Components of a medical syringe. What kind of syringes and needles are there? Buy medical syringes

Disposable medical syringes with a volume of 0.5 ml. - up to 150 ml.

Disposable medical syringes- are intended for subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous administration of liquid medicines, as well as for suction of various fluids from the body during short-term contact with blood and lymph.
Depending on the structure, two-component and three-component disposable medical syringes are distinguished. The former consist of a cylinder and a piston, and the latter, respectively, of a cylinder, a piston and a seal, with which a greater smoothness of movement is ensured.
By structure, syringes are divided into two large groups:
- two-component(cylinder plus piston);
- three-component(cylinder, piston and plunger, i.e. piston tip (seal)).

By volume disposable syringes divided into low volume, standard volume and large volume.

Syringes medical sizes

Low-volume(0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 ml.) - used for accurate drug administration in endocrinology (insulin syringe), phthisiology (tuberculin syringe), neonatology, as well as for vaccination and sampling in allergology and for allergic intradermal samples.
Standard volume(2.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 ml.) Are very common, as it is used everywhere for all types of injections (subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous)
Large volume(30.0, 50.0, 100.0 and 150.0 ml.) Are intended for washing cavities, introducing nutrient media, suction of pus and other fluids.

The universal device of the conventional OP syringe is shown in Fig. 1. The syringe consists of a cylinder and a piston rod (collapsible or non-collapsible). The cylinder has a cone tip of the "Luer" type ("Record" syringes can be produced upon request, they are practically not produced), a finger rest (a) and a graduated scale (b). The rod-plunger assembly consists of a rod (c) with a stop (d), a piston (e) with a seal (f) and a reference line (g). The universal device of a conventional OP syringe is shown in Fig. 1. The syringe consists of a cylinder and a piston rod (collapsible or non-collapsible). The cylinder has a Luer-type cone tip, a finger rest (a) and a graduated scale (b). The rod-piston assembly consists of a rod (c) with a stop (d), a piston (e) with a seal (f) and a reference line (g).

Depending on the structure of the piston rod, the design of the OP syringes is subdivided (Fig. 2) into 2-component (a) and 3-component (b). In 2-piece syringes, the rod and plunger are one piece, in 3-piece syringes, the rod and plunger are separate. The main functional difference between these designs is the characteristics of the lightness and smoothness of the piston stroke.

OP syringes can be coaxial (a) and eccentric (b), which is determined by the position of the cone tip (Fig. 3).

Sterilized by ethylene oxide (gas sterilization) and radiation.
Packaged in sealed consumer containers - transparent film and gas-permeable paper.

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Medical syringes price

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Injection (translated from Latin - "injection") - parenteral administration of medicinal substances (the ingestion of medicinal products into the body, bypassing the digestive tract). A syringe and injection needle are required to perform the injection.

A syringe is an instrument in the form of a hollow graduated cylinder with a piston for pumping or suctioning fluids, inserted into the tissues and cavities of the body.

The injection needle is intended for the administration of drug solutions, blood sampling from a vein or artery, and blood transfusion. It is used with a syringe, as well as with a system for transfusing fluids or blood.

Single-use syringes and needles must be disposed of after single use. Single use of the injection syringe and needle is governed by written instructions and a special symbol of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), indicating that it cannot be reused.

The volume (capacity) of syringes is determined by their purpose and varies according to GOST from 1 to 50 ml. Syringes with a volume of 0.3; 0.5 and 1.0 ml are used for accurate administration of drugs (tuberculin, insulin, standard extracts of allergens) in small volumes - from 0.01 ml.

Components of a reusable syringe:

Cylinder (glass);

Sub-needle cone (metal);

A piston that has a retainer and a handle (made of metal).

Components of a single-use syringe:

Cylinder with finger rest;

Under the needle cone;

Piston with handle (all parts are made of polymer materials).

An injection needle is a narrow metal tube made of certain types of steel, one end of which is cut and sharpened - needle cut and the other is tightly attached to the short muff (cannula) for attachment to a syringe or elastic tube. Reusable injection needles are made entirely of metal. Have injection needles single-use sleeve (cannula) - plastic.

