Sokolov S. Social conflictology - file n1.doc

Sokolov Arkady Vasilievich (February 10, 1934) - Soviet and Russian scientist, specialist in the field of library science, bibliography, computer science, and the theory of social communications. Professor of the Department of Information Management and Multimedia Systems, St. Petersburg State University of Culture and Arts.

Candidate of Technical Sciences, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor. Member of ISKO (International Society for the Organization of Knowledge). In 1989-1993 - President of the St. Petersburg Library Society.

He made a significant contribution to the development of information retrieval languages ​​of a descriptor type, semiotic problems of relevance. Substantiated the concept of social informatics. Head of the St. Petersburg School of Semantic Informatics.

Graduated from the Leningrad Military Mechanical Institute, the North-Western Correspondence Polytechnic Institute, postgraduate studies at Leningrad State Institute of Cinematography.

In 1958-1961, he was a design engineer at the Kirov Plant. In 1961-1967 - head of the laboratory of the department of scientific and technical information of the All-Russian Research Institute of Radio Electronics, at the same time taught at the Leningrad State Institute of Cinematography.

In 1967 he defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic "Experimental studies of information loss and information noise in information retrieval systems" at the VINITI Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In 1978 he defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic “Automation of Bibliographic Search in the USSR. History, current state, development prospects” in the State Library of the USSR. IN AND. Lenin.

In 1967-1984 he headed the first department of informatics in the system of national library education at the Leningrad State Institute of Cinematography. N.K. Krupskaya in 1987-1991 - Department of Branch Bibliography.

In 1992-1995 he was a senior researcher at the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In 1995-2009 - Professor of the Department of Social and Cultural Activities of St. Petersburg State Unitary Enterprise. Since 2009 - professor at St. Petersburg State University of Culture and Arts.

Since 1990, he has been teaching at various universities the courses he developed on Theory and History of Socio-Cultural Activities, Social Communications, Communication Needs, and Introduction to the Theory of Social Communication.

Books (3)

Introduction and theory of social communication

The book by a prominent Russian scientist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, full member of the International Academy of Informatization, professor of St. Petersburg State Unitary Enterprise outlines the foundations of the theory of social communication.

For the first time in domestic literature, social communication, communication activities, and the social communication system are diversified. In the analysis of social communication, the theoretical tools of philosophy, sociology, psychology, informatics, cultural studies are used.

Information society in virtual and social reality

The information society is not a social fact, but an assumption about the possible state of the future world community.

The origin and development of the idea of ​​the information society in Russia and abroad, the technical prerequisites and state programs for its construction are traced. The technocratic and humanistic concepts of the information society are analyzed. The essence of the information society in virtual and social reality is revealed.

The trends in the formation of the global information society and the prospects for the socialization of the idea of ​​the information society in Russia in the 21st century are considered.

General Theory of Social Communication

The textbook presents a general theory containing general patterns, similarities and differences between different types, levels and forms of social communication.

Based on the understanding of social communication as a movement of meanings in social space and time, personal and social communication needs, communication activities and communication, social memory, communication channels, a typology of social communication institutions, the evolution of social communication from the Stone Age to 2000 are considered.

Particular attention is paid to the informational approach to social communication (social informatics) and the semiotics of social communications. The system of social and communication sciences is presented, the center of which is the metatheory of social communication.

Social informatics as a scientific discipline involves the study and analysis of the processes of transformation of social relations and social institutions under the influence of the development of information and communication technologies. In order to present these processes in historical development, it is necessary to define the basic concept or object of consideration. It seems to us logical to use the concept of "Public communication system" for these purposes.

concept public communication system and the related concept of the evolution of culture and social communications, proposed by prof. A.V. Sokolov. This concept is of interest and we have taken it as a basis, because is based on an institutional approach to the analysis of social and communication processes and relies on a large amount of factual material.

The concept of a public communication system

In his work "The General Theory of Social Communication" A.V. Sokolov offers the following definition of a public communication system: “A public communication system (PSS) is a structured (ordered in a certain way) set of communicants, recipients, semantic messages, communication channels and services that have material and technical resources and professional personnel” 1 .

culture, according to A.V. Sokolov, is a combination of reified and non-reified cultural, i.e. artificial social meanings, and the GCS is a part of a reified culture that ensures the movement of cultural meanings in social space and time. Thus, the CCS as a whole and its elements are a materialized communication culture in various historical epochs. The evolution of culture and social communications are not just interconnected, they coincide with each other, since communication is an organic part of the culture of mankind - therefore, the stages of development of social communications coincide with the stages of the history of culture.

