22nd of June. Conventional Sunday Day. More than 200 million citizens plan how to spend their weekend: go to visit, reduce children in the zoo, someone hurries on football, someone - on a date. Soon they will be the heroes and victims of war, killed and wounded, soldiers and refugees, blockades and prisoners of concentration camps, partisans, prisoners of war, orphans, disabled. Winners and veterans of the Great Patriotic War. But none of them yet knows about it.

In 1941. The Soviet Union was quite firmly on his legs - industrialization and collectivization brought their fruits, the industry developed - out of ten tractors issued in the world were Soviet production. DneprogES and Magnitan were built, the army is being re-equipped - the famous T-34 tank, Yak-1 fighters, MiG-3, IL-2 attack aircraft, PE-2 bomber have already enacted the Red Army. The situation in the world is hectic, but soviet people We are confident that "the armor is strong and tanks our fast." In addition, two years ago after three hours of negotiations in Moscow, Molotov's USSR Molotov and Foreign Minister, Ribbentrop signed a non-aggression pact for a period of 10 years.

After an abnormally cold winter of 1940-1941. A pretty warm summer came to Moscow. In the park named after Gorky, attractions work, football matches are held at Dynamo Stadium. Film Studio "Mosfilm" is preparing the main premiere of the summer of 1941 - here just completed the installation of the lyrical comedy "Hearts of Four", which will be released only in 1945. In the main role of the favorite of Joseph Stalin and all Soviet cenkers actress Valentina Serov.

June, 1941 Astrakhan. Near the village of Linear

1941 Astrakhan. In the Caspian Sea

July 1, 1940 scene from the film directed by Vladimir Korsh-Sablin "My Love". In the center of the actress Lydia Smirnova as airlon

April, 1941 The peasant welcomes the first Soviet tractor

July 12, 1940 Residents of Uzbekistan work on the construction of a plot of a large Fergana Channel

August 9, 1940 Belarusian SSR. The farmers of the village of Tensy Tourovsky district of the Polesc region on the walk after a working day

05 May, 1941 Clement Voroshilov, Mikhail Kalinin, Anastas Mikoyan, Andrei Andreev, Alexander Shcherbakov, Georgy Malenkov, Semyon Tymoshenko, Georgy Zhukov, Andrei Eremenko, Semen Beanny, Nikolai Bulganin, Lazar Kaganovich and others in the Presidium of the ceremonial meeting dedicated to the issue Commanders who graduated from the Military Academies. Speakers Joseph Stalin

June 1, 1940. Civil defense classes in the village of Dikanka. Ukraine, Poltava region

In the spring-summer of 1941, the exercises of the Soviet military were increasingly at the Western borders of the USSR. In Europe, the war is already in full swing. The Soviet leadership reach rumors that Germany can attack at any time. But such messages are often ignored, since quite recently a non-aggression agreement was signed.
August 20, 1940 Residents of the village talk with tankers during military exercises

"All above, above and above
We strive we are the flight of our birds,
And in each propeller breathes
Calm to our borders. "

Soviet song, more known as the "Marsh Aviator"

June 1, 1941 under the wing of the TB-3 aircraft suspended fighter I-16, under the wing of which a fugasic bomb weighing 250 kg

September 28, 1939 People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs of the USSR Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov and German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop exchange hands after signing the joint Soviet-German Treaty "On Friendship and Border"

General Field Marshal V.Kaitel, Colonel-General V.The Burahich, A.Gitler, Colonel-General F. Golder (from left to right in the foreground) near the table with a map during the General Staff Meeting. In 1940, Adolf Hitler signed the main directive No. 21 under the codenate name "Barbarossa"

On June 17, 1941, V. N. Merkulov sent I. V. Stalin and V. M. Molotov Agency message received by the NKGB of the USSR from Berlin:

"A source operating at the headquarters of German aviation reports:
1. All German military events for the preparation of armed performances against the USSR are fully finished, and the blow can be expected at any time.

2. In the circles of aviation headquarters, the TASS message from June 6 is perceived very ironically. Emphasize that this statement can not have any meaning ... "

There is a resolution (regarding 2 points): "Comrade Merkulov. You can send your "source" from the headquarters of German aviation to the ebic mother. This is not a "source", and disinformer. I. Stalin "

July 1, 1940 Marshal Semen Tymoshenko (right), General Army of Georgy Zhukov (left) and army general Cyril Metskov (2 left) on exercises in 99 rifle Division Kiev Special Military District

June 21, 21:00

A German soldier Efreitor Alfred Lieskof was detained on the site of the Sokalsk Comferient, the climbing the Bug river.

From the testimony of the chief of the 90th frontier of Major Bychkovsky: "Due to the fact that translators in the detachment are weak, I called from the city of the German teacher ... and Lieskof again repeated the same thing, that is, the Germans are preparing to attack the USSR at dawn on June 22, 1941 ... without finishing the interrogation of the soldier, heard in the direction Ustilug (first compendension) strong artillery fire. I realized that these Germans opened fire in our territory, which was confirmed by the interrogated soldier. Immediately began to call the commandant, but the connection was broken. "

21:30

In Moscow, a conversation of the People's Commissar of Molotov's Foreign Affairs with the German ambassador Schulenburg took place. Molotov said the protest due to numerous disorders of the border of the USSR by German aircraft. Schulenburg rested.

From the memories of Efreitor Hansa Taychler: "On 22 hours we were built and read the order of the Fuhrer. Finally, we were directly told, why are we here. Not at all for throwing into Persia to shiver the British with the permission of Russians. And not in order to put the vigilance of the British, and then quickly transfer troops to La Mansu and land in England. Not. We are a soldier of the Great Reich - waiting for war with the Soviet Union himself. But there is no such force that could keep the movement of our armies. For Russians, this will be a real war, for us - just a victory. We will pray for it. "

June 22, 00:30

In the districts, Directive No. 1 was sent out, containing the order to secretly take firepoints at the border, not to succumb to provocations and lead troops in combat readiness.

From the memories of the German General Geinz Guderian: "In the fatal day, on June 22 at 2 hours 10 minutes, I went to the team center of the group ...
At 3 o'clock 15 minutes, our artillery preparation began.
At 3 hours and 40 minutes - the first bloom of our dive bombers.
At 4 hours and 15 minutes began to cross over the Bug. "

03:07

Commanding Black Sea Fleet Admiral Oktyabrsky called the head of the General Staff of the Republic of Redek Georgy Zhukov and said that a large number of unknown aircraft comes from the sea; The fleet is in full combat readiness. Admiral proposed to meet them with fire fleet air defense. He was given an indication: "Act and report to your addict."

03:30

Head of the Western District, Major General Vladimir Klimov, reported on German aviation on the city of Belarus. Three minutes later, the chief of staff of the Kiev district, General Purrian, reported on aviation raids on the cities of Ukraine. At 03:40, the Commander of the Baltic District, General Kuznetsov, announced a tax on Kaunas and other cities.

From the memories of I. I. Gabib, the deputy commander of the regiment of the 46th JEP, wrap: "... I got cold in my chest. In front of me - four two-door bombers with black crosses on wings. I even bit my lip. Why is it "junkers"! German bombers Yu-88! What to do? .. Another thought arose: "Today, Sunday, and on Sundays, Germans do not have training flights." Outlook, war? Yes, war! "

03:40

Timoshenko's drug defense is asking Zhukov to report Stalin about the start of hostilities. Stalin in response ordered to gather all members of the Politburo in the Kremlin. At this point, Brest, Grodno, Lida, Kobrin, Slonim, Baranovich, Bobruisk, Volkovysk, Kiev, Zhytomyr, Sevastopol, Riga, Window, Libava, Schauliai, Kaunas, Vilnius and many other cities are subjected to Brest.

From the memories of Aleceptina Kitty, 1925 (Lithuania): "I woke up from the fact that I hit my head about the bed - the Earth shuddered from falling bombs. I ran to my parents. Dad said: "The war began. We must clean from here! " We did not know who began war, we did not think about it, it was just very scary. Dad was a military man, and therefore he was able to call for us a car that brought us the train station. They took only clothes. All furniture and homemade utensils remained. At first we went on a commodity train. I remember how my mother covered me and the brother with her body, then they moved to the passenger train. The fact that war with Germany, they learned somewhere in 12 days from the oncoming people. At the city of Shauliye, we saw a large number of wounded, stretchers, doctors. "

At the same time, the Belostok-Minsk battle began, as a result of which the basic forces of the Soviet Western Front were surrounded and were crushed. German troops captured a significant part of Belarus and advanced to a depth of over 300 km. On the part of the Soviet Union in Belostoksky and the Minsk "Boilers", 11 rifle, 2 cavalry, 6 tank and 4 motorized divisions were killed, 3 compements and 2 kitsyva were killed, 2 compets and 6 divisions commanders were captured, another 1 case commander and 2 commander Divisions were missing.

04:10

The beginning of the hostilities of the German troops in the land plots reported western and Baltic special districts.

04:12

German bombers appeared above Sevastopol. The enemy bloom was repulsed, and the attempt of hitting ships was turned on, but residential buildings and warehouses were injured in the city.

From the memories of Sevastopol Anatoly Marsanova: "It was then for me only five years ... the only thing that remains in the memory: at night, parachutes appeared in the sky. Lightly became, I remember, the whole city is lit, everyone runs, joyful such ... scream: "Parachutists! Parachutists! "... do not know that these are mines. And how they were as angry - alone in the bay, the other - below us down the street, so much people wentubilate! "

04:15

The defense of the Brest Fortress began. The first attack by 04:55 the Germans took almost half of the fortress.

