Presentation "Chudskoe Lake". Presentation on the Battle of Lake Peipus (Grade 4) Presentation on Lake Peipus

Lake Peipus Lake Peipsi is a large freshwater lake, it is the northern component of the so-called Chudsko-Pskov lake complex. The northern and western banks belong to the Republic of Estonia, the eastern - to the Russian Federation (the Pskov region and a small area at the source of the Narva River belongs to the Slantsevsky district of the Leningrad region). From the side of the Republic of Estonia, the lake is bordered from north to south by the Ida-Viru County, Jygeva County and Tartu County (Maakonda). In the middle of the lake is the border between Russia and Estonia. Previously, it was an inland reservoir of the USSR, and before that - the Russian Empire, when the borders of the Pskov, St. Petersburg, Livonia and Estland provinces came to its shores. The territories adjacent to the lake are called the Peipus.

The geography of Lake Peipus Lake is the third largest in Europe (after Ladoga and Onega, located entirely within Russia). Its area is 2670 km². Together with Lakes Tyoply and Pskov, the area is about 3550 km². The area of ​​the mirror fluctuates depending on changes in the water level.

Hydrography of the lake The length of the lake is about 96 km, width - up to 50 km, average depth - 7.5 meters, maximum - 16.6 meters. More than 30 rivers and streams flow into the lake, fed by snow, rain and spring. Only one border river Narva flows out. The salinity of the water is 0 ppm. The lake is rich in plankton, and therefore fish. The following types of commercial fish are found in it: bream, perch, pike perch, pike, burbot, roach. In total, there are 37 species of fish and 9 species of amphibians.

Coastline The coastline is generally flat, but winding in the southwest, south, and southeast, with bays, spits and islands. The western coast is low-lying, in some places very swampy, subject to spring flooding; the eastern (Russian) coast is more elevated, although swampy areas are interspersed with sand dunes and hills. In the south, Lake Peipsi is connected to Pskov Lake through the intermediate Warm Lake. Shallow water stretches along the coast for 200-300 meters.

The lake attracts vacationers in summer, in winter it is completely covered with a thick layer of ice. Winds from the south, west and southwest directions prevail over the lake. Due to the relative shallowness of the lake, in windy weather, steep waves quickly rise on it, and therefore swimmers should not move away from the shore. The lake attracts vacationers in summer, in winter it is completely covered with a thick layer of ice. Winds from the south, west and southwest directions prevail over the lake. Due to the relative shallowness of the lake, in windy weather, steep waves quickly rise on it, and therefore swimmers should not move away from the shore.

Settlements On the hills above the lake are agricultural lands and villages. The largest city on the Russian coast is Gdov; on the Estonian coast, the villages of Kallaste and Mustvee stand out. The beauty of the landscapes of Lake Peipus has long attracted the attention of poets, writers and artists of Russia and Estonia.

Facts from history On the ice of Lake Peipus on April 5, 1242, the famous battle of the Russian army of the young prince Alexander Nevsky against the troops of the Livonian Order took place. Due to the variability of the hydrography of Lake Peipsi, historians for a long time could not accurately determine the place where the famous Battle on the Ice took place, in which Russian knights stopped the Livonian Order in a battle on ice. Only thanks to long-term research carried out by the expedition of the Institute of Archeology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the place of the battle was established.

The work can be used for lessons and reports on the subject "Geography"

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There are 10 presentations in total in the topic

slide 1

Battle on Lake Peipus Battle on the Ice

Completed by: student of the 4th "E" class of secondary school No. 337 Vorontsova Daria Supervisor: Barantseva O.I.

St. Petersburg 2011

GOU SOSH №337 NEVSKY DISTRICT ST. PETERSBURG

Presentation on the world around on the topic: (program XXI century grade 4)

slide 2

talk about the battle of Russian soldiers on Lake Peipus; reveal the essence of the military talent of Alexander Nevsky; explain why Alexander Nevsky became a national hero; to cultivate respect for the traditions and heroic deeds of the past of their country

slide 3

Alexander Nevskiy. Brief biography Born in the family of Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich and Princess Feodosia, daughter of Prince Mstislav Udatny (Udaly). Grandson of Vsevolod the Big Nest. The first information about Alexander refers to 1228. After the death of Fedor, Alexander becomes the eldest son of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. In 1236 he was appointed to the reign of Novgorod, and in 1239 he married the Polotsk princess Alexandra Bryachislavna. In the first years of his reign, he had to deal with the fortification of Novgorod, since the Mongols-Tatars threatened from the east.

slide 4

Battle on the Ice - the battle on Lake Peipus in 1242 In July 1240, 100 Swedish ships with a landing force moored at the mouth of the Neva. Novgorod prince Alexander Yaroslavich with his retinue and militias suddenly attacked the camp of the Swedes. The 5,000-strong camp of the Swedes was defeated. For this brilliant victory, the people named the 20-year-old commander Alexander Nevsky.