The following relationships are found between the stages of culture and types of social communication:

• - archeoculture(sphere of microcommunication);
• - paleoculture(along with microcommunication, midicommunications appear: religious, literary, artistic, material and industrial);
• - neoculture(Massovization and development of macrocommunication: emergence of technical means of mass communication, international cultural cooperation and information wars, globalization of communication systems).

In the concept of A.V. Sokolov, there are three levels of communication culture: literature, books, multimedia.

Literature - such a level of communication culture, when all cultural meanings are transmitted in social space and time through oral communication.

bookishness- such a state of culture, when the main cultural meanings are transmitted through documentary communication. The bookishness includes three generations: handwritten, manufactory and industrial bookishness.

multimedia is achieved when the main cultural meanings are transmitted through electronic communication.

Table 4.1 summarizes the chronology of the development of public communication systems and the corresponding levels of communication culture, proposed by A.V. Sokolov.

An important element of this concept is the principle of succession of communication channels. A person inherited from his ancestors-iral people two channels of oral communication - non-verbal (communication using gestures, music, Ghanaian) and verbal (human speech). During the Upper Paleolithic period (40-15 thousand years ago), these channels were joined by artificial channels - iconic (painting) and symbolic (sculpture and the first buildings) channels. Thus, in the Stone Age, at the stage of archeoculture, four initial channels arose. In the depths of these channels, in the form of primitive art, artistic channels were formed that cannot be isolated: music and dance are merged with a non-verbal channel; poetry and rhetoric are products of the verbal channel; painting grew out of iconic graphics, and sculpture - from amulets, talismans and other material symbols.

The successive change of communication systems does not occur spontaneously, but due to the crisis of communication channels, which consists in the fact that these channels cease to satisfy social communication needs. The resolution of the crisis is achieved by bifurcation (separation) of overloaded channels.

Table 4.1. Chronology of public communication systems in Western Europe and the Middle East (according to A. V. Sokolov)

It should be noted that in the concept of A.V. Sokolov, the term "bifurcation" is used as a bifurcation, branching, division of something into two parts. Just as in geography a bifurcation is called the division of a river into two channels, which do not merge in the future. In this case, the original channel does not disappear, but is preserved.

In table. 4.1 shows four bifurcations that occurred at the junction of archeoculture and paleoculture (3rd millennium BC); at the junction of paleo culture and manufactory neo-culture (mid-15th century); on the transition from manufacturing to industrial neoculture (the beginning of the 19th century) and, finally, in our time - the transition from neoculture to post-neoculture (the end of the 20th century). Bifurcation points are the boundaries between different OCSs. At the same time, it is emphasized that in historical time a "point" is not an instantaneous change, but a rather long period, so the bifurcation must be understood as a transitional period between different social communication systems.

It turns out that bifurcation I brought to life two new communication channels - writing and literary language; bifurcation II - the invention of printing and the great geographical discoveries that made the use of travel as a new communication channel quite widespread; bifurcation III - the industrial revolution, which led to the emergence of primary technical channels, including machine printing, telephone and radio; bifurcation IV- the scientific and technological revolution of the 20th century, which brought to life electronic communication - television and computer telecommunications.

If we take four initial channels as a starting point, then moving along the chronological scale, we find a progression of growth: 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, which is a classical arithmetic

progression. A.V. Sokolov suggested that in the course of the civilizational process, communication channels increase in arithmetic progression with base 2. At the same time, the material costs of society for providing communications (technical means, capital investments, human resources) increase not in arithmetic, but in geometric progression, and, accordingly , in the post-neocultural information society will absorb the lion's share of the national budget.

Let us present in a generalized form the chronology of the development of social communication systems, as well as the corresponding levels of culture and communication channels 1 .

About the Success Constructor project

How to find your place in life, do what is easy and brings happiness? To do this, you need to correctly apply the knowledge that the university and life itself gave. In the Success Builder project, we talk about graduates of the Higher School of Economics who have realized themselves in an interesting business or an unexpected profession. The heroes share their experience - they tell what bumps they stuffed and how they used the chances given to them.

Despite the fact that in the media now the word loses to the visual image, people who know how to handle words are still in demand. In the Success Constructor column, Pavel Sokolov, a graduate and editor-in-chief of the Eksmo publishing house portal, told how to combine a manager and a playwright, what is happening with books now, and what is the duty of a Russian intellectual.