From the memories of the defender of the Brest Fortress of Peter Kotelnikova, 1929..: "In the morning we woke up a strong blow. Thought the roof. I stunned. I saw the wounded and killed, I understood: it is no longer a teaching, but war. Most soldiers of our barracks died in the first seconds. I, after adults, rushed to weapons, but the rifles did not give me. Then I rushed with a worm warehouse with one of the Red Army. Then with the fighters switched to the basements of the barracks of the neighboring 333rd rifle regiment ... We helped the wounded, we wore them ammunition, food, water. Through the West Wing at night, they made their way to the river to gain water, and returned back. "

05:00

Moscow time Reichs Minister of Foreign Affairs Ioachim von Ribbentrop caused Soviet diplomats to his office. When they arrived, he informed them about the beginning of the war. The last thing he said the ambassadors was: "Pass to Moscow that I was against the attack." After that, telephones did not work at the embassy, \u200b\u200band the building itself was surrounded by SS detachments.

5:30

Schulenburg officially told Molotov about the beginning of the war of Germany and the USSR, reading the note: "Bolshevik Moscow is ready to strike into the back of the National Socialist Germany, leading the struggle for existence. The German government can not indispensively refer to a serious threat on the eastern border. Therefore, Führer gave orders to German armed Forces With all the forces and means to take this threat ... "

From the memories of Molotov: "Advisor of the German ambassador Hilger, when he handed a note, was slandered."

From Hilger's memories: "He gave free to his indignation, saying that Germany attacked the country with which there was a non-aggression pact. It does not have in the history of precedents. The reason called the German side is an empty pretext ... I concluded my angry speech of Molotov: "We did not give any reason for this."

07:15

Directive No. 2 was published, prescribing the USSR troops to destroy enemy forces in the disturbances of the border, destroy the opponent's aviation, as well as to "bomb Königsberg and Memel" (modern Kaliningrad and Klaipeda). The USSR Air Force was allowed to go "to the depth of German territory to 100-150 km." At the same time, the first counterattack of Soviet troops at the Lithuanian town of Alitus occurs.

09:00

At 7:00 on the Berlin Time, the Reichs Minister of Folk Enlightenment and Propaganda Joseph Goebbels on Radio read the appeal of Adolf Hitler to the German people in connection with the beginning of the war against the Soviet Union: "... Today I decided to invest fate again and the future of the German Reich and our people in our hands soldier. May the Lord will help us in this struggle! ".

09:30

Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Mikhail Kalinin signed a number of decrees, including a decree on the introduction of a military situation, on the formation of a headset rate, on military tribunals and universal mobilization, which was subject to all born from 1905 to 1918.

10:00

German bombers made a raid on Kiev and his suburbs. The bomb attack was subjected train Station, Factory Bolshevik, Airplane, Power Stations, Military Airfields, Residential buildings. According to official data, as a result of the bombing, 25 people died, according to unofficial victims, it was much more. However, a few days in the capital of Ukraine continued peaceful life. Canceled only the opening stadium planned on June 22, on this day it had to go here soccer game Dynamo (Kiev) - CSKA.

12:15

Molotov on the radio made a speech about the beginning of the war, where first called her domestic. Also in this performance, the phrase sounds for the first time, which has become the main slogan of war: "Our business is right. The enemy will be broken. Victory will be ours".

From the conversion of Molotov: "This unheard of attack on our country is unparalleled in the history of civilized peoples of treachery ... This war is imposed on us not by the German people, not the German workers, peasants and intelligentsia, the suffering of which we understand well, but by clicking the bloodthirsty fascist rulers of Germany, enslaved French, Chekhov , Poles, Serbs, Norway, Belgium, Denmark, Holland, Greece and other nations ... Not the first time, our people have to deal with the attacking enemy. At one time, on the campaign of Napoleon to Russia, our people responded to the Patriotic War and Napoleon suffered a defeat, came to his collapse. The same will be with the accusatory Hitler, who announced a new campaign against our country. The Red Army and all of our people will again behave for a victorious Patriotic War for their homeland, for honor, for freedom. "

Workers Leningrad listen to a message about the attack fascist Germany to the Soviet Union

From the memories of Dmitry Savelyev, Novokuznetsk: "We gathered in pillars with loudspeakers. Molotov's speech carefully listened. Many have a feeling of some outrage. After that, the streets began to be allowed, after some time products disappeared in stores. They were not bought - just delivery was reduced ... People were not frightened, but rather focused on, they did everything that the government said them. "

After some time, the text of the Molotov's speech repeated the famous speaker Yuri Levitan. Thanks to his heartfelt voice and the fact that Levitan has read the front-line summaries of the Soviet Informbure throughout the war, there is an opinion that the first message about the beginning of the war he read on the radio. So even said Marshals of Zhukov and Rokossovsky, what they wrote about in their memoirs.

Moscow. Speaker Yuri Levitan during filming in the studio

From the memories of Speaker Yuri Levitan: "When in the early morning of us, speakers, called on the radio, have already begun calls to distribute. Call from Minsk: "enemy aircraft over the city", call from Kaunas: "The city is burning, why don't you pass anything on the radio?", "Over Kiev enemy aircraft." Female crying, excitement - "War really"? .. And now I remember - turned on the microphone. In all cases, I remember myself that I was worried only internally, only internally worried. But here, when I said the word "says Moscow", I feel that I can not speak, I'm stuck a lump in my throat. From the hardware already knocking - "Why are silent? Continue! " Slugged fists and continued: "Citizens and citizens of the Soviet Union ..."

Stalin appealed to speech to soviet people Only on July 3, 12 days after the start of the war. Historians are still arguing why he was silent for so long. This is how Vyacheslav Molotov explained to this fact: "Why am I, not Stalin? He did not want to perform first. It is necessary that there is a clearer picture, what tone and what approach ... He said that she would wait for a few days and will appear when the situation is cleared on the fronts. "

But what he wrote about this Marshal Zhukov: "AND. V. Stalin was a volitional man and, as they say, "not from a cowardly dozen." I saw him only once. It was at dawn on June 22, 1941, when fascist Germany attacked our country. For the first day he could not truly take himself in his hands and firmly lead the events. The shock made on I. V. Stalin attack the enemy was so strong that he even dropped the sound of the voice, and his orders for the organization of the armed struggle did not always responded to the established setting. "

From Stalin's speech on Radio July 3, 1941: "The war with fascist Germany cannot be considered an ordinary one ... Our war for freedom of our fatherland will merge with the struggle of the peoples of Europe and America for their independence, for democratic freedoms."

12:30

At the same time, German troops entered Grodno. A few minutes later, the bombardment of Minsk, Kiev, Sevastopol and other cities began again.

From the memories of Ninel Karpova, 1931. (Kharovsk Vologda region): "Message about the beginning of the war we listened to the reproductor on the home of defense. There are many people crowded. I was not upset, on the contrary I was infused: my father will defend his homeland ... In general, people were not afraid. Yes, women, of course, were upset, cried. But the panic was not. Everyone was sure that we would quickly defeat the Germans. Men said: "Yes, the Germans will dwell from us!" "

Capital points in the military registration and enlistment offices opened. In Moscow, Leningrad and other cities, they lined up queues.

From the memories of Dina Bely, 1936. (Kushva Sverdlovsk region): "All men immediately began to call, and my dad, including. Dad hugged her mother, they both cried, kissed ... I remember how Kizzy's boots grabbed him and screamed: "Folder, do not go! You will kill you, kill! " When he sat down in a train, Mom took me on his hands, we were both sobbed with her, she whispered her tears: "Mad dad ..." Which there, I so sobat, could not move my hand. We have not seen him anymore, our breadwinner. "

Calculations and experience of the mobilization showed that to transfer the army and fleet to war time It was required to call 4.9 million people. However, during the declaration of mobilization, military-ridden 14 ages were called, the total number of which amounted to about 10 million people, that is, almost 5.1 million people more than what was required.

The first day of mobilization in the Red Army. Volunteers in the Oktyabrsk Commissioner

The appeal of such a mass of people was not caused by military necessity and made disorganization to the national economy and anxiety into the masses. Not realizing this, the Marshal of the Soviet Union G. I. Kulik suggested that the government additionally call for older ages (1895-1904 of birth), whose total number was 6.8 million people.

13:15

To take the Brest Fortress, the Germans introduced the new forces of 133 infantry shelf in the South and West Islands, but this "did not bring changes in the position." The Brest Fortress continued to hold defense. The 45th Infantry Division of Fritz Schlipers was thrown onto this section of the front. It was decided that the Brest Fortress would take only the infantry - without tanks. At the taking of the fortress was given no more than eight hours.

From the report to the headquarters of the 45th Infantry Division, Fritz Schlipers: "Russians are fiercely resist, especially behind our attackers. In the Citadel, the enemy organized defense by infantry parts with the support of 35-40 tanks and armored cars. The fire of Russian snipers led to great losses among officers and nonsense officers. "

14:30

Italian Foreign Minister Galeacezzo Chiano told the Soviet Ambassador in Rome Gorelkin that Italy declared the War of the USSR "from the moment the German troops joined the Soviet territory."

