In nature, the leading role is played by four forces:

• nuclear power, holding protons and neutrons in the core of atoms
• atomic force holding particles and atoms
• gravity.
• electromagnetic force, electricity and magnetism.

However, if everything is clear with the first three, the value of magnetism is often underestimated. Just because we do not feel magnetism in ordinary life, we do not feel magnetic fields, and the most powerful magnet does not affect us. In other words, we do not even think about it.

But in fact, magnetism in our life plays a huge role. Say, you knew that the only thing that prevents people to pass through the walls or fall through the floor, this a magnetic field? Most likely did not know. Why is it going on?

Molecules and atoms are incredibly small, and the distance between atoms is incredibly wide. If we had decreased to the size of atoms, it would be found that the space around us would be as part of a solid emptiness.

The distance between the electrons that rotate around the protons in the kernel is also quite large. For example, imagine the "atomic fan", where electrons are blades, and the kernel is the central part to which the blades are attached. When our "fan" does not work, it is possible to freely push anything between the blades, but it is worth turning it on, rotating the blades as if they are in a solid circle. In other words, the emptiness suddenly acquires the density!

This happens because there is an electromagnetic attraction between negatively charged electrons and positively charged protons, and they begin to rotate. And when they rotate also quickly, like the blades of the fan, atoms begin to repel everything from themselves. That is, we see the same picture - due to the magnetism "atomic emptiness" suddenly acquires the density, and the mass of atoms connected together, begin to behave like a solid body. Therefore, we cannot pass through the wall.

In other words, the density of matter, its tangibility, does not create atoms themselves from which this matter consists, but a magnetic field.

You can imagine magnetic field linelike lanes on the motorway. Although they lie near, but never intersect. Between them, as it were, a road separation strip is lying.

This analogy allows you to explain some processes occurring in the sun. Imagine a highway in which there is a central strip for the movement of cars immediately in two directions. If there are no rules that regulate the movement along such a strip, then everyone will want to go through this strip "into their" side, chaos will begin and, a grand accident will be happening.

Now imagine that it is a highway - in the sun, and the length of the accumulation of cars is 35 thousand kilometers. The colossal amount of burning material after such a "accident" takes off up and rushing directly into space. That's what it is the release of the coronary mass. Usually the emission has a giant size, focusing in itself more than 10 billion tons of solar plasma. At the same time, the emission of the coronary mass is not the "local" phenomenon, its sizes are such that it represents a serious threat even for the residents of the Earth.

But in addition to coronary emissions, the sun constantly "indulges" us not only with flashes, but also by constant radiation of infrared and X-rays, in other words, rather strange, why our "source of life" still failed to kill us!

To our happiness, the land is very well protected from cosmic adversity, and the nature of its protection is also based on the principles of magnetism. The earthly ball itself is a huge magnet, due to which the earth is surrounded by powerful magnetic fieldwhich the shield protects us from the "pranks" of the Sun.

Magnetosphere - Giant magnetic field created by the rotating core of the planet. It extends 70 thousand km. Around the planet. Also as one magnetic ring of power lines repels the other (that is, they never intersect) and earth magnetosphere repels the magnetic plasma of the sun.

Usually, billions of tons of hot and charged plasma are striking our planet, but not flying to it, they fly away. Only the tiny part of the magnetic storm leaks through a small open space of the poles, and we can admire the polar shine. Without the magnetosphere of the Earth, dangerous radioactive particles would have long killed by all forms of life on it. Fortunately, only useful solar waves goes to us - light and warmth.

A question may arise: how our magnetosphere protects us from the emissions of the coronary mass, but passes the sunlight. The thing is that coronary emissions are charged particles, and the magnetic field "catches" these electrical charges. There is no electric charge at the light, so it passes through the magnetic field, as if nothing had happened.

But where do the powerful magnetic power of the earth come from?The answer can give one of the oldest and simplest magnetometers - compass. Many believe that the compass always indicates north, but this statement is not true. The compass points to the source of a powerful magnetic field, and in the conditions of land, this source will be nothing more than the north pole of the planet. Check it out by yourself - place a powerful magnet next to the compass, and the shooter will immediately turn from the "North" towards it.

However, even if we take a convention that the compass shows to the North Pole, this statement will still not be completely true. Compass indicates not the geographical pole of the planet (the very, northern), and on magnetic North Polecompared to the geographical, somewhat shifted to the side, and in the very north of Canada.

