The Embassy Order is the first sprouts of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Embassy Order: Structure and Functions What questions did the Embassy Order who headed

In ancient Russia, orders were called central government bodies. They were also called by the chambers and yards, sinks and palaces, thirds and quarters. It suggests that orders as government agencies have arisen involuntarily, and the first mention of them in this role is found in 1512 in the literacy sent by the Vladimir Assumption Monastery of the Grand Prince of All Russia Vasily III.

A certain number of people ordered to do some specific cases - this is how the definition of "order" appeared. The newly instituted orders acted on behalf of the sovereign and were the highest government places. Complaints on their actions were considered only by the king or the Tsarist Duma. Orders - the initial stages of the current ministries.

Appearance and purpose

The Embassy Order originated in 1549 at Ivan IV. It existed to 1720. The judiciary of 1550 Ivan Grozny introduces the Office, which was intended to provide state needs. For almost 200 years, the framework of this system was maintained and was replaced only with a great reformer Peter I. The duties of the newly created order included a relationship with other states, ransoms and the exchange of prisoners, the supervision of certain groups of "servary people", such as Don Cossacks.

Main functions

The Embassy Order also engaged in the management of some lands in the south and east of the Power. Its maintained and sending Russian missions abroad, and the reception of foreign missions. In his submission there were foreign merchants, at all time their stay in our territory.

The training of texts of international negotiations was also charged with the order. He monitored diplomatic missions.

Authority structure

Initially, the Embassy Order consisted of a twin delica, under which he was "comrade" (deputy), 15-17 of the attic (lower administrative chin) and several Tolmachi (translators). At the head of the newly created institution stood ordinary deque, he is the Embassy of Dyak. Diaki in those days were called civil servants (in addition to chickens), in particular, the heads of orders or junior ranks in

The structure is gaining weight

The first embassy order was headed by Ivan Mikhailovich Viscovatov, who before this purpose served as ambassador, Duma Decik, was the keeper of state press. He was at the head of the order, he was up to his death, coming in 1570. With the growth of the international weight of Russia, the importance of the Embassy Order increased, and its staff increased, in 1689 it was 53 attained in it instead of 17 and 22 translator plus 17 Tolmachi (oral translator).

Already by the end of the XVII century, the Embassy Order had a strength so much that became one of the most important components of the central state apparatus of Russia. In this century, he passed the way from the office on external intercourse to the state structure, which has significant independence and widest possible powers.

The main milestones

The entire period of the existence of the Embassy Order can be conditionally decomposed in accordance with the three epochic intervals of that time. This is a troubled time, the restoration of the Russian monarchy under Mikhail Romanov, the first Russian king from this dynasty, and the period of the heyday of the statehood, which occurred at Queen Alexei Mikhailovic.

Bright representatives

Since 1621, Ivan Tarasievich Gramotin, then the head of the Embassy Order, began to prepare systematic information about the situation in other countries for the king. They dredied from the periodicals of countries, as well as from observations and conclusions of ambassadors. These "wester letters" were essentially the first Russian newspaper. About this eighth chapter of the Embassy Order should be said separately. He began his career with the attain, and three times at different kings held the highest post of the Embassy Order. In troubled times, he was one of the most prominent politicians.

Atlas

The structure of the order was shared by the branches of the office work on territorial signs (improvement). There were five of them. The functions of the Embassy Order, according to these five clerk parts, were distributed as follows - in the first increased, the countries of Western Europe were included - England and France, Spain and the Sacred Roman Empire, as well as a papal state. The second acquisition was engaged in relations with Sweden, Poland and Valahia (south of modern Romania), Moldova, Turkey and Crimea, Holland, Hamburg.

The relationship with Denmark, Branderburg and Kurlyndia was engaged in the 3rd office in an order, which is the case of the office work of these countries. Persia, Armenia, India and the Kalmyk state were under the jurisdiction of the 4th. The last fifth dealt with the relationship with China, Bukhar, Khiva, Zhonggarian state and Georgia.

Works are growing

From the very moment the Embassy Order was established, he was charged with the general management of the country's foreign policy. From the second half of the XVII century, the following orders - the Grand Duchy of Lithuanian, Smolensky and Malorossiysky are subject to him directly. Here was also kept accumulated over time the archive of the most important external and internal political documents.

Chapter order

With the growth of international importance of Russia, the Dyack of the Embassy Order is replaced by a representative of the country's higher feudal estate, and the institution itself is referred to as the "state order of the Embassy Press".

In all the time the existence of the Embassy Order of his chapter was changed by 19 leaders. The last chancellor of the Russian Empire was the first chancellor, the Department of Peter the Great As a result, the Embassy Office was created, which in 1720 was replaced

After reading this book, you will get acquainted with the events that took place in the reign of Ivan the Terrible, Boris Godunova, Mikhail Fedorovich and Alexey Mikhailovich. You will understand the importance of the activities of the Embassy Order - one of the central most important state institutions of Russia of the XVI-XVII centuries. On numerous archival sources, which is based on the Collections of the Embassy Books of RGAD, the author talks about the formation and evolution of the first diplomatic institution of Russia. The book is narrating on the following interrelated areas: the history of the Embassy Order and its documentation, the history of diplomatic relations, biographies of outstanding diplomats and the heads of the Embassy Order. The turbulent and dramatic era of the formation of the Russian state, its external and domestic politics will appear in front of you through the prism of the life and activities of civil servants. The atmosphere of the work of the Embassy Order and the circumstances of foreign trips of Russian ambassadors is reproduced. Comparing the fate of the organizers of domestic diplomacy, the author shows how their image, self-consciousness and diplomatic methods have evolved over the course of two centuries.

Embassy Order of the XVI - early XVIII century.

The external and internal policy of medieval Russia is inseparable from the Embassy Order of the institution that developed and implemented its main directions from the end of XV to the beginning of the XVIII century. For the maintenance of diplomatic service, each country had its own, inherent in a certain era of attributes: institutions, state, etiquette, custom, forms and exchange of information, diplomatic documentation, and even language. Significance, functions, the composition of the employees of the Embassy Order were changed in accordance with state construction and the complication of foreign policy tasks that were facing Russia. It was the time of education and strengthening the Russian centralized state, the liberation of the country from the Ordane IGA, the strengthening of the sovereignty and the emergence of broad international relations both with the East and West, the exit of Russia to the shores of the Pacific Ocean.

During the strengthening of centralized power, the Boyarsky Duma sometimes interfered with autocratic policies. Already in the rule of the Grand Prince Vasily III (1505-1533), a private council of the sovereign, consisting of the closest and trusted persons, a so-called neighboring thought. The most difficult issues of internal and foreign policy were previously discussed by members of the neighboring Duma, and then the prepared decision was made to approval by the Boyar Duma. The composition and number of the near Duma completely depended on the king.

Diplomatic documents referred to its members of "near dimensions", they are mentioned most often as personal representatives of the king during negotiations with foreign diplomats "about state secret cases". Being abroad, the Russian ambassadors explained that "the great cases of the great sovereign of our vigorous spiritual people of the near Duma." It is characterized by the remark of Ivan IV of the Grozny English Ambassador: "... We have long been not a leader that we, the great sovereign, to speak with the ambassador." This custom has persisted in the XVII century. Famous diplomat al. Ordin-Nashchokin wrote the king Alexei Mikhailovich: "In the Moscow State of Correspondence, as in all states, the ambassadors are the people of the secret of the near Duma."