From diaries Chiano: "My message he perceives with a rather large indifference, but it is in his character. The message is very short, without unnecessary words. The conversation lasted two minutes. "

15:00

Pilots of German bombers reported that they had nothing more to bomb, all airfields, barracks and accumulations of armored vehicles were destroyed.

From the memories of Marshal Aviation, Hero of the Soviet Union G.V. Zimina: "On June 22, 1941, large groups of fascist bomber subjected to impacts of 66 of our airfields, on which the basic forces of aviation of Western border districts were based. First of all, airfields were subjected to airfield strikes, on which aviation shelves armed with airplanes of new designs were based ... as a result of strikes on airfields and in fierce air battles, the enemy managed to destroy up to 1,200 aircraft, including 800 at airfields. "

16:30

Stalin went from the Kremlin to the near Dacha. To the leader until the end of the day do not allow politburo members.

From the memories of a member of the Politburo Nikita Khrushchev:
"Beria told the following: when the war began, Stalin had members of the Politburo. I do not know, all or only a certain group, which is most often gathered from Stalin. Stalin was morally completely depressed and made such a statement: "War began, it develops catastrophically. Lenin left us the proletarian Soviet state, and we won it. " Literally so expressed.
"I," says, "I refuse the leadership," and left. I left, got into the car and left for the near country. "

Some historians, referring to the memories of other participants in the events, argue that this conversation occurred in the day later. But the fact that in the first days of the war, Stalin was confused and did not know how to act, confirmed by many witnesses.

18:30

The commander of the 4th Army Ludwig Kyubler gives an order to "pull off their own forces" from the Brest Fortress. This is one of the first orders for the retreat of German troops.

19:00

Commander of the Army Group "Center" General Fyodor von side gives an order to stop the shootings of Soviet prisoners of war. After that, they were kept on rush fenced barbed wires. So the first camps for prisoners of war appeared.

From the notes of the brigadefuer of the SS, G. Keppler, the commander of the shelf "Tel Führer" from the Das Rayich division: "In the hands of our regiment, rich trophies and big number prisoners among which was a lot civilians, even women and girls, Russians forced them to defend themselves with arms in their hands, and they bravely fought together with the Red Army. "

23:00

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill performs with the radio, in which he stated that England "will give Russia and the Russian people to all the help of what can".

Winston Churchill's speech on BBC radio station air: "Over the past 25 years, no one has been a more consistent opponent of communism than me. I will not take back not a single word that I said about him. But all this pale before the spectacle deployed now. The past with his crimes, madness and tragedies disappears ... I see Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of your native land, guarding the fields that their fathers have been processed from time immemorial ... I see how the vile Nazi military car comes to all this.

23:50

The head of the Red Army sent to the Directive No. 3, which orders on June 23 to apply the countermates of the enemy.

Text: Information Center ID "Kommersant", Tatiana Mishanina, Artem Galustyan
Video: Dmitry Shelkovnikov, Alexey Koshel
Photo: TASS, RIA "News", "Spark", Dmitry Kuchv
Design, programming and layout: Anton Zhukov, Alexey Shabra
Kim Voronin
Commissioning Editor: Artem Galustyan

22 June 1941 Year - the beginning of the Great Patriotic War

On June 22, 1941 at 4 am, without declaring war, fascist Germany and its allies attacked the Soviet Union. The beginning of the Great Patriotic War fell not just on Sunday. This was religious holiday All saints, in the land of Russian applicants.

Parts of the Red Army were attacked by German troops throughout the border. Bombarders were subjected to Riga, Window, Libava, Schauliai, Kaunas, Vilnius, Grodno, Lida, Volkovysk, Brest, Kobrin, Slonim, Baranovichi, Bobruisk, Zhytomyr, Kiev, Sevastopol and many other cities, railway junctions, airfields, USSR naval databases The artillery shelling of border fortifications and distlocation areas of Soviet troops near the border from the Baltic Sea to the Carpathians were carried out. The Great Patriotic War began.

Then no one knew that in the history of mankind she would be included as the most bloody. No one guessed that the Soviet people would go through inhuman tests, pass and defeat. Raise the world from fascism, showing everyone that the spirit of the Red Army soldier is not given to break the invaders. Nobody could assume that the names of the city-heroes will be known to the world that Stalingrad will become a symbol of the persistence of our people, Leningrad - a symbol of courage, Brest - a symbol of courage. What, on a par with warriors, the land from the fascist plague of the heroic will protect the old men, women and children.

1418 days and nights of the war.

Over 26 million human lives ...

These photos unites one thing: they are made in the first hours and the days of the beginning of the Great Patriotic.

On the eve of the war

Soviet border guards in the dosor. The photo is interested in the fact that it was made for the newspaper on one of the removal on the Western border of the USSR on June 20, 1941, that is, two days before the war.

Next German aviation

The first hit the border guards and fighters of cover parts. They not only defended, but also passed into counterattacks. A whole month in the rear of the Germans fought a garrison of the Brest Fortress. Even after the enemy managed to master the fortress, its separate defenders continued to resist. The last one was captured by the Germans in the summer of 1942.

The picture was made on 06/24/1941.

For the first 8 hours of war, the Soviet aviation lost 1200 aircraft, of which about 900 were lost on earth (66 airfields were bombarded). The greatest losses of the Western Special Military District - 738 aircraft (528 on Earth). Having learned about such losses, the head of the District Air Force General Major Copets I.I. Shot.

On the morning of June 22, the Moscow radio passed the usual Sundays and peaceful music. Soviet citizens learned about the beginning of the war only at noon, when Vyacheslav Molotov spoke on the radio. He said: "Today, at 4 o'clock in the morning, without presenting any claims to the Soviet Union, without declaring the war, German troops attacked our country."

Poster 1941.

On the same day, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the mobilization of the military-rich 1905-1918 births on the territory of all military districts was published. Hundreds of thousands of men and women received the agenda, were in the military registration and enlistment office, and then they went to the front at the front.

The mobilization capabilities of the Soviet system, multiplied during the Great Patriotic War for Patriotism and the sacrifice of the people, played an important role in organizing energies, especially at the initial stage of war. Call "Everything for the front, everything for victory!" Was perceived by all the people. Hundreds of thousands of Soviet citizens voluntarily went to the existing army. Over the week since the beginning of the war, over 5 million people were mobilized.

The line between the world and the war was invisible, and the change of reality people perceived not immediately. It seemed to many that this is just some kind of masquerade, misunderstanding and soon everything will be resolved.

Stubborn resistance Fascist troops met in battles near Minsk, Smolensk, Vladimir-Volynsky, Mamolemb, Lutsk, Dubno, Rivne, Mogilev, etc.And yet, in the first three weeks of the war, the troops of the Red Army left Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, a significant part of Ukraine and Moldova. Six days after the start of the war, Pal Minsk. The German army has advanced in various directions from 350 to 600 km. The Red Army lost almost 800 thousand people.

The turning point in the perception of the residents of the Soviet Union of the War, of course, became August 14 . It was then that the whole country suddenly learned that the Germans occupied Smolensk . It really was thunder among the clear sky. While the battles went "somewhere there, in the West," and the city flashed in the reports, the location of which many could imagine with great difficulty, it seemed that all the same, the war was still far away. Smolensk is not just the name of the city, this word meant a lot. First, it is already more than 400 km from the border, secondly, only 360 km to Moscow. And thirdly, in contrast to all sorts of wine, Grodno and Molodechno, Smolensk is an ancient purely Russian city.

The resistance of the Red Army in the summer of 1941 disrupted Hitler's plans. The fascists failed to quickly take any Moscow nor Leningrad, and since September the long defense of Leningrad begins. In Polar, the Soviet troops in cooperation with the Northern Fleet defended Murmansk and the main database of the fleet - polar. Although in Ukraine in October - November, the opponent seized Donbass, she mastered Rostov, broke into the Crimea, nevertheless, and here his troops were sought by the defense of Sevastopol. Connections of the Army Group "South" could not pass through the Kerch Strait to reach the rear soviet troopsremaining in dona lower reaches.

Minsk 1941. Execution of Soviet prisoners of war

September 30th within operations "Typhoon" Germans began general attack on Moscow . Its beginning was unfavorable for Soviet troops. Pali Bryansk and Vyazma. October 10, the commander of the Western Front was appointed G.K. Zhukov. October 19, Moscow was declared in siege. In bloody fights, the Red Army still managed to stop the enemy. Strengthening the "Center" armies group, the German command in mid-November resumed an offensive to Moscow. Overcoming the resistance of the Western, Kalinin and right wing of the South-Western fronts, the strike groups of the enemy went around the city from the north and south and by the end of the month they went to the Moscow-Volga channel (25-30 km from the capital), approached Kashira. On this, German offensive choked. The explosion group of the Army Center "Center" was forced to go to defense, which also contributed to the successful offensive operations of the Soviet troops near Tikhvin (November 10 - December 30) and Rostov (November 17 - December 2). December 6 began counteroffensive red army As a result of which the enemy was discarded from Moscow at 100 - 250 km. Kaluga, Kalinin (Tver), Maloyaroslavets, etc. were liberated.

On guard of Moscow sky. Autumn 1941

The victory near Moscow had a huge strategic and moral and political importance, since she was the first since the beginning of the war.The immediate threat to Moscow was liquidated.

Although as a result of the summer-autumn campaign, our army moved to 850 - 1200 km deep into the country, and in the hands of the aggressor, the most important economic regions were in the hands of the aggressor, while Blitzkrig's plans were torn. The Nazi leadership was before the inevitable prospect of a protracted war. The victory near Moscow has also changed the placement of forces in the international arena. The Soviet Union began to look at how the decisive factor of the Second World War. Japan was forced to refrain from the attack on the USSR.