The main parameters of the needle: length, diameter, sharpening angle. The needles are available in various lengths (16 to 90 mm) and diameters (0.4 to 2 mm). The cutting angle of the injection needles ranges from 15 to 45 degrees.

Let's talk about the types of syringes, without which medicine would have remained at the embryonic stage. There are a number of diseases when it is completely forbidden to use tablets and syrups. This, for example, can be diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. And it so happens that the disease has developed so quickly and progresses that the pills will act for a very long time and can be fatal. And the only chance to urgently save a person's life is injections. At the beginning, syringes were reusable (in the 19th century), which did not always make the procedure sterile. And since the demand for them was great, scientists came to the conclusion that it was necessary to make them disposable. This happened, but later, in the 20th century.

A little about the invention of the syringe

Renowned veterinarian Murdoch from New Zealand created the first disposable syringe and introduced it into use not only in animals, but also in humans. At first, disposable instruments were two-piece. Later they began to be created from three components.

All modern syringes are divided into several categories:

1. fastening the needle,
2. design,
3. cylinder volume,
4. tip location.

Needle attachment to the cylinder there are three types:

• non-removable (syringe volume 0.3-0.5 ml),
• luer (from 1 ml to 100 ml),
• luer-lok (for syringes with a machine drive or for droppers).

By design devices are divided into two types:

• two-component (this type is very outdated and the procedure turns out to be very painful, due to the lack of a seal; the piston in the cylinder is not fixed and moves inside, creating vibrations of the needle);
• three-component (a rubber seal has been added, which excludes the ingress of plastic particles under the skin, and also makes the needle piercing smooth, without picking inside the muscle).

By volume of the cylinder all syringes are divided into:

• small (for insulin, for skin tests for allergies, for use in neonatology, as well as vaccination);
• standard (volume from 2 ml to 22 ml, used for intramuscular and subcutaneous injections);
• large (volume from 30 ml to 100 ml is used for aspiration of liquids, washing).

There are two position of the tip cone:

• eccentric (the position of the cone is displaced and such a syringe is used for blood sampling, the tip is in the side of the cylinder),
• concentric (the tip is located directly in the center of the cylinder, such devices are suitable for conventional injections).

Syringe expiry date

The period of use of the device does not change at all whether it is two or three-component, as well as what volume it is. But on the other hand, the type of sterilization significantly affects its suitability. Depending on the type of sterilization, the time frame can vary from three to five years. During this time, it must remain sterile and not be toxic.

When the deadline comes to an end, you can continue to use it, but only if it was far from direct sunlight. If the storage has exceeded ten years, then the materials in it age, and if injected, particles may enter the patient's skin. It is also dangerous to use a syringe if the storage was carried out in damaged packaging or without it at all. It is very important to observe the expiration date so as not to harm the patient.

Classification of disposable syringes

Simple disposable often used only for injection. They are available in different volumes such as 2 ml, 3 ml, 5 ml, 10 ml, 20 ml and 50 ml. Nowadays, it is sold in a separate packaging made of polyethylene and paper, hermetically sealed.

Janet's syringe. It is the largest of all injection devices used in medicine. Its volume is 150 ml. It is often used to suck or inject large amounts of fluid from or into the body. Can be used outside of the instructions. Often used as an enema. They can be given intravenous fluids. Before you start using it, it is very important to make sure it is sterile.

Insulin. Their volume is 1 ml. With this syringe, people with diabetes mellitus inject doses of insulin into the body. The needle is designed in such a way that patients inject the drug on their own and the procedure is facilitated and without pain.

All cylinders are marked not only with milliliters, but also units (this is the unit for calculating the dose of insulin). 1 ml = 100 UNITS The special shape of the piston makes the injection of the drug as accurate as possible. The usual one has a marking of 1 U, for children - 0.5 or 0.25 U. Once upon a time, insulin syringes with a marking of 40 units were used. Now these are out of use. Very often, a syringe pen is used to administer this medication. Despite the fact that it is considered disposable, it can be used until the needle becomes blunt. But this syringe is not so convenient if it is used for insulin in doses. The piston will move away from the cylinder and become uncomfortable to wear.