The French officer, Captain Jacques Jacques, who came to the service to Russia in 1600, in his notes began the XVII century. Described the composition of the Boyar Duma as follows: "There is no certain number of members of the Duma, since it depends on the emperor how much will it be used. With me it reached thirty-two members. The Secret Council for the Affairs of Special Importance is usually usually of the closest relatives of the emperor ... Moreover, in the Duma, they hold two spiritual devices, which I rather, rather as secretaries than chancellors, as they interpret. One of them is the department to whom all ambassadors and affairs of foreign trade are directed. Another one, in the department of which all the works of the military ... "

In the middle of the XVI century. In the palace sorries of the Moscow Kremlin, there was a chamber who served the permanent venue of the Duma meetings. In the XVII century, during the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (1645-1676), the Duma most often met in the so-called Front Chamber. There are also documentary certificates of boyar meetings in the Golden and Dining Chambers. If the king went out of Moscow, the boyars followed him, and the meetings of the Boyar Duma could occur in Izmailov, Kolomna, the Trinity-Sergiev monastery, etc.

From the Board of Boyarskaya Duma - Boyar, Treaschairs and Dyakov - a "Response Commission" was appointed. It was negotiating with foreign ambassadors. The Commission was officially called "advisers", "large people", "who live in the Great Prince in the hut", and was a link between the Boyar Duma headed by the Grand Duke and foreign diplomats. Russian historian S.A. Belokurov calls the composition of the Commissions of the Boyar Duma, appointed to meet with various ambassadors from 1497 to 1561.

The ambassador arrived at the audience with the state truck made a credential diploma and then removed into one of the chambers of the Kremlin Palace. Under Grand Duza, Vasily III Ivanovich the ambassadors were taken in the embankment of the Chamber (1522), in the middle hill (1527; 1548), the brushing out of the day (1539). From the middle of the XVI century. Almost all the techniques were performed in the canteen of Bruzyna, and at the end of the century - in the middle gold subscription (1586) and in the grain (1591) chambers. After some time, the response commission was appointed to negotiate, to listen to the head of the state "Speech". Previously, the Commission received an order of negotiations: "Large people" "against the speeches" of the Grand Duke "With the Boyar, the answer was chinili." Commissions usually consisted of one to two, and in particularly important cases - from three members of the Boyar Duma, their assistants were devils (two or three people). If the rank of a foreign diplomat was not high, or the diplomatic question did not have much importance, then the answer could send Deca without a boyars.

Documents of RGAD on the history of civil service in Russia. XVI - XVII centuries.

The history of Russia, as a strong and powerful state, is inextricably linked with the history of the system of authorities and the management, the driving force of which were serviced people who pretended all their strength and skill for the benefit of Fatherland. Back in the ancient times, the warriors of the Russian princes served not only in a military field, but in peacetime they collected tribute, they contributed to the prince in the exercise of justice, managed cities, that is, they carried out the duties of future civilian officials. As a reward for the service, they were given the estates and complained of the victobs. In the era of the Moscow centralization, Promotion, together with the local system, contributed to concentration at the disposal of the Moscow sovereigns as the best official forces of various Russian regions and many foreigners who came to look for happiness in the Moscow service.

At the turn of the XV-XVI centuries, the association of Russian lands around Moscow was completed. The formation of the Russian power was accompanied by the gradual construction of the state apparatus, which grew out of the Grand Dummy. When appointed to higher positions in the central and local government apparatus and in the troops a large role was played by locality, which as the system was formed in the XV century. According to him, the place of feudal on the service and hierarchical staircase of the ranks was determined primarily by his trickyness, the merits of the ancestors in the service of the Great Prince. Cancellation in 1682 of the settlement played an important role in approving the principle of personal service.

With the growth of the territory of the Moscow state, the management system was complicated, which, in turn, demanded a qualified approach to solving pressing tasks. There was a need to create government bodies with certain functions. From personal orders (orders), Prince Boyars, as well as non-modest, but competent devotes, arranged orders as a body of the central state apparatus. The history of the ordering management system attracted the attention of many major historians of Russia (S. M. Soloviev, V. O. Kleevsky, S. A. Belokurov, M. N. Tikhomirov, A. A. Zimin, S. O. Schmidt, A. K. Leontiev, N. P. Eroskin, etc.), but still the question of the time of creating orders remains controversial.

With the expansion of the circle of tasks of trusted persons of the prince (from the beginning of the XVI century), they were given "for writing" officials in bed - the fishes, combined in a special room - "Vest", "yard". Such a office, together with the official who led her, was the core of the future order. They turned to the middle of the XVI century. In permanent central institutions - orders with their staff and their own office work. The most important orders existed from the end of the XV century, before the abolition of order management at the beginning of the XVII century, there were discharge, and the Embassy.

Almost from the first years of the XVI century. You can trace the service activities of the discharged devils ( See: Milyukov P. N. An oldest discharge book. M., 1901.), in the course of which there was a discharge order, who made military issues. In particular, the category was to take care of the acquisition and formation of regiments, keeping accounting of all routing people in peacetime, established the amount of money and local salary, etc. In addition to exclusively military functions, the discharge order was engaged in the affairs of the state staff. In this order also carried out personal accounting of representatives of all noble ranks in the service of the king. And this service was sometimes very difficult, especially for small provincial nobility. For 20-30 years they carried it on the distant borders of the Russian state. And the metropolitan nobility was constantly on the "sovereign service".

Providing serving people with a local salary, the size of which established a discharge, was carried out in the maintenance of another central order - the local, the beginning of which put the local hollow and the position of the local delica. Anyone who was determined by the service, filed a minor to the discharge order with a request to allocate a land estate him. In the category, they guessed about him, and then sent to the locomotive order or a decree to celebrate it a certain amount of land.

The formation of a Russian centralized state has increased its international relations. This entailed the appearance of the post of Poshometsky Deca (1486), and then the Embassy Order. Embassy cases, selected in individual countries, are currently forming one of the most valuable collections of RGAD. In the Embassy Order served not only by the funny of different articles, but also translators (for written translations), and Tolmachi (for oral translation). "Survae Service" was not tortocked for them in order work. The devils and the Fishery of the Embassy Order participated in embassies as comrades together with ambassadors and envoys, included the first Russian residences in foreign courtyards, the most experienced officials received independent diplomatic orders in the ranks of the ming. The Embassy Service was not the privilege of only the attaincam of the Embassy Order. Its ranks were periodically replenished with the attainments of other orders who had appropriate knowledge and qualifications.

The source for the formation of ordinal officials of steel, first of all, orders in which children inherited a profession and sometimes even the post of Father - Middle, at the same time the future state employee studied under the guidance of the Father not only a letter, but also foreign languages, wisdom of ordinary work, from The kind in kind was transferred by love and loyalty to the Fatherland and King. In the absence of provisions and special instructions on the organization of work in orders, continuity contributed to the transfer of the administrative experience of the management of the management, which was accumulated by decades, served as the basis of the activities of officials in orders.