In the winter of the Red Army, there was an offensive on other fronts. However, consolidated success failed primarily due to spraying forces and means at the front of a huge length.

During the offensive of German troops in May 1942, in 10 days, the Crimean Front was defeated on the Kerch Peninsula. May 15 I had to leave Kerch, and July 4, 1942 After stubborn defense fell Sevastopol. The enemy completely mastered the Crimea. In July - August, Rostov, Stavropol and Novorossiysk were captured. Stubborn battles were conducted in the central part of the Caucasian ridge.

Hundreds of thousands of our compatriots turned out to be more than 14 thousand concentration camps, prisons, ghetto scattered throughout Europe. Infectious figures testify about the scale of tragedy: only in the territory of Russia, the fascist invaders shot, stroke in gas chambers, burned, hung 1,7 million. Man (including 600 thousand children). In total, about 5 million Soviet citizens died in concentration camps.

But, despite the stubborn battles, the fascists failed to solve their main task - to break through in the Transcaucasus to master the oil reserves Baku. At the end of September, the offensive of the fascist troops in the Caucasus was stopped.

To deterrence the enemy Natius in the Eastern direction, the Stalingrad Front was created under the command of Marshal S.K. Tymoshenko. On July 17, 1942, an opponent under the command of General Background Paulus inflicted a powerful blow to the Stalingrad Front. In August, the fascists in stubborn battles broke through the Volga. Since the beginning of September 1942, the heroic defense of Stalingrad began. The battles were literally for each place of the Earth, for each house. Both sides carried colossal losses. By mid-November, the fascists were forced to stop the offensive. The heroic resistance of the Soviet troops made it possible to create favorable conditions for the transition of them into a counteroffensive under Stalingrad and thereby putting the start of the indigenous transference during the war.

By November 1942, almost 40% of the population was in German occupation. The regions captured by the Germans submitted to the military and civil administration. In Germany, a special ministry was established in the case of occupied regions headed by A. Rosenberg. Political supervision was provided by the SS and Police services. In places, the invaders have formed the so-called self-government - urban and district councils, the posts were introduced in the villages. To cooperate was attracted by persons displeased Soviet power. All residents of the occupied territories, not looking at age, were obliged to work. In addition, they participated in the construction of roads and defensive structures, they were forced to neutralize the mine fields. Civilian populationMostly young people were also sent for forced work to Germany, where they were called "Ostarabeiter" and used as cheap labor. In total during the war years, 6 million people were hijacked. More than 6.5 million people were destroyed from hunger and epidemics in the occupied territory, more than 11 million Soviet citizens were shot in camps and at the place of residence.

November 19, 1942 Soviet troops switched to counteroffensive under Stalingrad (Operation "Uranus"). The structures of the Red Army were surrounded by 22 divisions and 160 separate parts of the Wehrmacht (about 330 thousand people). The Hitler's command has formed a group of the Don Army as part of 30 divisions and tried to break through the environment. However, this attempt was not crowned with success. In December, our troops, defeating this grouping, began an offensive on Rostov (Saturn Operation). By the beginning of February 1943, our troops eliminated the grouping of the fascist troops that were in the ring. 91 thousand people led by the commander of the 6th German army of General - Field Marshal von Paulus, headed by the commander of the 6th German army. Per 6.5 months of the Battle of Stalingrad (July 17, 1942 - February 2, 1943) Germany and its allies lost up to 1.5 million people, as well as a huge amount of technology. The military power of fascist Germany was significantly undermined.

The defeat near Stalingrad caused a deep political crisis in Germany. Three-day mourning was announced in it. Fell the fighting spirit of German soldiers, the affected moods covered the broad layers of the population, which less believed to the Führer.

The victory of the Soviet troops near Stalingrad marked the beginning of a native fired during World War II. The strategic initiative finally passed into the hands of the Soviet Armed Forces.

In January-February 1943, the Red Army is offensive on all fronts. In the Caucasian direction, Soviet troops advanced by the summer of 1943 by 500 - 600 km. In January 1943, Leningrad blocade was broken.

The command of the Wehrmacht planned in the summer of 1943 Conduct a large strategic offensive operation in the Kursk Region (Operation "Citadel") , defeat the Soviet troops here, and then strike into the rear of the South-Western Front (Operation "Panther") and subsequently, developing success, to re-establish a threat to Moscow. To this end, up to 50 divisions, including 19 tank and motorized, and other parts are only over 900 thousand people, were concentrated in the Kursk Arc area. This group was opposed by the troops of the Central and Voronezh fronts, who had 1.3 million people. During the battle, the largest tank battle of the Second World War took place during the Battle of the Kursk Dug.

From July 5, 1943, a massive offensive of Soviet troops began. Within 5 - 7 days, our troops, stubbornly defending it, stopped the enemy, stunned by 10 - 35 km behind the front line, and moved to counteroffensive. It started July 12 in the area of \u200b\u200bProkhorovka where the oncoming tank battle in the history of wars occurred (with the participation of up to 1,200 tanks on both sides). In August 1943, our troops mastered the eagle and Belgorod. In honor of this victory in Moscow for the first time, the salute of the 12th artillery volley was produced. Continuing the offensive, our troops caused a crushing defeat.

In September, left-bank Ukraine and Donbass were liberated. On November 6, the compounds of the 1st Ukrainian Front entered Kiev.

Throwing the enemy by 200 - 300 km from Moscow, the Soviet troops began to liberate Belarus. From that moment on, our command kept the strategic initiative until the end of the war. From November 1942 to December 1943 Soviet army It has advanced to the West for 500 - 1300 km, freeing about 50% occupied opponent of the territory. 218 divisions of the enemy were defeated. During this period, the Enemy's big damage was caused by partisan compounds, in the ranks of which up to 250 thousand people fought.

Significant success of the Soviet troops in 1943, the diplomatic and military-political cooperation of the USSR, the United States and the UK was activated. On November 28 - December 1, 1943, the Tehran Conference "Big Three" with the participation of I. Stalin (USSR), W. Churchill (United Kingdom) and F. Roosevelt (USA) took place.The leaders of the leading powers of the anti-Hitler coalition determined the deadlines for opening the second front in Europe ( amusement operation "Overlord" was scheduled for May 1944).

Tehran Conference "Big Troika" with the participation of I. Stalin (USSR), W. Churchill (United Kingdom) and F. Roosevelt (USA).

In the spring of 1944, he was cleared of the enemy of the Crimea.

At these favorable conditions, Western allies, after two-year training, opened the second front in Europe in the north of France. June 6, 1944 United Anglo-American Force (General D.Aizenhuer), who had over 2.8 million people, up to 11 thousand combat aircraft, over 12 thousand combat and 41 thousand transport ships, crossing the strait of La Mans and Pa-De- Kale, began the largest over the war years asphant Norman surgery (Overlord) and in August joined Paris.

Continuing to develop a strategic initiative, Soviet troops in the summer of 1944 launched a powerful offensive in Karelia (June 10 - August 9), Belarus (June 23 - August 29), in Western Ukraine (July 13 - 29) and Moldova (20 - 29 August).

In the course Belarusian operation (code name "Bagration") the group of army "Center" was defeated, Soviet troops liberated Belarus, Latvia, part of Lithuania, eastern part Poland and came out to the border with East Prussia.

The victories of the Soviet troops in the southern direction in the autumn of 1944 helped Bulgarian, Hungarian, Yugoslav and Czechoslovak nations in their liberation from fascism.

As a result of the hostilities of 1944, the State Border of the USSR, treacherously disturbed by Germany in June 1941, was restored throughout Barentshev to the Black Sea. The fascists were expelled from Romania, Bulgaria, from most areas of Poland and Hungary. In these countries, the proper regimes were overthrown, patriotic forces came to power. The Soviet army entered the territory of Czechoslovakia.

While the block of fascist states was collapsed, the antihytler coalition was streaked, as evidenced by the success of the Crimean (Yalta) conference of the heads of the USSR, the United States and the United Kingdom (from 4 to 11 February 1945).

But still a decisive role in the defeat of the enemy on final stage Played the Soviet Union. Thanks to the titanic efforts of the entire people, the technical equipment and armament of the army and the USSR fleet by the beginning of 1945 reached the highest level. In January - early April 1945, as a result of a powerful strategic offensive on the entire Soviet-German front forces of ten fronts, the Soviet army resolutely defeated the main forces of the enemy. During the East Prussian, Visol-Oder, West Carpathian and Completion of Budapest operations, Soviet troops created conditions for further strikes in Pomerania and Silesia, and then for the attack on Berlin. Almost all Poland and Czechoslovakia were liberated, the whole territory of Hungary.

Taking the capital of the Third Reich and the final defeat of fascism was carried out during Berlin Operation (April 16 - May 8, 1945).

April 30 in the Reichskancellery bunker Hitler committed suicide .

On the morning of May 1, over Reichstag Sergeants M.A. Egorov and M.V. Cantarium was driving a red banner as a symbol of victory to the Soviet people. On May 2, Soviet troops fully mastered the city. Attempts by the New German Government, which on May 1, 1945 after suicide A. Hitler was headed by Gross - Admiral K. Denitz, to achieve a separate world with the United States and the UK failed.

