Shepherd profession description. Profession - shepherd

One of the most ancient professions. Works on sheep and goat farms, collective farms and other state farms. Carries out work on caring for sheep or goats. Feeds, drinks, grazes animals. Selects queens and lambs to form Sakmans (groups of sheep and lambs of the same age and development). Cleans and cleans inventory and premises. Shears sheep or downy goats. Provides assistance to sick animals during childbirth. Carries out sanitary and hygienic processing of sheep and lambs. Carries out measures to improve the maintenance and feeding of the livestock serviced in order to increase the productivity of animals and their preservation, as well as improve the breeding qualities of the livestock and increase the litter of lambs.

Must know

Fundamentals of Veterinary Medicine, Zohygiene, Animal Anatomy and Physiology; technology and progressive methods of keeping the livestock of sheep and goats; methods of increasing the litter of lambs; rules for keeping pedigree and zootechnical records; cutting technology; the most common diseases and basic methods of providing first veterinary aid to a sick animal and first aid.

Professionally important qualities

• ability to tolerate stress;
• attentiveness;
• a sense of responsibility and reliability.

Medical contraindications

• nervous and mental illnesses;
• poor eyesight and hearing;
• dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system.

Ways to get a profession

Directly in production.

Related professions

Janitor, cleaner, veterinarian.

The word "shepherd" immediately gives rise to an association: a nomad, a wandering caretaker of the flock. In search of food, the sheep, led by the shepherd, must gain weight and acquire quality wool. It is highly regarded as a natural material for clothing and more. Sheep wool blankets are still unsurpassed in their thermal and environmental performance. They are inferior to fabrics and fillers created using the latest technologies.

Based on this, the duties of the shepherd, his equipment and the attributes necessary for work have been formed.

Equipment of a modern shepherd

Today the shepherd grazes a flock of 1000-1500 heads. The distance with his wards overcomes a huge, several hundred kilometers. Unlike the shepherd, the flock grazes all year round. The shepherd and his assistants have to experience any weather on themselves. Therefore, all farms strive to provide the shepherds with everything they need. In the foreground is a horse, dogs and a walkie-talkie. Besides:

• girlyga;
• gaitan with zaman;
• special first aid kit for sheep;
• flute or fluor (like a flute).

A girlygoy is a long stick with a hook at the end. With its help, if necessary, the sheep is grabbed by the legs.

Gaitan is a belt of special strength and cut. A pocket is fixed on it, which is not fixed at three seams, but hangs freely so that it is convenient for the shepherd to get the necessary thing.

Tweezers are usually placed in the kaitan, which are used to remove the most typical and common trouble from a sick sheep - worms. In the first-aid kit, there must be a horn for blue stone and tar - antiseptics, proven for centuries.

Another obligatory thing for a shepherd is a knife. True, the modern shepherd almost never uses it in a fight with a wolf. A gun serves for this purpose. But he also does not give up the knife, going on a long and long journey.

Shepherd or land sailor

Several months on the road, with an overnight stay outside the hotel, in any weather and always with the utmost attention to the sheep population - not everyone can cope with such a job. Especially those who do not perceive loneliness, lose balance without, as they say, the benefits of civilization. Indeed, not everyone can be a shepherd. In addition, one must have the courage to rely only on one's own strength. A modern shepherd must be a veterinarian: he almost always has to heal the sheep, provide them with assistance, do everything necessary to keep the livestock. Here, without the banal “You must love your work,” nothing will work.

But the advantages of this work are great: alone with nature, without the costs of a metropolis, a person acquires not only new character traits, but also character itself.

It is not for nothing that it is customary to draw a parallel between a long-distance sailor and a shepherd: both travel great distances, not seeing relatives and friends for months.

Sheep breeding is traditionally practiced in the south of Russia - in Udmurtia, Bashkiria, Kalmykia. Sheep breeding is developed in the former republics of the Soviet Union: this is Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan. Sheep are popular in the Caucasus. The industry that processes sheep meat and milk is also widely developed here. And high-quality wool and fur are widely used in the textile industry and light industry. Therefore, the profession of a shepherd is still in demand here.

But unlike the shepherds of the century before last and the last, many large livestock farms specializing in sheep breeding give preference to shepherds who have received special education in zoological and veterinary educational institutions.

I remember that I promised to tell you about the shepherds. I'm telling you. First, I will explain who the shepherd is. He is often confused with a shepherd. But these are all sorts of specialists. The shepherd is the lowest link in the livestock process. He is responsible for little and practically does not have the right to make independent decisions. His work is ineffective, and therefore low-paid. The shepherd always "sits on a salary." He is almost always dissatisfied, drunk and poorly educated. A shepherd is a seasonal laborer and often the turnover of shepherds is quite serious. Therefore, starting next year, I will completely give up working with a shepherd. Practice has shown that this is an ineffective and very financially and emotionally capacious process. And this is even despite the fact that my shepherd was motivated according to the "shepherd scheme".

So shepherds are not good for sheep breeding. Only shepherds.

