Faddey Faddeevich Bellingshausen - "a skillful officer and a man of a warm soul ..." Discovery of the icy continent. Bellingshausen and Lazarev: the discovery of Antarctica Bellingshausen years of life

See also in the Presidential Library:

Atlas to the journey of Captain Bellingshausen in the Southern Arctic Ocean and around the world in the continuation of 1819, 1829 and 1821: [drawings from nature / P. Mikhailov]. SPb., 1831;

Bellingshausen F. F. Double surveys in the Southern Arctic Ocean and voyage around the world in the course of 1819, 20 and 21, carried out on the sloops Vostok and Mirny under the command of Captain Bellingshausen, commander of the Sloop Vostok. The Mirny sloop was commanded by Lieutenant Lazarev. SPb., 1831. Part 1;

Bellingshausen F. F. Double surveys in the Southern Arctic Ocean and voyage around the world in the course of 1819, 20 and 21, carried out on the sloops Vostok and Mirny under the command of Captain Bellingshausen, commander of the Sloop Vostok. The Mirny sloop was commanded by Lieutenant Lazarev. SPb., 1831. Part 2;

Kruzenshtern I.F. Journey around the world in 1803, 4, 5 and 1806. on the ships "Nadezhda" and "Neva". Part 1. St. Petersburg, 1809;

Rally in honor of Russian captains Mikhail Lazarev and Thaddeus Bellingshausen on the Slava flotilla, 1951: [newsreel fragments / dir. editing by T. I. Dyakonov]. St. Petersburg, 2010;

Tarapygin F. A. Well-known Russian military figures: a brief biography of them. SPb., 1911.

Admiral F.F. Bellingshausen.

Outstanding navigator, discoverer Antarctica, Admiral of the Russian Imperial Fleet Faddey Faddeeevich Bellingshausen Ostsee German by origin. He was born on the island of Ezel (now Estonian Saarema) on September 9 (20), 1778 in a noble family; his real name - Fabian Gottlieb Thaddeus von Bellingshausen.

At the age of 11 Fabian Gottlieb Thaddeus who took a Russian name Thaddeus, enters the Naval Corps. His naval career was destined for him. He later spoke of himself as follows: “I was born in the sea; just as a fish cannot live without water, so I cannot live without the sea.”.

In 1795 Bellingshausen becomes a midshipman, the next year he makes a long voyage to the shores of England, and in 1797 he is promoted to midshipman and for several years serves on the ships of the squadron of the Baltic Fleet.

In 1803-1806 midshipman Bellingshausen I was lucky enough to participate in the first round-the-world voyage of Russian ships. On "Hope" he went around the globe and proved himself from the best side. “Our fleet, of course, is rich in enterprising and skillful officers, but of all of them, whom I know, no one, except Golovnin, can equal Bellingshausen”- this is how the captain described it "Hope" and expedition leader Ivan Fyodorovich Kruzenshtern. By the way, most of the cards included in "Atlas for a trip around the world of Captain Kruzenshtern", were made by the hand of the future discoverer of Antarctica.

The sloops "Neva" and "Nadezhda" during a round-the-world voyage. Artist S.V.Pen.

At the end of the swim Thaddeus Bellingshausen receives the rank of Lieutenant Commander. In 1809-1819 he commanded ships - first a corvette "Melpomene" in the Baltic, and then frigates "Minerva" And "Flora" on the Black Sea, takes part in the fighting off the Caucasian coast.

In 1819, the captain of the 2nd rank F.F. Bellingshausen appointed head of the round-the-world Antarctic expedition, which had purely scientific goals: to achieve "possible proximity to the Antarctic Pole" with the aim of "acquisition of the most complete knowledge of our globe". At the same time, participants in long-distance navigation were required to "every diligence and the greatest effort to reach as close as possible to the pole, looking for unknown lands".