May 9, 1945 at 0 h. 43 min. In the suburb of Berlin, Karlshorst was signed an act on the unconditional surrender of the Armed Forces of Fascist Germany. From the Soviet side, this historical document signed a hero of war, Marshal G.K. Zhukov, from Germany - Feldmarshal Kaitel. On the same day, the remnants of the last major grouping of the enemy were defeated in Czechoslovakia in the Prague area. City Liberation Day - May 9 - became the day of the victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. The news of the victory with lightning speed was separated worldwide. The Soviet people, who suffered the greatest losses, met her in nationwide. Truly great holiday "with tears in his eyes".

In Moscow on Victory Day, a festive salute from a thousand guns was produced.

Great Patriotic War 1941-1945

Material prepared Sergey Shalyak

Judging by the documents, on June 22, 1941, Hitler's troops were almost unhindered in the Soviet Union ...

The Ministry of Defense published unique documents on the first battles of the Red Army in the Great Patriotic War.

Today, June 22, on the day of memory and sorrow on the website of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, unique historical documents are published, telling about the first battles of the Great Patriotic War. The Department of Information and Mass Communications of the Office, together with the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense, was carried out large-scale work on the survey and the digitization of the previously not published primary sources of the period of June - early July 1941.

Undoubted interest will cause for the first time a published copy of the Directive of the People's Commissar Defense of the USSR No. 1 dated June 22, 1941, signed by Zhukov and Tymoshenko and transmitted on the night of June 22 commander of the 3rd, 4th and 10th armies. Also, the project was first introduced a trophy map of the initial stage "Barbaross Plan", where, in addition to detailed accommodation at the borders of the USSR borders of the German-fascist troops, indicated by the planned directions of the main blows of the Wehrmacht's troops in the first days of the war. Special attention deserves a declassified combat order of the People's Commissar of Defense No. 2 dated June 22, 1941, a personally compiled by the head of the RKKKA Zhukov's head, after three hours after the start of the war - at 7:15 in the morning. It is noteworthy that the order prescribes the troops of the Red Army "with all the forces and means to fall into the enemy forces and destroy them in areas where they violated the Soviet border," and bomber and assault aviation destroy the enemy aircraft at the airfields of the basing and grouping of ground troops "to the depth of German territory up to 100-150 kilometers. " At the same time, it was stated that "not to do with the territory of Finland and Romania to special instructions." On the turnover of the last sheet of this document is the attack of Gzhukova: "T [s]. Vatutin. Romania is bombing. "

For the handwritten rows of this unique document - in fact, the first combat order of the People's Commissariat of Defense - it reads the colossal stress and the tragedy of the first hours of the broken war. According to the documents, the conditions in which our troops entered the war, all participants in the first fights describe in one word "unexpectedly", and the Soviet leadership until the latter pulled out open resistance to the invaders. So, despite the cases of shelling by the German aircraft of Soviet soldiers and battles with border guards, from the headquarters of the 5th Army, an indication was recorded: "It is not for the provocation to the provocation, it does not shoot on the aircraft ... The Germans have begun to fight with our border shops. This is another provocation. Do not go to the provocation. Troops raise anxiety, but not to give cartridges. "

The published documents of the Ministry of Defense are the fruit of the work of a group of specialists under the direction of General Colonel A.P. Pokrovsky, which in 1952 began to develop a description of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Apparently, the project was approved by Stalin. For a more complete and objective presentation of events, issues related to the period of deploying the troops of the Baltic, Kiev and Belarusian Special Military districts on the "State Border Defense Plan of the State Border of 1941" were formulated.

Five main issues were allocated:

1. Whether the state border defense plan was brought to the troops. If so, when and what was done by command and troops to ensure the implementation of this plan.
2. Since what time and on the basis of which order, the troops of the cover began access to the state border, and how many of them were deployed for the defense of the border before the start of hostilities.
3. When a disposal was received about bringing troops in combat readiness in connection with the expected attack on fascist Germany in the morning of June 22. What and when the guidelines were given to the instructions in pursuance of this order and what was done.
4. Why most of the artillery of the corps and divisions were in training camps.
5. As far as the headquarters of the part was prepared for the management of troops, and to what extent this was reflected during the operation of the first days of war.

The tasks were sent by commander of the districts, armies, corpus commanders, divisions that carried out the management in the first days of the war. The materials received for the authorship of the well-known Soviet military leaders were carefully studied and analyzed. The conclusions were sufficiently shocking: "The Soviet government and the top command really appreciating the situation of the 1940-1941 period, they felt the incomplete readiness of the country and the army to reflect the attack on the part of the fascist Germany - the enemy of a strong and well-armed at the expense of the robbery of Western European countries, with two-year experience fighting. Based on the objective reality of that time, by order to bring troops into full combat readiness, the leadership of the country did not want to give a reason to Hitler to unleash the war in extremely unable to us, hoped to delay the war. " Therefore, for the army and commander of the troops, the attack of the Nazis became a "complete surprise", despite the fact that Soviet intelligence was well aware of the plans of the Wehrmacht.

From the report, Lieutenant General Kuzma, Kuzma, which in 1941 was the Deputy Head of the Intelligence Department of the Staff of the Baltic Special Military District (North-Western Front):

"The grouping of the German fascist troops on the eve of the war in the Memelsk region, in Eastern Prussia and in the Svalk region in the last days Before the war was known for the Staff of the district quite fully and in its large part and in detail. The open grouping of the German-fascist troops on the eve of the hostilities was expelled by the deployment [district headquarters] as an offensive group with a significant saturation of tanks and motorized parts. The command and headquarters have had reliable data on the strengthened and direct preparation of fascist Germany to war against the Soviet Union 2-3 months before the start of hostilities. Since the second week of the war, a lot of attention was paid to the organization of detachments sent to the enemy rear with the aim of intelligence and sabotage, as well as organizing intelligence radio property groups in the enemy rear and radio property in the territory occupied by our troops, in case of their forced departure. " "In the following months, the information obtained from our groups and detachments operating in the enemy's rear has improved all the time and represented great value. It was reported on the observed personally concentration of the German-fascist troops in the border areas, since the end of February of the month, about the German officers conducted by German officers along the border, the preparation of the Germans of artillery positions, strengthening the construction of long-term defensive structures in the border strip, as well as gas and bomb shelter in the cities of East Prussia "

But if the German preparation for the intelligence was an obvious fact for intelligence, then for the commander of the troops on June 22, it became a complete surprise.

From the report of Lieutenant General Peter Sovennikov, who in 1941 commanded the troops of the 8th Army of the Baltic Special Military District (North-Western Front):

"As far as unexpectedly, the war began to judge, for example, for the fact that the personnel of a heavy artillery regiment, moving along railway on the
Dawn on June 22, arriving at Art. Shauliy and seeing the bombing of our airfields, believed that "maneuvers began." "And at this time, almost all the aviation of the Baltic Military District was burned at the airfields. For example, from a mixed air traffic police, which must support 8 army, 5 or 6 Sat aircraft left on June 22 left on June 22 "

"... For about 10-11 hours on June 18, I received the order to bring part of divisions into my defense sites by the morning of June 19, and Colonel-General Kuznetsov [Commander of the Provision]
I ordered me to go to the right flank, and I myself personally went to Taurage, taking the obligation to lead to a combat readiness 10 Rifle Corps of General Major Schumilov. The head of the army headquarters I sent to N.P. Kelgava with the orders to bring the headquarters of the army to the command post. "

"During June 19, 3 Rifle Divisions were deployed (10th, 90th and 125th). Parts of these divisions were located in the prepared trenches and zotes. Long-term structures were not ready. Even on the night of June 22, I personally received the order from the headquarters of the Klenov Front in a very categorical form - to dawn on June 22, the troops from the border, bring them out of the troops, which I categorically refused to do and the troops remained in positions. "

From the report, Major General Nikolai Ivanova, who in 1941 was the head of the 6th Army of the Kiev Special Military District (South-Western Front):

"Despite the unconditional signs of large concentration of the German troops, the commander of the Kiev Special Military District, the commander forbade the part of the cover, to bring troops into combat readiness, and even more so strengthen them even after the start of the shelling of the State Government and Aviation raids at night from June 21 to June 22, 1941 On June 22, this was permitted when the Germans had already passed the State Granitsa and acted in our territory. "

From the report of Major General Pavel Abramidze, who in 1941 was the head of the operative department of the headquarters of the Kiev Special Military District (South-Western Front):

"To the treacherous attack ... I and commanders of parts of my compound did not know the content of the mobilization plan, the so-called - MP-41 years. After his opening, in the first hour of the war, everyone was convinced that defensive work, command-staff teachings with access to the field, proceeded strictly from the 41 year mobilization plan, developed by the headquarters of the Kiev Special Military District and approved by the General Staff. "

As Major General Boris Fomin, Head of the Operational Department of the 12th Army headquarters of the Belarusian Special Military District (Western Front), "extracts from the state border defense plans (...) were kept in the headquarters of corps and divisions in sealed" red "packages. The disposal of the opening of red packages from the district headquarters followed in the outcome of June 21. The hit of the opponent's aviation (3.50 June 22) found troops at the time of their nomination for their defense. According to the approved defense plan of the 1941 statement, in connection with the concentration of major German forces to the State Government, an increase in the number of troops included in the plan "was provided. "The defense of the border before the start of hostilities did not deal with divisions. Radio stations in the controls of the army bombing were broken.