In the autumn of the same year, the knights of the German Levonian Order began their offensive. The German knights took advantage of the diversion of the Russian troops to fight the Swedes. They captured Izborsk, Pskov and began to move towards Novgorod.

slide 5

Battle on Lake Peipus in 1242 The Battle on Lake Peipsi, which went down in history under the name "Battle on the Ice", began on the morning (5) of April 1242. At sunrise, noticing a small detachment of Russian shooters, the knightly "pig" rushed at him.

slide 6

The riflemen took the brunt of the "iron regiment" and, with courageous resistance, noticeably upset its advance. Still, the knights managed to break through the defensive orders of the Russian "chela". A fierce hand-to-hand fight ensued. And at its very height, when the "pig" was completely involved in the battle, at the signal of Alexander Nevsky, the regiments of the left and right hands hit its flanks with all their might.

Slide 7

Not expecting the appearance of such Russian reinforcements, the knights were confused and began to gradually retreat. And soon this retreat took on the character of a disorderly flight. Then suddenly, from behind a shelter, a cavalry ambush regiment rushed into battle. The Livonian troops suffered a crushing defeat.

Slide 8

The order of battle formation of the German knights Usually the battle formation of the German knights is called the "pig". In German, it sounds like "Schweinkopf", and in Latin - "caput porci", which means "pig's head". It was a battle formation in the form of a column with a wedge in front.

The battle order of the Russian army

The traditional formation of regiments in Rus' during this period was three-part, that is, the battle order consisted of a large regiment in the center and regiments of the right and left hands.

Slide 9

Slide 10

The battle on the ice has gone down in history as a remarkable example of military tactics and strategy.

slide 11

Significance of the Battle on the Ice - the battle on Lake Peipus The significance of the victory of Russian troops under the leadership of Prince Alexander Nevsky over the German "knight dogs" was truly historical. The Order asked for peace. Peace was concluded on terms dictated by the Russians.

slide 12

Order ambassadors solemnly renounced all encroachments on Russian lands, which were temporarily captured by the order. The movement of Western invaders to Rus' was stopped. The western borders of Rus', established after the Battle of the Ice, held out for centuries.

slide 13

Skillful formation of a battle order, a clear organization of the interaction of its individual parts, especially infantry and cavalry, constant reconnaissance and taking into account the weaknesses of the enemy in organizing battles, the right choice of place and time, good organization of tactical pursuit, the destruction of most of the superior enemy - all this determined the Russian military art as the foremost in the world.

Lake Peipsi is the fourth largest lake in Europe and the largest interstate lake in Europe. It occupies 3555 sq. km. Lake Peipus is a shallow lake with an average depth of 7 m and a maximum depth of 15 m. Up to a million birds such as geese, swans and ducks use it as a resting place every year. About 30 rivers flow into the lake. The lake is important for fisheries and health. Lake Peipsi is the most attractive lake in Europe for commercial fishing. In terms of abundance of fish, the lake is one of the richest reservoirs in Europe.

Geography Grade 8

"Geography of Russia Grade 8" - Part 1 Grade 8 Nature. Maps and maps. reflecting the PERSON-ORIENTED NATURE OF LEARNING. Drawings. Regions. Priority of ideological positions, accessibility, learning motivation, value, activity, communication. Section III. Statistical chart charts table. textbook text. Types of illustrations. Basic 90%. What is the relationship between the concepts of "natural complex" and "natural zone"? Features of the textbook.

"The geographical position of Russia" - the Baltic Sea. Mathematico-geographical position. Russia is washed by the waters of three oceans. Geography lesson In the 8th grade. Black Sea. White Sea. Barencevo sea. Ural mountains. Physical and geographical position. Extreme points of Russia. Russia is the largest state in the world. Historical and geographical position. Geographical position.

"Natural zones of Russia Grade 8" - What is PTK? Regions of altitudinal zonation. Climate change with latitude. From the foot of the mountains to the peaks, the PTC changes. What are the components of PTK? The ratio of heat and moisture plays a leading role in the formation of natural zones. They are located in the northernmost part of our country. Semi-deserts and deserts. Forest zone.

"Western Siberia Grade 8" - Plan: Western Siberia. Typical tundra flora: mosses, lichens, berries, mushrooms. 1 - spruce; 2 - fir; 3 - larch; 4 - juniper; 5 - blueberries; 6 - sour. Taiga animals. Oil and gas reserves of world importance. Animals of the Arctic deserts. Rivers of Western Siberia. A very valuable fur animal. Sable. 1 - polar owl; 2 - reindeer; 3 - lemming; 4 - arctic fox. Climate. 60% of the total peat reserves of Russia are concentrated. Steppe animals.

"Sakhalin Island" - Actinidia. The Kuriles separate the Sea of ​​Okhotsk from the Pacific Ocean. Sakhalin was the largest penal servitude in Russia. On the slope of the hills - bamboo thickets. Fruits of Actinidia. Wolverine. On the coastal rocks there are bird colonies of guillemots, puffins, cormorants. Musk deer. Oak. Nivkhs. As a result of Russia's defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05. Sea lion. Relief. Climate.

"Belts of Russia" - Cowberry. Bluegrass. Cereals. Ash. Oak. Taiga forest. Representatives of the flora of the taiga. Forest-tundra landscape. Other representatives of the flora of the taiga. Juzgun. Black spruce. The taiga is located in the northern subarctic humid geographic zone. Honeysuckle. A vast part of the territory of the temperate zone is occupied by taiga. Representatives of the flora of the steppes. Mixed forest. Dwarf birch. Representatives of the flora of the forest-steppes.