The population of Tatarstan: dynamics, numbers, ethnic composition. The population of Tatarstan and its ethnic composition

(November 17, 2015) Representatives of which ethnic groups have increased in number, which have decreased, how many new ones have appeared? These and other questions were answered by specialists from the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan and the State Statistics Committee of Tatarstan.

In a large and varied exposition, prepared for the 95th anniversary of the TASSR, an ethnographic map of the Tatar ASSR was presented at the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan. In 1920, on the basis of the last census, it was compiled by the literary critic Shagar Sharaf. Moreover, in two languages ​​- Tatar in Arabic script and Russian. In 1925, the map was revised to reflect changes in the cantons (districts). If in 1922 there were thirteen of them: Arsky, Bugulminsky, Buinsky, Laishevsky, Mamadyshsky, Menzelinsky, Sviyazhsky, Spassky, Tetyushsky, Chistopolsky, Yelabuga, Chelninsky, Agryzsky, then in 1924 there were already twelve.

It is noticeable on the map that the Russians lived along the banks of the Volga, Kama and Vyatka rivers, as well as near the cities and in the cities themselves: Kazan, Sviyazhsk, Laishev, Spassk, Tetyushi, Yelabuga, Chelny, Mamadysh, Menzelinsk, Bugulma, Chistopol, Buinsk and Arsk. Tatars were settled throughout the republic, but prevailed in rural areas. The Chuvashs and Mordovians are located mainly in the southern, southeastern and southwestern regions. Mari and Votyaks (Udmurts) are concentrated in the northern, northeastern and southeastern parts of the republic.

According to the 1920 census, the national composition of cities and villages of the Tatar Republic differed significantly, - comments, showing an ethnographic map, senior researcher at the department of history and culture of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan Vera Ivanova. - Among the rural population, the share of Tatars was 55.1%, Russians - 36.5%, Chuvash - 5.4%, Mordovians - 1.5%, Votyaks (Udmurts) - 0.9%, Mari - 0.5% , others - 0.1%. In the cities, on the contrary, the Russian population dominated, their share was 74.8%, while the Tatars accounted for 22.2%, the rest - 3%.

Kazan was one of the largest cities in the republic in terms of population, in 1920 representatives of 50 nationalities lived in it. Russians made up 73.95%, Tatars - 19.43%, Jews - 3.47%, Chuvashs - 0.4%, Maris - 0.09%, others - 2.69%. Others included relatively large groups of Poles, Letts, Germans, Lithuanians, Magyars, Hungarians, Estonians, Mordovians, Armenians, Greeks, Votyaks, and French.

According to the State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Tatarstan, now Tatarstan is one of the most multinational territories of Russia, where 173 ethnic groups live. According to the last census of 2010, Tatars (including Astrakhan and Siberian) prevail among the peoples living in the republic. Russians are in second place, Chuvashs are in third, and Udmurts are in fourth. The fifth largest are the Mordovians, the sixth are the Mari, the seventh are the Ukrainians, the eighth are the Bashkirs.

In Kazan, the proportion of Russians is 48.6%, Tatars - 47.6%, in Naberezhnye Chelny, on the contrary, Tatars predominate in terms of numbers. There are more of them in all municipal districts of the republic, with the exception of nine, in which there is a high proportion of the Russian population. These are Alekseevsky, Bugulminsky, Verkhneuslonsky, Yelabuga, Zelenodolsky, Laishevsky, Novosheshminsky, Spassky and Chistopolsky districts. Approximately equal numbers of Tatars and Russians in the Tetyushsky municipal district: Tatars - 32.7%, Russians - 35.7%.

In addition to Russians and Tatars, a significant part of the population of other nationalities lives in the regions of Tatarstan. In the Aksubayevsky district of the republic, the Chuvash make up the majority - 44.0%, in the Drozhzhanovsky district they are 41.1%, in Nurlatsky - 25.3%, in Cheremshansky - 22.8%, in Tetyushsky - 20.9%, in Buinsky 19, 9%, in Alkeevsky 19.2%. Udmurts live in Kukmorsky district - 14.0%, in Baltasinsky - 11.9%, in Agryzsky - 6.4%, in Bavlinsky - 5.6%.