Syringe tube. Almost every health worker who leaves for home has it. It already contains the medicine, which is absolutely sterile and is used once. They immediately form the required dose of the drug for one dose. The drug is located in a sealed container-vessel and is always kept in a bag by a medical worker on the road.

Self-locking. This type of syringe is mainly used to deliver a large number of injections in order to immunize the population. The main task is to monitor the health worker and prevent the use of the same instrument twice. After use, the piston is locked and reapplication is simply ruled out. This not only makes it possible for someone to monitor the medical staff for fraud, but it is also much easier for the medical worker to navigate which syringe is used if it accidentally falls into the box with new ones.

Classification of reusable syringes

Regular, reusable. It was invented in the 19th century. In those days, disinfection was carried out only by sterilization. And so they were made of heat-resistant glass that can withstand temperatures up to 200 degrees. The needle and the piston were made of metal.

They were sold in special containers wrapped in brown paper called "craft bags". Due to constant boiling, the needles became dull. Before each application, they were rubbed with a special wire "mandrel" in order to make them sharper. And due to poor disinfection, these syringes passed a large number of diseases. Now these are no longer used and they have been replaced by reusable ones, but already improved over the centuries and progress.

Syringe pen. This device has already been described above. With the help of a pen-syringe, insulin is injected into the body of a person with diabetes mellitus. It looks a lot like a fountain pen. The needle is quite thin, just like in an insulin syringe. Only the main difference is that the injection itself is much easier. You simply press the button in the upper part of the case, then the mechanism is triggered and a strictly marked dose of medicine flows out of the cartridge. But this does not mean that all. The cartridge may still contain the drug for the next appointment. There are handles with a removable needle, and there are with a permanent one. The latter must be sterilized. If the needle is changed, then this should be done about once a week.

Syringe dart. Often used in veterinary medicine. There are special shotguns for them that are fueled with darts. It is used when it is necessary to euthanize a wild animal for a while with a tranquilizer and from a long distance. Also, a drug can be placed in it not only for the euthanasia of the animal, but also for treatment.

Syringe pistol. This device is designed for independent use. It is suitable for use with 5 ml syringes. It is this size that will fit snugly to the pistol, will not loosen and will not damage the skin or muscle during the shot. Its inventor claims that the shot is very fast and accurate, and the patient does not feel pain at all. The needle hits the target and all that remains is to press the plunger to inject the fluid.

Types of syringe needles

Studying globally the issue of medicine and injections, one can understand that there are not only different types of syringes for injection, but also the needles themselves. The relationship between the syringe and the needle, their correct selection, as well as the correct choice of the device for a particular drug, greatly simplifies the treatment process and makes it much more comfortable. Medical needles are divided into two types:

• injection (they are designed to enter and remove fluid from the body, empty inside and absolutely sterile);
• surgical (these are curved needles with an eyelet at one end, used for stitching tissues during operations).

In matters of treatment and the use of various injections, you must rely on the attending physician. It is very important not to self-medicate unless you are an experienced doctor.

Today syringes are available in volumes from 0.3 to 150 ml. It is widely believed that they differ only in the number of cubes in the cylinders, this is not true: there is a difference in design features... It is explained by the difference in the purpose of the syringes. At the same time, there is no strict dependence of the size on the type of cannula, that is, the needle.

Indeed, with a syringe with a smaller volume, as a rule, smaller needles are used. But there can be several subtypes of these needles for each size of syringes, for example, a "five" syringe can be produced with a 0.7X40 mm needle, or 0.8X40 (where 0.7 and 0.8 mm is the outer diameter of the needle, and 40 mm - length of the metal part). To understand the volume of syringes, we have prepared a table and a photo.

Small-volume syringes (0.3; 0.5; 1 ml) are needed when it is important to inject a drug with a volume of up to 1 milliliter and an error of one tenth (one hundredth) of the dose can dramatically affect. Syringes of this volume are used by diabetics or for intradermal allergy tests.

Medium volume syringes (2; 3; 5; 10; 20 ml) are the most common sizes. They are used for injections of all types (intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous) and are available with both types of needle attachments: Luer Lock, Luer Slip.

Large-volume syringes (30, 50, 60, 100 ml) with a Luer Lock connection (since the drug is injected under pressure) are used in infusomats and perfusers (syringe pumps - devices that allow, for example, in addition to the drug from a dropper, to inject the drug from syringe with a certain set speed).

