Download presentation on astronomy starry sky. And the "starry sky" above us

"Main characteristics of stars" - The angle at which the radius of the earth's orbit is visible from the star. Like the Sun, the stars illuminate the Earth. Distance to the star. Distances to the stars. Spectral classification of stars. Masses of stars. The speed of the stars. Distance from the Sun to the nearest star. The parallax method is currently the most accurate method.

"The structure and evolution of stars" - Nuclear reactions in stars. Combustion of C and O at the later stages of evolution. Hertzsprung - Russell diagram. A diagram of the evolution of a single star. The ratio of mass to luminosity. Model of the Sun. Degenerate electron gas pressure. Animation NASA. Sirius V. Hydrostatic equilibrium. Opacity of matter in the interiors of stars.

Distances to Stars - Distances to stars. Hipparchus. Even the naked eye can see that the world around us is extremely diverse. The supergiant in the constellation Scorpio is Antares. Distances to the stars. The brightest stars in ancient times were called stars of the first magnitude. Stars differ in color and brilliance.

"Black holes" - Away from the hole, the rays bend weakly. Singularity - all the matter of a black hole, collected in an infinitesimal point. After using all the reserves of nuclear fuel and the cessation of reactions, the star dies. Astronomer Karl Schwarzschild in the last years of his life calculated the gravitational field around a zero-volume mass.

"Starry Sky" - Northern Hemisphere. Celestial sphere. Johann Bayer. Big Dipper bucket. Plot of the celestial sphere. Bright stars. Stars. Constellation images. Bright stars. The stars were the main landmarks. Winter triangle. Starry sky. Greek alphabet letters. Ancient astronomers. Constellation Ursa Major.

"Star structure" - Yellow - white. Canopus. Shaved. Mass. Colour. The structure. Sizes. One. Temperature (color). White. The physical nature of the stars. effective temperature K. Class. Orange. Rigel. Crossbar blue-white, White-blue. Age. The luminosity of the stars. Red. The stars have a wide variety of colors. Yellow. Radii of stars.

There are 17 presentations in total

Constellations of the starry sky

Astronomy presentation

Made by the physics teacher Pronkina V.S.

• Ursa Major is a huge constellation of the Northern Hemisphere, which is made up of seven bright stars arranged in a bucket shape with a long handle. The penultimate star bears the Arabic name Mizar ("Horse"). There is not a bright star Alcor very close to it. ("The Horseman). These luminaries can be used to check visual acuity.

• This is how the Big Dipper was depicted in an old star atlas.

• The Big Dipper has a long tail. Bears don't have that. The Greeks said that once Zeus fell in love with the beautiful girl Callisto. But the jealous wife of Zeus, Hera, turned her into an ugly bear. Then Zeus dragged the beast into the sky and made it a beautiful constellation. Dragged by the tail - so he stretched out.

Ursa Minor

A smaller seven-star bucket shines next to Ursa Major - this is the constellation Ursa Minor. According to legend, Zeus turned Arcade, the son of Callisto, into Ursa Minor.

Constellation dragon

The long constellation of the Dragon seems to wind around the North Pole, surrounding the Ursa Minor on three sides. The Greeks associate it with the myth of the battle of the gods and titans. During the battle, one of the titans threw a dragon at the goddess of wisdom Athena, but she grabbed the snake by the tail and threw it into the sky. The wriggling dragon flew to the very pole of the sky and froze to the sky there.