The shepherd is practically an autonomous unit of personnel. He bears a rather big responsibility, he assumes part of the farmer's risks, but receives fair compensation for this. Everything in order:

1) The shepherd always receives a fixed amount for grazing each head of the flock. The amount varies from 150 to 350 rubles per head per month.
2) In addition to the "salary", the shepherd receives a pre-agreed bonus. Almost always the shepherd receives this bonus in live weight. Much less money. The bonus is equal to the part of the difference between the expected offspring and the actual one.

The standard scheme of rewarding the shepherd for example: at the beginning of the grazing season, the shepherd takes 100 heads to the general flock, 50 of which are ewes. He will take 200 rubles / head of monthly pasture. The expected offspring at the end of the season is 70 lambs. The shepherd will have to return 170 heads to the farmer. The figure "70" in this case is an arithmetic mean and may vary depending on the breed of sheep taken into the general flock and a number of other conditions. The offspring was 80 lambs, and the agreed commission of the shepherd and the farmer is 50% of the overweight of the offspring. Grazing was carried out for 5 months. In this situation, the shepherd will receive: (100 heads x 5 months x 200 rubles) + (80 lambs - 70 lambs) x 50% = 100,000 rubles + 5 lambs.

Note: a fixed amount of payment for grazing in excess of the surrendered livestock (read - "born lambs") is negotiated individually and additionally. As a rule, the shepherd will take the same money as for adults. As a rule, he will take grazing lambs born on grazing only for lambs belonging to the farmer. Those. in addition, the farmer will pay 200 rubles x 75 heads x number of months (arithmetic mean) during which the lambs grazed. I would approve 3 months. So, plus to 100 thousand rubles and 5 lambs the shepherd will "fall" another 45 000 rubles.

Lyrical digression: 100 heads is a very small flock for an experienced shepherd. He may have several such flocks. He will earn 145,000 rubles in 5 months and receive 5 lambs. This is a word about a dying village and unemployment ... Multiply this amount by at least 5 (other flocks). Guess what I mean, dear office employees? ...

Now about the risks:

As I said, the shepherd shares the farmer's risks. There are not many of them, his responsibility is not unlimited, but one way or another it is. Namely:

1) If the shepherd loses part of the livestock (diseases, predators), he compensates this part from his "bonus part". Lost ewes - you won't get two lambs from your bonus. Half of the flocks were slaughtered by wolves - he owes money to the farmer. In practice, this always looks much more complicated, it is a separate topic that touches on "non-statutory" and "over-contract" relations in the farming business. There are different situations, there are scandals, there are crime ...
2) Shepherd is a field veterinarian. He must return a healthy livestock to the farmer. He gives birth, heals sheep and rams. He is responsible for the health of the livestock accepted for grazing.

All of the above concerns the outsourced shepherd. There is another type of shepherd - "shepherd at the slaughter." There is a slight difference in their activities.

1) The shepherd from the slaughterhouse is engaged in pre-slaughter grazing and livestock maintenance.
2) He is not responsible for the health and nutritional status of the livestock.
3) As a rule, he receives a fixed amount of remuneration. Its bonus is from the bottom. He participates in making a profit from the sale of skins, liver, languages.
4) He can accept (buy at his own expense) lambs and rams for fattening autonomously from the suppliers of the abattoir and the leadership of the abattoir.

Well, in short, that's it. It is clear that if you blur on each of the points, then you can write a lot. I am a new person in the farming business, I don’t know much, but now there is enough information to write a small book. Live and learn. I would be grateful to the readers for interesting questions - I will try to answer, this will help to broaden the topic of the herd management manager ...

Yours sincerely,
Farmer Sabaneev (sheep breeder, hunter, "writer")

- (Turkic). Shepherd over sheep in South Russian. steppes. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov AN, 1910. CHABAN in Novoros. shepherd; to Maloros. foreman over the artel workers. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

SHEPHERD- Shepherd, peasant Khmelnitsky, West. 1565. Arch. VII, 2, 162. Pavel Chaban, peasant from Smolyansk. 1593. Arch. Sat. IV, 295. Vaska Cheban and Fyodor Cheban, Belaya Tserkov Cossacks. 1654. Yu. Z. A. X, 784. Shepherd, Zaporozhye Cossack. 1675. Yu. Z. A. XII, 228. ... ... Biographical Dictionary

Sheep, flock, shepherd Dictionary of Russian synonyms. shepherd noun, number of synonyms: 5 aerial camera (1) ... Synonym dictionary

CHABAN, ah, husband. Shepherd, advantage. grazing sheep. | adj. shepherd, oh, oh. Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Male, southern sheep shepherd, shepherd, ram operator. Chabany hook, staff. Shepherd, be a shepherd. | arkhan. about the ship: go home from the sea, to the harbor, camp. The rook is a shepherd, you know, she got sick! Mother rook chab chab shepherd! the guard boys shout at ... ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

shepherd- prikmetnik ... Spelling vocabulary of the Ukrainian language

shepherd- shepherd, b. shepherd (wrong shepherd) ... Dictionary of pronunciation and stress difficulties in modern Russian

