The West Siberian Economic Region (ZSER) includes 9 federal subjects:

Altai Territory (Barnaul);

Regions: Kemerovo; Novosibirsk; Omsk; Tomsk;

Tyumen;

Autonomous Okrugs: Khanty-Mansiysk - Yugra (Khanty-Manksiysk; Yamalo-Nenets (Salekhard);

Altai Republic (Gorno-Altaysk).

West Siberian economic region occupies space to the east of the Ural Mountains almost to the Yenisei. This is one of the largest economic regions of Russia in terms of territory.

Possessing the richest natural resources, the region has favorable prerequisites for economic development, but the peculiar natural and climatic conditions greatly complicate the situation.

Most of the territory of the district is occupied by West Siberian Plain. Altai mountainous country located in the southeast - the highest part of Western Siberia (Belukha - 4506m). The Arctic Ocean has a noticeable effect on the nature of the Far North.

The main river of the district- Ob- navigable along its entire length and flows into the Kara Sea. The river has many tributaries, many of them are navigable. The district's rivers serve as transport arteries and for water supply. The hydropower potential of the rivers is small (flat area). Swampiness extremely complicates the laying of transport routes, the development of oil and gas fields.

The West Siberian region is rich in various minerals. There are huge reserves of oil and gas. The region accounts for over 60% of Russian peat reserves. To the north of Altai is the Kuznetsk coal basin (Kuzbass). In the south of the Kemerovo region (Gornaya Shoria), iron ores were mined, but they are almost depleted. The main reserves of iron ore are located in the Ob region, in the Tomsk region. Mercury and gold were found in Altai.

In the foothills of Altai there is a resort of Belokurikha with mineral springs and. Dense forests, rushing rivers, famous Teletskoe lake attract numerous tourists to Altai.

Population district - 16 million people, 2/3 of the population of the entire eastern (Asian) part of Russia live here. The average population density is 6 people. by 1 km 2. It is placed extremely unevenly. The most densely populated strip along the Trans-Siberian railway and the Kemerovo region (33 people per 1 km 2). In the taiga, villages are found mainly along river valleys. In the Tomsk and Tyumen regions, in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, the population density is 2- 3 persons by 1 km 2. Even less often the population is located in the tundra (in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the population density is 0.6 people per 1 km 2).

More than 90% of the population Russians, rather high proportion Ukrainians. The indigenous population of the northern regions yentsy inhabit the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District Nationalities live in the middle reaches of the Ob Khanty and Mansi. The indigenous population of the mountains (south of Western Siberia) - peoples of the Turkic language group - Altaians, Shors, in areas bordering with Kazakhstan live Kazakhs.

As a result of the industrial development of the region, the proportion of the urban population increased (71%). Large cities of the West Siberian region are located mainly at the crossing points of navigable rivers by railways. Especially stand out Novosibirsk and Omsk ("millionaire cities"). Many cities have grown up in areas of mining, timber processing and agricultural products. In the highly urbanized Kemerovo region (87%), cities are located mainly along the main railway.

In recent years, the urban population in the Middle Ob region and in the north of the region has noticeably increased (the urbanization coefficient in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is 91%). Modern cities have grown up here:

Nadym - based on the Medvezhye oil field;

Urengoy - near the Urengoyskoye gas field, etc. Western Siberia compares favorably with the availability of labor resources , being a favorable factor in economic development.

16.2. Economic specialization of the district.

Branches of specialization farms of Western Siberia are :

Fuel industry (oil, gas, coal mining);

Metallurgy;

Chemistry and Petrochemistry;

Mechanical engineering;

Grain farming.

Due to the large-scale development of natural resources, Western Siberia has become the main base of Russia for oil and gas production, and in recent years, the basis of the country's financial stability... The West Siberian economic region produces about 90% of all Russian gas and 70% of oil.

The oil produced here is of high quality, and its cost price is the lowest in the country. Oil and gas occur in loose sedimentary rocks at a depth of 700-3000 m.

Largest oil fields, which, in turn, is the main source of income for all Russian exports are located in the Tyumen region: Samotlorskoye; Ust-Balykskoe; Surgutskoe.

On the basis of oil and gas, as well as the timber industry in Western Siberia, a West Siberian TPK (territorial-production complex) of the petrochemical and woodworking industries.

Created in the south of Western Siberia Kuznetsk-Altai TPK ... Specialization of TPK enterprises in the coal industry (Kuzbass) and metallurgy.