How did your relationship with the text begin?

Books have always surrounded me, because my parents willingly bought and collected them, and I loved to read. But I do not want to retell my biography. Let me tell you about one bright episode from my childhood. In the fifth grade, I became seriously ill, stayed at home for a long time and found an old high school history textbook. In one evening I read it in its entirety, the impression was colossal.

What was the reason for entering the "Journalism"?

Probably a case. Before entering HSE, I took part in “Clever Girls and Smart Men” and I was given a privilege in the selection process at MGIMO, but I went to HSE anyway. Entered the multidisciplinary Olympiad. It was 2006, it seemed to me that this was a promising and tempting university with very reputable teachers - these were,. In general - the color of domestic literature. And in the bachelor's degree, thanks to us, a literary circle has developed - it's curious if it exists now?

copies — how much paper circulation of books in Eksmo increased in 2017

Source: Eksmo

The marketing that is not conspicuous is good, and we try to strike a balance between quality content and business interests.

Unfortunately, self-realization along with very good money in the field of journalism are almost isolated cases these days. Most of my classmates and classmates do not work in the media, alas. They are doing something related to PR and digital. Someone went into business, someone emigrated. But judging by their Facebook posts, they are doing well.

Tell us how you got to the Eksmo publishing house?

When I worked at Harvard Business Review-Russia, I started lecturing in literature in parallel and was looking for ways of creative realization along with the professional one. The opportunity to work in the largest publishing house in the country as the chief editor of the site seemed to me an extremely interesting offer. I sent my resume to Eksmo, and when I was invited for an interview, I was convinced that they would give me great creative freedom there. There I was attracted by the opportunity to grow, to create something interesting. And the successful relaunch of the site, which took place recently, only proved this. A kind of confirmation was the first place we won this year in the "Rating of Runet" in the category "Mass media, publishing houses".

The site was divided into a corporate part and "Eksmo Magazine", in the latter we cover various topics - we interview writers, translators and editors, we write about cinema and mass culture in general. And visually it has become better.

In summary: is there more creativity in your work than management? You have excellent, for example, interviews.

For the most part, this is management, and in most cases I shifted the creative work to colleagues, but sometimes I do something myself. For example, an interview with the famous domestic Japanologist Alexander Meshcheryakov. In this case, I was "in the know", and we had something to talk about.

In general, I have developed three areas of work: the chief editor of the site, the popularizer of literature and the author of literary texts. They intersect somewhere .

Is the marketing department stepping on your throat? I always worry about how these two hypostases coexist in an interesting work.

Marketing that is not conspicuous is good, and we try to strike a balance between quality content and business interests in order to correctly present this or that book. For example, the reviews of Galina Yuzefovich you mentioned are also marketing.

There is a paradox: with almost complete lack of freedom in modern domestic media (look what is happening now in the editorial office of the Russian Forbes, where I worked five years ago), there is quite a wide freedom in literary creativity. This applies to prose, not to mention poetry, which has been brilliant in recent decades, but I generally keep quiet about dramaturgy - go to the performances of Theater.doc, where total liberation reigns. I'm talking primarily about texts. You can see for yourself what is happening with the theater. And what turns the Seventh Studio case took.

At the same time - full accessibility of the work of various writers and playwrights on the Internet. A novice author uploads his poems or prose and here he already relies on his own penetrating ability - whether a community is formed around you or not. In this case, social networks have become a rather serious tool for forming a reading audience. Look at the number of followers of Boris Akunin, Tatyana Tolstaya and other opinion leaders on Facebook, these people have already turned into full-fledged media in their own right.

Is there a crisis in the printed word now? "Eksmo" has not reduced the release of books?

The number of e-books, audiobooks is growing, and against all odds, paper circulation is growing. The book is modified and adjusted, among other things, to the needs of certain readers. On the way to work, for example, I listen to an audiobook or a lecture, in transport I read a traditional book or an electronic book with my eyes. Again: a beautiful book, printed on good paper and with a beautiful cover, is a pleasure to flip through. I myself collect used books: volumes of the publishing house "Academia" (the one that was destroyed in 1937) and books published in the scientific series "Literary Monuments" in the Soviet era.

Lectures have become a fairly noticeable part of your life - for example, in the library. Nekrasov, you spoke about Japanese literature. How did it all start?

