The most elderly mother of Russia is the daughter of the Soviet poet. The history of the birth of "dugouts"

Daily rhymes
Alexey Surkov (1899-1983)

A single poem is placed in the collection - it will be here in the form of a song.
And this is not from the collection:

MUSHROOM RAIN
Do not hurry, do not hurry, wait.
Forget for a moment urgent business.
Look: Roaring grass in the rain
And the old tree was raving.

Runs under the legs of wet sand.
Chista Colev over blown clouds.
Gorbate Rainbow Decion
I was cochaced Future rain.

Shifted fire poles,
Clouds are burning ... in such moments
Mushrooms germinate from the forest
And the song gift is gaining a plant.

And stones and herbs sing under the rain,
Silver lake water shine.
Do not hurry, do not run, wait,
Listen to the gentle voice of nature.
(1935-1936)

***
Furnaces are burned in the oven,
By midnight, work is completed.
From silence night barely barely
There is a buzz of an airplane.
Another leafle in my calendar
Legged on the soul as a new load.
Who will explain to me - why rise
It happens easier to slow descent?

What are empty speculation?
Svela
Moon in his elegant star frame.
No need to think - youth left ...
Think that spring is not far off.
(1952)

From Wikipedia:
Alexey Alexandrovich Surkov - Russian Soviet poet and literary critic, public figure, teacher. Journalist, Military Correspondent ...
The personality is ambiguous: Surkov was one of the signatories of a group of Soviet writers to the editorial office of the Pravda newspaper on August 31, 1973 about Solzhenitsyn and Sakharov. At the same time, at the request of Anna Akhmatova, assisted by the poet Joseph Brodsky, recommended the Writers of the Strugatsky Brothers Writers ...
Alexei Surkov is dedicated to one of the most famous and most heartfelt poems of the Great Patriotic War "You remember, Alyosha, Smolensk Roads", written by Konstantin Simonov in 1941:

You remember, Alyosha, Roads of Smolensk region,
How endless, evil rains,
How Krinki carried us tired women
Putting, like children, from rain them to the chest,

How the tears they wipe the steal
How did we whisper: - Save you! -
And again called soldiers,
How to put it on Great Rus.

Tears measured more often than versts,
It was a tract, on the hillock hiding out of the eyes:
Villages, villages, villages with chases,
As if on them all Russia agreed,

As if for each Russian outcolor,
The cross of his hands is fencing alive,
All the world coming down, our great-grandfathers pray
For in God who do not believe their grandchildren.

You know, probably, all the same homeland -
Not a house urban where I festively lived,
And these capets that grandfathers are passed,
With simple crosses of their Russian graves.

I do not know how you and me with a rustic
Road longing from sat down to the village,
With widow tear and with a song fever
For the first time, the war on the settlers brought.

You remember, Alyosha: Izba under Borisov,
On the dead crying girlish cry
Gray old woman in Salopchik Flasov,
All in white, as dressed, old man.

Well, what can they say how could we console them?
But, grief understood with your Babi Face
You remember, the old woman said: - Rodigi,
As long as go, we will wait for you.

"We will wait for you!" - They talked to us a parcel.
"We will wait for you!" - said forests.
You know, Alyosha, at night it seems to me
That the voices followed by me.

In Russian customs, only fires
In the Russian land I spread out behind,
Out of our eyes, comrades were dying,
In Russian, Rubaku rushing on the chest.

We have a bullet with you still lick.
But, three times believing that life is already all
I still had proud for the most pretty,
For bitter land where I was born

For what to die on it is presented to me,
That the Russian mother gave birth to us
What, in the battle, I wish us, Russian woman
In Russian, three times hugged me.

Karmeysian music. Dan. and dm. Paint, cl. A. Surkov. Red-known ensemble
Digitization of the Gramplastics "Songs of our Motherland"

A brief biography of Alexei Surkov Soviet poet, a public figure, Lieutenant Colonel, the Hero of Socialist Labor, the laureate of the two Stalinist premiums is set out in this article.

Brief biography Alexei Surkov

Alexey Surkov appeared on October 13, 1899 in the village of Saudewood in a regular peasant family. Already from 12 years old, he began to earn - he worked in a furniture store with a student, in the printing house, in the joiner's workshops, in the office, the weighter in the trading port of Petrograd.