The staff of orders was replenished from the nobles, children of the clergy, from serviced people to the instrument and landing people. A certain level of education was a certain level of education, which they received in the family and schools during monasteries and churches was a prerequisite for service in public administration. In the medium of Dyakov and the attainition, well-educated and gifted people met. Order officials often possessed literary talent, wrote historical and journalistic writings, when performing diplomatic orders, accounted for valuable geographical descriptions and cards. A new bureaucracy has been created in the face of Dyakov and the attaincam, who has experienced, common and special knowledge. As a specialist in the history of the serum bureaucracy of the XVI century notes. Doctor of Historical Sciences N. F. Demidova, when setting state institutions, government plants played a huge role on the environment from which these states were drawn ( See: Demidova N. F. Order of primary education schools in Moscow XVII century. M., 1994. P. 52). The most important, from this point of view, is the royal decree set out in memory in a discharge order on December 7, 1640: "To send all orders to send memory, so that Popovsky and Dyaconov children, and the living and the juice hundreds of trade, and black hundreds of Poshesky all sorts, and pasta people and their children do not take to take "( Russian historical library. SPb., 1889. T. 11. No. 3. P. 234). The limit policy of the government in the acquisition of a serving bureaucracy in the field remained throughout the XVII century, with the massaries of the attainers at the end of the century, they left only those attainers who belonged to the "fiction" (i.e., were hereditary attaincami). The collaps of the Moscow orders of the second half of the century were a certain way to regulate the growth of the number of attainers, their distinguishing feature was a strictly manufacturing principle - clarifying the professional suitability of a kind of official to order work. Moreover, the government did not consider it necessary to find out the social roots of the Moscow bureaucracy, considering, apparently, the fact that it was formed under the immediate supervision of the judiciary and discharge. All the attainings falling under the action was supposed to be returned to the social environment to which their parents belonged. Another source for replenishing the states of Moscow orders to highly qualified and educated attainers was a translation system to Moscow servants from local institutions.

Already by the middle of the XVII century. From the service, civilian (Stat) service was mediated, which in the event of a serving bureaucracy was considered as less honorary than the service in the shelves, in military expeditions and embassies. One source for understanding that serve people, officials in orders, in particular, are published below the oaths ("Cross-Driving Records") to be loyal to the Moscow rulers.

Already in the oath of 1598, the Tsar Boris Godunov appears special impsisions for palace ranks and orders, who concerned the circle of their official duties. For the first time, Boris Godunov, Boris Godunov, were brought in the "vocational chromines", as before, but in the Assumption Cathedral. The oath took place many days in a row from morning to evening - there was no break even during the church service. Muscovites saw in this innovation an offensive violation of traditions, but the custom introduced by Godunov was established at the next time.

The increase and complication of the functions of orders demanded from their employees an increasing level of education and special training. In order, there was a high technique of a Caligraphic letter, knowledge of several languages, arithmetic, proceedings, that is, the fact that private and church schools could not give. There is no doubt that in the walls of the orders "young", the fits trained to the wisdom and the secrets of ordinary work under the guidance of more experienced officials,

A significant event in the history of education in Russia XVII century. At the opening of the Jeromonach Timofey School in 1681, which, along with the school of the Eyeson Monastery, the Vykhudov brothers and the Spassky Monastery of Simeon Polotsk, became the predecessor of the Slavic-Greco-Latin Academy, open in 1687, directly related to the organization of these schools and The academies had church authorities. Highlighting the funds for the school case, the patriarchal administration recorded their vacation in accounting documents - expenditure books stored in RGAD. Simeon Polotsk school, educated in the mid-60s, is considered to be specifically designed to prepare particularly trusted officials of the personal office of the king of the attainment of the order of the secret cases, the services of this school also used the patriarchal administration. Hieromonach Timofey School, in contrast to the Uzokospecial Simeon Simeon Polotsk, was opened for a fairly wide range of people. It was trained in "Patriarch and Bishops' subiak and all kinds of people of people Greek language and literacy."

The first teachers of the Academy were the Greeks of the Joanniki Brothers and Sofronia Lichuda, who arrived in Moscow from Turkey in 1685 on the recommendation of the Oriental Patriarchs. Lichudi brothers taught all objects, they also compiled textbooks on grammar, painting, rhetoric, psychology, physics, etc. The Academy is located in the Zaico-Novospassian monastery in China City. The most diligent and diligent students of the Academy received rewards from the king, and at the end of the course complained by the ranks and were attributed to the noble class. Representatives of many well-known boyars and ordinaries came to the Academy, especially after the Decree of Peter I on the fact that people gave their children to Lakhudam to the Italian Language.

The Slavic Greco-Latin Academy was the largest cultural and educational center of Russia of the last quarter of the XVII - early XVIII century.

In the Russian state archive of ancient acts, the funds of state institutions are focused on the main documents on the history of the formation and evolution of the civil service of Russia since ancient times until the end of the XVIII century. Customs management of public institutions Day after day recorded certificates of appointments and movements of officials, their requests for awards, level of knowledge and training.

The documents published below are part of the extensive source base for studying not only the general problems of the public service, but also private issues of training, training, personal initiatives and ethics of employees. Texts are published with the preservation of the authors' spell; Words in square brackets are restored in meaning.

Publication prepared N. Yu. Bolotin.

№ 1

Oath (cross-drive record) Boris Godunov with prescriptions for devils in orders and the attaincam "Embassy and discharge"

I clean this holy and life-giving Cross of the Lord on all because I have a sovereign to my king and the great prince Boris Fedorovich, Fedorovich, Marya Grigorievna and their Children Tsarevich, Prince Fedor Borisovich, all of Russia and Tsarevna Great Princess Aksini Borisovna and whom children God immediately gives God to serve and directly about all without any tricks because in this record it is written to his belly in this cross kissing, and not teaching the sovereign to his Earba and the great prince Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia and his Tsaritsa and the Grand Princess Mary and Chief his Tsarevich and Prince Fedor and Tsarevna and the Great Princess Aksinier on this crossed kissing of serving and straight or somehow that famously make past this cross kissing and not walked for me the mercy of God and the Prechists of the Virgin and the Great Russian Chusudtoles Peter and Oleksa and the ions and all saints and Do not be blessing to me the blessing of the Holy Patriarch of Jeva Moscow and All Russia and Metropolitans and Archbishups and Episcupp Ov and Archimandrite and Igumen and all the consecrated Ecumenical Cathedral, nor in the dress neither in a none of the Likha Likhov none in any way and not sporty, nor the potions of Likhov and the root of the root and do not tell me anyone's potion Likhovo and the root of Davati, and the potion will go to me And the root of Lychy Davati or I will be going to be taking into account HTO, so that I am on my sovereign to the king and the Grand Duke, Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia and above the Queen and Great

Princess Maryu and over their children with sovereigns with his above Tsarevich Knnyazy Fedor and over the princess, the Great Acquaintance, what famous learning is so much inhabited or HTO is growing to spoil and the person does not listen to me and the potions of Likhovo and the root of that person are not I, and the people of their own The agency and with all kinds of deceit and the root of the state of the king and the Grand Prince Boris Fedorovich, and the Grand Prince Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia and Tsaritsino and Tsarevichevo and Tsarevnino for all famously, such a sovereign of his king and the grand prince Boris Fedorovich All Russia and his queen and the great Princess Mari and their royal children, Tsarevich Prince Fedor and Tsarevna and the Great Princess Aksinhu, he humbles with all the Vedovo dreams not to spoil and the department in the wind Naikaya Likha is not satisfied and the trail is not a nomantity that does not have cunning.