The Office had to carry out communication officers, the relationship was supported by U-2 aircraft, SB, armored vehicles and passenger cars. " "For the delivery of the encrypted order, I was sent for a single aircraft U-2 with the orders to sit near the CP and hand the order; For one plane, Sat to each army with the orders to reset near the CP of a parachutist with an encrypted order for delivery; And on one armored person with an officer to give the same encrypted order. Results: All y-2 are shot down, all armored vehicles are burned, and only 2 parachutists with orders were reset from the CP of the 10th Army. To find out the front line had to use fighters. "

Major General Mikhail Zashbalov, Commander in 1941, the 86th Rifle Division of the 5th Rifle Corps of the 10th Army of the Belarusian Special Military District (Western Front) said that he was "at an hour on June 22, 1941 by the Corps commander was called to the phone And received the following instructions - the headquarters of the division, regiment headquarters to raise anxiety and collect them at the location. Rifle shelves on battle alarm are not lifted, for what to wait for his order. In the 2.00 chief of the division headquarters reported information received from the head of the Nursian border observation, which the German-fascist troops approach the West Bug river and bring forwarding to the river. After the report of the headquarters of the division at 2 hours and 10 minutes, on June 22, 1941, he ordered a "storm" signal and raise the rifle shelves on the alarm and to act as a forced march to occupy areas and defense regions. At 2.40 June 22, he received an order to open the package of the Corps Commander, stored in my safe, from which I became known - to raise a military alarm division and act according to the decision taken by me and order in the division, which I was done on my initiative an hour earlier. "

In turn, in 1952, Marshal of the Soviet Union Ivan Bagramyan (June 22, 1941 - Head of the Operational Department of the Department of Kiev Special Military District (South-Western Front) in his report noted that "troops who directly carried out the cover of the state border had in detail the developed plans And the documentation to the regiment is inclusive. Along the entire border, field positions were prepared for them. These troops were the first operational echelon, and were stationed directly at the borders. They began to deploy under the cover of the fortified areas with the beginning of hostilities. Incidental access to the prepared positions of the general The headquarters was forbidden to not give a reason for provoking the war from the Fascist Germany. "

In 1952, the specialists of the group of General Colonel A.P. Pokrovsky received disorderly information on the requested questions. So the very first and important question - Whether the state border defense plan was brought to the troops, some commanders reported that the plan was brought to them in advance, and they had the opportunity to develop their plans with the construction of combat orders and the definition of combat sites. Others responded that they were not familiar with the plan, and they got it in the sealed packages directly in the first days of the war. So in one of the reports that researchers received, it was said: "Parts of the 99th Rifle Division of the 26th Army of the Kiev Special Military District were located at the state border, while in constant combat readiness, and in a very short time they could take their places of the harrow, But conflicting orders received from the highest command did not allow our artilleryrs to open fire on the enemy until 10.00 am on June 22. And only at 4.00 am on June 23, after a 30-minute art preparation, our troops knocked the opponent from the Gloleshl busy and liberated the city where there were many Soviet citizens, including the family of the officer. " There were such recognition by the commander of the troops: "Parts of the divisions of the 5th Army of the Kiev Special Military District entered into battle with the Germans in extremely difficult conditions, since martialctions They began suddenly and came as a surprise, while one third of the troops were on defensive work, and the campsite artillery was on the army camp collection. " "In the Baltic Special Military District, the Germans began a war at 4.00 am on June 22 by artillery preparation and shooting of direct vending along feeders, border shops, settlements, creating many foci of fires, after which they switched to the offensive. The main efforts of the enemy focused in the directions of Palanga-Libava, in the shore of the Baltic Sea, they managed the city of Cinting, along the Klaipeda highway.

Part 10 of the Rifle Division reflected Fire attacks of the Germans and repeatedly passed into the counterattacks, led well defensive battles for the entire depth of assuring to p. Mine, Plung, Retow. In view of the established situation, to the outcome of June 22, the division commander was received by the order from the commander of the 10th Rifle Corps - to depart. " The fact that the Soviet leadership until the latter tried to pull the fighting with the enemy, thereby hoping to avoid the war, says the document with the following content: "And even, despite the events of the shelling by the German aircraft of Soviet servicemen and border guards, from the headquarters of the 5th Army Received an indication: "It is not amenable to provocate, it does not shoot on the aircraft ... the Germans began to fight with our border shops. This is another provocation. Do not go to the provocation. The troops raise the alarm, but the cartridges are not allowed. "

According to the disclosed documents, at dawn on June 22, almost all the aircraft has been burned on airfields. Of the mixed air majorvisia, the arrival of the 8th Army of the district, to 15 o'clock on June 22, 5 or 6 SB aircraft remained. As for the participation of artillery in the first days of the war, most of them were in the district and army fees according to the orders of the district headquarters. As soon as active clashes began with an opponent, artillery parts arrived in their progress to the fighting areas and occupied the right positions. The divisions that remained in the locations of their parts took direct part in the support of our troops until there was a fuel for tractors. When the fuel is over, the artillerymen were forced to blow up guns and equipment. The conditions in which our troops entered the war, all participants in the first fighting describe in one word "unexpectedly". The situation was the same in all three districts. But by 26 June, having recovered from a sudden strike, the headquarters took over the guidance of military actions. The difficulties of managing the troops were manifested in almost everything: the unparallement of some headquarters, the lack of the necessary number of communications (radio and transport), the protection of the headquarters, vehicles for movements, disturbed wire communications. The rear management was difficult because of the supply system remaining from the peacetime - "district regiment". For these and many other reasons, in the early days of the war, the German army inflicted a serious damage to the Soviet Defense System: military headquarters were destroyed, the activities of communication services were paralyzed, strategically important objects were captured. The German army was incurred by a rapid pace of the USSR in a rapid pace, and by July 10, the Army Center (Commander Side Commander), capturing Belarus, went to Smolensk, the South Army Group (Commander Rundstedt Commander) seized the Rentast Bank, the North Army Group ( Commander of the background Leeba occupied part of the Baltic States. The losses of the Red Army (taking into account the surrounding) amounted to more than two million people. The current situation was for the USSR catastrophic. But the Soviet mobilization resources were very high, and by early July, 5 million people were called to the Red Army, which made it possible to close the bars formed at the front. And after 4 years soviet soldiers Raised the Red Flag over Reichstag.

Declassified documents on the first days of war: Directive of the People's Commissariat of Defense (NPO) of the USSR (including a copy of Directive No. 1 of June 22, 1941), orders and reporting commanders of military units and compounds, orders for awards, trophy maps and country management decrees.

On June 22, 1941, the Directive of the People's Commissioner of the USSR Defense of the Seeds of Tymoshenko was transferred from Moscow. A few hours before that, the soldiers of the 90th border squad of the Sokalskoye departure detained the German military personnel of the 221st regiment of the 15th Infantry Division of Wehrmacht Alfred Liskov, which the Bug border river crossed. He was taken to the city of Vladimir-Volynsky, where he said at the interrogation that at dawn on June 22, the German army will go to the offensive throughout the Soviet-German border. The information was transferred to the upstream command.

Directive text:

"Commander of the 3rd, 4th, 10th armies I transfer the order of the defense addict for immediate execution:

1. During June 22-23, 1941, a sudden attack of the Germans on the fronts of the Lavoy (Leningrad military overseas are ... RBC), Pribovovo (the Baltic Special Military District, transformed to the North-West Front. - RBC), Zapovo (Western Special Military District, transformed into the West Front. - RBC), Coo (Kiev Special Military District, transformed into the South-West Front - RBC), ODO (Odessa Military District - RBC). The attack can begin with provocative actions.
2. The task of our troops is not to succumb to any provocative actions that can cause major complications.
3. Order:

• During the night, on June 22, 1941, it is safe to take firepoints of fortified areas at the state border;
• before dawn on June 22, 1941, dispersed on the field airfields all the aircraft, including the military, carefully disguised;
• all parts lead to combat readiness without additional lifting of the assignment. Prepare all events on the dimming of cities and objects.

No other events without a special order not to spend. "

The directive was signed by the commander of the Western Front forces by Dmitry Pavlov, the head of the Western Front headquarters, Vladimir Klimovsky, a member of the Military Council of Cape Alexander Fominy.

In July Pavlov, Klimovsky, Head of the Western Front, Major General Andrei Grigoriev, Commander of the 4th Army, Major General Alexander Kontrokov were accused of inaction and collapse of the management of troops, which led to the breakthrough of the front, and were sentenced to the Supreme Court of the USSR to shoot. The verdict was carried out in July 1941. After the death of Stalin were rehabilitated.

Text of the order:

"Military Councils of LAV, Pribovo, Zavodovo, Coo, EDO.

On June 22, 1941, at 4 o'clock in the morning, German aviation took a raid on our airfields along the western border and subjected them to bombardment. At the same time, German troops opened an artillery fire in different places and switched to our border.

In connection with the attack of Germany, the Soviet Union is ordered by the attack on the Soviet Union ... "<...>

<...> "The troops with all their forces and means to fall on the enemy forces and destroy them in areas where they violated the Soviet border.

In the future, before a special disposal, the border does not move the border.

Intelligence and Combat Aviation establish the places of concentration of the opponent's aviation and the grouping of its ground troops. "<...>

<...> "The" powerful blows of bombarding and assault aviation to destroy aviation at the opponent's airfields and bomb the basic groups of its ground troops. Aviation strikes apply to the depth of German territory to 100-150 km.