During the First World War, he was an active participant in the Polish campaign and civil war. Up until 1922 served as a machine gunner and horse reconnaissance. Participated in the skirmis against the gang of Antonov and battles on the north-western front. After the completion of the war, returned home to the village.

Two years, from 1922 to 1924, Surkov operates the secretary of the volspalkol, the village in the county newspaper, the outbucer and politrosvetorganisor. The next two years spent in Rybinsk on Komsomolskaya work.

In 1926-1931, Alexey Surkov holds the editor of the Yaroslavl provincial newspaper North Komsomolets. After he moves to Moscow, where he was elected in 1928 in the leadership of Rappa.

Deciding to associate his further life with literature, he in 1931 enters the ICP to the literary faculty. He graduated from an educational institution in 1934 with the dissertation.

From 1934-1939 he was engaged in teaching activities in the Literary Institute of the SP of the USSR and the Editorial Publishing Institute. He also held the position of deputy editor-in-director of the magazine called "Literary Study", working under the guidance of Gorky. In the magazine, he also printed as a critic.

Alexey Surkov took part in a campaign to Western Belarus. In the period of the Finnish campaign, he was an employee of the Army newspaper "Heroic Hike". During World War II, he works as chief editor of the magazine "New World", "Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda" and "Red Star".

In 1947, publishes a critical article "On Pasternak Poetry", directed against the poet. He also works as the responsible editor of the "Literary Newspaper", the magazine "Spark". In 1962, he took the post of chief editor of the Brief Literary Encyclopedia, entered the editorial board of the poet library, and in the 1950s he was a rector of the literary institute. Gorky.

Actively visits literary circles. Here he met his future wife Sophia Antonovna Krevs, in marriage with which daughter and son were born.

Since 1954, he was a deputy of the USSR Armed Forces and and Sun RSFSR. He also served as the Secretary-General and the first secretary of the SP of the USSR.

Famous works and books of the author - The book of poems "Sevets", songs "That are not clouds, thunderstorm clouds", "Chapaevskaya", "early early", "Fire in the closestry", "" on the expanses of the Motherland, "" Konarmeyskaya "," March of Moscow defenders "And the" brave song ".

In Yaroslavl, they conducted a survey about whether residents know the famous song "in the dugout". People of different ages gladly picked up the text, practically not mistaken in words. But not everyone could call the author. Alexey Surkov, whose biography is forever connected with the Yaroslavl Region, is the author of the famous lines that came out from under his feather at the beginning of the Great Patriotic. What is known about this outstanding person?

"In people"

Born to the revolution (1.10.1899) in a small village of daily (Rybinsky County of Yaroslavl province) in the family of peasants, Alexey Surkov began training at a local school, absorbing the beauty of nature and simplicity of rural life. Showing craving for study, in 12 years he goes to St. Petersburg, where he has to live in the master's house and to work. Such accommodation was called "in people", but it allowed a teenager to read newspapers and develop. Labor biography began with work student in typography, furniture store, carpentry workshops. He met the revolution in the trading port, where he worked as a weigher.

In 1918, the Red Gazeta publishes the poems of some A. Gutuyevsky. Such a pseudonym first chose Alexey Surkov for himself, whose photo in these years can be seen in the article. It was his first pen test. He is recorded in the eighteen young men, he is recorded in the ranks of the Red Army, serving the machine gun and horse intelligence until 1922.

"Sevets"

In peacetime, the future poet returns to a small homeland, where he is engaged in brillocrust. Until the 1924th, in the neighboring village, he works in the hut-reading room, becomes the village of the local county newspaper. The profession of a journalist soon becomes the main one for A. Surkov. Already in 1924, his new poems published in the Pravda newspaper, and in 1925 he becomes a member of the Congress of the writers of the province. In the same year, having joined the WCP (b), Alexey Surkov is located on the Komsomol work, in parallel, being a correspondent of the newly created newspaper "Northern Komsomolets". For three years (1926-1928), he heads her as a chief editor, increasing the circulation 2 times and creating a "literary corner", where novice poets and prosaiki could be printed.