As a sovereign King and Grand Duke Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia and his queen and the great princess of Marya and their children Tsarevich Prince Fedor and Tsarevna and the Great Princess Aksinya Kuda will go or Kuda will go to the lack of fairy of the facilities and no whata and no evil mind and fairy Delaware who do not whom the cunnings in this crossed kissing, and hto, such a Vedovo is thinking of thinking or done, but then I will dream of something about that person to say the sovereign to my great king and great. Prince Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia or his boyar or neighbor, and not to dwell, I have any kind of business, but all sorts of tricks really say, but I will learn from Côte or from the part, I'll go about anything about such an evil case And to understand the sovereign of the king and the Grand Prince Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia and over his queen and the Great Princess Maryu and over their children over Tsarevich Prince Fedor and over the princess and the Great Principal Assigned for any famously or HTO, the sovereign of the Tsar and the Grand Duke Boris Fedorovich All Russia or his queen and the great princess of Marhu and their children Tsarevich Prince Fedor and Tsarevna and the Great Princess Aksinhu Rock and Lychim potion and facilitates and Kudes to spoil me and to me, and to bring to the sovereign to our king and the great prince Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia or his boyar or To the near people really, without tricks in this crossed kissing, and not to conceive that by whom the tricks do not have tricks, but will not refuse that I'm talking about a person to the sovereign to me to my king and the great prince Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia or his boyar or near people, to whom the word to convey to the sovereign of the king and the Grand Duke Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia or to his big boyars or to the near people, unfortunately all sorts of trick Some crossed kissing.

So, I'm past the sovereign of my king and the grand prince Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia and his queen and the great princess of Mary and their children of the sovereigns of their Tsarevich Prince Fedor Borisovich, all of Russia and princes and the great Princess Axigns and those children who will give them a sovereign to God, Seyon Bekbulatova 1 and his children and other nobody to the Moscow State not want and videotie neither thinking neither thinking nor with either the truth nor referring to the semi-beekbulatov either by gods not to order for any famous who did the tricks for the casual kiss, but hto me To talk about talking or hto with whom we will take on about Thus and think that a semic or son of his or another Nibidi to the Moscow State of Posatiti, and then I will fall or hear from anyone in anyone, and I am Izatu and to bring to the sovereign to the King and the Great prince Boris Fedorovich all of Russia or his sovereign boyar or neighbor people, and tell me about something really without any tricks on the chemless, but I don't care about friendship, but I will hear or see what Lache the sovereign of the king and the Grand Duke Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia and about his queen and the great Princess Mari and about their royal children about Tsarevich Prince Fedor and about Tsarevna and the Great Princess Aksinhu from anyone and me about that SKA Tow sovereign to his king and the great prince Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia or his sovereign boyar or neighbor, and not to learn that I could not know whoever cunning for the casualty.

And where my sovereign is my king and the Grand Duke Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia and his queen and the great princess of Marya and their royal children Tsarevich Prince Fyodor Borisovich, All Russia and Tsarevna and the Great Princess Aksinya, vendor to their royal service and me being on his sovereign a sovereign Boris Fedorovich's great prince, Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia, servicing and directly without any tricks and betray, not to learn and not do, and not to do any Lich and at the sovereign of the king and the Grand Duke Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia and his queen and the great Princess Marry and on their royal children at Tsarevich to Prince Fedor and the Tsarevna and the Great Prince Aksinhu and whom the children will give them the sovereign to God ahead of God either thinking and to themselves do not give any seventies and do not connect to every famously and squash and plot and every Lychim and Skop Do not come, and where it will not dream of a skop or an evil who is to understand the sovereign of his king and the Grand Prince Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia and his queen and the great princess Ma Ryu and on their children at Tsarevich Prince Fedor and the Tsarevna and the Great Princess Aksinhu, what a lichny intelligence and with those people of Hto will be in that Skop and in any evil, the intelligence will appear to death. So I'm on the sovereign Tsaroye and Grand Duzia Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia, Borina Middle, and on all sorts of people, Di Skop and Conspress and all sorts of Lychim and evil intention, do not see and dislike and not killing, and Killing Nikaki man to death did not tell him whoever who is cunning for the crossed kiss.

So I am from the sovereign of my king and the Grand Prince Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia and his queen and the great princess Marya and from the royal children of their sovereigns from Tsarevich Prince Fedor and from the princes and the great Princess Aksinyi to another whom to a state either to the tour either to the Tsear to the Lithuanian zhigmonta king and to another king either to the Ishpansky either to Frances neither to the Czech either to the Dance neither to Ugrian neither to the Svasky king and in Anguilla and in anyone in anyone in the Crimea nor in the innovics who do not depart or a lich and treason nor who are not a learn, and where my sovereign my and the king and the Grand Duke Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia and his royal children Tsarevich Prince Fedor and Tsarevna and the Great Princess Aksinhae veiled to visit their sovereign in which the city is either boudes or In the campaign, and I have my own sovereign. Tsar and Grand Prince Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia and from his queen and the great princes of Maryia and from their children from Tsarevich Prince Fedor and from princess and the great princes of Aksinyi in which states are not departed and the city of Nikakov is not Zwati neither treason none to learn nor with Shelves either with a hike in any state that the state is not departed.

So, where, I am my sovereign and the king and the Grand Duke Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia, Melting to seek any order or in court and, and I am at his sovereigs, things do not really do anything about friendship, but by no one do not take away. And ruled me by the sovereign to my king and the great prince Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia and his queen and the great princess Marya and their royal children Tsarevich, Prince Fedor and Tsarevna and the Great Princess Axier and whom the children will give them a sovereign ahead of God and their doba lands in all really and Before his belly, in this crossed kiss. (...)

And Cee for the diabet of all orders.

And that me, the sovereign of the king and the Grand Duke Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia complained, ordered me in the Dyaces, and I was at his sovereign the sovereign to my king and the great prince Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia and his queen and the great Prince of Mare and their Children Tsarevich Borisovich, all of Russia and Tsarevna and the Great Princess Aksinje and the Children, whom God will give them to the sovereigns to give, well, all sorts of doing and judge, really, in friendship, anyone does not torment anything, but by no one can take anything in the unfinished and the states of the treasury all sorts of money are not painting, and the state of the treasury of the bourker, and the state of the casseth is by no means to serve [It is written above the string:to nothing], and worst and no one from anyone from anything, and the cases of sovereign secret and anyone do not pass anyone and do not affect and rule me to the sovereign to my king and the great prince Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia and his queen and the great princess Marya and their child Tsarevich Prince Fedor Borisovich, all of Russia and Tsarevna and the Great Princess Axier and whom the children will give them the sovereign to them ahead and their lands of goodness in all really and to their abdomen on this crossed kiss. [...]

And CE Cape the Embassy to the Returning Fashion.

So I am at his sovereign tsarie and grand prince Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia from the Embassy and Return Affairs, do all sorts of affairs indeed and anyone of sovereign ambassadors and ingenic secret and any cases, not to praighten anyone and for any reason Neither who cunning in this crossed kissing. And where my sovereign my king and the Grand Duke Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia will send his royal case with ambassador or with envoys or from the messengers to the Cesar or to Dad and to Frances and to the Dance and to the Svasky king or other in which Nibidi states and me, Being a state of leisurely with Radi on his royal punishment and not to pass those sovereigns to anyone or past the state decree, nothing to refer anything to anyone else to refer and do not speak with them about the sovereign of the Tsar and the Grand Prince Boris Fedorovich, all of Russia and about his queen and great Princess Mari and about their royal children about the Tsarevich Prince Fyodor Borisovich, all of Russia and about the princess and the great princess Axinho and about their states, none of the likh and the ambassadors and the West of all sorts of sovelaifics do not affect anyone Neither the cunning and to his belly on this crossed kissing. [...]

RGAD. F. 156. OP. 1. D. 78. L. 1-9, 17, 18, 21, 22. Reclinist.

№ 2

Care for oath Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich for the attic of the Embassy Order

The first half of the XVII century.