The peoples who inhabited the territory of the TASSR in 1920:

City of Kazan: Russians - 73.95%, Tatars - 19.43%, Jews - 3.47%, Chuvash - 0.4%, Mari - 0.09%, others - 2.69%.

Sviyazhsky district: Tatars - 38.2%, Russians - 60.0%, Chuvashs - 1.8%;

Tetyushsky district: Tatars - 58.8%, Russians - 32.2%, Chuvashs - 6.3%, Mordovians - 2.7%;

Buinsky district: Tatars - 56.0%, Russians - 13.0%, Chuvashs - 26.2%, Mordovians - 4.8%;

Arsk region: Tatars - 64.0%, Russians - 32.3%, Chuvashs - 0.2%, Votyaks - 2.7%, Maris - 0.7%, others - 0.1%;

Laishevsky district: Tatars - 49.9%, Russians - 50.0%, others - 0.1%;

Mamadyshsky district: Tatars - 70.2%, Russians - 24.6%, Votyaks - 4.1%, Mari - 1.1%;

Yelabuga region: Tatars - 50.6%, Russians - 43.8%, Votyaks - 2.1%, Mari - 3.5%;

Spassky district: Tatars - 37.8%, Russians - 50.7%, Chuvashs - 8.3%, Mordovians - 3.1%, others - 0.1%;

Chistopol region: Tatars - 36.4%, Russians - 46.1%, Chuvashs - 15.7%, Mordovians - 1.7%, others - 0.1%;

Chelninsky district: Tatars - 59.0%, Russians - 38.2%, Chuvashs - 1.3%, Mordovians - 1.5%;

Menzelinsky district: Tatars - 78.8%, Russians - 19.1%, Chuvashs - 0.2%, Maris - 1.8%, others - 0.1%;

Bugulma region: Tatars - 62.3%, Russians - 27.3%, Chuvashs - 4.6%, Mordovians - 4.3%, Votyaks - 1.0%, others - 0.5%.

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The population of the republic according to Rosstat is 3 902 642 people (2020). Tatarstan ranks 8th in terms of population among the subjects of the Russian Federation. Population density - 57,52 person/km 2 (2020). Urban population - 76,63 % (2018).

Although both main ethnic groups of the republic generally lead a similar way of life, there are significant differences in the dynamics of the number of the Tatar and Russian population of the republic. Thus, compared with Russians, Tatars have an average birth rate higher (in the countryside - 1.3 times, in the city - 1.5 times). Mortality among Tatars is somewhat lower (9.9 versus 11.2 ppm), the proportion of young age groups among Tatars is higher. The natural increase in the population of the republic: 4.0% for Tatars and -1.4% for Russians.

For these reasons, according to the forecast data for the future ethnic composition of the Republic of Tatarstan, by 2030 the proportion of Tatars within the republic will increase. By the end of the forecast period, this figure may reach 58.8%, and the share of Russians will be 35.3%. The urbanization of the Tatars will proceed at a rapid pace, and the places of their settlement will increasingly be larger cities and agglomerations. A significant increase in the number of Tatars is predicted in the largest cities with a relatively high standard of living of the population.

Chuvash make up a significant part of the population of Aksubayevsky district of the republic - 44.0%, Drozhzhanovsky district - 41.1% of Chuvash, Nurlatsky district - 25.3%, Cheremshansky district - 22.8%, Tetyushsky district - 20, 9%, Buinsky district - 19.9% ​​and Alkeevsky district - 19.2%.

Udmurts live compactly in the Kukmorsky district, where they make up 14.0% of the total population, in the Baltasinsky district - 11.9%, in the Agryzsky district - 6.4%, in the Bavlinsky district - 5.6%.

According to the 2010 census, 13.7 thousand Bashkirs live in Tatarstan, of which 5.9 thousand live in Naberezhnye Chelny, 1.8 thousand live in Kazan.

The Jews of Tatarstan and Udmurtia are special territorial groups of Ashkenazim, formed in the region of residence of a mixed Turkic, Finno-Ugric and Slavic-speaking population. Ashkenazi Jews have been living on the territory of Tatarstan since the 1830s.

Russia is not only a large country, but also the only power in the world, which includes twenty-two republics. Each of them actively interacts with the Russian government, but retains its sovereignty. The Republic of Tatarstan occupies a special place in the history and economy of our country. Today we will tell you about it.