In May 1928, he was delegated to Moscow at the I Congress of Writers, after which he no longer returns to the Yaroslavl region, being elected to the rapp. The beginning of this poetic creativity put the first compilation published in the 1930th. He was called "Sevets". Poems were distinguished by the political sharpness and sense of patriotism, which was very in demand. During these years, the poet Alexey Surkov was truly born.

Biography: Family Word Master

Becoming regulars of literary meetings, the poet meets Sofia Antonovna Krevs, his future wife. A couple born two children: son Alexey born born in 1928 and daughter Natalia 1938 During the war, the family will be in evacuation in Chistopol, it will be back from the front to write their letters Alexei Surkov. In the future, the daughter will choose the profession of a journalist, engaged in music. The son will become a military, colonel engineer Air Force.

The 30s are marked by the fact that A. Surkov has to replenish the lack of education: it will not only graduate from the Institute of Red Professors, but also protects the dissertation, becoming a teacher of the literary institution. He will not leave the editorial work, cooperating with M. Gorky in "Literary Study", the journal of that time. Working in Lokaf, continues to write poems and songs about the heroes of the civil war: "Peers", "offensive", "Motherland courageous". Some works are becoming songs: "Chapaevskaya", "Konarmeyskaya".

Military Correspondent

"Combat Natisk", "Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda", "Red Star" - those publications in which the military Aleksey Surkov printed from 1939. The poet participated in two military conflicts on the eve of the Great Patriotic War: Finnish campaign and campaign to Western Belarus. Despite the uncompressive age, from the first day of the war, he goes to the front, periling in 1943 to the title of Lieutenant Colonel. Here he will meet with many poets of Military Liphethey. It is for him to be devoted to Konstantin Simonov famous lines: "You remember, Alyosha, the Road of Smolensk region ..."

Being the chief editor of the "New World", he publishes poems, feuillets and heroic time songs. He will have several poetic collections: "Poems about hate", "offensive", "Soldier's heart". In 1942, he would slightly perish under Rzhev, writing later piercing lines:

"And the bullets are unharmed, and the heat does not fell,

I pass along the edge of the fire.

It can be seen, the mother is an exorbitant suffering his

Screamed me from death ... "

But the most popular in his work will be songs. Among them: "The song of the bold", "song of defenders of Moscow" and, of course, the famous "earthlock".

The history of the birth of "dugouts"

The song was born in November 1942 in the vicinity of Istra (village Kashino, Moscow region, where he had to go out of the environment on the then he really felt that only a few steps were death. When the danger passed, the entire sinel was lined with fragments. Already in Moscow he had born lines of the famous poem sent to the purebological wife. When the composer Konstantin Sheets appeared, Alexei Surkov gave him handwritten lines, and after a week I first performed his friend Mikhail Savin.

With the first appearance, she immediately went to the front, becoming the favorite work of the soldiers. She was performed by Lydia Ruslanov, and at first even released records with a record. But then they were completely destroyed, for the polymat workers saw fallency in the stitching of the poem and demanded to change words. But the song has already gone to the people. There are evidence that the soldiers went into battle, shouting: "Sing, harmonic, the blizzard called!" The famous song at the village of Kashino was put a monument. This is a real recognition to the author, which for the cycle of works in 1946 was awarded the State Prize.

Last years

After the war, Alexey Surkov, whose biography became associated with party and state activities, as the chief editor of the "Sparkling" and the rector made a lot to open new talents. He published Anna Ahmatov, defending her name before I. Stalin. At the same time, being a convinced communist, he does not recognize creativity B. Pasternak, oppose A. Solzhenitsyn and the poet for several years will lead the Union of Writers of the USSR.

In 1969, the government will celebrate his merit of the hero's star for labor achievements. After the death of a man in 1983 for many, he will remain a wonderful poet, glorifying Yaroslavl land.

Poet's daughter: Dad was very offended by the fact that the people reedded his "dugout"

There are poems that always existed. So naturally, just throwing out in the songs. As if someone visited them in heaven. And then just recorded at the right moment.

War is the very time, on the edge, in four steps from death, when the lines come by themselves.

"... And I sings your eyes in the dugout about the smile and eyes," - a personal letter of her husband to his wife, who should not be read by anyone else's. And which was the legend. The main song of the war.