Constellation Andromeda

The huge constellation Andromeda is a girl with outstretched arms. The wrists were chained to the rock. This is how Perseus saw her. He fell in love with the girl and decided to save her. The king and queen promised Perseus that they would give Andromeda in marriage if he protected the girl from the whale. Here the waves foamed, and a sea monster emerged. The whale was about to pounce on Perseus, but the young man showed him the head of Medusa. Under the gaze of even the dead Medusa, the whale turned into a huge rock. Perseus freed the rescued andromeda from the shackles. Lovers shone in the sky with constellations

Insert a picture

Constellation cassiopeia

Easiest to find in the sky. It shines in the sky with a giant letter "M"

Slide 2

The night sky is one of the most beautiful sights in nature. Myriad stars sparkle in the dark depths. Bright planets and tailed comets move between stars

Slide 3

In 1608, the Dutchman Hans Lippersheim created a telescope. However, the first person to use a telescope to study the starry sky was the Italian Galileo Galilei. He made out Jupiter's moons, craters on the moon, and sunspots. His telescope was very small. Later, optical instruments reached 50 meters in length.

Slide 4

What is the Solar System?

Our star - the Sun - has its own family, it includes 9 planets that revolve around the Sun. Stars are made of hot gases. What planets of the solar system do you know? What can you tell us about them?

Slide 5

Neptune Uranus Slide 6 Pluto Marsd 9 Slide 12 Sun Venus Slide 14 Jupiter Saturn Slide 13 Earth Mercury Slide 11 Moon

Slide 6

NEPTUNE By tradition, the eighth planet from the Sun was named after the ancient god. This honor went to the god of the seas, Neptune. In modern astrology, Neptune associated with water symbolizes the primordial beginning, from which feelings and emotions are born. He is the embodiment of a memory that takes us back millennia.

Slide 7

URANUS Uranus is the seventh planet in the distance from the sun and is named after the Greek God of the sky Uranus. Uranus became the first planet discovered in modern times and with the help of a telescope.

Slide 8

PLUTO Pluto is the ninth planet in the solar system. It is the farthest known planet in the solar system. You can see it either in photographs or through a powerful telescope.

Slide 9

Venus is the second planet from the Sun. Its surface is inaccessible to optical observations from the Earth, since the planet is shrouded in clouds. Constant winds blow in the air. Near the surface, their speed is insignificant, but increases with height. There are active volcanoes on the planet VENUS

Slide 10

SATURN Saturn is the sixth planet in the solar system. Saturn is named after the Roman God of Agriculture. Saturn possesses a powerful ring system made up of ice and dust particles.

Slide 11

Mars The fourth planet of the solar system. Many call it another "dead" planet or red planet.

Slide 12

mercury Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun. The ancient Romans considered Mercury to be the patron saint of commerce, travelers and thieves, as well as the messenger of the gods. It is not surprising that a small planet, rapidly moving across the sky after the Sun, received his name.

Slide 13

The Moon Much has been written about the Moon, and, perhaps, no other celestial body can compete with the Moon in the number of excellent photographic portraits, including those taken at close range from the unmanned space stations. And yet, the Moon still does not want to part with her secrets.

Slide 14

Sun Our daylight, the Sun, a powerful source of energy. Every second, such an amount of heat is radiated from its surface, which would be quite enough to melt a layer of ice a thousand kilometers thick, surrounding a ball equal in size to the Earth. Already about 100 years ago, scientists thought about how to replenish the reserves of energy so generously radiated by the Sun into space.

Slide 15

Earth Earth is not the largest and not the smallest planet in the solar system. However, its position among other planets is unique. The Earth is on average 149.6 million kilometers from the Sun, and it is this distance that provides the temperature range on the surface of our planet within which life can exist.

Slide 16

Jupiter Jupiter is a giant planet, the fifth from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. A number of atmospheric phenomena on Jupiter - such as storms, lightning, auroras - have scales that are orders of magnitude larger than those on Earth.

Slide 17

Quiz "Space"

This yellow star always warms us, illuminates all planets, protects us from other stars. Tiny - the planet was warmed by the First Sun, And agile - a year on it Eighty-eight days.

Slide 18

There are miracles on the planet: Oceans and forests, Oxygen is in the atmosphere, People and animals breathe them. Either it grows thinner, then it grows fat, It shines from the sky, but does not warm it, And it looks at the Earth with only one side.

Slide 19

Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin

Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin - pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, Hero of the Soviet Union, colonel, the first person to fly into outer space.