Russia, Republic of Tatarstan: general characteristics

Tatarstan lies practically in the heart of the Russian Federation. The entire territory of the republic is located within the borders of the East European Plain, where the Volga and Kama meet in its most fertile place. And they, as you know, are one of the largest rivers in Europe. The capital of Tatarstan - the city of Kazan, located at a distance of seven hundred ninety-seven kilometers from Moscow, is considered one of the most beautiful and largest cities in the country.

Republic of Tatarstan: area and territories

The area of ​​the Republic of Tatarstan is 67,836 square kilometers. If we consider this area as part of the Russian Federation, then this is less than one percent of the total territory of our country.

Almost the entire republic is located in the zone of plains and steppes, a little more than ninety percent of the territories lie at an altitude of two hundred meters above sea level.

About eighteen percent of the total area of ​​Tatarstan is occupied by forests, deciduous trees prevail. Coniferous forests make up only five percent of the total number of "green lungs" of Tatarstan. More than four hundred species of various animals live on the plains and in the forests of the republic.

Tatarstan: a brief historical background

On the territory of the modern republic, people built settlements from about the eighth century BC. A little later, the state of the Volga Bulgars was formed here. In this area, they constituted the main population.

Tatarstan, or rather its territory, in the fifteenth century went to the Kazan Khanate, which a hundred years later became part of the Muscovite state. Only in the twenties of the last century the name of the state was transformed into the Tatar ASSR. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the name "Republic of Tatarstan" appeared in official documents.

Kazan is the most beautiful city in the republic

In every country, the capital is the most beautiful city. Therefore, it is not surprising that from the first visit to Tatarstan Kazan will become your all-encompassing love. This city amazes tourists with a unique combination of architectural historical monuments and modern buildings that fit perfectly into the appearance of the capital of Tatarstan.

Every year the flow of tourists seeking to visit Kazan is increasing. For example, last year this amazing city was visited by more than two million people. For several years now, the capital of the republic has occupied a leading position in the list of the most popular cities where you can spend the New Year holidays. In addition, Kazan has the official status of "the third capital of Russia." All this, combined with the extraordinary beauty of the city and the hospitality of its inhabitants, is enough to attract the attention of tourists to the capital of the former Kazan Khanate.

Republic of Tatarstan: population

Tatarstan is a densely populated republic. According to the latest data, the population is 3,885,253 people. The annual natural increase of the citizens of the republic is 0.2%, this figure allows Tatarstan to hold the eighth place in the Russian Federation in terms of population.

The average life expectancy has been at around seventy-two years for several years. This is the highest limit in the last thirty years. The favorable situation within the republic is evidenced by a figure characterizing how the population is replenished. Tatarstan is a country where the birth rate is kept at a consistently high level. For every thousand people, twelve new citizens are born. Sociologists predict that by 2020 the population of the republic will cross the border of 5,000,000 people.

Tatarstan: population density

The population density of the Republic of Tatarstan, according to 2017 data, is 57.26 people per square kilometer. These are the national averages. Most of the citizens of the republic live in cities, which very clearly characterizes Tatarstan. Kazan accommodates more than forty-five percent of the total population of the country.

Only twenty-four percent of the republic's citizens live in rural areas.

Ethnic composition of the former Kazan Khanate

On the whole territory of Russia there is no such multinational state as Tatarstan. According to the latest data, more than one hundred and fifteen nationalities live here, and all this is a historically developed population. Tatarstan has served as a haven for numerous ethnic diasporas since time immemorial. This policy turned out to be very advantageous for the state, because all peoples are united and there have never been conflicts on the basis of interethnic hostility in the country.

Now eight nationalities live in the state, which in their number exceed ten thousand people, among them are Russians, Maris and Tatars. The most numerous include the following nationalities:

• Tatars - more than two million people;
• Russians - about one and a half million people;
• Chuvash - one hundred twenty-six and a half thousand people.

In percentage terms, Tatars make up fifty-two percent of the total population, Russians - thirty-nine and a half percent of the inhabitants, and Chuvashs, respectively, are three percent of the citizens of Tatarstan.