Natalia Surkov, Poet's daughter Alexei Surkov, - About Mother, Father, "Driving", Museum of Songs, Oscar and Negasima Love ...

Front editorial board.

"You, my sunshine," - written on the turnover of a simple soldier triangle. This letter consisting of four quarters, out of 16 lines, was addressed to his beloved wife, in a deep rear, in evacuation. The wife, with which she lived for two decades. "Beats in a cramped fire ..."

The author is almost an elderly man, the same age of the century, he is going on the fifth ten, he fought in the civilian, in the Polish campaign, in Finnish, has combat awards. Writer, poet, journalist. He walked a lot and survived a lot, and his life had already exceeded his peak. On the very day, November 27, 1941, when he could perish. But stayed alive. To write a "dugout".

Natalya Alekseevna Surkova moves old photos. Picks up the words set out, probably in numerous interview hundreds of times.

- Father, military correspondent of the front-line newspaper, arrived under Istra to collect another material. German tanks broke out at Moscow, where they were waiting for them, - by folkolum, namely, here, according to an unprotected road. Our, several people, including father, are stuck in the fascist on the fascists. Three machine guns beat them in the emphasis. One of those who were then together with the Father, managed grenades to suppress machine guns. They began to get out to our, the father helped someone from the young, he was hard because of the age ...

In the year of the battle near Moscow, winter fell suddenly, closing the blood and plane metal with snow. They made their way through the transparent forest along the mine field. At a distance of four steps one from the other. It was a rule to, if one bits, the other had a chance to survive. "The father then said:" To death - four steps. " All his chinel was excised by fragments. " About some events in life it is impossible to say prose. How to describe an infinite machine gun? Storm at home? Agonylation of the November battle? Only love always turns out to be stronger than death. It has no particle of heroic articles and false propaganda. Only love. And in the distant Tatar Chistopol, where at that moment Alexey Surkov's family was located, the wife and two children flew this letter. "I'm warm from my negascique in a cold dugout" - it was written in the original.

Repressed song

Green eyes and curly hair, half latwish Sonechka Krev. "Dugout" already heard, and some kind of well-wisher approached her and silently noticed: "Did you know Sophia Antonovna that your husband devoted this poem to some Krevs?" Mom, laughing, replied: "Let him devoted, I know her." But it was all then. "... under the new one, 1942, the composer Konstantin Sheets looked at the guests, stuck - give new poems. "I have no poems," said Father. In the end, he remembered that a draft of his letters to his wife was preserved somewhere, and with a clean conscience, he rewrote for his personal poem for his comrade, as it was confident that it would still not suit anyway. Sheets composed a simple melody. Blanter later wrote another, completely wondrous "dugout." But for some reason she did not remember. All seals exactly leaf. "

Sonechka Krevs. This song Alexey Surkov devoted his beloved wife.

The film "The defeat of the German fascist troops near Moscow", in which the Surkovskaya "song of the defenders of Moscow" sounded, was awarded the Oscar award. It was the first Soviet film, awarded the American Film Academy, "War and Peace" of Bondarchuk, where too about war and also about love, will be removed only twenty years later. Directly the song for the song "Zemlyanka" for the first time recorded Lydia Ruslanov, on a record at a speed of 76 v / s. The second voice to the combat and patriotic "get up, the country is huge" - a quiet whisper of prayers through the freezers near Moscow ...

I still go through these four steps to reach you. Get back, go back ... for the sake of. Falnic song. An unexpected sentence announced. Taito four steps. Yes, it is necessary for such a shot! How can you think about your beloved woman when the country is in danger?

How can you not think about your beloved woman - when is the country in fire? Of course, it is possible to ban verses, but it is impossible to prohibit the thoughts of simple soldiers in the exchanging dugouts ... and the song was called the whole country. The circulation of the record urgently destroyed. Its authors saved only the fact that both were on the front. "Who gave an order is unknown," says Natalia Surkov. - But the non-professionals worked - the source of the record remained. " Sources are not burning. Although the main heroine itself, the historical letter of her husband did not save. "Mom was a man careful. You never know what ... We returned from evacuation in the 43rd, Brother Alesh heard the father's song on the radio, and Mom confessed to us that these lines were dedicated to her. "

"We look into the eyes like in the nickname sea ..."