Slide 20

Slide 21

The street is full of usual noise, Spring is coming, the working day is in full swing, And from the Universe a radio wave Brings a name to everyone: Gagarin! It bursts into all the edges, It flies into all hearts like a swallow. And mother Earth, breathing zataya, The flight of the hero-son is watching.

Slide 22

Valentina Tereshkova

Valentina Tereshkova is the first woman astronaut. I was not afraid, boldly set foot on the cosmic path. She did her job with honor and proved that women are capable of much, and even flight into space. We are proud of those people who have linked their lives with a dangerous, difficult, but noble cause - space flights.

Slide 23

Nutrition for astronauts.

Food: Tubes of food for ISS workers are a thing of the past long ago. Now they eat pre-freeze-dried (dehydrated food), which they choose for themselves from a special menu.

Star
Star
sky
sky
Purpose: to tell
Purpose: to tell
about the starry sky
about the starry sky

At first glance it seems
At first glance it seems
which is impossible
which is impossible
understand the starry
understand the starry
placers. So many stars
placers. So many stars
in the sky.
in the sky.
On a clear dark night the sky
On a clear dark night the sky
appears as gigantic
appears as gigantic
overturned bowl,
overturned bowl,
strewn with stars, and
strewn with stars, and
it becomes clear to us
it becomes clear to us
why the ancients believed
why the ancients believed
huge starry sky
huge starry sky
sphere rotating
sphere rotating
around the Earth.
around the Earth.

Today we know that the stars are
distant, brightly burning suns,
located in space on
different distances from the Earth.

View of the Earth from space.
View of the Earth from space.
Astronauts compared
Astronauts compared
Land with "beautiful
Land with "beautiful
blue diamond ""
blue diamond
Land in a day
Land in a day
commits
commits
one turn
one turn
around his
around his
axis axes
(imagine
(imagine
oh line,
oh line,
passing
passing
across
across
northern and
northern and
southern
southern
poles and
poles and
Centre
Centre
Earth).
Earth).

the surface remains
remains
Seeing the sky as
Seeing the sky as
huge, empty, revolving
empty, revolving
huge,
a globe with the Earth in the center and
a globe with the Earth in the center and
celestial objects nana him
celestial objects
inner surface
internal
convenient. Astronomers call
convenient. Astronomers call
such an imaginary Katrina of the sky
imaginary katrina sky
such
the celestial sphere. ...
celestial sphere
Astronomers use celestial
scope to refer to it
scope to refer to it
positions of stars, galaxies, paths
Sun, moon and planets. When you
you will look at the stars
you will look at the stars
imagine looking at them
from within the celestial sphere.
from within the celestial sphere.

Celestial sphere
Celestial sphere

QUESTION
QUESTION
Why when viewed from Earth
it seems to you that during the night
the stars move across
the stars move across
celestial sphere?
celestial sphere?
Because the Earth
Because the Earth
revolves around
revolves around
its axis inside
its axis inside
celestial sphere
celestial sphere

Usually the sky is divided into sections
plots,
Usually the sky is broken into
inside which the stars are like
inside which the stars are like
grouped into separate shapes -
constellations.
constellations.
Thousands of years ago
Thousands of years ago
people called
people called
constellations in honor
constellations in honor
animals or
animals or
mythological heroes.
mythological heroes.
Over 2000 years ago
Over 2000 years ago
ancient Greeks gave
ancient Greeks gave
names for 48 constellations.
names of 48 constellations.

constellations
constellations

Astronomers today
Astronomers today
use these
use these
ancient names
ancient names
constellations just
constellations just
as designations
as designations
88 areas of the sky.
88 areas of the sky.
Using the constellations
Using the constellations
they search for
they search for
the sky one way or another
the sky one way or another
objects.
objects.
Mars is in the constellation Leo - it is
similar to what to say: Houston
located in the state of Texas.
located in Texas

