Six-day working week in the USSR. Working hours in the USSR

The new Soviet government raised its goal of no significant construction of a new world. And for this, changes needed to expose all spheres of public life.

One of the innovations was the transition to the Gregorian calendar. The USSR thus finally got close to the summer with Europe. Previously, it hindered to make Russian orthodox Church. Now the religion was not the dominant factor of social change. And young authorities with an emphasis begins sometimes amazing experiments with the calculus of time, the designation of the days of the week and months. But not all revolutionary changes were adopted by society.

In the period of becoming soviet power Calendar was a significant formation tool social Memory, mobilization of the wide masses of the population. The distribution of festive and working days in it regulated the life lifestyle of the entire population. The calendars of the 30s of the 20th century reflects the massive Soviet culture.

On October 1, 1929, a reformed calendar appeared in the USSR. The new procedure for reference the date was called revolutionary. And the changes were associated with the fact that at the end of August 1929 in the USSR introduced the so-called "continuing". Bolsheviks wanted to run continuous production. It concerned both enterprises and public institutions. The process was first introduced partially, and since the spring of 1930 everywhere.

The Soviet revolutionary calendar besides the industrial benefit, which was hoping to extract the Bolsheviks, was also an ideological tool. His task was to destroy the Christian religious weekly cycle with Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays. We changed ideas about the weeks and days of the week. The days were deprived of traditional names. They are numbered - the first day of the five days, the second day of the five days, etc. People worked for four days, and on the fifth rested. And so the whole new one-year cycle consisting of 72 five days. And for the weekends of employees of enterprises and institutions, they were not intersecting, they were divided into groups and differed in colors. Working days of the five groups were celebrated in the calendar with yellow, pink, green, red and violet. The calendar for 1930 looked quite colorfully.

Fifth day - day off

"Continuing" was designed to strengthen the productive power of the country, to reduce the deadlines for the new construction and reconstruction of old industries. At the same time, the interests of the proletariat regarding the number of working days and the number of working hours were taken into account. About life outside the production of speech did not go.

The weekend, therefore, it turned out more - one in five days. Weekend were no longer Sunday, but red, pink, purple and generally fifth. It is difficult to imagine how workers coped with this innovation. After all, the weekends did not coincide with the members of one family. And such a proposed to the Soviet way of labor life was unlikely to be popular. The new tabel calendar complicated life, personal and social life. In the houses hung two calendar - old and new, in fact, the working table.

The remaining five non-working days did not enter any months and for no weeks. These national holidays - Lenin's Day - January 22, Labor Days are actually the main days of rest in the Soviet Union - May 1 and 2, industrial days - November 7 and 8. In the table calendar for 1931, thus, May began with 3 numbers.

It is worth noting, it was not the only one who did not incarnate unusual project Soviet power in the field of time calculation. At the time of the revolutionary calendar, the summer itself was indicated in a new way - from the "creation of the Socialist Revolution". And continued this until 1991. Near the usual Gregorian year stood a year of November 7, 1917. Even the corresponding abbreviation "S.R." was introduced.

At the end of 1931, the five-day week was replaced by six-day with fixed days of rest, which were held at 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 of each month. It was necessary to work now five days, and on the sixth rest.

Monthly preserved their old names, despite the fact that from the Union of Militors, the devils received very extraordinary proposals for their renaming. The only month that retained its name on their system was to stay May. The rest of the month would receive names, for example, Engels, Stalin, Comintern.

In addition, on the decrees of the Soviet government, the clock arrows were transferred for an hour ahead, compared with the astronomical waist time. And even the sun in the country of Soviets was in Zenith in their last hour. Totalitarian regime sought to manage even time. This writes in his book "Time and Politics. Introduction to the chronopolitics »Russian politician and political scientist Alexander Yuryevich Sungurov.