Record Corollary Embassy Orders.

Yaz, impregnated, kiss [Next, crossed out: this] Holy and Life-giving Cross Lord [It is written above the string:great] sovereign to his king and the great prince Mikhail Fedorovich all of Russia [It is written above the string:Self-container] and the sovereign of the Tsarice and the Grand Princess of Egor Lukyanne and their state Children of the Blesser Tsarevich's prince Alexey Mikhailovich and the Blesser and the Great Prince Irina Mikhailovna and the Great Princess and the Great Prince Anna Mikhailovna and the Blesser Tatiana and the Great Princess Tatiana Mikhailovna and whom children will continue to give them a state Tom serving to me, the sovereign of his own, and directly, they want all sorts of tricks in everything [It is written above the string:before his death], and Likha to me, the sovereign of his own, not wanting and the tricks who are not chini not to do and do not think about [It is written above the string:tom] None who do business. And what am I, Imber, on Eude Sovereign Tsareva and the Grand Duke Mikhail Fedorovich, Fedorovich, Fedor [Next, crossed out: to me] life [Next, crossed out: In the Embassy Order, in the order of the Grand Palace] His state affairs in the attain and me [Next, crossed out: to me], being EEO Soverene [It is written above the string: ambassadors and secret all sorts of affairs, not affect anyone and not bother, stressed: and do not affect anyone] and Evo Sovereign Kaznoku with anyone to be noticed and most of the KORSTAISTAVITS itself and in the parish and in Roshodkaya money and all sorts of income is really without a refounter and without an increase, and Lishka to Roskhod do not want to attach anything in everything in the state of the execution of a diploma, and who are their Sadov [It is written above the string:embassy] and the secret cases are ordered to be or who I will hear or see, and I have about [It is written above the string:b because No one affects anything and not bother and in all of their state health from any Likhagati to those kissing.

Well, I, my name, in the vessel and in all degraded affairs of the truth and friends are not friendly, and there is nothing to be stupid and nothing to be staring at anything, but where I hear or dream of my king and the Grand Duke Mikhail Fedorovich, all of Russia and to the sovereign of his queen and the great princess of Evdokyu Lukyanovna and on their state children of any people, a skop or a conspiracy or other of what evil intent and me on those people about that a sovereign or EVO to the sovereign boy and the near people really, but in no way to do and in vain No one can start anything.

And where the sovereign of the king and the Grand Duke Mikhailo Fedorovich, all of Russia, Mikhailo Fedorovich, on his sovereign, and I am a sovereign to him in his state and directly and good want in everything [It is written above the string:entitled] without any tricks and without EVE SEEPU, the decree not about whom Delee do not refer with anyone to those who don't have any business, and not change to the Crimea and in Lithuania and in the Germans and in anyone in which states do not depart [It is written above the string:and with his state enemies Instead of crushed: and from enemy evao sovereign] Do not even mean without Evo Sov'evye, a decree not about the diploma and not referring to the challenges and a word and no letter, but to do in everything really for the crossed kissing.

Yaz, name, the whole holy and life-giving cross [It is written above the string:Lord] On all as in this record it is written by that I am done in everything really and before the designer of your abdomen on this crossed kissing.

RGAD. F. 159. OP. 1. D. 870. L. 1-5. Draft.

№ 3

Case on petitioner 2 Ivan Petrov and Nikifora Fofanov about awarding them for the service

December 1614

King Sovereign and the Grand Duke Mikhail Fedorovich, all of Russia beyond the person's hoods of your sovereign Krechetniki Ivashko Petrov da Mikifeko Fofanov. The sovereign, we are hooking on your sovereign in Crimea with Krechyati with your state ambassador with Knyazay Grigoriam Kostentinovich with Volkhonsky and Diyak with Peter with Aceportov 3 . And your sovereigns in the Crimea were taken great, and in the Crimea Iduchi, we hooks your row, and they themselves got together [smiling], now we have gotters [In the text: breathe] IS Crimea Peshi and Nagi with Prince Ivan Volkhonsky. The merciful king Sovereign and Grand Duke Mikhailo Fedorovich, Fedorovich, all of Russia, perhaps our cores for our services and for sorry for his royal complain to the old on our denngam, and for the exit, how God will notify you. King Sovereign, amazing, perhaps.

Summer 7123-go (1614) December to 20 day. According to the state of Tsareva and the Grand Duz, Mikhail Fedorovich, all of Russia, the decree of the memory of Dapa Duma Peter Tretyakov and Sava Romanchuku, in the order of the Bolshoy Palace 4 To boyar to Boris, Mikhailovichy Saltykov, yes to Diac to Ivan Bolotnikov. In my memory for your Savino, the provider is written: ordered to write out of the vestival list that Ivan Petrov's Histief, Ivan Petrov, and Mikifora Fofhanov's secreted monetary salary, yes that is given to send to [Crash text, probably:] in the astrian order. And in the order of the Big Palace in the list of the courtyard people of the current 123rd (1614/15) written: Krachetsky Ivan Petrov Salad [It is written above the string:old] Mikina Fofanov in the past, and Mikina Boris Mikhailovich, Mikina Boris Mikhailovich, Mikarina Boris Mikhailovich, Mikarina Boris Mikhailovich Saltykova, and Dyakov Ivan Bolotkova, Saltykova, Saltykova, Saltykova, was born again. Ten ruble.

Scrape: Diak Pockets of Nations.

I beat my sovereign to Mikhail Fedorovich, Ivan Petrov, Mikiforniki, Ivan Petrov and Mikifor Phonov. They were sent to the Sovereign Service in the Crimea with Krechette s sovereigns of ambassadors with Prince Grigoria Volkonsky, and the sovereign with Peter Oddokimov, and the sovereigns they attached to the Crimea. And in the Crimea de Giduchi, they opled horses and they themselves came to the Crimea Peshi and Nagi.

And the sovereign would be the king and the Grand Duke Mikhailo Fedorovich, all of Russia, they complained to their sovereign complaint to the state and monetary salary, as God would notify him.

And discharged for an example.

In the past, in the 114th (1605/06), the defendants were sent to Kizyylbashi 5 With the prince of Ivan Romodanovsky Osthefts of the Sychyov da Mikhailo Paskin, but they came to Kizyylbash in the past in the 118th (1609/10) year. And the sovereigns of them are a salaries attached to the old salary for the service and for the way out:

Ostower of owls. The sovereign to him is pledged to 350 Cheats ... [Cliff text] Cections ... [Cliff text] To 14 rubles 4 rubles.

Mikhail Paskin. The states of the state pledged to 200 Chetsi 50 Chetsi, money of KOR 8 ruble 2 rubles.

And in the memory of the order of the Big Palace for the provision of Diak Ptrakoya Nononov of the current 123rd (1614/15), the year is written: the Cerechnik of the Old Secret and Monetary Salary Ivan Petrov 350 Cections, Money Emlet 15 ruble, Mikifora Frafon Metal salary 250 Cections, money 10 ruble .

Earth for the Crimean service wrote [In the text, unintelligible, possibly: gave] Ivan Petrov 50 Cesen, money 4 rubles, yes for the service of 5 rubles and loaknoe good. Mikifora Fofanov 50 Cections, money 2 rubles Yes cloth sternly.

RGAD. F. 138. OP. 1.1613. D. 1. L. 27-30. Script.