Inside
Inside
Most
Most
large
large
constellations
constellations
can
can
discern
discern
more
more
small
small
constellations - -
constellations
asterisms
asterisms
known
known
asterism -
asterism -
Ladle,
Ladle,
which the
which the
is an
is an
part
part
constellations
constellations
Big
Big
Bears
Bears

Constellations

Star type
Star type

The stars of the constellation Orion seem
Closely located
Closely located
to each other, and it is created
to each other, and it is created
feeling like they
feeling like they
are on one
are on one
distance from earth
distance from earth
It can be seen that these
It can be seen that these
stars are located
stars are located
at different distances
at different distances

Take a look
Take a look
to star
to star
cards.
cards.
Pay
Pay
Attention
Attention
on the dotted line
on the dotted line
new line
new line
- - ecliptic
ecliptic
- - visible
visible
path of the sun
path of the sun
on the background
on the background
stars.
stars.
Twelve
Twelve
constellations,
constellations,
situated
situated
along
along
ecliptic,
ecliptic,
called the constellations of the zodiac
constellations of the zodiac ..
are called
12 constellation names maps:
Use the map to write the names of the 12 constellations:
Write with

View
View
stellar
stellar
sky
sky
constantly
constantly
is changing
is changing
(from time
(from time
years from
years from
time
time
days, from
days, from
provisions
provisions
observing
observing
la on earth
la on earth
- latitude)
- latitude)

Some stars look brighter
others. Stellar magnitude
Stellar magnitude
others.
is a measure of how much
a celestial object looks bright
when observing from the Earth.
when observing from the Earth.
Celestial objects may seem
bright because:
bright because:
* emit a lot of light
* emit a lot of light
* located close to the Earth
* located close to the Earth
During the IIII century A.D. Greek astronomer
in AD Greek astronomer
Hipparchus divided all the stars by
gloss for 6 classes
shine
stellar magnitudes.
stellar magnitudes.
for 6 classes, or
, or

Description of the stars
Description of the stars
The brightness of a star is measured on a scale
stellar magnitude
stellar magnitude
Absolute stellar magnitude
Absolute
stellar magnitude - -
the actual brightness of the star in
the brightness of the star in
valid
outer space
outer space
Apparent luminance - - luminance visible from
brightness visible from
Visible brightness
Of the earth
Of the earth
The brightest have zero or even
minus magnitude
minus magnitude

the brightest objects ("
objects ("-" "
the weakest objects ("
Magnitude classes
Magnitude classes
Grade 1 - - the brightest
1 class
stellar magnitude
stellar magnitude
… …
objects ("++" "
Class 66
The brightest star in the sky, Sirius, has
The faintest objects visible only in
Modern astronomers also
Modern astronomers also
class - - the weakest
stellar magnitudes
stellar magnitudes
value -1.5
value -1.5
powerful telescopes have up to +24
powerful telescopes have up to +24
use a similar classification.
But instead of eye gloss assessment
use photometers
photometers.
use

The difference between the brightness of two objects into one
magnitude means that

the out-of-gloss ratio is ≈ 2.5.

Example: Stars,
Example: Stars,
who have a stellar
who have a stellar
magnitude = 0 as
magnitude = 0 as
at Vega seem to
at Vega seem to
2.5 times brighter
2.5 times brighter
stars of the 1st lead
stars of the 1st lead
ranks such
ranks such
like Deneb and ≈
like Deneb and ≈
6.3 times brighter
6.3 times brighter
Polar
Polar
(2nd magnitude)
(2nd magnitude)

QUESTION
QUESTION
stellar magnitude?
stellar magnitude?
1) What do astronomers understand by
1) What do astronomers understand by
The magnitude is called
are called
Stellar magnitude
a measure of how bright
a measure of how bright
looks like a celestial object when
looks like a celestial object when
observations from the Earth.
observations from the Earth.
2) How bright it looks
2) How bright it looks
heavenly body
heavenly body