Return to the traditional calendar

The five days got used to greatly difficulty. Gradually, the revolutionary calendar was extended by traditional. The seven-day week returned, but the working week still began to start from Sunday. Return to the traditional seven-day working week happened only in 1940. February and months from 31 days continued to make troubles in all calendars. And soon, large experiments of Soviet power over time and ended at all, probably never affecting labor productivity. And on June 26, 1940, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR "On the transition on an eight-hour working day, on the seven-day working week" was signed. Thus, the Soviet revolutionary calendar existed for 11 years.

I'll do another exposure of liberal myths.

Today we will talk about the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 06/26/1940 "On the transition on an eight-hour working day, on the seven-day working week and on the prohibition of unauthorized care of workers and employees from enterprises and institutions"

Today, this decree is presented as:

Louder than all of him swallow Volodya Reunched Suvorov "The labor legislation of 1940 was so committed that during the war it did not have to adjust it, nor supplement.
And the working day was full and wound: the nine-hour had become unnoticed in a decade-hour, then in the eleven. And overtime were allowed: you want to work out - stay in the evening. The government prints money, distributes them to lovers of overtime, and then these money defensive loans back out of the population. And the money of the people is missing again. Then the government goes to the people to meet: you can work without days off. For lovers. Then, however, it was introduced for everyone - to work without days off. "(" Day M "http://tapirr.narod.ru/texts/history/suvorov/denm.htm)

"Weekend canceled.
In June 1940 in soviet seal Appeal to the workers with a call to go to the seven-day working week. Of course, it was the "initiative of the bottom", signed by hundreds of representatives of conscious advanced workers and progressive intelligentsia. The rest of the population understood - soon the war. It should be noted that from the beginning of the 1930s, a six-day working week was established in the Soviet Union at a seven-hour working day. In other countries, they worked more - at six days, workers worked 9-11 hours a day. On June 26, 1940, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was introduced by an eight-hour working day, a seven-day working week and criminal responsibility for being late for work for more than 21 minutes. Dismissal on your own request was prohibited. For workers and employees, criminal punishment was established for violation of labor discipline. For a reference to work, they gave five years of the camps, for the barrier with the boss, it was possible to receive a year, and for marriage - up to ten years strict regime. In 1940, in Moscow, late to work was very easy - public transport It was not enough, suburban trains and buses could not physically accommodate all passengers, especially in the "Peak Hour". People borders hung on external handrails, which sometimes broke off on the go and passengers flew under the wheels. Sometimes the genuine tragedies were played when hopelessly late people rushed under the transport. The sevenneve was canceled in 1946, and criminal liability for being late - in 1956 "(Finance magazine" http://www.finansmag.ru/64351)

"...in 1940, weekend on enterprises were canceled in the USSR"(" From victory to lesion - one step "http://www.ruska-pravda.com/index.php/200906233017/stat-i/monitoring-smi/2009-06-23-05-54-19/pechat .html)

Loose and homegrown fighters with Stalinism
"Sixide is 6 working days from 7 with one weekend, 7 days - it's without days off!" ("Stalinistam: Decree on the prohibition of unauthorized care of workers and employees from enterprises and from institutions" http://makhk.livejournal.com/211239.html?Thread\u003d2970407)

Well, oh well, there are enough examples, now I explain.
The peculiarity of the Soviet calendar of the 1930s was that there was a six-day week (the so-called six-day) with a fixed day of recreation, coming on 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30, the number of each month (March 1 was used instead of February 30, each 31 number Considered as an additional working day). Traces of this are visible, for example, in the Titres of the film "Volga-Volga" ("First Day of the Six Day", "The second day of six days" and so on).

Return to the seven-day week occurred on June 26, 1940 in accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR "On the transition to an eight-hour working day, for the seven-day working week and on the prohibition of unauthorized care of workers and employees from enterprises and institutions."
And the decree sounded like this:

1. Increase the duration of the working day of workers and employees in all state, cooperative and public enterprises and institutions:
from seven to eight hours - in enterprises with a semi-hour working day;
from six to seven hours - on works with a six-hour working day, with the exception of occupations with harmful working conditions, on the lists claimed by the USSR SNK;
from six to eight hours - for employees of institutions;
from six to eight hours - for persons who have reached 16 years.
2. Translate in all state, cooperative and public enterprises and institutions work from six days for a seven-day week, counting Seventh day of the week - Sunday - Day of rest. http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_buks/history/article/perehod8.php.