The magnetic pole is not a magnet in itself. The magnetic field creates strength deep inside our planet. Magnetic fields are generated by moving electrical streams, and the Earth is a "one big stream". The metal core of the planet is also spinning and due to this, the generation of a magnetic field is generated.

The magnetic field of the Earth is not a static steady thing. Over time, it may change. Flows in the bowels of the earth can change the direction, which means the direction of the magnetic field will change. The North and South Poles may simply turn over, and this on our planet has already happened.

We know that the orientation of the magnetic poles of the Earth changes every 100 thousand years. Deep-sea and ice geology testifies that 780 thousand years of the Compass arrow pointed to the south, and for 50 thousand years before that, the compass pointed to the north. Phenomenon of sudden coup poles called Magnetic inversion And when it happens next time, we still say no.

No one knows how magnetic inversion will affect the lives of people. Compassies will indicate south, bird migration will be broken, GPS navigation will be useless. But there may be more severe consequences. The change of geomagnetic poles can weaken or remove the magnetic field at all. The problem is that a weak magnetic field will not be able to protect us from the deadly radiation of the Sun.

Sunny magnetism Created by the movement of plasma over the surface of the Sun. Magnetism, as we remembered, is generated by moving streams of electrical charges. And the sun, like the Earth, is one large endless flow of charged particles. From the ground you can see one magnetic phenomenon - spots in the sun.

Any such stain, it is a magnetic vortex on the surface of the Sun, it is such powerful magnetic vortices cause flashes in the Sun.. In fact, each outbreak is a giant thermonuclear explosion, a capacity of far superior to all nuclear arsenals of earthlings.

Flashes and the magnetic storms caused by them are so powerful, which affect not only land, but also on the neighboring planets. Not in vain they say that magnetic perturbations in the sun, create an atmosphere in the whole of our solar system and are called space weather.

X-ray radiation is extremely dangerous for electronics and can cause billion damage to communications and navigation satellites. Therefore, to predict "Space Weather" is a vital thing for the development of space.

In some way, we already know how to predict particularly strong storms in the sun. Giant emissions of the coronary mass occur every 11 years, when solar spots, flashes and other activity reaches a maximum. However, it is impossible to accurately predict when the mass is released and from any group of spots.

If the earth has a magnetic field, then is it from other planets? With the beginning of space flights in the 60s, we were able to detect magnetic fields of other planets, and these were amazing discoveries. All four giant planets - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune - There are active magnetic fields.

The most powerful magnetic field in our system is Jupiter. It is 10 times more terrestrial and extended to 6 million km. Around the planet. We are watching the polar radiance on Jupiter and Saturn and know that they arise there in the same way as on earth - the magnetosphere of these planets deflects the sun particles on the poles and they glow there just like on earth.

But closer to the sun, the magnetic fields are less common. On Mercury a very weak magnetic field, only 1% of the earth. Venus is not at all. But mysteriously all - the Red Planet Mars.

In the late 90s spacecraft Mars. Global Surveyor. I went to the orbit of Mars with a magnetometer, and it showed that there is no global magnetic field on Mars. But Surveyor discovered that low-power magnetic fields are scattered throughout the planet. NASA believes that it polyomagnetism, that is, the remnants of the magnetic field that existed billions of years ago. Was there a magnetic field on Mars, like on earth? If it was, what happened to him?

Fortunately, we do not need to go to the Red Planet to find out this, because we already have a piece of red planet. We have samples of stones from Mars, these are meteorites knocked out from its surface after the impact of an asteroid or comets of millions of years ago. Inspection of one of these stones - ALH84001, with the help of a quantum microscope of the University of Massachusetts ( Squid. Microscope.) It showed that the stone is magnetized, and this magnetism is 4 billion years. That is, under the surface of the meteorite, traces of the former magnetosphere of Mars were traces.

It gave us unexpected discovery: at the beginning of the history Mars was completely different than now. The atmosphere was significantly densely, the water was likely on the surface, and the temperature was much higher. In general, he looked like Earth. What happened then we do not know, but about 4.1 billion years of the magnetic field of the planet suddenly disappeared. It is amazing, but in time it coincided with the beginning of the transformation of Mars from warm and wet planet in the current dry and cold.