Religious preferences of the population of the Republic of Tatarstan

The largest confessions in the republic are Orthodoxy and Islam. Approximately fifty percent of the population is Muslim, predominantly Tatars and Bashkirs. Almost forty-five percent of the citizens of Tatarstan consider themselves Orthodox. According to opinion polls, representatives of Catholicism, Judaism and other religious movements live in the country. At the legislative level, the balance of two major confessions is fixed in the republic.

Economic development of Tatarstan

The economy of Tatarstan is one of the most developed in the Russian Federation. It ranks sixth in the country in terms of production. The petrochemical industry plays an important role in the republic. In Tatarstan, they are engaged not only in oil production, but also in its processing, which brings significant funds to the state budget and raises its authority among the subjects of the Russian Federation.

The share of mechanical engineering in the industrial complex of the country is large, which attracts foreign investments to the republic. According to data for the past year, Tatarstan cooperated with one hundred and thirty world powers, and imports and exports were approximately the same percentage.

From the first decade of this century, the Republic of Tatarstan began the reorganization of the housing stock. For six years, more than three hundred thousand square meters of housing has been put into operation in the country. At the same time, the construction of satellite cities of Kazan and the construction of sports and entertainment facilities at the federal level began. This brought Tatarstan to a new level in the international sports arena, which, in turn, gives the republic's budget additional funds directed to the development of the region's economy.

Economists have long been pleased with the monthly increase in the production of the republic, equal to 0.1%. If this trend continues, then in a few years Tatarstan will completely overcome its dependence on the oil industry, which over the past year has shown itself to be extremely unstable. All other subjects of the Russian Federation dependent on this industry have significantly reduced their economic growth. The republic very far-sightedly directed the received investments into the development of the chemical industry, having managed with its help in the end to cover the current budget deficit.

Despite the fact that inflation in the republic is slowly but steadily growing, the standard of living in Tatarstan remains consistently high. The Republic is one of the five regions of Russia with the highest standard of living. Now it occupies the fourth place, losing to the permanent leaders of the list - Moscow, St. Petersburg and the Moscow region.

The Republic of Tatarstan can be attributed to the most unique subjects of the Russian Federation. Sociologists and economists predict rapid growth for the region in the near future, which will bring the republic to a completely new level of development.

The Russian Federation, in addition to Russian cities, includes various republics of other nationalities. These include Tatarstan, whose population consists not only of Tatars. This state has a huge cultural heritage, the study of which is very exciting. The cities of Tatarstan, it would seem, are very different from each other, but at the same time they have a large number of similarities. It is these moments that will be discussed.

About the Republic

Tatarstan is located in the region of the middle Volga region. It belongs to the Volga Federal District. The area of ​​Tatarstan is limited by such regions as Ulyanovsk, Samara, Kirov and Orenburg, as well as the republics of Mari El, Chuvashia, Udmurtia and Bashkiria. The capital of this subject of the Russian Federation is the city of Kazan.

The entire area of ​​Tatarstan is about 68 thousand square kilometers. The total population is 3868.7 thousand people. Among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the republic is in seventh place in terms of the number of people living in the territory. The population density of Tatarstan is fifty-seven people per square kilometer. This is well above the national average of 8.57 people per square kilometer.

In ancient times, Finno-Ugric tribes lived on the territory of this subject of the Russian Federation. They were displaced by the Bulgar communities, who were able to create their own state. But their time did not last long - the Mongol-Tatars destroyed everything. The current territory of Tatarstan was part of the Golden Horde. And only after its collapse did the Kazan Khanate appear. Ivan the Terrible included him in the Russian kingdom. After that, the Kazan province was created, which during the revolutions was renamed the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic acquired a new name - Tatarstan.

About settlements and main nationalities of the republic

The number of settlements, in addition to the million-plus city of Kazan, includes twenty-six more cities. Three of them (Naberezhnye Chelny, Nizhnekamsk, Almetyevsk) have more than 100 thousand inhabitants. More than 50 thousand live in such settlements as Zelenodolsk, Bugulma, Yelabuga, Leninogorsk, Chistopol. The Republic of Tatarstan is incredibly multinational. Its population is diverse. It has more than 173 nationalities. Among them:

• Tatars (about 53.2% of the total population);
• Russians (39.7%);
• Chuvash (3.1%);
• Udmurts (0.6%);
• Bashkirs (0.36%);
• other nationalities (less than 3.1%).

The population by regions shows that the percentage of Tatars in almost all regions is slightly less than that of Russians.