№ 4

Claimed memory of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich about Translation Tolmach from Kazan to Moscow to the Embassy Order

Summer 7149 (1640) December 5 in 5 de [n]. By decree of the state and Tsareva and the Grand Duke Mikhail Fedorovich, Fedorovich, all of Russia, the decree of the memory of the boyar, the prince of Boris Mikhailovichy Lykov, and Daco Fyodor Panova da Sergey Makeev. Pointed out the sovereign King and Grand Duke Mikhailo Fedorovich, all of Russia to take [It is written above the string:iP Kazan to Moscow] to your state case in the Embassy Order in Translators [further in the text is crossed out: IS Kazan] Tatar Jana Alya Abyza. And in the state of Tsareva and the Grand Duzzy Mikhail Fedorovich, all of Russia, Decision of the boyar of Prince Boris Mikhailovich Lykov, yes, Daik Fedorov Panova da Sergey Makeyev ordered a sovereign to Kazan to Boyanin and Golitsin to Prince Ivan Ondreyevich Golitsin from comrades, but the Kazan Tatar Jana Alya Aleyza Submit the IC of Kazan to Moscow on the bass.

L 1 Record: "Socialists Memory sent with Tolmovich Z Gregory Pensky."

RGAD. F. 141. 1640 D. 52. L. 1. Reclinist.

№ 5

Recording about the devices, complained to the Chin for the "Riga Service", serving in Moscow in orders

Granted to the devil after Riga services and now in Moscow in orders, and on the services after that anywhere there were no. In ratar 6 Grigory Bogdanov; at the Palace Ondrey Celine, Denis Savlukov; in robbery 7 Dmitry Shipulin; In the Location Andreyan Ansimov; In the big parish Ivan Yartsev, Ivan Cherneyev; In the jourobis 8 Matvey Lviv; in weapons 9 Bogdan Operev; in monastery 10 Andreyan Yerokhov, Philip Oremeniev; in Zemsky 11 Afonasy Shmakov; In the Stone Warrior of the Boylchs from Palace Sodiachi, was in Pskov; in Ustyuga Caeni Alexander Anisimov; In the Kostroma Ceach Ivan Cestago; in New Cective 12 Larion Ivanov; At Salt Rozdachi Mikita Yadin, Osip Karpov, Bogdan Efimov; Not at the affairs of Peter Malygin, Mikita Naumov, Isai Dubinin, MikiFor Mikoshenskaya, Alexander Alekseev.

RGAD. F. 210. OP. 9. Moscow table. D. 350. L. 351-352. Script.

№ 6

The petitioner of the Council of the Galician Cape Vasily Nikitina 13 about the suck of the salary for the service in the shelves and the order

After 1664/65

King Sovereign and the Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovichu, All Majakia and Kalya and Belya Rosia, the autocrat hits the man of the boy, your order to the Galician Cepary of the Jiaki Vaska Nikitin. I work, the great sovereign, I have a holop of your great sovereign affairs in Moscow in orders and on your great sovereign services from 7159th (1650/51), and on your great sovereign services I have been, the holop is yours, the boyar and Governor with Prince Boris Andreevich Repnin from Comrades in 7170-M (1661/62) and at 7171-m (1662/63) in Novgorotsky shelves, and at 7172-M (1663/64) and in 7173-M (1664 / 65) Avenue in the Belorod.

Yes, I am, your boy, for your great sovereign, it was sent to Ozk, and your great sovereign complaining to me the holopa of your money salary thirty rubles, and I did not store the holop of your hip. The merciful sovereign of the king and the Grand Duke Alexey Mikhailovich, All Majakia and Malia and Bellya Rosya Self-adjacent, perhaps me to Holopa for my order of my order and for the service, led me the sovereign for a local salary to verify how to notify everything to you and mercifully. The king sovereign, smile up.

RGAD. F. 210. Sevsky table. STB. 254. L. 210. original.

№ 7

Allor Translator of the Embassy Order of Fyodor Fedorova

7180s (1671) of September in 10 de [n]. The Embassy Order Tolmach Fedor Fedorov said. In the past in the 7170th (1662/63), as he came to the Great Sovereign to Moscow Aglinsky King Ambassador 14 , and at that time I was at the Arkhangelsk city, and in the identity from Moscow to the Arkhangelsk city to the governor sent to the state of grades, it was sent to the city of Arkhangelsk translator and Tolmach Aglinsky. And at that time, Prince Osip Ivanovich Shcherbatu took me in Tolmachi to the aglinsky ambassador and sent me a ambassador to Moscow, and how I came to the ambassador to Moscow, and at that time I was taken in the Embassy Order in Tolmachi and I was confused For ten money for a day, a day, and the annual salary of ten rubles, and tested me to stand at the prefix to leave and told me to spend the ambassador to the Saysky turn. And how I came back to Moscow, spending the ambassador, and I was given a sovereign of a gram in Vologda, ordered to take my bride and kids to Moscow, and there was me in the Embassy Order in Tolmachy and sent me to serve for the sea in Aglinskaya Earth with Messengers With Vasily Yakovlevich Dashkov for Z DKAK Z Dmitry Shipulin 15 . And in another row I was sent to the service in the identity in Aglinskaya and in Galanian lands with sent with Mikhail Golovna 16 , and for those services, I am not granted to the renovative feed to the annual monetary salary, and I serve in the Embassy Order in Tolmachy from 7172nd (1663/64). That is my and scab, and I wrote in Evo Fedotov to the extension of the Embassy Orders of the village of Artyoshka Kurgan.

RGAD. F. 138. OP. 1. 1671 D. 30. L. 1. Reclinist.

№ 8

Record in the Embassy Order of the Professional Undarity

The fits, which in the Embassy Order are not suitable, to write bad, and they do not go to the order, but they declared theft between them.

Petrushka nuts - 6th

Athonka Sheshhenin is not Vestan

Ivashko Toropov - not Vestan [The text crossed out: Bear Belyaninov - not Vesa]

7181 GU (1673) of July in 21 de [n] by decree of the great sovereign of the Okolnichy Artemon Sergeevich Matveyev 17 Having listened to this letter, ordered that the attainances for their tape and the rod of the order to refuse, so that there were no thieves from them. And Mishke Belyaninov to tell you in the order to walk and sit and sit or go to keep some rope, and he set himself to be with a paradise, and everyone to tell everyone the smallest article to say that they were in the order they were without lazy and no foolishness kept.

RGAD. F. 138. OP. 1. 1672 D. 18. L. 117. COLINT.

№ 9

The case on the petition of the Justice of the Embassy Order of P. Belyaninova 18 who studied Tsarevich Fedor Alekseevich "Skoropisnaya Letter", about the issuance of bread salary

King Sovereign and the Grand Duke of Alexey Mikhailovichu, All Majakia and Kalya and Belya Rosia, the dealer hurts the wife of your great sovereign, the son of your great sovereign of the Sovereign of the Sovereign of Tsarevich and Grand Prince Feodor Alekseevich, All Majiki and Kalya and Belyan Rosia, teacher Pamphilko Belyaninov. In the past, the sovereign in the 7180-m (1671/72) year on your state gravity states to me the Kholopus Your Dacy Your Great Summer Salary Salary and Festive Money and Bread at the 7180th (1671/72) year against the first articles of the Embassy Orders of the attain. And I will have a salary of your great sovereign a salary of monetary salary and festive money at the 7180th (1671/72) year from Novgorobsky order, it was not given a breadstanding. The merciful sovereign King and the Grand Duke Alexey Mikhailovich, All Majakia and Kalya and Belya Rosia Self-adjacent, perhaps me His Hall, led my great sovereign bread salary to me on the 7180th (1671/72) year against the Embassy Orders of the attaincam. King Sovereign, Smoy.

