How to correctly place accents. Arrangement of stresses in the text in Russian

To task number 4 "Orthoepic norms"

Stress rules for nouns.

1. Words of foreign origin, as a rule, in Russian they retain the place of stress, which they had in the source language. In English, stress is most often on the first syllable, while in French it is on the last.
Therefore, English borrowings sound like this:
GENESIS, MARKETING, MANAGEMENT, PORTER;
and French like this:
engraver, dispensary, blinds, rubber, parterre, music stand, chassis.

2. In words denoting measures of length and ending in -meter, the stress falls on the last syllable:
kilometer, centimeter, millimeter, decimeter.

3. In compound words with the second part -the wire with the general meaning "a device for transporting some substance or energy", the stress falls on the root -water- :
gasoline pipeline, water pipeline, garbage pipeline, light pipeline.
BUT: electric wire, electric drive.

4. In words ending in -log, the stress falls, as a rule, on the last syllable: dialogue, catalogue, monologue, obituary.

5. In verbal nouns the place of stress is preserved, which is in the original verb from which they are formed:
(faith) to confess - faith
provide - provision.

6. In some nouns, the stress is fixed and remains on the root in all cases:
airport - airports
bow - bows - with bows
accountant - accountants
X - with X - X - X
crane - cranes
lecturer – lecturers – lecturers
cake - with cake - cakes - cakes
scarf - scarf - scarf - scarf.

7. In a noun minion the stress falls on the root. In all words formed from this word, the accent on -BAL- falls:
spoiled, spoiled, spoiled, spoiled, spoiled, spoiled.

Stress rules for adjectives.
1. In some adjectives, the stress is the same as in the original nouns from which they are formed:
plum - plum
KITCHEN - KITCHEN
sorrel - sorrel.

2. The stressed syllable of the full form of some adjectives remains accented and in short form:
beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful
unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable.

3. In some frequent adjectives with mobile stress, it falls on the root in full form - in the singular and plural; and also in the short - in the masculine and neuter. In the feminine short form, the stress goes to the ending:
right - right - right - right - right
slender - slender - slender - slender - slender.

4. If the stress in the short form of the feminine gender falls on the ending, then in the comparative form it will be on the suffix -E- or- HER-:
sick - sicker, strong - stronger, slim - slimmer.
If the stress in the feminine gender is on the basis, then in a comparative degree it is preserved there:
beautiful - more beautiful, sad - sadder.

Stress rules for verbs.

1. Emphasis on past tense verbs usually falls on the same syllable as the infinitive:
walk - walked, walked
hide - hid, hid.

2. In another group of verbs, the stress in all forms is motionless, and in the feminine of the past tense it passes to the ending:
take - took, took, took, took
lie - lied, lied, lied, lied.
took A, took, poured in, burst in, perceived, recreated, drove, chased, got, got, got, waited, waited, took, locked, locked, called, was called, lilA, poured, lied, tore, called, poured, narwhal, began, drenched, hugged, overtook, skinned, departed, gave away, withdrew, responded, poured, called, watered, understood, arrived, tore, took off, created, tore off, removed.

3. For verbs put, steal, sneak, send, send, send accent in the form past tense feminine DOES NOT fall on the ending, but stays on the base:
put, stole, stole, sent, sent, sent.
The exception is verbs with shock prefix YOU-, which always drags the accent:
lila - poured out, stole - stole.

4. In verbs ending in -IT, when conjugated, the stress falls on the endings: -ISH, -IT, -IM, -ITE, -AT/-YAT:
turn on - turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on
hand over - hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over
get through - get through, get through, get through, get through, get through
bleed - bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed.
Verbs are conjugated in the same way:
call, exclude, endow, lean, litter, call, ease, encourage, cheer up, borrow, surround, repeat, call back, call, drill, strengthen, pinch.

5. In the following verbs ending in -IT, the stress does NOT fall on the ending:
vulgarize - vulgarize
become aware - become aware.

6. In verbs, formed from adjectives, the emphasis usually falls on -IT:
fast - speed up, sharp - sharpen, light - lighten, vigorous - encourage, deep - deepen.
BUT: verb embitter, formed from the adjective evil, does not obey this rule.