"The history of parental love is in the father's lyrics," says Natalia Alekseevna Surkov. "Everything he wanted to tell Mom, he told her in his poetry." Dad was very offended by the fact that the listeners reeddied the words of his songs: "I have warmly warm from your negascique love." After all, initially it was about his feelings. They helped him survive. But Mom laughed: "These are people, Alyosha, you corrected."

Someday the story of countless and inhuman wars of the twentieth century will be written in the stories of love. Do not have the battles and battles, not dotted lines of movement of troops on maps, not signatures at the capitulation contracts, but shrill poems.

About loyalty and about faith, about hope for an ambulance meeting.

- Father had a straightforward Russian. Very whole and as if concerned from Russian fairy tales. The hero who overcomed the impossible obstacles, faithful, loving. Hungry - he still pays his pike into the water to keep her life. This is about my father. Mom was different. More capricious, wayward, spoiled. And her green eyes - exactly like Scarlett Oh, Hara! Oh, she was a real writer wife. It is necessary to be able to - take up as a poet's wife. Not everyone succeeds, the same Syonov's fatal relations and serovoy rather confirm the rule. Read the Simonian poem "If God will send us with their power after death to heaven" - and you will understand a lot. They were our neighbors, and in the courtyard like a black beetle all the time looming serovsky black "BYUK". But Simonov was younger than the dad to a whole generation, and it was a completely different generation, other relationships, the other lyrics. My father is from the era of idealist realisti, trying to build a paradise on Earth, society of justice, equality and love. Dad and Mom lived together for 60 years and all this time were closed only on each other. Now, in your 73, I understand that it was probably not the most beloved child. I do not have Sysyukali. Dad was needed mom. Mom was allowed everything. We had a housekeeper, hired at the cottage for this purpose a simple rustic woman. A cosmetics and manicure came to the house - to her mother, Dad opened the door and shouted deep into the apartment: "Sonya, they came to you from society to combat inexorable mother-nature!"

From evacuation returned to 43rd. In the old apartment there was nothing left - the marauders opened the door, they carried everything, could not drag through the openings only the old piano. So he stood in the middle of an empty room. Batteries burst, the corridor was covered with ice. We slept in the kitchen - where gas and heat. The books were forced the whole apartment. The iron bed was covered with plywood and lay all together, input. Father still wrote from the front mom. Folk love finally rehabilitated "dugout". Surkov became taken in the top. He was appointed chief editor of the "Sparky". They gave expensive coated paper to publish an international magazine. They gathered at home all the editorial board. They argued in the evenings and nights, watched a foreign press - to match. "In the anniversary of Akhmatova, no one remembered the Father, but he was the first to printed it after a huge break. After that, he called Stalin. Father told how the leader of the peoples asked: "Do you really think that this poet is worth printing?" (I was surprised that Stalin called Ahmatov in the poet, "he also knew that Anna Andreevna tolerate could not tolerate the word" poetess ") . What my dad replied: "Yes, I consider it necessary." Sometimes straight is better cunning. Stalin did not objection. Later, the Father as the editor published her first little book, such a green. But he was never able to simplify anyone, everyone was afraid. And he himself as a compiler could not write him. Therefore, in this thin collection there is no preface at all. Only the final word of the Father. "

Surkov smuckle in Vnukovo, on new writing villages, Isakovsky and Tvardovsky. Igor Ilinsky opened an American tennis court. Elegantly rushed. In Peredelkino, in classic writing places, I did not want to go, noticing that all the bugles are transmitted there in the third generation. "Father with friends drew from all the cheating in a clean forest. But these were not state daches. Even the way there they rebuilt for their money. I remember those times when an antediluvian steam train was still visited. Then, in the 70s, the famous Soviet poets were already quite old people, sat on the prescriptions of doctors on diets, but still satisfied with periodically "zigzags". It was called Saturday. When it was possible to eat everything. Most often we gathered from us, Orlova came with Alexandrov, fear Mountain rushed, ride on sleds in the New Year. And even jokingly came up with any offensive songs about Peredelkino. To myself, by the way, they also composed, on the motive "Where are you, where you, the eyes of Kariye" - "Sometimes Isakovsky, Tvardov and Surkov places sometimes remember under the christmas tree.

