Lesson topic: "Architecture of Ancient Greece. Order system"
Order systemORDER
- a certain combination of carriers and
bearing parts of the rack-and-beam structure,
their structure and artistic processing.
Order
includes load-bearing parts (column with
capital, base, sometimes with a pedestal) and
carried (architrave, frieze and cornice, in
the aggregates that make up the entablature).
There are three types of Greek orders:
Doric order.Doric order, which appeared at the beginning of the 6th century. BC, can be considered the main
in the development of Greek architecture.
Strict and solemnly monumental Doric order, which appeared in
early
6th c. BC e., consists of the following parts:
three-stage base - stereobat; carrier column.
Vertically, the column trunk was divided by flutes (vertical
grooves) with sharp edges.
The column ends with a capital, consisting of an echina (flattened pillow) and
abacus
(tetrahedral plate.) of the carried part - the entablature, including the architrave
(horizontal beam resting on columns), frieze with alternating
triglyphs
(a plate with vertical grooves) and metopes (a plate made of
stone
or ceramics decorated with relief or painting) and a cornice.
The Doric style of architecture developed mainly in the Peloponnese and
Western
areas of the Greek world (Sicily).
The forms of the Doric style were influenced by Mycenaean architecture.
Parthenon
Ionic orderStrict geometry, massive simplicity, full of inner strength, imperious
assertion of the masculine principle in art, the Ionic order (appeared around the middle of VI
V. BC) contrasts the desire for decorativeness, for lightness of form, smoothness of lines,
its more feminine inspiration. The Ionic order differed from the Doric in proportions,
as well as the number and complexity of details.
Thin columns with a base and high, but hewn along the edges of the flutes were crowned
capitals with curls, shaped like ram's horns - volutes.
Above the volutes there was an impost (thin horizontal strip). The architrave included three
bands protruding one above the other (fascia). The frieze was decorated with a relief image. IN
on the eaves, decorations were often carved, shaped like eggs (ionics), leaves
(climitium) and beads.
The Ionic style developed mainly in Attica and in the eastern regions of the Mediterranean.
The functions of both of these orders were the same - the columns were built in order to
support horizontal floor beams. The difference was only in proportions and
decorations. Later, the famous Roman architect Vetruvius suggested that these
orders are the embodiment of the masculine and feminine principles. In support of this hypothesis, he
the fact that when the Greeks installed statues instead of columns, the Doric columns were replaced
statues of men (Atlanteans), and Ionic statues of women (caryatids).
Doric and Ionic orders were widely used in all eras of the existence of the Ancient
Greece and in the construction of residential buildings or small galleries, and in the construction of large
along the temples.
Temple of Nike Apteros
Corinthian order.The Corinthian order appeared later than the previous two and in many ways resembled
ionic.
The Corinthian order was developed from the 5th century BC and finally
took shape at the end of the 4th century. BC e.
The proportions of the Corinthian order are similar to the Ionic ones.
Its characteristic feature was a high capital, decorated
relief images
leaves of anakfa, a poisonous plant.
The great Greek soul found its perfect embodiment in the column.
architecture
with her strength and slenderness, bold take-off and precise poise in the name of
supreme harmony.
The famous symbol of ancient Greece Acropolis built by the genius Phidias on a high hill in Athens.
Acropolis in Greek means "Upper City".
In ancient times, the Acropolis in Greece served the same purpose as the Kremlin in Rus': in a fenced area were the main shrines and treasures, the treasury of the state, Those who ruled the city were also located here. The acropolis consisted of several magnificent buildings. It was placed on a hill, as if specially created by nature - a steep hill with a flat top.
Citizens who rise here on the days of great holidays first passed through Propylaea. This building with columns served as the front gate. In the side outbuildings were the spiritual treasures of Athens: an old library and an art gallery. A small but very beautiful temple was built right there. Goddess of Victory - Nike .
Parthenon Temple of Athena
Pericles, the famous ruler of Athens, under whom this Greek Kremlin was built, said very well about the Parthenon: “We love wisdom without effeminacy and beauty without whimsicality.” And, indeed, the sacred house of the Virgin Warrior is distinguished not by decorations, but by its severity and grandeur.
The last masterpiece of the Acropolis was the temple of Poseidon and Athena Erechtheion . According to legend, the temple stood on the site of the dispute between Athena and Poseidon. An ancient olive tree grew near the temple. The Greeks believed that it grew from the shaft of Athena's spear.
The main type of temple in Greek architecture was peripter (feathered), that is, surrounded by columns around the perimeter
Order- the system of relationships between the bearing and bearing parts of the building (rack-and-beam system)
entablature
architrave
capital
column shaft
stereobat
Order systems
Doric Ionic Corinthian Tuscan Composite
The capital is the top of a column.
The ancient Greek architectural theorist Vitruvius compared the Doric order "with the strength and beauty of the male body", as an expression of his strength, spiritual and physical. Sometimes, instead of a column in the Doric order, a male statue was installed, the so-called. atlas
Doric order
The plasticity and proportions of the orders reflected the search for images in the likeness of the human structure.
Volutes
The Ionic order was compared by Vitruvius to "the sophistication of women, their adornments and proportionality." It is no coincidence that in the Ionic order columns were sometimes replaced by female figures, the so-called. caryatids.
Corinthian order
The Corinthian order is the lightest, most slender of the three orders of the Greek system. In the time of Vitruvius, it was customary to symbolize the Corinthian column as an image of a beautiful girl, and the order itself as an expression of her tenderness and purity.
flutes
Creative task.
Design and draw a fabulous architectural order.