And in the Embassy Order is written.

In the 7179th (1671) in November 7171, by the decree of the great sovereign of the Tsar and the Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich, All Majakia and the Mikhai and Bellya Rosya, the dealer were taken to the son of the Evo Sovereign, to the beloved state of Tsarevich and the Great Prince Feodoro Alekseevich All Globyia and Malya and Belya Rosiya by the Embassy Order of the Jianc Pamphil Belyaninov to teach his sovereign Tsarevich to a poropisnaya letter from Pervago Places. And the great sovereign salary salary to him Pamphyl was, as he was sitting in the attaincam, 60 ruble, and a festive 5 and 6th and 7th ruble for the holiday. Yes, in the past, in the 7180-m (1671) year of October in 10 de [Ny], the great sovereign of the Embassy Order of the Majiki of his great sovereign again complaining about their salaries. And Pervago Places to the Council of the Celli Rzya, Oat Tezh. And by the decree of the great sovereign of his great sovereign Son of his states of the blessance of the sovereign of the sovereign of the Sovereign and Grand Prince Feodor Alekseevich Master Pamphyl Belyaninov at 7179th (1671/72) Evo's salary 60 ruble and festive money issued from Novgorobsky order in full, against He was given, as he was in the attain.

And the Great Sovereign of the King and the Grand Duke Alexey Mikhailovichu, All Majakia and Kalia and Belya Rosia, the autocrat of Pamphil Belyanin hurts a friend. In the past, De In the 7180-m (1671/72), he is specified by his great sovereign a salary of monetary salary and festive money and bread at the 7180-M (1671/72) year against the first articles of the Embassy Orders. De Veliky sovereign salary of monetary salary and festive money at the 7180th (1671/72) from Novgorobsky Order Solna was issued, and the bread salary is not given.

And the great sovereign would have complained, told him his great sovereign bread salary on the last 7180th (1671/72) against the Embassy Order of the attaincam, the first articles issue.

Summer 7181st (1673) Genvarya in 16 de [n] Sovereign Tsareva and Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich All Majiki and Malya and Belya Rosya Self-Shipyard Decree of Claim and Colonel and the head of Moscow Archers Jury Petrovich Lutokhina yes Deca Ivan Kazarinov Great Sovereign King and Great Prince Aleksey Mikhailovich, All Majakia and Malya and Bellya Rosyia and Kalya and Belya Rosiy, teacher's Son of his sovereign, blessing of the sovereign of Tsarevich and the Grand Prince Feodor Alekseevich, All Majakia and Kalya and Belya Rosiy Pamphila Belyaninov, ordered him to give his great sovereign bread salary for the past 7180 (1671 / 72) Fifty-five five CHECIES RJs, OPS TEG in a reception measure. And in the state of Tsareva and the Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich, Al Of All Magnia and Kalya and Belya Rosia, the decree of the Claim and Colonel and the head of the Moscow Archers Jury Petrovich Lutchin and Deak Ivan [Kazarinov] to teach about this.

L 67 Record: "By decree as Eude, the money brother in the salary."

L 68 Record: "For the provision of Diaka Yuryeva Pozdyshev given to Pamfila."

RGAD. F. 138. OP. 1. 1672 D. 18. L. 68. COLINT.

№ 10

Record in the expenditure book of Patriarch Joacima about issuing a salary of Hieromonach Timofey and Greek Manulya Grigoriev 19 for the training of servicinal ranks Greek

His Holiness Patriarch complained in the Cross Chamber 20 Hieromonakh Timofeya da Grechinina Manuly Grigoriev, who in the printed courtyard teach students of the Patriarch and Bishops' subiabli and all the ranks of the Greek language and literacy, two rubles to the man, and there are four rubles. Yes, the student of their His Holiness Parliament to their Holy Holy Parliament, and all sorts of officials, Soroki, by man along the Osca Altyn for two dengue, a man, and ten Rublev. It is given to the reception Ivashka Veshnubakova. Those Dengi to the Holy Patriarch in the Crusade told the treasurer of the old man of Piazza Siyskaya, and about the note of the money in the retail of the litter Evo, the Treaschaeff.

RGAD. F. 235. OP. 2. D. 105. L. 241-241 OB. Script.

№ 11

Entries in the expenditure book of the Patriarchal State Order 21 On visiting by the Patriarch Joachikom schools in the Epiphany and Spassky monasteries

September on 3 days. His Holiness Patriarch went to the Epiphany Monastery, which is behind the vehicle nearby, for the inspection, where to build a school to teach students Greek book writings [...]

By decree of the Holy Patriarch, and on the Maczzling Treasurer of the elder, Pairovaya Siya Suzdalsky, the village of Ivanovsky, the village of Vasqua Ivanov, who was purchased for Gostin's courtyard of the printed courtyard with a school student of Wasquet Ivanovo with a tental man on the shirts of the linen canvas. And for those canvases to his wise money for Arshin, and six ruble. I will receive Ivashka Nezden Rospisk in the canvas of students in the Rosikhod pillars under the peasant cheerful: Vasili Ivanov, Dengi took, by his vein, Putuft Uspenskaya Pop Mikhail Filipov painted.

June at 3 days. The His Holiness Patriarch went to the resca monastery, which is in China for the icon nearby, for the inspection of a place where to build stone leaves for teaching a student of Greek bookscript.

And in that monastery, by the decree of Holy Patriarch, the student of Slavenskago, the exercise, which is learn from the monk Selivestra, Ivan Semenov composed by twenty-three people for Cy money, total twenty three altya. I will receive Ivashka Nezstaven, the money distributed the student, and the decree was consolidated by the old man of Paisius Siya's treasurer.

RGAD. F. 235. OP. 2. D. 118. L. 153, 272 OB.-273. Script.

№ 12

Vaparti from the expenditure book of the patriarchal order about the device of schools at Nikolaev and Spassky monasteries in Moscow

December 1687

In the painting for the mark of the treasurer of the elder, Paferu Sergeyev's Treasurers, Patriarch, which he was bought in a New Stone School, which was built in the Nikolaev monastery, what the Iconal Patriarch's Patriarch's Patriarchal, which the place was delivered in that School Sukna Cherry Mero to Earl Arshin Ten Vershkov, and on the upholstery of the Ambon, on which the place was delivered and on the chairs, followed by the disciples, to the old clutch in addition to half the cloth of Green Anburus. And for those Sukna, Parfenu for the cherry in Tttzeti three Altyna for two money for Arshin, and there was a six ruble altyn with a month, and half a ruble with a half; Wallpaper one-day ruble seventeen altyn five money. [...]

According to a letter for the mark of the Treasurer of the elder, Pairovaya Siya Icon of the commercial man Mikhail Frolov, that he was bought in a new stone school, which was built in the Spassky Monastery. What the Icon Nearby, in which students are studying Greek Book Scripture, Icons of CT leaf on paints Deesus for three icons in Deesus, yes one-day Icons of different, and including five vacant icons, three images of the Most Holy Mother of God, the image of the Mother of the Virgin Donskoy, the image of the Annunciation of the Holy Mother of God, the image of the three saint universal. And for those icons to him, Mikhail for Deesus with Kyot for two rubles for Deesus for eleven icons of different one altezny Altyn for the icon; Total three rubles twenty alone altyn. In total, he is Mikhail for the above-mentioned icons seven ruble twenty-one altyn. [...]