One of the problems of the TPK district- oil and gas fields are aging, production is falling, and the issue of utilization of bottom water from them becomes especially important. For example, at Samotlor, 1 million tons of product is produced daily: 50 thousand tons is oil itself, and 950 thousand tons of "water with oil drops" (in the words of II Nesterov) is pumped back into the bowels. The most important task of researchers is to find objects where water can be buried without harming the environment. In 2008. for the first time in Russia a license for underground disposal of solid waste was obtained. The task of scientists is geological support of applications for obtaining a license.

At the same time, the oil and gas complex is not only the basis of the region's competitiveness, but also a source of risks for its development in the future. The high degree of dependence of the base sector on the global conjuncture of hydrocarbon prices creates additional problems, since the sustainable socio-economic development of the region, primarily its northern territories, also depends on external destabilizing factors. The south of the region is more resistant to market changes in the energy market, although for the enterprises of the southern zone of the region, the fuel and energy complex is a consumer of a significant part of the products, work performed and services provided.

As international experience shows, in the future, the main investors in the development of petroleum and gas chemistry will be large production companies that organize successive chains of deep processing of hydrocarbons.

Largest gas fields: Urengoyskoe; Bearish; Yamburgskoe. Now a new branch of the Yamal - Europe gas pipeline is being laid

Kuzbass is a coal and metallurgical base of republican significance. Kuznetsk coal is consumed in Western Siberia, the Urals, the European part of Russia, and Kazakhstan.

Main center of ferrous metallurgy- Novokuznetsk(a ferroalloy plant and 2 plants of a complete metallurgical cycle). The Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combine uses local ores from Gornaya Shoria.

Non-ferrous metallurgy represented by a zinc plant (Belove), an aluminum plant (Novokuznetsk), plants in Novosibirsk, where tin and alloys are produced from Far Eastern concentrates. The local nepheline deposit, a raw material base for the aluminum industry, has been developed.

Mechanical engineering the district serves the needs of all Siberia. In Kuzbass, metal-intensive mining and metallurgical equipment and machine tools are made. In Novosibirsk, heavy machine tools and hydraulic presses are produced, and there is also a turbine generator plant.

The chemical industry is developing on the coal coking base in Kuzbass produces: nitrogen fertilizers; synthetic dyes; medicines; plastics; tires.

In connection with the rapid development of oil and gas production in Western Siberia, the question of ecology areas North of Russia. Gushing oil, pipeline failures lead to water pollution in rivers and lakes, damage to fish resources. Forests also suffer from human activities. All these processes affect the decrease in the size of the territory where the indigenous population of Western Siberia can engage in hunting, fishing, and reindeer husbandry.

Agro-industrial complex. V In the forest and tundra zone of the region, conditions for agriculture are unfavorable, and reindeer husbandry, fishing and fur trade play the main role here. The south of Western Siberia (forest-steppe and steppe zone with chernozem soils) is one of the main grain-growing regions of Russia. Cattle, sheep and poultry are also raised here. Created creations in the forest-steppe zone. Meat processing plants, wool-washing factories - in the steppe. In Gorny Altai, goats and yaks are bred.

Transport. The Great Siberian Railway - Transsib was built in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. Later, the South Siberian Railway was built, connecting Kuzbass, Kazakhstan and Eastern Siberia, and a number of roads were laid to the north. The Asino - Bely Yar timber road was put into operation. Railways Tyumen - Tobolsk - Surgut, Surgut - Nizhnevartovsk were built.

Construction is very expensive in the area highways(features of construction in the area of ​​permafrost and wetlands).

High rates of development have pipeline transport... Oil pipelines have been built and are operating. Gas pipelines have been laid from production sites in the north of the region. For example, 6 gas pipelines with a total length of more than 20 thousand km have been laid to the west from the Urengoyskoye gas field, and new routes are being built.

Control questions

1. What are the features of the district's EGP?

2. What are the main branches of specialization of the area?

3. Why is the issue of ecology acute in the district?

4.Agricultural complex of the district?

5. What are the features of the district's transport infrastructure?

According to the economic and geographical position, the nature of natural conditions and resources and the originality of the historical development and specialization of the economy in the territory of the West Siberian economic region, two subdistricts can be distinguished - Kuznetsk-Altai and West Siberian.