One of the hypotheses, why the magnetic field disappeared Mars It assumes that he did not have a powerful magnetosphere to protect against cosmic radiation, and solar winds carried away from Mars his atmosphere. The atmosphere was becoming thinner and then completely disappeared. Mars, figuratively expressing, died.

Can this happen on earth? Yes. A larger problem here appears inversion of the magnetic field of the Earth, which we talked above. During geomagnetic inversion, the Earth may remain without the protection of the magnetosphere not a few days or longer. And this can lead the planet to the Martian scenario, when we suddenly find it completely defenseless in front of cosmic storms.

Magnetic storms have already hit the Earth before. In 1989, the solar flare hit North America and left all the Quebec without electricity. But this storm was relatively weak compared with the events of walkers in 1859 ( "Carrington Event") - Then the polar radiance was seen even in the south of Cuba, and the telegraph wires and transformers were overwhelmed throughout the American continent.

What would happen if a storm of 1859 happened now? Gamma- and X-rays would destroy almost all artificial satellites, the charges of the induced current would have passed along the power lines, which would fail all electrical substations, and all electrical equipment connected to the network would be out of order.
Water would have to download not by electric pump, but manually, use it not an electric bulb, and the candle. In general, we would return to the deelectric times. But the developed world is so used to and adapted to the power grids, which is unlikely to be able to exist further.

To avoid such a catastrophe, today scientists try to develop protection against such a storm - invent fuses for transformers at substations, trying to predict magnetic flashes. But how effectively all this will work in the "hour x", only time will show.

Dear Clients!

About the magnetic field of the earth has long been known, and everyone knows everything about it. But is there magnetic fields on other planets? Let's try to figure out ...

Magnetic field of land or geomagnetic field - a magnetic field Inboard sources generated. Subject study geomagnetism . It appeared 4.2 billion years ago. On a slight distance from the surface of the Earth, about three of its radii, magnetic power lines have dipple-like Location. This area is called plasmosphere Earth.

As it removes from the surface of the Earth, the impact solar wind : from the side Sun. The geomagnetic field is compressed, and from the opposite, the night side, it is drawn into a long "tail".

A noticeable effect on the magnetic field on the surface of the Earth has currents in ionosphere . This is the area of \u200b\u200bthe upper atmosphere, extending from the height of about 100 km and above. Contains a large number ions . Plasma is held by the magnetic field of the Earth, but its condition is determined by the interaction of the Earth's magnetic field with the solar wind, which explains the connection magnetic storms On the ground with solar flares.

The magnetic field of the Earth is generated by currents in the liquid metallic core. T. Kauling, in 1934, it was shown that the field generation mechanism (geodinamo) does not provide stability (the "Anti-Dynamo" theorem). The problem of origin and the preservation of the field is not solved to this day.

A similar field generation mechanism may occur on other planets.

Is there a magnetic field from Mars?

On the Mars planet there is no planetary magnetic field. The planet has magnetic poles that are the remnants of an ancient planetary field. Since Mars's magnetic field is actually absent, it is constantly subjected to bombardment with solar radiation, as well as the exposure to the solar wind, which makes it a barren world that we are visible today.

Most planets create a magnetic field with a dynamo effect. Metals in the core of the planet are melted and constantly moving. Moving metals create an electric current, which ultimately manifests itself in the form of a magnetic field.

General

On Mars there is a magnetic field, which represents the remains of ancient magnetic fields. It looks like a field found at the bottom of the earth's oceans. Scientists believe that their presence is a possible sign that Mars had a tact plateonics. But other evidence suggests that these movements of lithospheric plates have ceased about 4 billion years ago.

The field strips are strong enough, almost the same as the earth, and can spread hundreds of kilometers into the atmosphere. They interact with the solar wind and create polar radiances as well as on Earth. Scientists observed more than 13,000 of these shines.

The absence of a planetary field means that its surface receives 2.5 times more radiation than the Earth. If people are going to explore the planet, you need a way to protect a person from harmful effects.

One of the consequences of the absence of the planet Mars magnetic field is the impossibility of the presence of liquid water on the surface. Marsoises found a large amount of water ice under the surface, and scientists believe that there may be liquid water. The lack of water adds obstacles that engineers should overcome in order to study, and subsequently colonize, red planet.