Kazan is the heart of the republic

The capital of any state is its pride. The same can be said about Kazan. The origin of this city is as ancient as the origin of the Republic of Tatarstan itself. Not without reason, in the Old Slavic times, the territory of the subject of the Russian Federation was called the "Kazan Khanate".

Kazan is the pearl of the Republic of Tatarstan, the population supports the preservation of cultural heritage with all its might, but at the same time it brings modern features to the image of the city. Today, the settlement is a modern center that has not lost its former grandeur at all.

A little more than a million people live on the territory of Kazan. This is the largest city in the republic. It is predominantly populated by Russians and Tatars (approximately 48% and 47% respectively). Other nationalities are relatively rare. That is why two directions prevail in religious views: Orthodox Christianity and Sunni Islam.

Distinctive features of other cities of the republic

In addition to the million-plus city, there are other noteworthy settlements on the territory of Tatarstan. For example, Naberezhnye Chelny. During the Soviet Union, this city was the leading city in the country in terms of the production of KamAZ trucks. It was this event that turned an ordinary small town into a progressive center. In that era, the city was even renamed Brezhnev, but somehow this decision did not take root. The administration had to return the former name.

Another very interesting city is Almetyevsk. This is the oldest settlement in the Republic of Tatarstan, whose population is a valuable bearer of the traditions and legends of the former Kazan Khanate. At the same time, Nizhnekamsk is the youngest city in the republic. But, surprisingly, it is in third place after Kazan and Naberezhnye Chelny in terms of the number of inhabitants.

In addition to these cities, there are other noteworthy settlements. All of them, even in the photo, have some kind of elusive similarity in buildings, streets and other little things. But at the same time, the difference between these cities is also felt.

Finally

Tatarstan is one of the ten largest subjects belonging to the Russian Federation. The beauty of its capital does not deteriorate over the years. The city is getting better and better. The population mainly consists of Russians and Tatars, so it will not be difficult for those wishing to visit this glorious republic to communicate with the locals. And their friendliness and hospitality will impress anyone.

is a republic within the Russian Federation. The head of state and the highest official of the Republic of Tatarstan is the President. He heads the system of executive bodies of state power in the republic and manages the activities of the Cabinet of Ministers - the executive and administrative body of state power. The Cabinet of Ministers is responsible to the President. The candidacy of the Prime Minister is approved by the Parliament of Tatarstan at the proposal of the President.

The highest representative and legislative body of state power in the Republic of Tatarstan is the unicameral State Council (Parliament).

The State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan is the permanent supreme representative, legislative body of state power. Parliament is elected for a term of five years and consists of 100 deputies. The State Council is headed by the Chairman of the State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan.

President of the Republic of Tatarstan

Prime Minister of the Republic of Tatarstan

Local self-government acts independently within its powers. Local self-government bodies are not included in the system of state authorities. Local self-government throughout the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan is carried out in urban, rural settlements, municipal districts and urban districts.

Judicial power is exercised by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Tatarstan, federal courts of general jurisdiction, the Arbitration Court of the Republic of Tatarstan and justices of the peace. Judicial proceedings and office work in courts are conducted in accordance with federal law.

The capital of the republic is Kazan, one of the largest economic, scientific, cultural and sports centers in Russia.

The official languages ​​in Tatarstan are Tatar and Russian.

The Republic of Tatarstan is multi-confessional. As of January 1, 2008, 1398 religious associations were registered. Traditional confessions for the republic are Sunni Islam and Orthodoxy. The state policy in the republic is aimed at maintaining the balance of interests of Islam and Orthodoxy, the equality of all religions before the law.

In terms of the number of functioning religious communities, Tatarstan is one of the leaders among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. There are about 1,400 religious buildings in the republic, of which: 1,150 mosques, 200 churches, 50 religious buildings of other faiths.

In political and administrative terms, Tatarstan is divided into 43 municipal districts, 22 cities, 20 urban-type settlements, 897 rural settlements.

The Republic of Tatarstan is one of the most densely populated regions of Russia. In terms of population, Tatarstan ranks eighth among 83 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The total population of Tatarstan in mid-2011 amounted to 3 million 787 thousand 355 people.

