunteer Army, General Kornilov. Became the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia (ARSUR).
Post-war activities:
Kappel V.O. (1883-1920)
Kolchak A.V. (1874-1920)
Alexander Vasilievich Kolchak - Russian scientist-oceanographer, one of the largest polar explorers, military and political leader, naval commander, admiral, leader of the White movement.Established a military regime
dictatorships in Siberia, the Urals and the Far East, liquidated by the Red Army and partisans. Member of the Board of the CER. He was appointed Minister of War and Naval Minister of the Government of the Directory. was elected the Supreme Ruler of Russia with the production of full admirals. Kolchak was shot together with the Chairman of the Council of Ministers V. N. Pepelyaev at 5 o'clock in the morning on the banks of the Ushakovka River.
Kornilov L.G. (1870-1918)
Commander of the newly created Volunteer Army. Killed 04/13/1918 during the storming of Yekaterinodar (Krasnodar) in the 1st Kuban (Ice) campaign.
Krasnov P.N. (1869-1947)
Pyotr Nikolaevich Krasnov - General of the Russian Imperial Army, Ataman Of the Great Don Army, military and political figure, famous writer and publicist.
Krasnov's Don army occupied the territoryDon Cossacks Areasby knocking out parts Red army , and he himself was elected ataman Don Cossacks. The Don army in 1918 was on the verge of death, and Krasnov decided to unite with the Volunteer Army under the command of A. I. Denikin. Soon Krasnov himself was forced to resign and left forNorthwest Army Yudenich based in Estonia.
Post-war activities:
Emigrated in 1920. Lived in Germany, near Munich
Since November 1923 - in France.
Was one of the founders of "Brotherhood of Russian Truth»
Since 1936 lived in Germany.
From September 1943, chief Main Directorate of Cossack TroopsImperial Ministry of the Eastern Occupied Territories Germany.
May 1945 surrendered to the British.
He was transferred to Moscow, where he was held in the Butyrka prison.
By the verdict Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSRP.N.Krasnov was hanged in Moscow, inLefortovo prison January 16, 1947.
Grigory Mikhailovich Semyonov - Cossack ataman, leader of the White movement in Transbaikalia and the Far East,lieutenant general White Army ... Continued to form in Transbaikalia equestrian Buryat-Mongolian Cossack detachment. In the troops of Semyonov, three new regiments were formed: the 1st Ononsky, the 2nd Akshinsko-Mangutsky and the 3rd Purinsky. Was created military school for cadets ... Semyonov was appointed commander of the 5th Amur Army Corps. Appointed Commander of the 6th East Siberian Army Corps, Assistant to the Chief Chief of the Amur Region and Assistant commander the troops of the Amur Military District, the commander of the troops of the Irkutsk, Trans-Baikal and Amur military districts.In 1946 he was sentenced to death.
Yudenich N.N. (1862-1933)
In June 1919, Kolchak was appointed commander-in-chief of the north-west. army, formed by the Russian White Guards in Estonia, and became part of the Russian White Guard Northwest government formed in Estonia. Took from the north-west. army of the second campaign against Petrograd. The offensive was defeated at Petrograd. After the defeat of the north-west. army, was arrested by General Bulak-Balakhovich, but after the intervention of the allied governments was released and went abroad. Died ofpulmonary tuberculosis.
Results of the Civil War
In a fierce armed struggle, the Bolsheviks managed to retain power in their hands. All state formations that emerged after the collapse of the Russian Empire were eliminated, with the exception of Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland.
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