Mercury magnetic field

Mercury, like our planet, has a magnetic field. Before the flight of the spacecraft Mariner-10 in 1974, none of the scientists knew about its presence.

Mercury magnetic field

It is about 1.1% of the earth. Many astronomers at that time assumed that this is a reference field, that is, the remaining of early history. The information from the Messenger spacecraft fully refuted this guide and now astronomers know that the Dynamo effect in the Mercury core is responsible for the occurrence.

It is formed by the dynamo effect of the molten iron moving in the kernel. The magnetic field is dipole, like on and ground. This means that he has the northern and southern magnetic poles. Messenger did not find evidence of the existence of anomalies in the form of spots, this suggests that it is created in the core of the planet. Until recently thought that the Mercury core was cooled to such an extent that it could no longer rotate.

These were spoken by cracks over the entire surface, which were caused by the cooling of the planet's kernel and the subsequent effect on the bark. The field is strong enough to reject the sunny wind, creating a magnetosphere.

Magnetosphere

It captures the plasma of the solar wind, which contributes to weathering the surface of the planet. Mariner-10 discovered low plasma energy and splashes of energetic particles in the tail indicating dynamic effects.

Messenger found many new parts such as mysterious leaks of the magnetic field and magnetic tornado. These tornadoes are twisted beams that go from the planetary field and are connected in the interplanetary space. Some of these tornadoes may be size from 800 km wide to a third of the radius of the planet. The magnetic field is characterized by asymmetry. The Messenger spacecraft found that the field center is shifted by almost 500 km north of the axis of rotation of Mercury.

Because of this asymmetry, the South Pole of Mercury is less protected and is exposed to much greater radiation with aggressive solar particles than the North Pole.

Magnetic field "Morning Star"

Venus has a magnetic field, which is known incredibly weakly. Scientists are still not sure why it is. The planet is known in astronomy as a double of the earth.

It has the same size and roughly similar distance from the sun. It is also the only one of the other planets internal solar system, which has a significant atmosphere. However, the absence of a strong magnetosphere indicates significant differences between the Earth and Venus.

General structure of the planet

Venus as all the other inner planets of the solar system - rocky.

Scientists do not know much about the formation of these planets, but based on the data obtained from cosmic probes, they made some guesses. We know that inside the solar system there were planetazimals of rich in iron and silicates. These clashes created young planets, with liquid nuclei and fragile young bark consisting of silicates. However, a large riddle is to develop the iron kernel.

We know that one of the reasons for the formation of a strong magnetic field of the Earth is that the iron kernel works as a dynamo machine.

Why does Venus have a magnetic field?

This magnetic field protects our planet from strong solar radiation. However, this does not happen on Venus and there are several hypotheses explaining it. First, the kernel is fully solid. The land core is still partially melted and this allows it to produce a magnetic field. Another theory says that this is due to the fact that the planet does not have tactics of plates like earth.

When the spacecraft investigated it, they found that the magnetic field of Venus exists and is several times weaker than that of the Earth, however, it deflects solar radiation.

Scientists now believe that the field, in fact, is the result of the work of the Ionosphere of Venus, interacting with the sunshine. This means that the planet has an induced magnetic field. However, confirm this is a matter of future missions.

Existing hypotheses to some extent explain the magnetic field of the Earth, but it is possible to explain the magnetic field of other cosmic bodies with them, for example, the magnetic field of the Sun, which turned out to be close to the magnetic field of the Earth, almost the complete absence of a magnetic field in the Moon and Mars .

It is quite clear that to explain the emergence of the magnetic field of the Sun, none of the listed hypotheses is unacceptable. The Sun has no iron core and other features similar to the structure of solid planets. Therefore, to explain the solar magnetic field a different hypothesis is needed. It can seem to believe that the magnetic field of the Sun is associated with a different speed of rotation of the shells, which are already detected. It is known that the speed of rotation of the spots lying in the region of the equator, which is different than the speed of movement of the spots in medium latitudes and in latitudes close to the solar poles.

The occurrence of the solar magnetic field can also be associated at different speeds of movement of the outer shell of the Sun, lagging behind the speed of its rotation from the speed of rotation of the deep shells of the Sun. This may occur due to the occurrence of tidal waves - ridges and depressions - the planets caused by attraction, first of all the closest: Mercury, Venus and Earth. If the hypothesis on the occurrence of the sun field was confirmed under the influence of the tidal wave, it would increase the reasonableness of the hypothesis about the occurrence of the magnetic field of the Earth.