Throughout the 20th century and the first decades of the 21st century, the population of the region grew at a low rate: 1920 - 2.7 million people, 1970 - 3.13 million people, 1989 - 3.64 million people ., 1999 - 3.78 million people, 2002 - 3.77 million people.

In general, the demographic processes of the Republic of Tatarstan repeat the all-Russian trends. The total fertility rate in the period from 2005 to 2011 varied slightly, reaching a minimum in 2010 (9.6%) and a maximum in 2009 (11.8%).

In 2011, for the first time in the last 20 years, the number of births exceeded the number of deaths, and the natural increase in the population of the republic became positive (Fig. 1).

This trend continued in 2012. In July 2012, the coefficient of natural population growth increased to 1.2% and the population of the republic increased by 2996 people. An increase in the number of births not only of the first and second, but also of the third and subsequent children in the family was recorded.

The gender structure of the population of Tatarstan is dominated by the female population: the share of women is 53.9%, and men - 46.1%.

Women quantitatively predominate in the urban settlements of the republic. Thus, in cities, there are 1,015 women per 1,000 men of working age, and 2,652 women per 1,000 men of retirement age. Only among the townspeople of children's age (0-15 years) is there a preponderance towards the male population: there are 956 girls per 1000 boys.

In 2010, the average life expectancy of the republic's population was 70.8 years (the average for the Russian Federation is 69 years).

In the Republic of Tatarstan, a positive migration balance has been maintained for several decades, which indicates the economic attractiveness of the region both among the population of neighboring regions and among residents of the CIS countries. The main migration flows are directed to Tatarstan from the Chuvash Republic, the Republic of Mari El, Bashkortostan, and among the CIS countries - from Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and other republics.

In 2010, 62.7% of the total number of migrants participated in intra-republican migrations. Among the cities of Tatarstan, the cities of Mamadysh (10.5‰), Buinsk (7.9‰), Menzelinsk (7.0‰), Kazan (6.9‰), Mendeleevsk (5.4‰) have the largest net migration.

Large industrial cities have either a low or negative net migration rate: Nizhnekamsk (-3.2‰), Naberezhnye Chelny (-0.9‰), Almetyevsk (0.1‰).

In total, representatives of 115 nationalities live on the territory of Tatarstan. The ethnic composition of the population is characterized by the predominance of representatives of three national groups - Tatars (53%), Russians (39.4%), Chuvashs (3.3%). All other national groups are less numerous, and the share of each of them does not exceed 1%. For example, the fourth national group after the Chuvashs is the Udmurt population, whose share is 0.6% of the total population.

The total share of other national groups is 4.2% of the total population of the republic. The ratio of the leading national groups of the republic according to the results of individual population censuses is presented in Table. one.

Table 1 . The ratio of the leading national population groups according to the results of individual population censuses

The main areas of settlement of the predominantly Tatar population are Zakazanie, a vast area to the north and northeast of Kazan, as well as the east and south of the republic. Tatars numerically predominate in most districts and cities, and their share has increased almost throughout the entire territory of the republic (Fig. 3). The Chuvash and Mordovians traditionally live in the peripheral regions of the southwest, the Mari in the northwest, and the Udmurts in the northeast. The Russian population slightly predominates in areas located on both banks of the Volga and near the wide mouth of the Kama, flooded by the reservoir, as well as in the cities of Zelenodolsk, Chistopol (more than 60% of the population), Bugulma and Yelabuga (more than half). Large communities of Ukrainians and Bashkirs formed as a result of labor migrations of the 1960s–1970s, they are concentrated in Naberezhnye Chelny and Nizhnekamsk (more than 40% of Ukrainians and 55% of Bashkirs of the republic).

The population density of the republic is 55.8 people/km2. According to this indicator, Tatarstan noticeably surpasses most neighboring regions, yielding only to the Samara region (59.2 people/km2) and the Chuvash Republic (69.9 people/km2). For example, the same indicator in the Republic of Mari El is 30.2 people/km2, in Udmurtia - 38.6 people/km2, in the Kirov region - 11.6 people/km2, in Bashkortostan - 28.3 people/km2.

Rural population density map

In the Republic of Tatarstan, the density of the rural population is only 13.7 people/km2, which indicates high urbanization.

75.4% of the population of the republic lives in urban areas, 24.6% - in rural areas. The urban population tends to steadily slow growth.