Bomb Komenigsberg (today Kaliningrad. - RBC) And Memel (naval base and port in Lithuania. - RBC).

On the territory of Finland and Romania to special instructions of the raids do not do. "

Signatures: Tymoshenko, Malenkov (Georgy Malenkov - Member of the Chief Military Council of the Red Army. - RBC), Zhukov (Georgy Zhukov - Head of the General Staff of the Red Army, Deputy People's Commissar of the Defense of the USSR. - RBC).

"TOV. Vatutin (Nikolai Vatutin - First Deputy Zhukov. - RBC). Romania is bombing. "

Trophy map "Barbarossa Plan"

In 1940-1941 Germany has developed a plan for attacking the USSR, which suggests a "lightning war". The plan and the operation were named after the King of Germany and the emperor of the Sacred Roman Empire of Friedrich I Barbarossa.

From the brief combat history of the 158th Fighter Aviamol with a description of the features of the younger lieutenants Kharitonov and Great

The first soldiers who, during the war, assigned the title of the heroes of the Soviet Union, became the pilots of Peter Kharitonov and Stepan Healthy. On June 28, on his fighters I-16, for the first time during the defense of Leningrad applied to German aircraft. July 8, they were assigned ranks.

Chartonov action schemes

After the war, Peter Kharitonov continued to serve in the Air Force. In 1953 he graduated from the Air Academy, since 1955 went tove. He lived in Donetsk, where he worked at the headquarters of the city's civil defense.

Scheme action of great-hearth

After receiving July 8, 1941, the title of the Hero of the Soviet School of Healthy, on July 9, flew to exploration. On the back path In the area of \u200b\u200bPskov, he entered into battle with German fighters. His plane was shot down, the healthy died.

Western Special Military District. Department No. 2

On June 22, 1941, the 99th Infantry Division stood in the Polish city of Peremyshl, who was one of the first to be captured by German troops. On June 23, the parts of the division managed to repel some of the city and restore the border.

"Intelligence Company No. 2 Staff (division headquarters. - RBC) 99 Forest Bratas (village in the Lviv region. - RBC) 19:30 June 22, 1941

The enemy forces the San River (the influx of Wisla, proceeds through the territory of Ukraine and Poland. - RBC) In the area of \u200b\u200bBarich, took Stubenko (settlement in Poland. - RBC) Before the infantry battalion. The infantry battalion occupies Gurtchko (village in Ukraine. - RBC), Minor horse-drawn groups at 16:00 appeared in the mouse (settlement in Poland. - RBC). At 13:20, the enemy is occupied by the hospital Mix the unidentified number.

Cutting to the shelf of infantry on the opposite bank of the River San in the area to add. Casting infantry / small groups / 1 km south of Gurtchko.

16:00 to the division of artillery led fire from the Dustsove district (village in Poland. - RBC). Up to three divisions of artillery of large calibers at 19:30 led fire on m. Medica (village in Poland. - RBC) From the districts of Maikovets, Dunkovichki, Patch.

Conclusions: At the front of Grabovets-Moving Over one PD (Infantry Division. - RBC), reinforced artillery / unidentified number.

Presumably the main grouping of the enemy on the right flank of the division.

It is necessary to establish: the action of the enemy before the right [inaudible] division.

Printed in 5 copies. "

Signatures: Chief of Staff of the 99th Rifle Division Colonel Gorokhov, Head Deposit Captain Didkovsky.

June 21, 1941, 13:00. German troops receive the Dortmund code signal confirming that the invasion starts the next day.

Commander of the 2nd Tank Group of the Center for Army Center Geinz Guderian He writes in his diary: "Careful observation of the Russians convinced me that they are not suspected of our intentions. In the courtyard of the Brest fortress, which was viewed from our observation points, they spent the sounds of Karaulov under the sounds of the orchestra. Coastal fortifications along the Western Bug were not busy with Russian troops. "

21:00. The fighters of the 90th border detachment of the Social Comferdence detained the German soldier, crossed the border river Bug climb. The rank is aimed at the headquarters of the town of Vladimir-Volynsky.

23:00. German mine chargers who were in Finnish ports began to minimize the exit from the Gulf of Finland. At the same time, Finnish submarines began to produce mines off the coast of Estonia.

June 22, 1941, 0:30. The rank is delivered to Vladimir-Volynsky. At the interrogation of soldiers called Alfred Liskov, Military personnel of the 221st regiment of the 15th Infantry Division of the Wehrmacht. He said that at dawn on June 22, the German army will go to the offensive throughout the Soviet-German border. Information is transferred to the upstream command.

At the same time, the transfer of Directive No. 1 of the Defense People's Commissariat for parts of Western military districts begins. "During June 22 - 23, 1941, there is a sudden attack of the Germans on the fronts of the LVA, Pribovovo, Zavodovo, Coo, ODO. The attack may begin with provocative actions, "said the directive. - "The task of our troops is not to succumb to any provocative actions that can cause major complications."

Parts were prescribed to lead to combat readiness, secretly take firepoints of fortified areas at the state border, aviation dispersed on field airfields.

To bring the Directive to military units before starting hostilities, as a result, the measures specified in it are not implemented.

Mobilization. Columns of fighters move to the front. Photo: RIA Novosti

"I realized that this Germans opened fire on our territory"

1:00. The commandants of the 90th frontier sections report the head of the detachment by Major Bychkovsky: "Nothing suspicious on the adjacent side is not selected, everything is calm."

3:05 . A group of 14 German bombers JU-88 resets 28 magnetic mines from the Kronstadt raid.

3:07. The Commander of the Black Sea Fleet Vice-Admiral Oktyabrsky reports the Chief of General Staff General Zhukov: "The system of [air surveillance, alert and communications] of the fleet reports about the approach from the sea of \u200b\u200ba large number of unknown aircraft; The fleet is in full combat readiness. "

3:10. UNKB in the Lviv region has a telephone message in the NKGB of the Ukrainian SSR, information obtained during the interrogation of the Alfred Liskov's deferment.

From the memories of the chief of the 90th border of the Major Bychkovsky: "Without ending the interrogation of a soldier, heard a strong artillery fire in the direction of Ustilug (the first commandanttry). I realized that these Germans opened fire in our territory, which was confirmed by the interrogated soldier. Immediately began to call the commandant, but the connection was broken ... "

3:30. Head of the headquarters of the Western District General Klimovskyshe reports on the tax of enemy aviation on the city of Belarus: Brest, Grodno, Lida, Kobrin, Slonim, Baranavichy and others.

3:33. The chief of staff of the Kiev District, General Perkarev reports to the airborne tax on the city of Ukraine, including Kiev.

3:40. Commander of the Baltic Military District General Kuznetsov Reports on raids by enemy aviation in Riga, Schauliai, Vilnius, Kaunas and other cities.

"The enemy flaw is repulsed. Attempt to strike on our ships

3:42. Head of the General Staff Zhukov calls Stalin I. Reports the beginning of Germany fighting. Stalin orders Tymoshenko And Zhukov arrive in the Kremlin, where the emergency meeting of the Politburo convenes.

3:45. The 1st frontier of the 86th of the August border detachment is attacked by a reconnaissance-sabotage group of the enemy. Personal formation under command Alexandra Sivacheva, enhancing the battle, destroys the attackers.

4:00. The Commander of the Black Sea Fleet Vice-Admiral Oktyabrsky reports Zhukov: "The enemy falling off. Attempting to strike on our ships is Torn. But in Sevastopol there is a destruction. "

4:05. The heads of the 86th of the August Border Council, including the 1st border guard of Senior Lieutenant Sivachev, are subjected to a powerful artillery shelling, after which a German offensive begins. Border guards, devoid of communication with the command, come into battle with superior enemy forces.

4:10. Western and Baltic special military districts report on the start of the hostilities of the German troops in the land plots.

4:15. Nazis open massive artillery fire in the Brest Fortress. As a result, warehouses were destroyed, the connection was broken, there is a large number of killed and wounded.

4:25. The 45th Infantry Division of the Wehrmacht begins an offensive to the Brest Fortress.

The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Residents of the capital June 22, 1941 during the announcement on the Radio Government Report on the perfidious attack of fascist Germany to the Soviet Union. Photo: RIA Novosti

"Protection of non-individual countries, but to ensure the safety of Europe"

4:30. The Kremlin begins a meeting of the Politburo Members. Stalin expresses doubt that what happened is the beginning of the war and does not exclude the version of the German provocation. The drug defense of Tymoshenko and Zhukov insist: this is a war.

4:55. In the Brest Fortress, the Hitlerians manage to capture almost half of the territory. Further progress is stopped by a sudden counterattack of redarmeys.

5:00. German Ambassador to the USSR Graph von Schulenburg presents the People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs of the USSR Molotov "Note of the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the Soviet government", which says: "The German government cannot indispensively relates to a serious threat on the eastern border, so the Führer gave orders to the German armed forces to take this threat to all means." An hour after the actual start of hostilities, Germany de Jura declares the war to the Soviet Union.

5:30. In German Radio ReichSmin Propaganda Goebbels Reads appeal Adolf Hitler To the German people in connection with the beginning of the war against the Soviet Union: "Now the hour has come when the Jewish-Anglo-Saxon warstores of war and also the Jewish lords of the Bolshevik Center in Moscow are needed to oppose this conspiracy ... Which I saw the world ... The task of this front is no longer the protection of individual countries, but ensuring the safety of Europe and thereby salvation of all. "

7:00. Foreign Reichs Minister Ribbentropstarting a press conference, which announces the start of hostilities against the USSR: "The German army invaded the territory of the Bolshevik Russia!"