7. In reflexive verbs the stress in the past tense often changes to an ending or suffix (in masculine past tense verbs):
start - started, started, started, started
to be accepted - to be accepted, to be accepted, to be accepted, to be accepted.

Rules for placing stress in participles.

1.In active past participles with suffix -VSh- the stress, as a rule, falls on the same vowel that is in the word before this suffix:
ignite vsh yy, nali vsh oh, look vsh uy.

2. In passive past participles formed from verbs bend, bend, bend the accent falls on the prefix:
bent, bent, bent.

3. In the brief passive past participles of the feminine gender the accent falls on the ending:
busy, locked, populated, acquired, filled, encouraged, removed, created.

4. If the stress in full form falls on the suffix -YONN- , then in the short form it is preserved only in the masculine gender, and in other forms it passes to the ending:
enabled - enabled, enabled, enabled, enabled
delivered - delivered, delivered, delivered, delivered
populated - populated, populated, populated, populated.
The participles change in the same way:
endowed, brought down, encouraged, disabled, repeated, shared, tamed.

5. In full forms of participles with a suffix -T- formed from verbs with suffixes -ABOUT- And -WELL- in the infinitive, the stress falls one syllable forward:
weeding - polo T th, stab - stab T th, bend - bend T th, wrap - wrap T th.

Rules for placing stress in adverbs.

1. Participles often have an accent on the same syllable as in the infinitive of the verb from which they are formed:
to ask - having asked, to fill in - a bay, to take - to take, to start - to start, to raise - to raise, to undertake - to undertake, to create - to create.

2. In gerunds with a suffix -VSh-, -VSHI- the stress falls on the vowel that precedes these suffixes in the word:
beginning in, otdA in, lift in, profit in, beginning lice s.

Rules for placing stress in adverbs.

1. On the console BEFORE- the stress falls in the following adverbs:
top, bottom, dry.
BUT: white, utterly.
2. On the console BEHIND- the emphasis falls on the words:
ahead of time, dark, dawn.
BUT: envy - enviable.

An important part of linguistics is orthoepy - the science that studies pronunciation. It is she who answers the question of how to correctly emphasize in different cases. Without knowledge of this, competent oral speech is impossible. Incorrectly placed stress not only makes a person ridiculous in the eyes of interlocutors, but also seriously complicates the communication process, because the word can eventually change its meaning ... Our article is devoted to the topic "Correct stress in words." emphasize, we will consider in this publication in more detail.

Word stress is the emphasis of one of the syllables of a word with the help of voice. The pronunciation of a stressed vowel requires a special strain on the organs of speech and phonation. The syllable pronounced with the greatest force is called stressed.

In addition to verbal, there is also syntagmic stress (highlights a certain word in a syntagma), phrasal (highlights a syntagma in a phrase) and logical (highlights a word to emphasize its semantic dominance over others in a given context).

Types of word stress

Word stresses also have their subspecies. The division is carried out taking into account what means and methods of staging are used in a particular language. This is how they distinguish:

It should be noted that several means of acoustics can be combined in the same stress. In addition, in different words of the same sentence, stress can be more pronounced and vice versa.

Designation of stress in writing

In addition to the peculiarities of setting, there are still different ways of designation. For example, in the international phonetic alphabet, stress is indicated by a vertical line or a line above the syllable. In Russian, it is sometimes denoted by the sign “akut”, which is placed above. In English, they put a stroke at the end of the stressed word. In some dictionaries, stress is indicated by a combination of bold and

Stress in Russian

The stressed syllables of the Russian language have a longer pronunciation compared to other parts of the word. But the height of the selected vowel can change. There are many languages ​​among the world's languages ​​where stress is a stable and fixed thing. Like, for example, the French, who always emphasize the last syllable in a word if it is pronounced separately. And in the whole phrase, everything except the final word is unstressed. Only the last syllable of the rhythmic group (actually, the phrase) stands out.

There are no such patterns in Russian. The stress can fall on any syllable. Moreover, it can change in word forms. Therefore, it is not always easy to correctly place stresses. Especially for a person who is not a native speaker.

Who is having difficulty?