Almost the complete absence of a magnetic field at the Moon does not reject the hypotheses about the connection of the magnetic field with the iron core of the Earth, because there is no reason to believe that the moon has an iron core. And if it is not, it should not be a magnetic field.

There should be no magnetic field in the moon and on hypotheses that bind it with the lag behind the velocity of the nucleus from the speed of rotation of the mantle, since there is no kernel itself.

Unlike other hypotheses, the moon should have a magnetic field on a hypothesis developed in this work. But the magnetic field of the Moon should be insignificant, because the moon does not rotate relative to the Earth, and the tidal wave caused by the sun rises the moon in 29 days, i.e. at speed, in -100 times less than that of the Earth; In addition, the water cycle on the moon is incommensurably small compared to the water circulation in the earth's crust - this is apparently determines the low intensity of the magnetic field of the moon.

Since Mars, the average density of the substance is almost the same with the density of the moon, apparently also does not have an iron core, then according to known hypothesia, it should not have a magnetic field. Meanwhile, Mars has, although minor. In terms of the role of the Drainage shell, Mars should have exactly such a field, since, although his speed of rotation is the same as the Earth, but he may have a slightly tidal wave, because he has no commensurate satellite, and the rings caused by the Sun , significantly less than for the Earth. A slight water content in the atmosphere of Mars makes it impossible such an intense cycle of it, as on earth. Thus, on Mars, as on the moon, the magnetic field should be, but it can be very small.

Can Venus and Mercury have a magnetic field under the influence of the movement of aqueous solutions in the drainage shell? Apparently, it is excluded. Their temperatures are so high that the possibility of forming drainage shells and water cycle is almost absent. The speed of rotation of them around their axes is small, and large satellites needed to create tidal waves are absent. All this reduces the possibility of creating a magnetic field from these planets.

All of the above makes it possible to expect that the study of the patterns of education and the patterns of movement of solutions in the drainage shell of the earth's crust may probably be reduced by a stronger base under the hypothesis of the occurrence of the magnetic field of the Earth due to circulation of electrical currents, preferably the currents caused by the movement of charged solutions.

Considering magnetic field planetFirst of all get acquainted with the hypotheses of existence magnetic Poles of Earth.

Everything comes down to the processes occurring, in the depths of the Earth, namely in the layer by the Layer of Mochorovichich, (more:). The temperature of the water on the surface of which was critical. This observation was the first hint of the essence of what was happening in this in the mysterious layer. What explains the existence magnetic Poles of Earth.