Kuznetsk-Altai subdistrict includes Kemerovo, Novosibirsk oblasts, Altai Krai and the Altai Republic. Although the subdistrict occupies less than 20% of the territory of Western Siberia, it concentrates about 60% of the total population of the district. The Kuznetsk-Altai subregion is distinguished by its coal, metallurgical, chemical and machine-building industries, large agricultural production with a somewhat limited scale of logging. All mining of non-ferrous metal ores, ferrous metal ores, all production of coke, chemical fibers, production of aluminum and ferroalloys, steam boilers, railway cars, tractors are concentrated in this sub-region. Metal-intensive machine building of Kuzbass is largely focused on the needs of the coal and metallurgical industries. The mechanical engineering of the Novosibirsk Region and the Altai Territory is mainly transport, energy, and agricultural. The food and light industry in Kuzbass is associated with the rational use of labor resources, especially female labor, while in the Altai Territory and Novosibirsk Oblast, these industries are associated with the presence of an agricultural base and the need to build up industrial potential. Agriculture of the Kemerovo Region is largely suburban in nature, while in the Novosibirsk Region and Altai Territory, agriculture is inter-district in nature and is focused on the supply of agricultural products to other regions of the country. However, these internal differences in the subdistrict strengthen the economic unity of Kuzbass and Altai.

In Kuzbass, an industrial region was formed as part of a number of industrial centers - Novokuznetsk, Prokopyevsk-Kiselevsky, Belovo-Leninsk-Kuznetsk, Kemerovo. In the Novosibirsk region and in the Altai Territory, the main form of the territorial organization of industry is a separate center. The only exceptions are two industrial hubs - Novosibirsk and Barnaul-Novoaltaisky.

The largest cities of the Kuznetsk-Altai subdistrict are Novosibirsk, located at the intersection of the main Siberian highway with the Ob, Kemerovo on the river. Tom and Novokuznetsk.

V Novosibirsk a variety of mechanical engineering is developed. Akademgorodok, the center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, is located near the city. V Kemerovo the chemical industry and various mechanical engineering are developed. Novokuznetsk - center of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, coal mining, mining equipment production.

Altai region and Altai Republic - areas of grazing livestock with growing non-ferrous metallurgy, logging, food and light industries. In agriculture, along with the traditional industries - sheep breeding, goat breeding and horse breeding, maral breeding is widely developed. Agriculture specializes in the cultivation of gray crops, potatoes, fodder crops. The sanatorium-resort economy (the resorts of Belokurikha, Chemal) and tourism are of great importance. Barnaul is the center of various mechanical engineering, chemical, light and food industries. The center of the Republic is Gorno-Altaysk.

See also:

From 1992 to 1996, I worked at the Akilovskaya basic school in the Kochevsky district of the Perm region. This educational institution was declared an experimental site on the topic “Block-laboratory system based on immersion in an object”. In 1997, I changed my place of residence, but the nostalgia for experimental work remained and I continued to work in this direction, already in another school. The structure and principles of building the lesson have been preserved. An educational lesson is distinguished by a clear organization, a high level of independence and self-organization of students, and a differentiation of the educational process. I propose one of the developments of such a lesson.

Geography lesson in grade 9
developed by a geography teacher of the first qualification category of the MOU
“PSOSH №2” by S.Ye. Huranova

Textbook Rom V.Ya., Dronov V.P. “Geography of Russia. Population and Economy ”.

During the classes.

Composition: Tyumen, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo regions, Altai Territory, rep. Altai, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, KhMAO

2) Compose a story (based on LOC) about the economy of Western Siberia.

3) Describe the TPK of Western Siberia according to the plan:

1. Geographical location.

2. Natural conditions and resources.

3. TPK specialization.

4. Problems and development prospects.

• 1st option - Kuznetsk-Altai coal and metallurgical TPK;
• 2nd option - West Siberian petrochemical plant)
.

4) Additional tasks (at the choice of students) of a problem-search nature:

• prove that Western Siberia stands out for its powerful economy;
• formulate the problems facing the West Siberian petrochemical complex;
• compose an advertising brochure in the pictures of the West Siberian economic region.

1) A story about Western Siberia (based on LOK).

2) Description of the West Siberian and Kuznetsk-Altai TPK according to plan.

3) Checking the fulfillment of additional tasks of a problem-search nature (at the teacher's choice).

• Evidence that Western Siberia has a strong economy:

1. Diversified economy;
2. Developed scientific base;
3. This is the main oil, gas and coal base of the country;
4. Large metallurgical base;
5. A region with developed grain farming.

• Problems of the West Siberian TPK:

a) insufficient development of the oil and gas processing industry;

c) insufficient development of the chemical industry;

(c) environmental problems;

d) problems of the peoples of the Far North;

f) shortage of labor resources;

f) insufficient development of social infrastructure.