So, the transition from six-seven-day calendar today is actively used by anti-laws as a crime of Stalinism and challenging workers.

Conclusions, as always, do ourselves

Pleased to contribute to the Committee on the Labor Market Market of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (RSPP), the amendment about the 60-hour working week was not from employers, but from the working teams, Mikhail Prokhorov reported, who heads the Committee, in an interview with the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper.

In most cases, human labor is measured by working time. Labor legislation most often uses such measurement units as a working day (shift) and a working week.

A further reduction in working hours was provided for by the Law of the RSFSR of April 19, 1991. "On Enhancing social guarantees for workers." In accordance with this law, the duration of working time workers cannot exceed 40 hours per week.

Duration of daily work is 8 hours, 8 hours 12 minutes or 8 hours 15 minutes, and on work with harmful working conditions - 7 hours, 7 hours 12 minutes or 7 hours 15 minutes.

In April 2010, Russian businessman Mikhail Prokhorov proposed to change labor legislation and introduce a 60-hour working week instead of 40-hour. In November 2010, the Bureau of the Management Republic of RSPP approved the amendments to the TC, who met violent resistance by trade unions. However, later, the document was supposed to be sent for consideration by the Russian Tripartite Commission with the participation of employers, trade unions and governments.

Material prepared on the basis of open sources information

There is no better entertainment for humanity than playing with these 365 (or how many exactly) the days of the appeal of his planet around the sun. Maja will be tired of counting years ahead and the current pessimists already scream - the end of the world! Then the Romans cannot figure out the division for months and come up with all sorts of go, when it is more convenient to dunk Caesar. And with the name of the months in Greece and Rome, the spiritual disgrace was going on. Somehow they have survived to this day June, July and August, named in honor of persons. And earlier, some lucky commander will appear, so the months rushing the months to rename. There were Alexandrium and Demetrius, and Pompei ... But it seemed to settle. We used to count December twelve month, although the name is translated from Latin as the "tenth".
And already the revolutionaries with bread do not feed, give a mock over the calendar. Jacobinians canceled the previous names of the months, introduced Zermond, Termidor, and the like. How, the new era has come. Era lasted 12 years. The Bolsheviks also did not make himself wait with calendar reforms. First, the famously switched from Julian to the Gregorian calendar. And after January 31, 1918, it was immediately coming on February 14th. But it was right. World revolution on the nose, and we have a misconception with the whole world. But then something more incomprehensible went.
With the beginning revolutionary movement One of the first requirements of the proletariat was a reduction in the working day. For the first time in Russia, it was legally 11.5-hour day in 1897. The Bolsheviks have introduced a long-tailed-day, 48-hour week.
But industrialization has come, the first five-year plan, intensification and went reforms. In 1929, the decision of the SNK on the introduction of the "Five Day" from the 1930th. The year was divided into 72 five days, at the end of each of which was a day off. The main focus was that the staff of each enterprise was divided into five parts. And each part of the work year began on different days of the first five days. It turned out that the enterprise or organization worked at all without days off. With such a system, the order of the week lost the meaning and Mondays with Tuesdays generally disappeared. Instead of them "First Day of the Five Day", "The second day of the five days". One of the objectives of the reform was antireligious. Sundays disappeared from Christians, Saturday from Jews, Friday from Muslims.
"When the methodological and pedagogical sector switched to a continuous week and, instead of a net resurrection, recreation days, Hvorobieva became some purple fifth numbers, he was disgusted with a retirement herself and settled far beyond the city." (I. Ilf, E. Petrov "Golden Calf".)
But the confusion with the division of labor collectives on the part, with the distribution of vacations, with cases of absence from the hospital turned out to be too large. If enterprises with a continuous production cycle and so did not have a common weekend, then why did it have to be in school, in the theater or in the "chubbank"? In 1931, the five days replaced the six day. 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 The number of each month was common weekend. The 31 numbers were workers, for the lack of February 30, walked on March 1. But still lived without resurrection and Saturday. Only six holidays per year did not depend on the new order. The modern viewer is incomprehensible, which means in the film "Volga-Volga" titer "First day of the six days", and then everything was clear.
Only on June 26, 1940, the seven-day week and their previous names are returned again. Everything gets into place.