In the layers of the earth's crust

Imagine a droplet of water that fell out with the next rain to the ground and began to leak over the cracks in the layers of the earth's crust in its depths. We believe that our droplet is very lucky: she did not picked up and did not carry with him any of the water flows forming in the upper layers of the Earth and widely used by people for the device of wells, irrigation facilities and for the likelihoods. No, the droplet passed several kilometers of the earth's layers. It was long ago began to put the jets moving in the same direction of the same drops, they began to heat the jet of underground heat. For a long time, its temperature exceeded the a hundred degrees of the international temperature scale.
Moving water drops. The droplet secretly dreamed about the time when she had the opportunity to boil freely on the surface of the earth at such a temperature, turning into free transparent steam. Alas, now she could not boil: prevented the high pressure of the overlying pillar of water. The droplet felt that something extraordinary was happening to her. She began to show a special interest in the rocks that were part of the crack, which came down. It began to flush individual molecules of some substances, and often such as water under normal conditions cannot dissolve. The droplet ceased to sense itself with water, and began to show the properties of the strongest acid. Kidnapped on the road molecule water attracted with them. Chemical analysis would show that it contains so many mineral impurities as not in the famous mineral waters. If the droplet could return with all its contents on the surface of the Earth, probably, the doctors would have found a lot of diseases from which it would be the first tool. But the droplet has already gone far under the layers of the earth, where they are formed. She remained only one possible way - further down, in the depths of the earth, towards all the increasing heat. And finally, the critical temperature is 374 degrees on the international scale. The droplet felt not quite steadily. She did not need an additional hidden heat of the vaporization, it turned into a pair, having only heated warmth. At the same time, its volume has not changed. But after becoming a drop of a couple, she began to search for directions in which it could expand. It seems to be the minimum resistance from above. And steam particles, quite recently former water droplets, began to squeeze up. At the same time, they postponed most of the substances dissolved in the droplet, on the site of its critical transformation. Couples formed from our droplet, some time relatively safely broke up. The temperature of the surrounding rocks has decreased, and suddenly there was a reverse transformation of steam in a water droplet. And she dramatically changed the direction of movement, began to flock down. And the temperatures of the surrounding rocks began to rise again. After some time, the temperature reaches the critical value again, and again a light cloud of a couple rushes up. If the droplet could think and draw conclusions, she would probably have thought that he had fallen into a monstrous trap and was now convicted on the eternal wandering and the eternal transformations of two aggregative states between two isotherms. Meanwhile, this vertical movement of water and steam is carried out by the work that is necessary for the formation of the surface of Mochorovich. When the water turns into steam, substances dissolved in it are deposited: they cement breeds make them more dense and more durable. Couple moving up, caring with them some substances. These substances include compounds of metals with chlorine and other halogens, as well as silica, whose role in the formation of granite is decisive. But the thoughts of the droplets about the eternal captivity, in which she seemed to be, did not correspond to the truth. The fact is that she fell into the region of the earth's crust, which has increased permeability. Drinking up and down the droplets of water and ridges of the pair were washed out of rocks a number of substances, creating slots, cracks, pores. They, no doubt, are connected between themselves and in the horizontal direction, creating a peculiar layer, sliding the entire globe. The opener called him drainage. Perhaps it will be called layer Grigoriev. Under the influence of the pressure difference between pressure, supporting the water on land (on average, the mainland rises above the ocean level 875 meters) and lower in the oceans, there is a slow flow from the drainage layer of water from the continent's area to the ocean area. Passing through the thickness of the earth's breeds to the drainage layer, these waters cooled the rock and the drainage layer is carried out in the oceans taken from the mainland breed heat. In the oceans there is no granite layer because there is no countercurrent water and steam in the drainage layer. There both water and steam move in one direction, only upwards. Having reached the surface of the bottom of the ocean, they are freely poured into it, ensuring the salinity of the hydrosphere covering almost the entire globe.
Hydrosphere of the Earth.

The hypothesis of the existence of the magnetic field of the Earth

The hypothesis remains a hypothesis until it is confirmed by certain conclusions made on its basis. So I left the hypothesis of Newton's World Activation, (more:), until it confirmed his timely return comet, whose trajectory was calculated by the formulas of this law. So the famous theory of the relativity of Einstein remained a hypothesis, while photographic photographs at the time of the solar eclipse did not confirm the shifts of the sunlight beam with its passage by a powerful gravitational body. What are the conclusions from the drainage belt hypotheses extended by S. M. Grigoriev? There are such conclusions! And the very first of them gives a great opportunity to explain the origin magnetic field of land and planets. Modern science does not know neither a proven theory, nor acceptable hypothesis, which would seem to be such an obvious, the well-known magnetic field of the Earth, turning the compass arrow always one end to the north. Ya. M. Yanovsky in his book "Earth Magnetism", published in 1964, wrote:

Up until the last decade, there was not a single hypothesis, not a single theory that would satisfactorily explain the permanent magnetism of the globe.