The year began like this in 2012 with lectures at Ziferblat, where there was both a wonderful space and a rather intelligent audience. Then there were Punktum, Gutenberg Smoking Room and, finally, Nekrasovka.

Why Japanese Literature? Oh yes, the year of Japan.

Not only. I do not encroach on the territory of professional Japanologists, but act as a popularizer of the literature of our Far Eastern neighbors. As for my interest in Japan, I fell in love with it in my undergraduate studies, and I also like Chinese literature of the 20th century. There have always been incomparably more books by Japanese authors than Chinese ones, if we talk about modern writers, and it has been proven by experience: more people go to Japanese literature, although the experience of the Celestial Empire in the second half of the last century is closer to us historically.

I also lectured on Russian, American and British literature of the 20th century. One of the most interesting topics is modern dramaturgy. To write good plays, you also need to read good plays, which is not difficult, because anthologies of modern drama come out with enviable regularity. Yes, and modern authors are quite actively published both on the net and on paper, let's take the same Vyrypaev. But there are not so many educational lectures on this topic.

When did you first try your hand at being a playwright?

I can’t call myself an actively writing playwright – I don’t make money from plays and I don’t aspire to do so. I am a desk writer. I show the work to just a few people whose opinion is important to me, then I send it to competitions, if nothing happens - well, okay. I'm moving on.

When I was finishing my bachelor's degree, I was told that there was an All-Russian seminar for playwrights. I then participated in the life of a literary circle, it seemed to me a strange thing to write plays, but it went surprisingly easily. In 2016, I got an intensive course at the Creative Writing School with the famous Russian playwright Mikhail Ugarov, and Mikhail Yuryevich liked my play. I started working on my last serious thing while still studying with him and received a lot of valuable advice - in early June, the play "Philo's Wake" was staged at the Chelyabinsk Drama Theater as part of the All-Russian Competition of Playwrights "Author's Stage". She also entered the long lists of Eurasia and Remarque, and even won a prize at the Badenweiler International Drama Competition.

Photo: Mikhail Dmitriev, Higher School of Economics

If we talk about the "Author's Stage", participation in the festival is a very nervous experience, besides, the play is based on real events, and the topics raised in it are rather problematic. And from the experience of showing in Chelyabinsk, I realized that modern plays really excite people - the performance went on for an hour, and after that there were two hours of discussion, and sometimes in a raised voice, but thanks to Alexei Slapovsky - he moderated the discussion perfectly. And yes, he supported me in every possible way.

I write one play a year, rarely two. As well as a few notes and essays, a couple of stories. I write by hand, then I only type, so I work slowly. And, of course, I keep a diary.

At the moment, do you consider yourself realized professionally and creatively?

There is a common contradiction: when the goal is money, creativity automatically dies. I try to keep a balance. In this regard, I really like the Eastern concept: a person in the same ancient China could be an official, but nothing prevented him from writing poetry and doing philosophy, moreover, it was useful both for him and for the country. I understand that I can do good by sitting on different chairs at the same time. Marietta Chudakova, with whom I worked at Harvard Business Review-Russia, once said that the duty of a Russian intellectual is to educate people. And I fully agree with this statement. First of all, I associate myself with my country and the Russian language.

Focus on eternity?

I don't get that far. It is important to do your job well. That's all.

Sokolov A.V. Social communications: textbook. for bachelors studying in the direction of preparation 071900.62 "Library and information activities" / A. V. Sokolov; scientific ed. G. V. Mikheeva. St. Petersburg: Profession, 2014. 288 p.

The textbook examines the place and role of the document in the system of social communications, presents all the problems of social communications that are important for modern library and information activities. Based on the understanding of communication as the movement of meanings in social space and time, the forms, types, levels of communication activity, the structure of group and public memory, the types of communication channels and the periodization of the evolution of social communications, including multimedia communication in the information society, are considered. The textbook is interdisciplinary in nature, it takes into account the relationship of library science, bibliography, book science with other social and human sciences in the field of communication issues.

This textbook is the first textbook on social communications, specifically addressed to students of the library and information school and adapted to the requirements of the federal educational standard of the third generation. It can be used by librarians-bibliographers and information workers for professional development and self-education.

Introduction

In the first approximation, we will understand social communication as an expedient, mediated by signs (speech, images, gestures, facial expressions, etc.) interaction between social subjects (individuals, social groups, mass aggregates). Obviously, communication (communication) between people is a necessary condition for the formation of the human race (anthropogenesis) and human society (sociogenesis). From this follows an indisputable, even trivial, conclusion that communication is a necessary, and perhaps a determining factor in the cultural evolution of mankind.