Resources used:
- http://www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/Classics/roman_provinces/greece/Acropolis.JPG
- http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/9/nadine462007.3/0_3cce_f7656a00_XL
- http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/6005/sv-bozhko.0/0_643be_92b0d17e_L.jpg
- http://www.piterra.ru/gallery/catalog/full_de3e310652.jpg
"Culture and History of Greece" - The knowledge of the ancient Greeks about the origin of the universe and man is impressive. Greece. And nothing seems to change over time. Modern sculptors learn from the masterpieces of ancient Greek masters. Architects look up to the classical canons of ancient temples. The essence of things is revealed to people of a philosophical warehouse.
"Schools of Ancient Greece" - 4. Scientific knowledge in Ancient Greece. Lesson plan. School and Science in Ancient Greece. Lesson assignment. Hello children! The sons of free Greeks studied at schools from the age of 7. Socrates is the father of philosophy. One side of the stee-lo was sharp. Herodotus is the father of history. When teaching literacy, the teacher read aloud the text written on papyrus.
"Vase Painting of Ancient Greece" - A favorite topic in the art of Ancient Greece was a man. The art of D. Greece, as in all ancient countries, is associated with belief and mythology. Geometric style. EXERCISE. Black-figure style. In the 6th century, a new style of painting Greek vessels appeared in Athens. The surface of the red fired clay was painted with black lacquer.
"Theater of Ancient Greece" - Dithyrambs. Orchestra - a round platform on which the choir of the ancient theater performs. comedians. Theatron is the building of the Greek theater. Maenads. Dionysus. Ancient Greek Tragedians. Satires. Theater of the 4th century BC, Epidavros. Aristophanes. Parod - a passage that separates the sectors of the amphitheater. Orchestra. Proskenium - a narrow platform between the skene and the orchestra, on which the kings go.
"The Artistic Culture of Ancient Greece" - Kouros from Attica. Around 450 BC Marble Roman copy of a Greek bronze original. Doryphorus. The Acropolis is the social and cultural center of the Athenian state. Sculpture of the archaic period. Pericles. Nike of Samothrace. Erechtheion. BC.). order system. Around 530 BC Acropolis Museum.
"Olympic Games in Ancient Greece" - the birthplace of the Olympic Games. Fist fight. Pentathlon: Running Long jump Javelin throw Discus throw Wrestling. The time of the games. The next three days were devoted to competitions. Olympic Games in Ancient Greece (grade 5). History of Ancient Greece. The award is a laurel wreath. Sports days. Dedication to the Olympic Games.
In total there are 19 presentations in the topic
art lesson
8th grade
Baturina Lyubov Leonidovna
- ORDER - a certain combination of load-bearing and carried parts of a rack-and-beam structure, their structure and artistic processing.
- The order includes load-bearing parts (a column with a capital, a base, sometimes with a pedestal) and carried parts (architrave, frieze and cornice, which together make up the entablature).
Doric order, which appeared at the beginning of the 6th century. BC, can be considered the main
in the development of Greek architecture.
Strict and solemnly monumental Doric order, which appeared at the beginning
6th c. BC e., consists of the following parts:
three-stage base - stereobat; carrier column.
Vertically, the column trunk was divided by flutes (vertical grooves) with sharp edges.
The column ends with a capital, consisting of an echina (flattened pillow) and an abacus.
(tetrahedral plate.) of the carried part - the entablature, including the architrave
(horizontal beam resting on columns), frieze with alternating triglyphs
(slab with vertical grooves) and metopes (slab made of stone
or ceramics decorated with relief or painting) and a cornice.
The Doric style of architecture developed mainly in the Peloponnese and in the western
areas of the Greek world (Sicily).
The forms of the Doric style were influenced by Mycenaean architecture.
Ionic order
The Ionic order (appeared around the middle of the 6th century BC) opposes the strict geometricity, massive simplicity, full of inner strength, the imperious assertion of the masculine principle in art, the desire for decorativeness, lightness of forms, smoothness of lines, its more feminine inspiration. The Ionic order differed from the Doric in proportions, as well as in the number and complexity of details.
Thin columns with a base and high flutes, but hewn along the edges, were crowned with capitals with curls, shaped like ram's horns - volutes.
Above the volutes there was an impost (thin horizontal strip). The architrave included three bands protruding one above the other (fascia). The frieze was decorated with a relief image. In the cornice, decorations were often carved, shaped like eggs (ionics), leaves (climitium) and beads.
The Ionic style developed mainly in Attica and in the eastern regions of the Mediterranean.
The functions of both of these orders were the same - the columns were built in order to support the horizontal floor beams. The difference was only in proportions and decorations. Later, the famous Roman architect Vetruvius suggested that these orders are the embodiment of the male and female principles. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that when the Greeks installed statues instead of columns, Doric columns were replaced by statues of men (Atlanteans), and Ionic columns by statues of women (caryatids).
The Doric and Ionic orders were widely used in all eras of the existence of Ancient Greece, both in the construction of residential buildings or small galleries, and in the construction of large temples.
- Symbolizes the image of a beautiful girl, an expression of her tenderness and purity.
-In multi-storey buildings, a light Corinthian order occupies the top position.
- Apply to solemn museum buildings, concert halls, theaters, etc.
Corinthian order .
The Corinthian order appeared later than the previous two and in many ways resembled the Ionic one.
The Corinthian order was developed from the 5th century BC and finally took shape at the end of the 4th century. BC e.
The proportions of the Corinthian order are similar to the Ionic ones.
Its characteristic feature was a high capital, decorated with relief images.
leaves of anakfa, a poisonous plant.
The great soul of Greek architecture found its perfect embodiment in the column.
with its strength and harmony, bold take-off and precise balance in the name of higher harmony.
in capitals composite orders, there is some combination of the Corinthian and Ionic orders. It symbolizes lightness, elegance.
They are used to decorate the halls of palaces, to express splendor, wealth, elegance.
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