And also “Bellingshausen was charged by the strong men of Freemasonry to find the island of Grande at the South Pole, where in a cave, in the middle of an unquenchable fire, there is the Book of Genesis, guarded by the spirits of darkness”. Do not laugh: this is not a quote from a tabloid newspaper, but from a solid 15-volume "History of the Russian army and navy" published on the eve of the First World War. And the author of the quoted chapter is the outstanding historian of the Russian fleet, Lieutenant Nikolai Kallistov(1883-1917). You just have to keep in mind that two centuries ago, ideas about the southern hemisphere were so vague that in the minds of even enlightened people, scientific knowledge easily coexisted with mysticism and all sorts of absurdities.

The Antarctic expedition included two - 985-ton "East" and 885-ton "Peaceful". The first of them commanded himself Bellingshausen, the second - a talented naval officer, Lieutenant Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev - in the future an admiral and one of the most prominent Russian naval commanders.

Admiral M.P. Lazarev.

move the first Russian Antarctic expedition, which lasted from June 1819 to August 1821, deserves a separate story. Here we list only its results: Russian sailors explored vast areas of the world's oceans, discovered the sixth continent - Antarctica, the islands of Shishkov, Mordvinov, Peter I - a total of 29 islands and 1 coral reef. For the first time, accurate surveys of the Tuamotu Archipelago were made, descriptions and maps were compiled, unique ethnographic, botanical and zoological collections were collected, and sketches of Antarctic species and rare representatives of the fauna were made.

Sloop "Vostok". Artist M. Semyonov.

Upon returning to Kronstadt Bellingshausen was promoted to captain of the 1st rank, and two months later - to captain-commander. Behind "immaculate seniority in officer ranks of 18 six-month naval campaigns" he became a Knight of the Order of St. George IV degree. He wrote a book about the course of the unprecedented expedition and its results. "Two-time surveys in the Southern Arctic Ocean and sailing around the world in the course of 1819, 1820 and 1821". True, it was published only in 1831 - 10 years after the completion of the voyage.

F. Bellingshausen's book "Double surveys in the Southern Arctic Ocean and sailing around the world ..." with applications.

All later career Bellingshausen- numerous voyages, military service, participation in hostilities. In the years 1822-1825, he occupied coastal posts, but after being promoted to rear admiral, for the next two years he commanded a detachment of ships in the Mediterranean. In 1828, as the commander of the Guards crew, he, along with his subordinates, traveled by land from St. Petersburg to the Danube and participated in the war with Turkey. On the Black Sea, he leads the siege of Varna and other Turkish fortresses, for which he is awarded the Order of St. Anna, I degree.

In December 1830 Bellingshausen becomes vice admiral and is appointed head of the 2nd division of the Baltic Fleet, annually sails with her in the Baltic. In 1839, he occupied the highest military post - he was appointed the chief commander of the Kronstadt port and the military governor of Kronstadt. Every year from spring to autumn, he is also the commander of the Baltic Fleet. In 1843 he was promoted to full admiral, and in 1846 he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir I degree.

Monument to F.F. Bellingshausen in Kronstadt.

Admiral M.P. Lazarev subsequently recalled Bellingshausen as "skilled, fearless sailor", which at the same time was "warm soul man". Faddey Faddeyevich possessed rare qualities for his time: a broad outlook, a high cultural level, a humane attitude towards the lower ranks. He became the founder of the Kronstadt Maritime Library, one of the largest in Russia. In the same Kronstadt, he significantly improved the living conditions of ship crews, was engaged in the construction of barracks and hospitals, landscaping the city, and achieved an increase in meat rations for sailors. According to maritime historian E.E. Shvede, after the death of the admiral, a note was found on his desk with the following content: “Kronstadt should be planted with such trees that would bloom before the fleet goes to sea, so that the sailor gets a particle of the summer tree smell”.

BELLINGSHAUSEN, FADDEY FADDEEVICH(1778-1852), Russian naval figure, navigator, admiral (1843), discoverer of Antarctica.

Born on the island of Ezel (now - the island of Saaremaa, Estonia) on September 9, 1778 in a family of Baltic nobles. Since childhood, he dreamed of becoming a sailor, writing about himself: “I was born in the middle of the sea; just as a fish cannot live without water, so I cannot live without the sea.”