Everyday practicing communication activities, people from ancient times asked themselves questions: where did the language come from? what is memory? how to communicate with the forces of nature, the other world, omnipotent deities? Many peoples have mythological answers to the questions posed, there are various answers in religious and scientific literature. Take, for example, the myths of ancient Greece.

In the vast ancient Greek pantheon, social communication is represented quite extensively and diversely. One of the oldest Olympians, Hermes, endowed with the gift of eloquence, shod in golden winged sandals and armed with a golden magic wand, served as a messenger of the gods, an intermediary between gods and people (the role of the “postman of the gods” was also played by the goddess Irida). Hermes was a guide and patron of travelers (it is no coincidence that his name comes from the word "germ" - a way sign). The communication abilities of Hermes were complemented by cunning, quick wit and even stealth (the cunning of Odysseus is explained by his origin from the genus of Hermes). Given the entrepreneurial abilities of Hermes, the Romans turned him into the god of trade and enrichment of Mercury, who wore not only winged sandals, but also a coin purse. Thus, the mythical image of Hermes organically combined eloquence, cunning, wanderlust, and commercial enterprise.

The pragmatic Hermes was indifferent to art, therefore, having made a seven-stringed lyre, he gave it to Apollo for a herd of cows. The image of the beautiful and wise god of artistic inspiration and divination of the future, the leader of the Muses, Apollo reveals the spiritual richness of communication with amazing accuracy. Communication turns out to be an art, the various facets of which are symbolized by the Apollonian muses. The plasticity of direct communication is conveyed by the graceful Terpsichore; lyric poetry is represented by Erato and Euterpe, in whose hands are musical instruments; the tragedies are narrated by the stern Melpomene, complemented by the laughing Thalia, the muse of comedy; strict Polyhymnia and Calliope with a scroll and a stick for writing record current events; Clio, the muse of history, embodies social memory; finally, clever Urania - the muse of astronomy with the vault of heaven and a compass personifies scientific knowledge. Non-verbal and verbal, oral and documentary, aesthetic and scientific communication is concentrated under the auspices of Apollo's musaget. Current communication activity interacts with social memory. If we add the intricacies of everyday everyday business communication and transport movements, which the practical Hermes is in charge of, we can say that ancient Greek mythology in an incomprehensible way reflected the general structure of social communications, characteristic not only of antiquity, but also of subsequent civilizations.

This structure presents: different types of communication - the movement of material objects (travelers, cargo, etc.) in geometric space and the movement of meanings (knowledge, skills, emotions, volitional impulses, fantasies) in social reality; different forms, types and levels of communication activities; all kinds of communication channels (means of communication) that form oral and documentary communication; finally, social institutions covering everyday communication, mass communication, social memory, aesthetic communication (poetry, music, theater, etc.); institutional communication (religion, science, politics, law, etc.). Over time, new means, methods, channels, centers and services of communication appeared, new problems and threats arose, but the Apollo-Hermes structure itself is still preserved as an unshakable foundation, because it has not a historically or nationally limited, but an eternal universal significance. Therefore, if heavenly patrons of communication were required, it would be reasonable to choose the ancient Greek gods Apollo and Hermes.

Nowadays, when it comes to the formation of an information society in the form of a computerized world with multimedia global communication channels and with cultural heritage stored in the distributed memory of computer networks, the traditions of Hermes and Apollo are pushed to the periphery of public life. However, in overcoming ancient Greek mythology, one should not ignore the lessons that can be learned from the evolution of socio-cultural communications. The main conclusion is the recognition of the fundamental importance of communication for human civilization. At one time, P. Ya. Chaadaev (1794-1856) formulated this conclusion quite definitely: “Deprived of communication with other creatures, we would pluck the grass, and not reflect on our nature.” A more detailed thought of the witty philosopher-skeptic can be expressed in the following theses, which are quite obvious today:

In the process of anthropogenesis, communication activity was a decisive prerequisite and a breeding ground for the formation of human consciousness and language; communication is a way of forming a human personality, since only in the process of interaction with other people does the socialization of the individual and the development of his abilities take place; communication need - an organic (absolute) spiritual need of a person; isolation from society leads to incurable mental trauma; communication is a factor and condition for the existence of any human communities - from small social groups to nations and states; communication activity is a source, a means of maintaining and using social memory, accumulating the cultural and historical experience of social subjects.