• Exhibition of advertising brochures.

4) The game "Do you believe - do not you believe?"

Students have signal cards. The teacher asks a question and reads the answer options. Pupils raise the required card: “BELIEVE” - white, “DO NOT BELIEVE” - black.

1 question. What are the main features of the EGP and FGP of the West Siberian region:

• large area °
• distance from central regions °
• Neighborhood with the Ural District °
• good transport network
·
• access to the seas of the Arctic Ocean °
• favorable natural conditions ·
• rich natural resources °
• the main territory of the region has a flat relief °
• borders with Kazakhstan and Mongolia.

2 question. What resources is the Kuznetsk-Altai TPK rich in?

Question 3: What branches of specialization have developed in the West Siberian TPK?

4 question. What branches of mechanical engineering are developed in Western Siberia?

• heavy °
• exact °
• agricultural °
• automotive industry ·

OUTPUT. The main economic function of Western Siberia is the supply of oil and gas to the European part of the country. The role of coal has been declining lately.

Tasks are given incrementally from option A to B. Students are required to complete tasks, starting at level A.

Level A - corresponds to the mark "3", a test that determines the minimum basic level on the topic.

Level B - corresponds to the mark "4", includes leading concepts on the topic.

Level B - corresponds to the mark "5", difficult and creative tasks.

2.Set the correspondence:

3. Set the correspondence:

4. In western Siberia, the North zone occupies:

1. Most of the territory;
2. About half;
3. A smaller part.

5. Of the resources of Western Siberia, the most important for the country are:

1. Forest;
2. Fuel and energy;
3. Ore.

6. The complex of structural materials is developed in Western Siberia:

1. In the north;
2. On South.

7. Set the correspondence:

8. The economy of Western Siberia mainly uses resources:

1. Own;
2. Imported.

B. Explain concepts.

C. Creative assignments of the students' choice.

1. Draw a diagram of the Siberian Metallurgical Base.

2. There is such a song among the Mansi peoples:

We will leave, leave the earth
Not to be born again
And on fast skiing horses
Do not skim after sables.
Our boats are like graves
On the sands they will rot sadly,
And in empty villages
Only mice will live.

What problem of the indigenous people of the North is mentioned in the poem?

What other indigenous issues would you add? Suggest ways to solve these problems.

Note: the material is designed for 2 paired lessons.

Application

Agriculture

The agriculture of Western Siberia is characterized by the production of grain, industrial crops, vegetables, potatoes, as well as the development of dairy and meat cattle breeding, sheep breeding and reindeer breeding. The main crops are wheat, rye, barley and oats. To increase the productivity and sustainability of agriculture, work is being carried out to drain the lands of the Baraba forest-steppe and irrigate lands in the Kulunda steppe. Aleiskaya and Kulundinskaya irrigation systems have been created. In addition to the areas of animal husbandry traditional for Western Siberia, in the mountainous Altai, horses, yak-sarlyks, marals and sika deer are bred. Camel breeding is practiced in the south of Western Siberia.

Transport and economic links

The transport routes of Western Siberia are distinguished by high freight intensity. In addition to the main Siberian railway, the South Siberian railway was built, which played an important role in the development of the production forces of Kuzbass and Altai. A number of lines departed from it in the north and south directions. A railway was built: Irtyshskaya - Karasuk - Kamen on the Ob - Altai. The new railway line is: Tyumen - Tobolsk - Surgut - Nizhnevartovsk - Urengoy. To a large extent, interregional and intraregional transportation of goods in Western Siberia is carried out along the rivers of the Ob-Irtysh basin. Pipeline transport and power lines are especially widely developed in Western Siberia. Of great importance is the Chuysky tract road, which provides connections with Mongolia. For passenger and cargo transportation, air transport is of great importance, without which it is difficult to imagine the implementation of regular internal and external relations.

A feature of interregional ties is the predominance of export over import. The region exports oil, gas, coal, lumber, metal, concentrates of non-ferrous metal ores, etc. Machinery and equipment, food, consumer goods are imported.