In 1789 he entered the Kronstadt Naval Cadet Corps. He became a midshipman and in 1796 sailed to the coast of England. He successfully sailed around the Baltic on the ships of the Revel squadron, in 1797 he was promoted to midshipman (first officer rank). The love for science was noticed by the commander of the Kronstadt port, who recommended Bellingshausen to I.F. Kruzenshtern.

In 1803-1806, Bellingshausen served on the ship "Nadezhda", which participated in the expedition of Krusenstern and Yu.F. Lisyansky, which made the first Russian circumnavigation. During this journey, he compiled and executed graphically almost all the maps included in Atlas for a trip around the world by Captain I.F. Kruzenshtern.

In 1810-1819 he commanded a corvette and a frigate in the Baltic and Black Seas, where he also carried out cartographic and astronomical research.

When preparing a new round-the-world expedition, Kruzenshtern recommended Bellingshausen, who had already become a captain of the 2nd rank, as its leader: “Our fleet, of course, is rich in enterprising and skillful officers, but of all of them, whom I know, no one, except Golovnin, can equal him." At the beginning of 1819, Bellingshausen was appointed "leader of an expedition to search for the sixth continent," organized with the approval of Alexander I.

In June 1819, the sloops Vostok under the command of Bellingshausen and Mirny under the command of a young naval lieutenant MP Lazarev left Kronstadt. On November 2, the expedition arrived in Rio de Janeiro. From there, Bellingshausen headed south. Rounding the southwestern coast of the island of New Georgia, discovered by Cook (about 56 degrees south latitude), he examined the southern Sandwich Islands. On January 16, 1820, the ships of Bellingshausen and Lazarev approached an unknown "floe continent" in the area of ​​the Princess Martha Coast. This day marks the discovery of Antarctica. Three more times this summer, the expedition explored the coastal shelf of the open sixth continent, crossing the Antarctic Circle several times. In early February 1820, the ships approached the Princess Astrid Coast, but due to snowy weather they could not see it well.

In March 1820, when navigation off the coast of the mainland became impossible due to the accumulation of ice, both ships headed for Australia in different ways and met at the port of Jackson (now Sydney). From it they went to the Pacific Ocean, where 29 islands were discovered in the Tuamotu archipelago, which were named after prominent Russian military and statesmen.

In September 1820, Bellingshausen returned to Sydney, from where he again went to explore Antarctica in the Western Hemisphere.

In January 1823 he discovered the island of Peter I and the coast, named the Coast of Alexander I. Further, the expedition reached the group of the South Shetland Islands, where a new group of islands was discovered and explored, named after the major battles of the Patriotic War of 1812 (Borodino, Smolensk, etc.), as well as the names of prominent naval figures of Russia. At the end of July 1821, the expedition returned to Kronstadt, having traveled 50,000 miles in two years and carried out extensive hydrographic and climatic studies. She brought valuable botanical, zoological and ethnographic collections with her. The success of the expedition was largely determined by the outstanding personality of the travel leader. He brilliantly owned a pen and vividly described in his diary both his scientific discoveries and the customs of the peoples he met. His book "Double surveys in the Southern Arctic Ocean and sailing around the world in the course of 1819-1821, carried out on the sloops Vostok and Mirny" awakened in many future explorers of Antarctica a passion for travel.

Bellingshausen's expedition is considered one of the most difficult to this day: the famous Cook, who was the first to reach the south polar ice in the 70s of the 18th century, having encountered them, even considered that it was impossible to move further. Almost half a century after Cook's expedition, Bellingshausen proved the inaccuracy of his statement and went to Antarctica on two small sailing ships not adapted for navigation in ice.