The same volumes of syringes, but with a connection under the catheter, are more often used for tube feeding, administration of drugs through the urinary canals and drains, and flushing of abscesses and cavities.

As you know, drugs that enter the stomach often have a detrimental effect on this organ. Or acting too slowly when an emergency is needed. In these cases, a medical syringe becomes an indispensable tool. As, however, in the treatment of diabetes, vaccinations, lavage of cavities and other procedures. What syringes exist, who manufactures them, and what are the prices for these instruments today?

Types of medical syringes

We all know that a syringe is a cylinder, a plunger and a needle. But not everyone knows that these tools have a lot of differences in a number of ways. Understanding ...

Design

Cylinder volume

• Up to 1 ml: used for intradermal tests, for vaccinations, for the administration of drugs.
• 2-22 ml: usually used for subcutaneous (up to 3 ml), intramuscular (up to 10 ml) and intravenous (up to 22 ml) injections.
• 30-100 ml: These instruments are needed for debridement, for aspiration of fluids, for rinsing cavities and for administering nutrient solutions.

Needle attachment

• Luer: With this type of connection, the needle is put on the syringe. This is the standard for instruments 1-100 ml in volume.
• Luer Lock: This is where the needle is screwed into the instrument. This type of compound is valuable in anesthesiology, when the drug is injected into dense tissues, in the case when biomaterial is required, etc.
• Catheter-type: used when feeding through a tube or when administering drugs through a catheter.
• Integrated needle: the needle is not removable, already integrated into the body itself. Usually these are syringes up to 1 ml.

Number of uses

• Disposable: Usually injection syringes made of plastic and with a stainless steel needle.
• Reusable: Typically glass instruments. These include outdated models of the Record type, as well as syringes, pens, pistols, etc.

Needle length

Surgical and injection are known. Features of the 2nd option: hollow inside, the choice is according to the caliber and type of point.

Taper offset

• Concentric: Positions the cone at the center of the cylinder. Typically, 1-11 ml syringes have this tip.
• Eccentric: This cone position is characterized by the lateral position of the cone (to the side of the cylinder). With this instrument (22 ml), blood is usually taken from a vein.

Wholeness

• Collapsible.
• Non-collapsible.

Types, purpose and prices

• Insulin

As the name suggests, they are needed for insulin injections. Such a tool is distinguished by a volume of up to 1 ml, a thin short needle, markings in units, and a special piston shape. It is disposable. Price: about 150-300 rubles for 10 pcs.

• Janet's syringe

It is considered the largest (up to 150 ml volume). It is used for aspiration of liquids or for washing cavities, as well as for enteral nutrition, administration of solutions through a tube, etc. It is a three-component. Price: 50-90 rubles for 1 piece.

• Self-locking

Purpose: conducting mass injections, immunization programs for the population, diagnostic punctures, etc. Feature of the instrument: repeated use is excluded due to the design, which assumes blocking of the piston after use and retraction of the needle into the flask. This reduces the risk of accidental infection / injury and solves the problem of disposal. Price: about 10 rubles for 1 piece.

• Syringe tube

Purpose: single injection of the drug. Features: This elastic instrument already contains a dose of medication, is sterile and sealed. Each paramedic has such syringes in the first aid kit. The price depends on the drug.

• Record

Features: glass cylinder, metal needle + piston with seal, volume 1-20 ml. Purpose: reusable, sterilizable. These days, it is practically not produced or used. Price: about 50-100 rubles.

Purpose of the instrument: the introduction of insulin. Used by patients with diabetes. Features: external similarity to a conventional pen, thin needle, ease of drug administration, dosing mechanism, easy cartridge change. Design: body, removable needle, piston mechanism, insulin cartridge, case. These pens are stored at 18-26 degrees. Price: about 1800-3000 rubles for 1 piece.

• Syringe flask

Purpose: carrying out radiopaque procedures. They are usually made of polymer plastic. Price: 1500-3000 rubles for 1 piece.

• Cartridge syringes

Purpose: use mainly in dentistry for the administration of anesthesia. Features: reusable and disposable, fine needle, ampoule. Price: 400-600 rubles for 1 piece.