The relevance of publishing a textbook on social communications, addressed to library and information faculties, is dictated by the aggravation of the vital problems of library and information activities. The vital problems are the devaluation of book culture, the decline of the social prestige of the library profession, the uncertainty of the place and role of book and documentary communication in the coming information society. These problems are due to significant changes in the structure of social communications and communication practices of the active population. It is quite obvious that in order to overcome the negative consequences of the listed problems, library and information workers need to be professionally oriented in the modern social and communication system. The lack of textbooks and manuals on social communications addressed to them makes this task almost impossible. Therefore, the relevance of the publication of this textbook is not limited to the framework of the library school, it extends to library and bibliographic practice, to the scientific foundations of library science, bibliography, and book science.

The purpose of the textbook is to adapt scientific knowledge in the field of social communication (communication studies) for the formation of professional and cultural competencies of library and information workers that correspond to the conditions of the information society. The goal is determined by the tasks:

Development of a conceptual and terminological system to reveal the essence of social and communication activities and social memory; consideration of library and information activities as a variety of social and communication activities, and library and information institutions as communication centers; understanding the evolution of social communications and the combination of bookishness with multimedia culture; defining the social mission of libraries in the technogenic information society; revealing scientific knowledge about communication that is important for the development of the theoretical foundations of library science, bibliography, book science.

The professional and pedagogical orientation of the textbook consists in the formation of the following general cultural and professional competencies of bachelors in the direction of preparation 071900 "Library and information activities":

Awareness of the social significance of their future profession, having a high motivation to perform professional activities; ability to analyze socially significant problems and processes; the ability to understand the essence and significance of information in the development of the modern information society; readiness to master and provide a promising range of information and communication products and services; readiness for continuous improvement of professional knowledge and skills, acquisition of new skills for the implementation of library and information processes, professional retraining and advanced training; willingness to make competent management decisions in professional and industrial activities; willingness to participate in the implementation of complex innovative projects and programs for the development of library and information activities; ability to study and analyze library and information activities; readiness to form the information culture of library users; readiness to implement innovative processes in the socio-cultural sphere.

As a result of studying the textbook "Social Communications" the student should know:

Scientific understanding and typification of communication; definition of social communication as the movement of meanings in social time and space; classification of communication signs; types, levels, forms of communication activity; features of interpersonal, group and mass communication; structures of group and public social memory; varieties of communication channels and patterns of their formation; interrelations and features of oral communication, documentary communication, electronic communication; evolutionary stages of development of public communication systems; Internet as an instrument of globalization; the mission of libraries as a humanistic stronghold of the nation in the information society; the modern system of communication sciences, including the documentation cycle of sciences.

Problems begin when we try to comprehend the essence of this factor and the mechanisms of its impact on an individual, society, modern culture. There are different types of communication, and talking with friends is not the same as talking to your own conscience, seeing the sights in Paris, or selling real estate. From time to time there are communication revolutions that affect the psyche of people, change the way of life of society and not always for the better. Suffice it to recall that lies, deceit, hypocrisy, vulgarity, slander, etc. are communication phenomena that multiply as communication flows increase.

Determine channels of semantic information corresponding to a given communication need; analyze communication barriers; offer communication innovations to overcome difficulties in communication activities; find forms and methods of social partnership of libraries with other communication institutions; navigate the range of communication products and services that are in demand in society; borrow and introduce new methods and means of implementing library and information processes; contribute to the improvement of the communication culture of library users, especially the younger generation.

Master the skills:

Use of the conceptual and terminological system of the theory of social communication; informational approach to the analysis of the communication activities of modern libraries; motivation for the professional implementation of library and information activities; continuous improvement of professional knowledge and skills through self-education and participation in the advanced training system.

The textbook is based on the understanding of modern domestic and foreign research in the field of social communications in relation to the vital problems of library and information activities, as well as on the personal scientific and pedagogical experience of the author. The content of the textbook is dictated by the desire to set out general concepts and identify the general patterns of social communication that are characteristic of all times and all peoples. Each chapter ends with a list of questions for self-examination and a list of additional readings. The textbook includes a subject index that reveals the basic concepts and aspects of the theory of social communication.

1. Chaadaev P. Ya. Poly. coll. op. M., 1991. T. 1. S. 385.