Of course, a person who was born and raised among native speakers of the literary Russian language, surrounded entirely by teachers, writers, university professors and other representatives of the intelligentsia, will never have big problems with stress. But are there many such people? Russia is huge, it is home to a large number of nationalities who communicate either in Surzhik or in their own dialects or languages. They have a hard time with literary speech.

And it is even more difficult for Russian-speaking people living outside of Russia, where the influence of other languages ​​is strong. Well, of course, foreigners who come to the Russian Federation to work or for permanent residence often do not understand at all how to properly emphasize this or that word. After all, there are no norms that determine the regularity of its placement in the Russian language as such!

Way out

What should a person do who wants to make the right stress in words? How to put them in a particular case? If we are talking about a foreigner who has moved to Russia, then communication with the indigenous population will help him (but not with loaders at the station, of course). You need to look for the relevant areas, listen and remember. Television and radio stations are of great help in this matter. As a rule, the media administration monitors the literacy of its staff.

People living outside the Russian Federation will need a spelling dictionary or reference book, where you can always check the correct pronunciation. In addition, today there are all sorts of programs and Internet resources that help you quickly master literary Russian.

But problems arise not only among the above categories of citizens. Indigenous Russians, who by and large know how to speak correctly, also sometimes face a dilemma and do not know how to make the right stress in words. How to put them correctly, for example, in foreign terms? Often there are difficulties with words that used to be pronounced this way, but now they are pronounced differently ... There are not many of them at all - about a few dozen. But some are so deeply ingrained in their delusion that even a professor of linguistics may have some doubts!

Correct stress in words: how to correctly stress the word "ringing"?

Perhaps the most textbook example of mispronunciation is the word "ringing". No matter how hard the teachers try, no matter how much the comedians ridicule the ignorant, the mistake in the mouths of the people continues to live on. Well, our population does not want to learn by heart how to correctly stress the word “ringing”!

Perhaps this is due to the fact that in many literary works, old films, etc., the pronunciation of this word did not meet modern standards. And linguists are even thinking about whether they should meet the masses and correct the rule? But so far this has not happened (and it is not known whether this will be done in the future), and it is necessary to put the accent in the word “ringing” correctly. It falls on the second syllable. And nothing else.

curd problem

Often there are difficulties with the word "cottage cheese". Some pronounce it with an emphasis on the first "o", others - on the second ... And there is a historical explanation for this. Because the term for this fermented milk product was pronounced differently at different times.

In the dictionaries of the nineteenth century, the norm is fixed, where the stress is the second syllable. And the famous linguist Dal insists on the first. Over the past century, people stubbornly used both options, and in the end, linguists agreed that in the case of the word "cottage cheese", the correct stress would not be fixed. True, in principle, is considered one type of pronunciation, and another. Both "o" can be stressed.

It only applies to everyday life. And in official speeches by politicians, speeches by journalists, etc., it is preferable to use "cottage cheese" with an emphasis on the second syllable.

These words must be learned

In addition to the two above, in Russian there are a number of words in the pronunciation of which mistakes are traditionally made. The following is a list of correct accents that you just need to memorize.

• Airport - stress on the fourth syllable.
• Pamper - on the last syllable.
• Include - stress on the second syllable.
• Development - on the second syllable.
• Money - stress on the second syllable.
• The contract is on the last syllable.
• Absolutely - stress on the second syllable.
• Blinds - on the last syllable.
• Clog - stress on the second syllable.
• Stroke - on the second syllable.
• Catalog - stress on the last syllable.
• Quarter - on the last syllable.
• More beautiful - stress on the second syllable.
• Providing - stress on the third syllable.
• Lighten - on the last syllable.
• On Wednesdays, the stress is on the last syllable.
• Having accepted - on the second syllable.
• Beet - stress on the first syllable.
• Plum - on the first syllable.
• Cakes - stress on the first syllable.
• Phenomenon - on the second syllable.
• Intercession - stress on the second syllable.
• Scoop - on the first syllable.
• Sorrel - stress on the second syllable.

This list can be titled as follows: "Speak correctly - put stress in the right places" - and hang it over your desk. Or over the bed to repeat at bedtime. Or on the bathroom mirror to start every morning smartly. For a quick effect, it is advisable not only to read the words to yourself, but also to pronounce them out loud. And loud. And several times. It will take only a couple of weeks (and for someone, maybe even days), and the correct pronunciation will harmoniously fit into oral speech. The main thing is desire, just a little effort - and everything will work out!