Regional differences

Kemerovo region has enormous natural resources - high-quality coking coal, iron ores, various non-ferrous metal ores, building materials, forest resources. This is the first coal base in Russia and the second metallurgical base after the Urals. The leading sectors of the region's market specialization are coal mining, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, the chemical industry and metal-intensive machine building, especially the production of equipment for the industries of specialization. In the region's agriculture, a leading role is played by agriculture, which specializes in the production of cereals, potatoes, and vegetables, as well as dairy and meat cattle breeding. The largest industrial center of the region is Kemerovo. Mechanical engineering and chemical industry are especially developed in the city. The second largest industrial center is Novokuznetsk, where one of the largest in Russia Novokuznetsk Metallurgical Plant operates, and 30 km away. from it is the West Siberian Metallurgical Plant. Coal mining centers are Prokopyevsk, Kiselevsk, Anzhero-Sudzhensk, Mezhdurechensk, Leninsk-Kuznetskiy. The center of non-ferrous metallurgy is Belovo.

Tyumen region- the main base of Russia for oil and gas production. It is also a large timber industry region. The main branches of market specialization are oil production, gas production, petrochemical - a large petrochemical complex has developed in Tobolsk. The branch of specialization is the timber industry. In agriculture, there are conditions for farming. Rye, spring wheat, oats, flax, potatoes and vegetables are cultivated. Livestock breeding specializes in cattle and sheep breeding; reindeer husbandry is developed in the northern regions. Tyumen is a large industrial center, where mechanical engineering, woodworking, light food industry and especially petrochemistry are developed.

Cities with the main specialization in oil and gas have grown in the region - Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Nefteyugansk, Strezhevoy, Urengoy, etc.

In the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug the most important branch of specialization is the oil and gas industry. Its centers are Ust-Balsk, Surgut. Shaim, Berezovo. The forestry, fishing industry, and fur trade are also developed. Reindeer husbandry and dairy farming occupy the most important places in agriculture. Vegetables and potatoes are grown in the suburbs. The center of the district is Khanty-Mansiysk.

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug possesses unique gas resources, especially promising on the Yamal Peninsula and the continental shelf of the Kara Sea. The district is also rich in oil resources. The main branches of specialization are oil and gas production, fishing industry, fur trade, fur farming and reindeer husbandry. The center of the district is Salekhard.

Tomsk region It is also rich in natural resources - oil, gas, iron ore, a variety of building materials, as well as forest resources with high-quality timber from such valuable tree species as spruce, pine, cedar and fir. River fishing and fur trade are developed. Agriculture specializes in the production of crops such as rye, spring wheat, oats, vegetables, potatoes. Dairy farming is also well developed. Tomsk is a large industrial center of the region. The city has developed mechanical engineering, metalworking, woodworking, chemical-pharmaceutical, rubber-technical industries. The region especially stands out for its large petrochemical complex. In the city of Asina, the largest in Western Siberia, the Asinsky timber processing complex, was created.

Altai region is the largest agricultural base in Western Siberia and at the same time stands out for its developed industry, especially mechanical engineering, chemical industry, light and food industries. The mining industry, woodworking, and fur trade were developed.

In agriculture, the leading place is occupied by agriculture. Spring wheat, sunflower, potatoes, vegetables are grown. Meat and wool animal husbandry is well developed. Barnaul is a major center of the region. In this city, such industries as machine building are developing, producing boilers, motors, mechanical presses, etc. Chemical enterprises produce rubber products, viscose and nylon fiber, etc. The textile food industry has developed. The center of tractor construction is Rubtsovsk. The food industry is also well developed here. The largest industrial center is Biysk - the center of mechanical engineering and various food industries.

Altai Republic are characterized by the richest forest resources with valuable tree species (cedar, pine, spruce), non-ferrous metals, especially mercury. The leading branches of the republic's specialization are fine-wool sheep breeding, fur trade, mining of non-ferrous metals, especially mercury and gold. The only protected area for maral breeding in Russia has been created. Pantocrine is obtained from the antlers of maral deer. The republic gives 60% of all antlers in the country. Agriculture is developing. Yaks and sarlyks are bred. They grow gray breads, potatoes, vegetables. The center of the republic is the city of Gorno-Altaysk.

Novosibirsk region It is distinguished primarily by such industries as machine building, mainly machine tool building and power engineering. Such industries as chemical, light industry, production of building materials are also developed. The region has a highly developed agriculture, which specializes in the production of spring wheat and dairy and meat cattle breeding. The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences is located in Novosibirsk. Multidisciplinary research institutes are located in a specially built academic town near Novosibirsk. Novosibirsk is a large center of the region and the largest city in terms of population. A number of machine-building enterprises are located in the city, producing generators for turbines, electric motors, metal-cutting machines, and various equipment. The metal is produced at the Kuzmin Metallurgical Plant. It produces sheet steel, electrically welded pipes.