The cities of the republic differ in the number of inhabitants and play an unequal role in the internal and external socio-economic processes of the republic. The largest cities with a population of more than 100 thousand people have a diversified industry, participate in the intra-regional division of labor, producing products oriented both to the domestic and foreign markets (Table 2).

table 2. Classification of cities by population(2010th year)

Due to historical and economic reasons, the urban population of the republic is distributed unevenly. Most of it is concentrated in the northwest, northeast and southeast of Tatarstan (Fig. 4). Systems, clusters of cities have formed here, which are developing agglomerations.

The most developed is the Kazan agglomeration, which includes the city of Kazan, the city of Zelenodolsk and the settlement zone between them. About 1 million 300 thousand people live within the Kazan agglomeration, which is approximately 34.4% of the population of the republic and 45.5% of all city dwellers in the region.

Kazan is the capital of the republic, the only millionaire city in the region (1145.4 thousand people). It is the economic, cultural and political center of Tatarstan. The area of ​​Kazan is 425.3 km2. The birth and death rates coincide and amount to 13.1‰. Migration growth - (+4.6‰). The ethnic composition of the inhabitants is diverse, but the leading national groups are Russians (48.8%), Tatars (47.5%).

The Nizhnekamsk agglomeration, formed on the basis of young cities - Naberezhnye Chelny and Nizhnekamsk, as well as ancient Yelabuga, has about 850 thousand inhabitants, which is 22.4% of the population of the republic and 29.8% of the urban population.

Naberezhnye Chelny is a large industrial and cultural center in the north-east of the republic. This is the main city of the polycentric Nizhnekamsk agglomeration and the center of the Nizhnekamsk TIC, the second largest city in Tatarstan in terms of population and importance.

The area of ​​the city is 171 km2; population - 513.2 thousand people, which is about 13.5% of the population of Tatarstan. The coefficient of natural population growth is positive and amounts to 5.7‰. The migration growth of the population is negative and amounts to (- 0.9‰). The national composition of the city's population is represented by the following main national groups: Tatars - 45.7%, Russians - 45.1%, Chuvash - 1.9%, Ukrainians - 1.6%, Bashkirs - 1.4%.

Nizhnekamsk is a large industrial center of the republic. This is the third largest city in Tatarstan, the administrative center of the Nizhnekamsk municipal district.

The area of ​​Nizhnekamsk is 61.0 km2, the population is 234.1 thousand inhabitants. The coefficient of natural increase is positive and amounts to 5.7 ‰, the coefficient of net migration is (-3.2 ‰). The national composition of the population is represented mainly by Tatars (46.5%), Russians (46.1%), Chuvashs (3.0%), Ukrainians (1.0%), Bashkirs (1%).

Elabuga (city since 1780) is the industrial and cultural-historical center of the republic. It is the seventh most populous city in Tatarstan. Its area is 18.4 km2, the population is 70.9 thousand people. The natural population growth is positive and amounts to 3.5‰, the net migration coefficient is also positive (+ 3.5‰).

The cities of the south-east of the republic (Almetievsk, Bugulma, Leninogorsk, Aznakaevo, Bavly), closely connected by industrial, economic and cultural ties, form an industrial hub that contributed to the emergence of a new agglomeration.

About 337 thousand people live within the Almetyevsko-Bugulma agglomeration, which is 8.9% of the population of the republic and 11.9% of the urban population of the region.

Almetyevsk is the administrative center of the Almetyevsk municipal district, the largest city in the polycentric Almetyevsk-Bugulma agglomeration, the center of the Almetyevsk-Bugulma TPK of the republic, the fourth largest city in Tatarstan in terms of population and importance.

The area of ​​the city is 41 km2, the population is 146.2 thousand people. The natural population growth is positive and amounts to 1.3‰. The migration growth of the population has slowed down and amounts to 0.1‰. The national composition of the population is represented by the following national groups: Tatars - 50.4%, Russians - 42.9%, Chuvashs - 2.4%, Mordovians - 2.4%.

Republican agglomerations are large industrial centers, concentrating in total 65.7% of the total population and 87.1% of the urban population of Tatarstan, act as "points of growth" of the regional economy.

The number of labor resources in the Republic of Tatarstan is 2434.3 thousand people, and the economically active population is 2092.8 thousand people. (July 2012).