SHEPHERD- Shepherd Shepherd among the peoples of the Caucasus and Central Asia ... Ethnographic Dictionary

shepherd- a shepherd, a shepherd of sheepfolds among the peoples of the Caucasus and Central Asia ... Encyclopedia "Peoples and Religions of the World"

This term has other meanings, see Shepherd (disambiguation). Moldavian shepherd ... Wikipedia

Books

• Theoretical mechanics. Volume 4. Dynamics. Analytical mechanics. Reshebnik. Study guide, I. V. Bogomaz, O. V. Vorotynova, E. A. Chaban. This tutorial is a continuation of a series of tutorials on the basics of deformable dynamics ...
• Metasubject results. Standardized materials for intermediate certification. 7th grade. A guide for the teacher. FSES, Marina Demidova, Lyudmila Ivanova, Milena Rozhdestvenskaya, Larisa Roslova, Elena Rutkovskaya, Lyubov Ryabinina, Tatiana Chaban. The manual is intended for the intermediate certification of students at the end of the academic year on the 7th ...
• Metasubject results Standardized materials for intermediate attestation Grade 8 Manual for the teacher, Kovaleva G., Ambartsumova E., Bogdanova N., Demidova M., Ivanova L., Mansurova S., Pentin A., Roslova L., Rutkovskaya E., Ryabinina L., Chaban T .. The manual is part of a set designed to be held at the end of the academic year ...

If we talk about the first shepherds, then the image of a hard working man under the burning sun or falling snow comes to mind, who tirelessly makes sure that his flock safely grazes on succulent pastures so that the sheep do not get sick, do not get overcooled, do not fall prey to banal thieves or were not exposed attacked by wolves .
Despite the constant control over the wolf population, there are numerous cases of wolves attacking sheepfolds or pastures in the Odessa region. Dogs play an important role in sheep management and protection. For many millennia, our four-legged friends have faithfully helped the shepherds in their difficult task. Trained shepherd dogs can turn a flock of sheep in the right direction or fight off gray predators. Dogs that do not hesitate to fight wolves or bears are especially respected by shepherds. Another shepherd's assistant is the horse, which helps to cover long distances quickly and makes it easier to manage very large flocks. Well, if you look for helpers of the shepherd among other animals, then you can unexpectedly run into brave pets, selflessly indulging in a complex craft! Like this one rabbit !

But seriously, stories about everyday lifeshepherds came to the Russian language from Romanian and Turkish, which confirms the fact that the word itself "shepherd" has Romanian roots. Today, sheep breeding is far from the most popular type of activity, which is why shepherds are less and less common. Today, a flock of 1000-1500 sheep is managed by 1 lichman (bookkeeper), 2 shepherds and 1 garbachiy (supply manager, housekeeper and cook). The latter is called the sakman among the Kirghiz.

Why is it a shepherd, and not, say, a shepherd? Firstly, because a shepherd can graze any artiodactyls (there may be rams, if complete with other livestock), and the shepherd - only sheep. Secondly, its distinctive professional title "sheep shepherds" received thanks to the specifics and special attributes, without which the shepherd would not have coped with his work. What are these objects? First, of course, the girlyga. Long stick with a hook at the end, which is convenient for grabbing sheep by the legs. The name of the stick, as you already understood, is Romanian. The rest of the items belong to the same language group. Gaitan- a belt, and a zaman - a pocket hanging on it. Jermela- tweezers, which the shepherds use to extract worms from the inflamed wounds of the sheep (if the disease or injury was not detected at an early stage). In order to help a sick sheep right on the spot, the shepherd has one more necessary item - tar horn, blue stone or special wound powder. And the last one is knife... We will not explain why it is needed, everything is clear here.

For those who spent their entire childhood in a village with a developed sheep breeding, the shepherd was a person respected and respected by all local residents. For many, relatives have worked as shepherds all their lives, who often took their children with them to pastures.

If we take "in general", then the shepherds in almost all Eurasian cultures and nomadic peoples are heroes of epics, legends and epics. The famous Soviet Kyrgyz writer Chingiz Aitmatov very often made the shepherd the main character in his stories. If we talk about recognition at the state level, then here the shepherds have something to be proud of. On October 9, 2007, Babu-Dorzho Mikhailov, a Buryat from the Chita region, became the first shepherd in Russia - the Hero of Russia. At one time, the Uzbek shepherd Dzhabai Balimanov became twice Hero of Socialist Labor in the USSR for super indicators: from every 100 queens, in 1957, he received 132 lamb and 170 lambs each in 1963; the output of karakul 1st grade in 1957 - 94%, in 1963 - 89.2%.

So there are reasons for the shepherd with the sheep to symbolize ethnographic village, more than enough. Bessarabia I have seen in my lifetime many shepherds whom every village knew and respected, and if sheep breeding continues to flourish, then young shepherds will come, who, having absorbed all the experience Bessarabia, will increase the authority of a glorious profession.