Chemical industry enterprises located in the city produce plastics, household chemicals, and medicines. There are also enterprises in the textile, clothing, knitwear, footwear and food industries. In the cities of Berdsk, Iskitim, the production of building materials is developed, in Barabinsk and Kuibyshev - mechanical engineering and the food industry.

Omsk region specializes in the refining of oil coming through the pipeline from the Tyumen region, the chemical industry, mechanical engineering and the food industry. In agriculture, the region specializes in the cultivation of spring wheat, vegetables, potatoes and dairy and meat cattle breeding.

Omsk is a large industrial center of the region. Like Novosibirsk, Omsk is one of the largest cities in Russia. Mechanical engineering is developed in the city, which produces spare parts for tractors, cars and agricultural machines for the eastern regions of the country. Plants them. Kuibysheva and Omskselmash produce equipment for livestock farms and accessories for agricultural machinery. The oxygen machine-building plant is in operation, the Omsk-Gazoapparat plant produces equipment for the gas industry.

In addition to the oil refinery, the chemical industry produces tires, soot, synthetic rubber, and fibers. The light and food industries were developed.

By the peculiarities of the economic and geographical position, the nature of natural conditions and resources, by the originality of the historical development and specialization of the economy on the territory of the West Siberian economic region, two subdistricts can be distinguished - Kuznetsk-Altai and West Siberian. In the future, they can become independent large economic regions.

Kuznetsk-Altai subdistrict includes Kemerovo, Novosibirsk oblasts, Altai Krai and the Altai Republic. Although this subdistrict occupies less than 20% of the territory of Western Siberia, it is home to about 60% of the total population of the district. The Kuznetsk-Altai subdistrict is distinguished by its coal, metallurgical, chemical, machine-building industries, a developed agro-industrial complex with a somewhat limited scale of logging.

All mining of non-ferrous metal ores, ferrous metal ores, all production of coke, chemical fibers, production of aluminum and ferroalloys, steam boilers, railway cars, tractors are concentrated in the subdistrict. The metal-intensive machine building of Kusbass is largely focused on the needs of the coal and metallurgical industries, and the machine building of the Novosibirsk Region and the Altai Territory is mainly transport, energy, and agricultural. The food and light industry in Kuzbass is associated with the rational use of labor resources, especially female labor, while in the Altai Territory and Novosibirsk Oblast, these industries are associated with the presence of an agricultural base and the need to build up industrial potential. Agriculture of the Kemerovo Region is largely suburban in nature, while in the Novosibirsk Region and Altai Territory, agriculture is inter-district in nature and is focused on the supply of agricultural products to other regions of the country. However, these internal differences in the subdistrict strengthen the economic unity of Kuzbass and Altai.

West Siberian subdistrict located within the Tyumen, Omsk, and Tomsk regions. With the exception of the strip along the Trans-Siberian Railway, its territory is the least developed part of Western Siberia. At the same time, due to the presence of large and highly efficient oil, gas, forest and water resources, the process of formation of a large program-target West Siberian territorial production complex (TPK) is underway at an accelerated pace. It is located in the north of the Tyumen and Tomsk regions, and its market specialization is oil, gas, forestry, fishing, reindeer husbandry and hunting. The southern part of this subdistrict became the base zone of the centers of this TPK, in which the resources of the north are processed and the necessary industrial equipment and food products are manufactured for the TPK.

The West Siberian economic region has specific environmental problems associated with the location of productive forces, especially with the development of the oil, gas and coal industries in the region, which lead to serious environmental disturbances.

The sensitivity of the ecological systems of the north of Western Siberia to anthropogenic impact, the influence of transport, and the destruction of reindeer pastures is especially high. All this reduces the productivity of the territory, therefore, a production organization is needed that would ensure the preservation of the environment.

In the conditions of the formation and development of market relations, economic reforms, Western Siberia will retain its role as the country's largest fuel, energy and export base. The leading role is played by the gas, oil and coal industries. New forms of organization and ownership will make it possible in the coming years to stop the decline in production in these industries and bring them to active market activity. We already have experience of entering the market in Western Siberia. The state gas concern not only prevented a decline in production, but was also able to increase capacity amid the crisis in Russia. At present, the process of corporatization is being intensively carried out in other industries, primarily in the coal and oil industries. The main factors for the further development of the economy of the West Siberian region are the conjuncture in the world oil, gas and coal markets, as well as in the markets of the CIS countries.

The priority development of the branches of the fuel and energy complex in Western Siberia will require centralized capital investments from the federal budget and attraction of foreign investments in the development of new oil and gas fields, especially on the Yamal Peninsula.