After the expedition, Bellingshausen was awarded the rank of Rear Admiral. For two years he commanded a naval crew, for three years he held staff positions, and in 1826 he led a flotilla in the Mediterranean. Participating in the Turkish campaign of 1828-1829, he was among those who besieged and took the fortress of Varna from the sea. After commanding a division of the Baltic Fleet. In 1839 he was appointed military governor of Kronstadt, chief commander of the port of Kronstadt. In this position, he did a lot for the port, founded the maritime library, and by the end of his life he rose to the Order of Vladimir I degree and the rank of admiral. In personal communication he was friendly, in extreme situations he was cold-blooded. He married late but had four daughters

On May 11, 1852, he died and was buried in Kronstadt, in 1870 a monument was erected to him there. A sea and an island in the Pacific Ocean, a cape on Sakhalin Island, an island in the Atlantic Ocean, an Antarctic ice shelf are named after Bellingshausen, as well as Cape Fidles (62 ° 12 "S, 58 °56" W) is a scientific station in the South Shetland Islands. It was the first Soviet station off the coast of West Antarctica.

Compositions: Bellingshausen F.F. Two-time surveys in the Southern Arctic Ocean and sailing around the world in the continuation of 1819, 20 and 21, committed on the sloops "Vostok" and "Mirny". Ed. 3rd. M., 1960.

Lev Pushkarev, Natalya Pushkareva

Bellingshausen Faddey Faddeevich (1778-1852), Russian naval figure, navigator, admiral (1843), discoverer of Antarctica.

Born on the island of Ezel (now - the island of Saaremaa, Estonia) on September 9, 1778 in a family of Baltic nobles. Since childhood, he dreamed of becoming a sailor, writing about himself: “I was born in the middle of the sea; just as a fish cannot live without water, so I cannot live without the sea.”

I was born in the sea; just as a fish cannot live without water, so I cannot live without the sea.

Bellingshausen Faddey Faddeevich

In 1789 he entered the Kronstadt Naval Cadet Corps. He became a midshipman and in 1796 sailed to the coast of England. He successfully sailed around the Baltic on the ships of the Revel squadron, in 1797 he was promoted to midshipman (first officer rank). Love for the sciences was noticed by the commander of the Kronstadt port, who recommended Bellingshausen to I.F. Kruzenshtern.

In 1803-1806, Bellingshausen served on the ship "Nadezhda", which participated in the expedition of Kruzenshtern and Yu.F. Lisyansky, which made the first Russian circumnavigation. On this journey, he compiled and graphically executed almost all the maps included in the Atlas for the journey around the world of Captain I.F. Kruzenshtern.

In 1810-1819 he commanded a corvette and a frigate in the Baltic and Black Seas, where he also carried out cartographic and astronomical research.

When preparing a new round-the-world expedition, Kruzenshtern recommended Bellingshausen, who had already become a captain of the 2nd rank, as its leader: “Our fleet, of course, is rich in enterprising and skillful officers, but of all of them, whom I know, no one, except Golovnin, can equal him." At the beginning of 1819, Bellingshausen was appointed "leader of an expedition to search for the sixth continent," organized with the approval of Alexander I.

In June 1819, the sloops Vostok under the command of Bellingshausen and Mirny under the command of a young naval lieutenant MP Lazarev left Kronstadt. On November 2, the expedition arrived in Rio de Janeiro. From there, Bellingshausen headed south. Rounding the southwestern coast of the island of New Georgia, discovered by Cook (about 56 degrees south latitude), he examined the southern Sandwich Islands. On January 16, 1820, the ships of Bellingshausen and Lazarev approached an unknown "floe continent" in the area of ​​the Princess Martha Coast. This day marks the discovery of Antarctica. Three more times this summer, the expedition explored the coastal shelf of the open sixth continent, crossing the Antarctic Circle several times. In early February 1820, the ships approached the Princess Astrid Coast, but due to snowy weather they could not see it well.

In March 1820, when navigation off the coast of the mainland became impossible due to the accumulation of ice, both ships headed for Australia in different ways and met at the port of Jackson (now Sydney). From it they went to the Pacific Ocean, where 29 islands were discovered in the Tuamotu archipelago, which were named after prominent Russian military and statesmen.