Pavel Kuzmenko

Update: Apparently, the photo of the grave is most likely a photocopic fake and on February 30 in the USSR actually never existed. Personally, I have not yet managed to find any confirmation in the form of some calendar or newspaper for 1930 or 1931. But the calendars are known, indicating the opposite.

The original is taken by W. masterok. In the Soviet revolutionary ...

It would seem why I show you this photo. And you do not notice anything strange on it? Exactly exactly? Well, look attentive! Found? OK, let's under the cat, we will read the details ...

- Calendar, an attempt to introduce which was carried out from October 1, 1929 in the USSR. However, from December 1, 1931, this calendar was partly canceled. Finally, a refund to the traditional calendar was carried out on June 26, 1940.

During the Soviet Revolutionary Calendar, the Gregorian calendar was used in parallel in some cases.

The Soviet revolutionary calendar with a five-day week was introduced from October 1, 1929. The main goal was to destroy the Christian seven-day weekly cycle, making Sunday working days. However, despite the fact that the weekend has become more (6 per month instead of 4-5), such an artificial rhythm of life turned out to be unsuitable, he contradicted and domestic habits, and all established folk culture. Therefore, the revolutionary calendar under pressure from life gradually changed towards the traditional, which was restored in 1940. This calendar reform took place as follows.

On August 26, 1929, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR in the decision "On the transition to continuous production in enterprises and institutions of the USSR" recognized as necessary since 1929-1930 of the economic year (from October 1) to start a planned and consistent translation of enterprises and institutions for continuous production. The transition to "continuing", which began in the fall of 1929, was fixed in the spring of 1930 by the Resolution of the Special Government Commission at the Board of Labor and Defense, which was introduced by a single production table of the Calendar.

In the calendar year, 360 days were envisaged, and accordingly 72 five days. Each of the 12 months consisted of exactly 30 days, including February. The remaining 5 or 6 days (in the leap year) were announced "insideless holidays" and did not enter any one month and in no one week, but they had their own names:

Week in the USSR in 1929-1930. It consisted of 5 days, while they were divided into five groups called in colors (yellow, pink, red, purple, green), and each group had their own day off a week.

Five-day survived with exceptional labor - in fact it was constant violence also above the usual biological rhythm Life of people. Therefore, the Bolsheviks decided to slow down slightly.

Decree of the USSR SCC dated November 21, 1931, "On the interrupted production week in institutions", from December 1, 1931, the five-day week was replaced by a six-day week with a fixed day of recreation, coming on 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30, the number of each month ( March 1 was used instead of February 30, each 31 number was viewed as an additional working day). The traces of this are visible, for example, in the Titres of the film "Volga-Volga" ("First Day of the Six Day", "The second day of the six days" ...).

Since 1931, the number of days in the month was returned to the former appearance. But these concessions did not change the main goal of the calendar reform: the eradication of Sunday. And the rhythm of life they could not normalize. Therefore, with the first signs of rehabilitation of Russian patriotism on the eve of the war, Stalin decided to also stop the fight against the traditional structure of calculating time.

Return to the 7-day week occurred on June 26, 1940 in accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR "On the transition to an eight-hour working day, for the seven-day working week and the prohibition of unauthorized care of workers and employees from enterprises and institutions." However, the week in the USSR began from Sunday, only in later years - from Monday.

Despite the fact that the summer calendar continued according to the Gregorian calendar, in some cases the date was indicated as "NN of the Socialist Revolution", with a point of reference dated November 7, 1917. The phrase "NN Year of the Socialist Revolution" was present in the tear-off and cake calendars to 1991 inclusive - until the end of the Communist Party power.