Features: a tool for those who are afraid of injections. A syringe (up to 5 ml) is installed in the structure and the medicine is injected by pressing the "trigger". Purpose: fast and painless drug administration (including self-administration). Price: about 400-2000 rubles for 1 piece.

• Syringe dart

Purpose: use in veterinary medicine for the administration of drugs to animals or their temporary euthanasia. They are used in special guns instead of cartridges. Price: 60-200 rubles and more for 1 piece.

• Infusion syringes

Appointment: infusion of drugs into the cavity, washing of the tonsils, in gynecology, etc. Features: special tips, the presence of a ring like a Janet syringe, an elongated head. Price: about 500-700 rubles for 1 piece.

• Glass syringe Luer-type

Features: glass body, sterilizable, 2 cylinders, long plunger, volume: 2 to 100 ml. Purpose: use for punctures, internal infusions.

The most famous manufacturers of medical syringes

No medical institution is complete without syringes. For hospitals and clinics, this toolkit is chosen based on its purpose, price and, of course, manufacturer.

The most famous syringe manufacturers in our country

• Hemoplast

One of the leading manufacturers of medical products in the CIS and Ukraine. The company produces disposable syringes and insulin syringes, 2 and 3-piece, conical for the catheter.

• Medical Lomza

A Polish highly specialized manufacturer that produces medical products (needles, syringes) under the BogMark brand. Is the winner international competition Syringe of the Year. Range: injection syringes 1-20 ml, with and without needles, tuberculin, insulin + needles in different lengths and diameters (including needles for irrigation, mesotherapy, etc.).

• Sterin Medical Group

A domestic manufacturer that produces tools in accordance with international standards. Assortment: Luer syringes, disposable, 2 and 3-piece, various designs and sizes, volume: 2-20 ml.

• Beckton Dickinson (US headquarters)

One of the international manufacturers of medical equipment and other medical products. Assortment: 2 and 3-piece syringes of standard volume, large, auto-disable + needles.

• Terumo

A manufacturing company known all over the world. Advantages of Terumo syringes: ultra-sharp laser-cut needles, perfect smoothness of needles, minimum pain, smooth piston stroke, dosing accuracy, perfect body transparency. Assortment: 2- and 3-component syringes, tuberculin and insulin, Luer, Luer-Lok.

• SFM. A company that has been providing services in the field of medical equipment and consumables in Russia, the CIS and other countries since 1997

Features of syringes from SFM: transparency, packaging of instruments with already put on needles, clarity of the scale, painless use. Assortment: 3-component syringes, insulin, disposable, tuberculin, LUER LOCK, LUER SLIP.

• Covidien

Manufacturer offering a wide range of innovative surgical products, including Monoject endodontic syringes.

• Vorsma

Domestic oldest manufacturer of honey / tools. Assortment: disposable syringes, insulin syringes, veterinary syringes with a flask, etc.

• Medpolymer

Russian manufacturer of disposable syringes, which has been holding a stable leading position in the domestic market for more than 10 years. Assortment: disposable syringes with needles of domestic / foreign production, disposable 2-component syringes, syringes with an additional scale.

• TZMOI

Tyumen manufacturer offering some of the highest quality syringes in Russia. The tools comply with Russian and international standards. Range: disposable syringes, Janet syringes (Luer Lock and under the catheter), 3-component syringes, concentric insulin, 2-component ex- and concentric. Features: hypoallergenic materials, Japanese NIPRO needles with triple sharpening and a special coating, body transparency, strength of connection with the needle, clearness of the scale, convenient packaging.

• B. Braun

One of the leaders in the international market for medical products. Assortment: syringes of 10 and 20 ml, Luer Lock, angiographic syringes, Angiodin syringes, Inject Duo, disposable 2-component, Omnifix Solo.

• Vogt Medical

German manufacturer from the Vogt Medical GmbH group of companies. More than 10 years on the Russian market. Assortment: disposable syringes 2 and 3-component, for injections and punctures, insulin, etc.

• Novo Nordisk

The company has existed since 1923. Today - the leader in the treatment of diabetes. In addition to drugs for the treatment of diabetes, it produces needles, insulin analogues and syringe pens.