After the death of Surkov, the wife of Sophia Antonovna Cotchaly sold secretly. She began to pass very quickly, not physically, physically, perhaps, would reach a hundred ...

"We learned about the sale of your mother's cottage already six months later, when nothing could be done ... Pope had been buried, on the contrary there were a dacha exemption, there were musicians on her, and our house was visible from their windows. We asked them to look after mom. And once they called me to work and said that the mother was divorced in the garden Bonfire and burns the documents, the father's archive, which he disassembled shortly before death ... such cardboard folders with ropes. In which his whole life was kept - in addition, letters from the front, which she destroyed in the war. While we arrived in Vnukovo, only a piece of scorched land remained from the archive. More mom could not be left alone. Age..."

Heiress

The father's office is his tacht, huge wardrobes with books to the ceiling, the table, for whom the most famous Soviet poets were traveled for tea, Natalia Alekseevna Surkov gave Nekrasov to Carabih Museum, under Yaroslavl.

"This is my father's Malaya Motherland, here he got married, here he had a first-mentioned Alexey, in Karabikhe to old age he led the Nekrasov holidays. On my father's jubilee, my museum workers were taken from me. I am already 73 years old, I still could not cope with it. " This property. And there are still things that are intangible, which, of course, can also be given, - but they will still remain living in the heart.

"In the suburbs, seven festivals of front-line poetry and songs that we spend in memory of all who fought and winning fighters were passed. This is a contest of the Moscow region, the applications came from forty places. Afghans, veterans of Chechnya ... "" ... on the lamps of resin, like a tear. "

By the century of the poet, a memorable sign with the words of the main song about love on that war and a tank line appeared in the Eastra region, in the village of Kashino, where he was the legendary bludge. He was installed guys from the Istra Club of the Cointers "Istok". They managed for many years on the public basis Sergey Lavrenko. Natalia Alekseevna Surkova handed to the club personal belongings, books, photos of the Father. Right in Kashin begins construction of the Museum of Song. Next to Mom - Sasha Surkov, the youngest granddaughter of the poet ...

Natalia Alekseevna Surkov became a mom in 57 years. Entered the Guinness Book of Records.

Then, sixteen years ago, the history of Sasha's appearance was described by all newspapers: the daughter of the famous poet is the most elderly mother of Russia, what is not a reason for pride? It can be seen, it is hereditary, initially laid in the genes - and the Great Love, who granted in a very mature age, and the dream of a child, which suddenly embodied in reality. It can be seen, children - like poems - are waiting for their parents somewhere in heaven, so that one day splash into our world.

"I was very hard, postpartum depression that dumped me with my feet ... Senior children helped. Son literally did not leave me after childbirth. And the acquaintances only twisted their fingers at the temple. And doctors first did not advise the risks, and then hit my excerpt. I did not want to live, wake up, get up, do something, eat, drink ... The world was black, and it seemed that he would always remain. "

Then she also lived in a deposited with earthquake, and her soul was fired at the four sides enemy machine guns.

But it was necessary to get up and go, from the last strength - there, to his own, to people. For yourself. And - Sasha. She reached. "My family, my childhood, despite the war, remained for me, thereby the unattainable ideal, the ultimate goal to which I had to reach."

Now Sasha Surkova sixteen. An adult maiden. It is a pity that grandfather did not live ...

This story would need to be scared, I thought. "Dugout" was a long time ago.

But today, great songs, like the great love stories, are born less and less.

"I thought so too, but it all depends on us, from people," says Natalia Surkov. - Yes, here is the plot. Once I asked the composer Yuri Biryukov, his old friend, go to Rybinsk, to speak on the father's father. At this holiday, he met a woman. He is sixty and her too. For two - four heart attacks. For some time they looked closely to each other, then got married. Yura asked me the last father's poems dedicated to very old mom: "Looking into my eyes to me, the eye is not omitting, they are all the same as a wave of maritime", he had a long swollen over the song for this woman. Soon he had another heart attack, he was lucky in intensive care, and on the road in one of the chambers in the hospital he saw Piano, and suddenly he had a terrific melody in his head - he asked a doctor to him, almost dying, gave her to play not forget..."

Looking into the eyes of me, the eye is not omitting, - sing, harmonic, the blizzard called ...