As you can see, the first conclusion is very important. We will get acquainted with his essence. Of course, this is not quite a correct statement that there was no hypotheses that would try to explain the presence of earthly magnetism. The hypothesis were. One of them was associated with inconsistency of rotation of the parts of our planet: namely, the rotation of the nucleus lags behind the rotation of the mantle about one turn in two thousand years. Another introduced some moving masses inside the kernel. The question of the availability of an electric current moving in the latitudinal direction was discussed. But since it was believed that such currents could circulate only on the border between the core and the mantle, they were sent there. A new hypothesis appeared relatively recently, explaining the earth's magnetism with vortex currents in the core of the globe. Since to check whether these currents are there or not, it is impossible, this hypothesis is doomed to meaningless existence. She simply has no chance to ever get at least any confirmation. The existence of a drainage shell immediately makes it possible to explain how the circulation of surface currents around the globe in the latitudinal direction is carried out. The liquid filling the drainage shell under the influence of the attraction of the moon twice a day, rises almost on the meter. Following the tidal hump, which is absorbed by the additional volume of liquids and gases, it goes in the wet, squeezing in the west direction all that suits the tide. Thus, there is a continuous flow of drainage fluid around the globe. The drainage fluid is saturated with a huge amount of most diverse substances dissolved in it. Among them there are many ions, including cations carrying a positive charge. There are anions that carry a negative charge. It can be said to be sure that cations are currently dominated, because in this case, a southern magnetic pole should have near the northern geographical pole. And at present, the magnetic poles of the Earth are located this way. Yes, now they are located so. But paleomagnetics firmly established that relatively often - in the geological sense of this word - there are sudden changes in the magnetization of the Earth, so the poles change places. No more bold hypothesis can give an explanation to this fact. And the essence of the case, apparently, is simple: when the anions will begin to prevail in the drainage liquid, the northern magnetic pole will take its more agreed place - at least by the title - near the northern geographical pole.

Magnetic field of the Moon

If you leave our favorite land and make a small space journey, then you first visit our night companion of the moon. There is no single drop of water on its surface. But maybe it has a drain belt, in narrow slots and cavities of which are concluded, as on earth, strongly mineralized water? Magnetic field of the Moon The magnitude of its tidal wave is determined. On Earth, this wave is caused by attraction of the moon. But the Earth does not cause a tidal wave on the moon, since the moon is turned to the ground is always one side. Nevertheless, there is a tidal wave on the moon. After all, she, albeit very slowly, but turns relative to the sun. One turnover regarding our central shining she makes approximately a month. Yes, and the attraction of the sun is significantly less than, say, even the attraction of the moon on the ground.
Earth and moon. Rare and minor tides can contribute to the appearance of only a very small magnetic field. That is the field and has a moon. The presence of a drainage belt allows you to explain many other mysteries of the moon. So, S. M. Grigoriev superbly explains the asymmetry of the lunar disk, the essence of maskonov, etc. Each of these explanations may be made as proof of the existence of the drainage shell at the Moon. He predicted that the radius of the moon hemisphere was less than the radius of another hemisphere, even before the satellites were made by the corresponding measurements. This discovery was completely unexpected for selenologists' specialists who believed that the Holy Criminal Hemisphere of the Moon was consequence of the attraction of the Earth.

Magnetic field Planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter

Well, the rest of the planets? Can almost be sure to say that neither Mercurynor Venusnor Mars can't have big magnetic fields, because they have no satellites. Large tides can be called on Mercury Sun, but it does not rotate very quickly around his axis.
Magnetic field planets. But if Jupiter there is solid kernelHere, here the magnetic field can far exceed the earth. Jupiter has a whole bunch of various satellites, among which there are big. In addition, he very quickly revolves around his axis, making turnover in less than ten hours. All this contributes to the great activity of the Drainage area of \u200b\u200bJupiter. Indeed, American automatic stations found a very strong, strangely built magnetic field of this planet.

Often the source of the dipole magnetic field of the planet consider its molten conductive core. Venus and land are close to size, mean density and even the inner structure, nevertheless, the Earth has a fairly strong magnetic field, and Venus - no (the magnetic moment of Venus does not exceed 5-10% of the Earth's magnetic field). According to one of the modern theories, the intensity of the dipole magnetic field depends on the precession of the polar axis and the angular velocity of rotation. It is these parameters on the Venus are negligible, but measurements indicate even lower stresses than predicts the theory. Modern assumptions about the weak magnetic field of Venus are that in the presumably iron core of Venus there are no convective streams.

Notes

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Bodies of natural or artificial origin, appearing around the planets. Natural satellites have land (moon), Mars (Phobos and Dimimos), Jupiter (Amaltea, Io, Europe, Ganymed, Callisto, Leda, Himalia, Lisite, Elara, Anancot, Karma, ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Books

• , Yu. I. Petrov. In this book, hidden or explicit errors of mathematical structures of the overall and special theory of relativity, quantum mechanics, as well as superficial were identified and demonstrated.
• The error and error of the fundamental concepts of physics, Petrov Yu.I. In this book, hidden or explicit errors of mathematical structures of the general and special theory of relativity, quantum mechanics, as well as superficial ...