"The city burns, why don't you pass anything on the radio?"

7:15. Stalin approves the Directive on the reflection of the attack of Hitler's Germany: "The troops with all their forces and means to fall into the enemy forces and destroy them in areas where they violated the Soviet border." The transfer of "Directive No. 2" due to violation by the saboteurs of operation of communication lines in Western districts. In Moscow, there is no clear picture of what is happening in the combat zone.

9:30. It was decided that at noon, with the appeal to the Soviet people in connection with the beginning of the war, the People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs of Molotov will speak.

10:00. From the memories of the speaker Yuri Levitana: "Call from Minsk:" enemy aircraft over the city, "call from Kaunas:" The city is burning, why don't you pass anything on the radio? "," Over Kiev enemy aircraft. " Female crying, excitement: "War really? .." Nevertheless, no official posts before 12:00 Moscow time is not transmitted.

10:30. From the report of the headquarters of the 45th German division about the battles on the territory of the Brest Fortress: "Russians are fiercely resisting, especially behind our attackers. In the Citadel, the enemy organized defense by infantry parts with the support of 35-40 tanks and armored cars. The fire of enemy snipers led to great losses among officers and non-Officers. "

11:00. Baltic, Western and Kiev special military districts are transformed into northwest, Western and South-West fronts.

"The enemy will be broken. Victory will be ours"

12:00. The People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs Vyacheslav Molotov reads the appeal to citizens of the Soviet Union: "Today at 4 o'clock in the morning, without presenting any claims to the Soviet Union, without declaring the war, German troops attacked our country, attacked our borders in many places and subjected to bombing Our cities - Zhytomyr, Kiev, Sevastopol, Kaunas and some others, more than two hundred people were killed and injured. The raids of enemy aircraft and the artillery shelling were also committed from the Romanian and Finland territory ... Now that the attack on the Soviet Union has already been made, the Soviet government provides orders to our troops - to beat off the robbery attack and expel the German troops from our homeland ... The government calls you, citizens and Citizens of the Soviet Union, even closer to rally their ranks around our glorious Bolshevik party, around our Soviet government, around our great leader, Comrade Stalin.

Our business is right. The enemy will be broken. Victory will be ours" .

12:30. Advanced German parts break into the Belarusian city of Grodno.

13:00. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issues a decree "On Mobilization of Military Racheled ..."
"On the basis of Article 49 of the Point" O "of the Constitution of the USSR, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Council of the USSR announces mobilization on the territory of military districts - the Leningrad, Baltic special, Western special, Kiev special, Odessa, Kharkov, Oryvsky, Moscow, Arkhangelsk, Ural, Siberian, Volga, North -Cava and Transcaucasian.

Militibilities are subject to military-bred, born from 1905 to 1918 inclusive. The first day of mobilization is considered June 23, 1941. " Despite the fact that the first day of mobilization is named on June 23, calling points under the military commissocarters are beginning to work by the middle of the day on June 22.

13:30. The head of the General Staff General of Zhukov flies to Kiev as a representative of the newly created headset rate on the South-West Front.

Photo: RIA Novosti

14:00. The Brest Fortress is completely surrounded by German troops. Soviet parts blocked in the Citadel continue to provide fierce resistance.

14:05. Foreign Minister Italy Galeazo Chiano Declares: "In view of the current situation, due to the fact that Germany declared War of the USSR, Italy, as the Ally of Germany and as a member of the Triple Covenant, also announces the war to the Soviet Union from the moment the German troops joined the Soviet territory."

14:10. The 1st frontier of Alexander Sivacheva leads a fight for more than 10 hours. We had only small arms and grenades border guards destroyed up to 60 nazis and burned three tanks. The wounded head of the outpost continued to command the battle.

15:00. From the notes of the Commander of the Army Group of Feldmarshal boc Background: "Question, whether the Russian systematic departures carry out, while remains open. Currently, there is plenty of evidence as "for" and "against" this.

It is surprising that anywhere is not noticeable to any significant work of their artillery. Strong artillery fire is conducted only in the north-west of Grodno, where the VIII Army Corps comes. Apparently, our air force has an overwhelming superiority over Russian aviation. "

Of the 485 attacked border crossing, no one moved without an order

16:00. After a 12-hour battle, the Nazis occupy the positions of the 1st frontier. It became possible only after all the border guards were killed, defending it. Head of the head Alexander Sivachev was posthumously awarded the Order Patriotic War I degree.

The feat of the head of the senior lieutenant Sivachev became one of the hundreds committed by border guards in the first hours and days of war. State border The USSR from Barentsheva to the Black Sea on June 22, 1941 was protected by 666 border stamped, 485 of them were attacked on the first day of the war. None of the 485 making attacked on June 22 did not move without an order.

The Hitler's command was set to break the resistance of border guards, 20 minutes. 257 Soviet border guard kept defense from several hours to one day. Over one day - 20, more than two days - 16, over three days - 20, more than four and five days - 43, from seven to nine days - 4, over eleven days - 51, over twelve days - 55, over 15 days - 51 Zastava. Up to two months, 45 stamped.

The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Leningrad workers are listening to a message about the attack of fascist Germany to the Soviet Union. Photo: RIA Novosti

Of the 19,600 border guards who met the Nazis on June 22 in the direction of the main strike of the Army Group "Center", in the first days of the war more than 16,000 were killed.

17:00. Hitler's divisions manages to take southwestern The Brest Fortress, the North-East remained under the control of the Soviet troops. Stubborn battles for the fortress will continue for another week.

"Church of Christ blesses all Orthodox to protect the sacred borders of our Motherland"

18:00. Patriarchal location, Metropolitan, Moscow and Kolomensky Sergius, drawn by a message to believers: "Favoring robbers attacked our homeland. Pouring any contracts and promises, they suddenly hit us, and here the blood of civilians is already irrigated by their native land ... Our Orthodox Church has always shared the fate of the people. Together with him, she was tried, and comforted his successes. She will not leave the people of their own and now ... Church of Christ blesses all Orthodox to defend the sacred borders of our Motherland. "

19:00. From the notes of the Chief of the General Staff ground Forces Wehrmacht General Colonel Franz Galder: "All army, except for the 11th army of the Army Group" South "in Romania, transferred to the offensive according to plan. The offensive of our troops, apparently, appeared for the enemy on the entire front with complete tactical suddenness. Border bridges through the Bug and other rivers are captured by our troops without a fight and in complete safety. On the complete surprise of our offensive for the enemy shows the fact that the parts were captured by surprise in a barrack location, the aircraft stood on the airfields coated with tarpaulo, and the advanced parts suddenly attacked by our troops were requested by the command that they would do ... the command of the Air Force reported, With this day, 850 opponent aircraft, including entire squadrons of bomber, which, rising to the air without covering fighters, were attacked by our fighters and destroyed. "

20:00. Directive No. 3 of the Defense People's Commissariat of Defense, prescribing the Soviet troops to proceed with the task of defeating Hitler's troops in the USSR with further advancement to the enemy's territory. The directive prescribed to outcome on June 24 to master the Polish city of Lublin.

Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. June 22, 1941 Nurses provide assistance to the first wounded after the air raid of the fascists under Chisinau. Photo: RIA Novosti

"We must provide Russia and the Russian people all the help, which we can only"

21:00. Summary of the Chief Command of the Red Army for June 22: "With a dawn on June 22, 1941, regular troops of the German army attacked our border parts at the front from the Baltic to the Black Sea and drove away by them during the first half of the day. In the afternoon, German troops met with the advanced parts of the field troops of the Red Army. After the fierce fighting, the opponent was removed with big losses. Only in the Grodno and Christopolian directions, the enemy managed to achieve minor tactical success and take the place of Calvaria, standing and Ceghanovets (the first two 15 km and the last 10 km from the border).

Aviation of the enemy attacked a number of our airfields and settlements, but everywhere I met a decisive rebuff of our fighters and anti-aircraft artillery, who caused the big losses to the enemy. We are shot down 65 opponent aircraft. "

23:00. Appeal of Prime Minister of Great Britain Winston Churchill To the British people in connection with the attack of Germany in the USSR: "At 4 o'clock, this morning, Hitler attacked Russia. All of its usual treachery formalities were observed with a scrupulous accuracy ... Suddenly, without the announcement of war, even without an ultimatum, the German bombs fell from the sky to Russian cities, the German troops broke the Russian borders, and the hour later the Ambassador of Germany, which was literally the on the eve of generously crushed his assurances In friendship and almost union, inflicted a visit to the Russian Foreign Minister and stated that Russia and Germany are in a state of war ...

No one has been a more resistant opponent of communism over the past 25 years than me. I will not take back not a single word about him. But all this pale in front of the spectacle, unfolding now.

Past, with his crimes, madness and tragedies, retreats. I see Russian soldiers as they stand on the border of their native land and protect the fields that their fathers plow from time immemorial. I see how they guard their homes; Their mother and wives pray, oh, yes, because at such a time everyone prayes to preserve their loved ones, about the return of the breadwinner, the patron, his defenders ...

We have to provide Russia and the Russian people all the help, which only we can. We must call all our friends and allies in all parts of the world to adhere to a similar course and conduct it as fast and steadily, as we will do it, to the very end. "

June 22 came to an end. Ahead were another 1417 days of the terrible war in the history of mankind.