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Stress in Russian

Development phonetics of the Russian language can be challenging for foreigners starting out to learn Russian language. As you should be aware, the pronunciation of Russian vowels differs depending on which accent the given letter is present or not.

Unlike some other languages, Russian no strict stress rules- it can fall on any account syllable in a word (compare with French, where the stress almost always falls on the last syllable). It is almost impossible to predict which syllable is stressed in a given word, especially for a foreigner who has just begun to learn Russian.

Online tool on this page automatically places stresses in Russian words, and also restores the letter "ё" in the Russian text. This will save you time, because. you don't have to look up word stress in a dictionary.

Some Russian words, which are spelled the same, have different meanings depending on where the stress falls. Compare:

Castle Castle
big big

Such words are called homographs. The online tool will show all possible stress positions in similar words. The dictionary contains information about 23,376 homographs (16,609 unique spellings).

There is also a group of words in Russian that I call "false" homographs. These are words with the letter "e", which become homographs if they are written with the letter "e". For example, the word "shore", being written as "shore", can be read both as "shore" and as "shore". The online tool shows both possible stresses in similar words. Other examples:

wheels wheels
lakes lakes

There is another group of words that can also be written with the letter "e" or "yo". The stress position in such words is the same, but their meaning is different. For example:

all all
sky sky

If you choose to display stressed vowels "dyed red", then the letter "ё" in such words will be highlighted in purple: all .

Maximum text length (number of characters):

• unregistered users - 50,
• language pack "frequent user" - 10,000,
• language pack "polyglot" - 10,000.

Do you want to improve this tool? Use error correction mode in the translator of Russian words into transcription!

Stress in Russian words, homographs - online resources

Updates to this word to transcription translator

• Updates in the online tool for placing stress in Russian words

  I have improved an online tool that places stresses in Russian words. One of the improvements is the ability to restore the letter "ё" in Russian text....

A well-bred person always feels confident in communicating with a variety of people. He will not save in front of the professor at the session and will be full of dignity, having met a public person. What gives him confidence? Perfect mastery of the native language, when he has the opportunity to speak on equal terms with the most educated people. You cannot consider yourself an intellectual if you cannot express your thoughts or use inappropriate words in your speech, especially if you pronounce words with errors. Setting the correct stress is one of the components of a competent and beautiful speech.

Correct literary speech involves the implementation of certain rules, among the most significant - stress. Hearing correct speech around him, a child automatically remembers stressed syllables from childhood and usually does not make mistakes when talking. But as with any rule, there are exceptions to stress. There are more than 20 of them in Russian. And in order to pronounce these words correctly, you just need to remember them. Moreover, some of these words refer exclusively to the business sphere, where illiterate pronunciation can not only distort the ear, but also make a depressing impression on business partners.
To prevent this from happening, you need to remember that the stress in words is placed as follows: development - development, catalog - catalogue, domain - domain, marketing - marketing, means - means. In the word contract, the emphasis is on the last “o” - contract, in the plural the correct literary form is the word contracts, and in business life you need to use only it. In vernacular, the form is acceptable - contract A.

It is completely unforgivable for a person who considers himself literate to make mistakes in everyday speech. Therefore, you need to firmly remember the stress in the following words: call - call, more beautiful - more beautiful, thinking - thinking, quarter - quarter, stroke - stroke, provision - provision, petition - intercession.

Language, like everything that surrounds us in life, tends to undergo changes from time to time. New forms are being introduced, old ones are falling into disuse. This is especially indicative of such words as cottage cheese - a more preferable form - cottage cheese, although cottage cheese is considered acceptable, but a more colloquial and outdated form of using this word.

The word deserves special attention. The fact is that we pronounce it very often, and just as often we make mistakes. You can often hear "About money, money, money." But these are outdated and obsolete forms of pronunciation. Modern literary norms suggest a completely different emphasis in words - about money, money, money. However, in sayings, it will be correct to use the old form, for example, "Money does not buy happiness."

If you have children in your family or Russian is not your native language, be sure to get a dictionary. Look into it more often and teach your children to do it. At a minimum, you are provided with a competent pronunciation and spelling of words. Deep and solid knowledge of the language is the basis of confidence in communication, which has interlocutors to you. Therefore, try to speak correctly!

A modern person has a lot of opportunities to learn how to speak correctly and beautifully. And these opportunities should not be neglected. Competent speech disposes interlocutors, arouses interest and forms respect for a person.

What rules do you need to know in order to choose the correct option for placing stress in words?

In the tasks of the USE on the observance of orthoepic norms, nouns, adjectives, verbs and participles are most often found. Moving stress makes it difficult to correctly set the stress. So let's start with nouns. Let's exclude what we will not dwell on.

Firstly, you will not meet equivalent and acceptable pronunciation and stress options (thinking and thinking; cottage cheese and cottage cheese).

Secondly, commonly used words just need to be learned and pronounced correctly not only in the exam, but also in life.

Paragraph, agent, alibi, analogue, watermelon, arrest, athlete, bows, dishes, gas pipeline, blessing, fear, hyphen, contract, document, associate professor, leisure, nap, confessor, gospel, blinds, vent, clog, malice, sign, icon painting, invention, refinement, tool, spark, confession, rubber, quarter, self-interest, vine, aches, medicines, youth, ordeal, intention, illness, dumbness, provision, adolescence, plateau, portfolio, sheet, percentage, pullover, purple, revolver, belt, beetroot, silo, convocation, funds, customs, dancer, strengthening, chain, gypsy, porcelain, expert.

Thirdly, there are few rules. Judge for yourself.

1) If words with the root -log- are offered, then know that it is stressed: dialogue, catalog, epilogue, obituary. Exceptions are “analogue” and words that name professions and occupations: philologist, biologist, archaeologist.

2) If the word ends in -mia, then [o] is under stress: astronomy, economy, except for term words (anemia, metonymy).

3) If the word has a second part -mania or -aria, then [a] is under stress: drug addiction, anglomania; seminary, cooking, veterinary medicine.

Let's turn now to adjectives. They have a short form and mobile stress, which is influenced by gender and number. And here the rule is practically the same: if the adjective is in the form of a feminine gender, then the ending is stressed: bad, fast, young, expensive.

The neuter and plural forms require an accent on the stem: bad, fast, young, expensive; bad, fast, young, expensive. There are a number of adjectives that have 2 options, and yet the accent on the stem is considered preferable.

The ending is always stressed in adjectives-exceptions: funny, heavy, hot, light, equal, dark, warm, smart, black, good.

Funny, funny, funny; heavy, heavy, heavy, etc.

Verbs and their forms predominate in test items. Remember that the prefix - you is always percussion (jump out, lay out), and the root - ringing - is always unstressed (phone, call, call).

In the infinitive verb, the stress most often falls on the suffix: bestow, splash, seal.

Past tense verbs with and without prefixes have mobile stress, which also depends on the gender and number of verbs. In the feminine form, the stress ending (waited, removed, accepted), and in the neuter gender and plural, the stem is stressed (waited, waited, understood, understood).

Verbs are considered exceptions: put, sent, stole, sent.

Note that the prefixes po-, za-, pro-, so- also like stress (occupied, occupied, occupied).

Exceptions are those verbs in which the stress falls on the root: called, called, called; tore, tore, tore.

For full participles, the suffixes -ann- and -yann- are unstressed (broken, scattered). The suffix -enn- is unstressed at the participle, if in the form of the future tense the stress is on the basis (wake up - awakened), and the suffix -yonn- occurs only if in the form of the verb of the future tense the emphasis is on the ending (bring in - brought in).

Short participles are easier. We look at the full form, if there is a suffix -yonn-, then in the short form -yon- (brought - brought), another option is possible (given - given, given, given, BUT given).

Prefixes pull the accent!

Named - named, named, named, named.

Collected - collected, collected, collected, collected.

In the feminine and neuter, as well as in the plural, the stress is always on the ending (brought, brought, brought).

There are many adverbs in tests. There are no uniform rules for the pronunciation of adverbs, although some patterns can be found.