In the current 1687th year in December, the month was bought in the spa monastery of the monastery of a stone school that in China. In China, in the lower three, three tables of oak, given twenty-five Altyn, the table is lime on the accurate feet, the twenty three Altyna: two money; In addition, we will have a big tissue to Surikov's connections thirteen pounds, given for the pound on the mine; Oils of the oilya and Olify on six Altyn for four money, from the stoken given ten Altyn hire carpenters to remake the table, which was brought from a printed courtyard, where students learn Russian diplomas, yes, those of the stoves of the join, do the top of the teachers make the gate than to carry water and firewood. It is given for the work of the twenty-six Altyn Sovetski from the repair from ten stoves, which fixed the furnaces in the school is given ruble. The carpenters are hired at the top of the teachers of the boards of the kostby in all the chasulas, they also have to make a ten windows of the journal, they have a chuslan; It is necessary for them to work the ruble Fifteen Altyn. The buspenters are hired in the lower and middle clad Four tables to make, yes the bench is a large four soot, yes four small, yes Chyulan; Given for the work of the twenty six altyn four money. Four graffitwesters are large glass, given for the work from the repair of sixTeen Altyn four money. Total to this painting for the above seven ruble. [...]

RGAD. F. 235. OP. 2. D. 127. L. 334 OB. - 335 OB., 348B.-349. Script.

№ 13

The grades of the kings of John and Peter Alekseevich Kozlovsky and the Voevoda Ya. G. Kozlovsky in the chambers about the analysis of the attain

... Prince Yakov Grigorievich Kozlovsky. In the 7186th (1677/78), the Blessed Memorial of the Great Sovereign of Our Great Sovereign, the Blessed Memorial of the Great Soviet of the Tsar and the Grand Prince Feodor Alekseevich, All Majakia and Kalia and Belya Rosyia and the Floor and Obolnik, which is our ours, Vasilla Savich Narbekova Yes, Deca Artemia Volkova was ordered in the Temnov in the ordinary hint to be a fictional number of fusion, and not by Posatsky, an old majority of people and not a Popovy Child and grandchildren. And now we have learned the great sovereign to us, that in the chamber in the orderly hut in the attic of the antiques, the children and the grandchildren of the man ten and large are sitting in the attic. And how, our great sovereigns of the diploma will come to you, and you b in Temnikov in the ordinary hut ordered to be a fictional number on the rice of His fusion, and not by the Posatki old people and not a Popov Child and grandchildren. Yes, those burdulous Posatsky vintage people ordered to write in the same time, and the Popov Children and grandchildren ordered to be in the churches of God in the truthmen. And how many people will be left and whoever named the names, he learned with a genuine the first book, yes, about Tom the great sovereign wrote, yes, this book and postponus ordered in the order of the Kazan yard 22 Korchem to our prince Boris Alekseevich Golitsin 23 With comrades. Pisa in Moscow of the summer 7197 (1689) of June in 11 de [n].

On about. l. 1 records: "In the chambers of the so-called, the prince of Yakov Grigorievich Kozlovsky", "7197 (1689) of July in 20 de [n]", "watched Matyushka Buynakov."

RGAD. F. 1167. D. 1851. L. 1. No start. Script.

№ 14

The case of the petition of the M. Rodostamov M. Rodostamov 24 About the addition of a salary for the work of high mastery

The great sovereign of the King and Grand Duke John Alekseevich, Peter Alekseevich, All Majakia and Kalya and Bellya Rosia, the autocrats hurts a friend of your state embassy by the Order of the Fitness of the Bear of Rhodes. I work in the Embassy Order from 7191th (1682/83) with my brother in a row, yes, I'm overly writing sheets, and your great sovereign salary salary to me Osmanteday Ruble, bread Ря семнатья Чей, oats, yes on Holiday three rubles. And others, the sovereigns, my brothers who are not writing to the sheet, they are defeated by the larger, and I am keen. Mercy Velikie State Suppays Tsari and Great Knyazi John Alekseevich, Peter Alekseevich All Majikia and Kalya and Belya Rosia Autocrats, please me, His Hall, tell me the sovereigns for the ordinary my discount and for a sheet letter to teach your great sovereign to the salary to give you a great sovereign to you And God will notify me. Great sovereigns, smiluity.

And in the State Embassy Order is written.

In the past in the 7191st (1683) of July in 27 de [n], by the decree of the great sovereign, it was ordered to be the top printing house to Mikhail Rodotamov in the Embassy Order in the attic. And the great sovereigns of cash and bread salary was committed to him by the new salary: money 12 rubles, the bread of rye 12 CHECI, OVA, festive 2 rubles with a festival for a holiday, and in the past 7196-M (1687/88) by the decree of the great sovereign He was Mikhail on their great sovereign service with a messenger with a procopy 25 on the residence in Poland. And for the parcel, their great sovereigns of a complain of the new-term monetary salary to 12 rubles were torn to the new calculation of 3 rubles. And how he is the IC of the parcel came and he was configured to give them to the monetary salary to 15 rubles 3 rubles, to the bread to 12 CHECI RY, OPS 6 CHECIES RJ, OUT; For festive half for a holiday. In total, he is now salary of money 18 rubles, bread rye 18 CHECI, OSA identity, festive 3 rubles for a holiday, yes salt 5 PUD.

And the great sovereign of the King and Grand Duke John Alekseevich, Peter Alekseevich, All Majakia and Malya and Bellya Rosya, the dealer of the State Embassy, \u200b\u200bthe order of the Fitochi Mikhail, works by the man, works in the Embassy Order from 7191st (1682/83) with his brother in a row yes he writes sheets over his brothers, and their great sovereign salary salary money 18 ruble, bread rye 18 CHECI, OVYA TEG, and festive 3 rubles for a holiday, and other de European brothers who are not writing brothers , salaries are still being worked, and he is compiled against them. And so that the great sovereigns were pleased with Evo, they ordered a job for EEO and for a sheet letter to teach their great sovereigns to the salard to the salary, as a great sovereign, God will not be about him.

And he is written to the example.

In the past in the 7191-m (1682/83) of the Great Sovereign of the State Embassy Organization by the Fali Nikita Alekseev 26 , Leontia Pousinov 27 For ordinary work to their former salary of 5 ruble man, bread against money.

Yes, in the 7193-m (1683/84), the Great Sovereigns of Summary of Poshdach to the salary for the ordinary work of the Salachim Ivan Cherchetyev 28 3 Rubles, Mikhail Volkov 29 6 ruble; Bread both against money, yes Ivan w festive on the ruble for the holiday.

In the 7195th (1686/87) of the Great Sovereign of the Sladya, the Sladya, the Casual Work to the last salary to 11 rubles 4 rubles, bread against the money, and so applied to give him to decry the salary in order.

In the 7195th (1686/87) of the same year, the Great Sovereign of the Sladyku Ivan Ivan Ivan Khatkov for the Polish Evoloral Service and for the ordinary work to Evo's salary to 13-rubles 6 rubles, bread against money, and festive, and with the previous one Rubles with a festival for a holiday.

In 7197-M (1688/89), the Great Sovereign of the Sign of the Slady, Mikhail Larionov 30 For ordinary work to the salary of EEO to 13-rubles 5 rubles, bread 5 Cective Rya, OPS TEG; Yes, according to the same discharge, he was configured to send for the parcel that he was at the Aglin King, at the Brankenburg Kamfirestra, at Prince Aran, the Galantskaya Stat, and Prince of Florensky, Zeak Vasillize 6 ruble, bread against money. In total, he was committed to the addition of 11 rubles, bread against money, yes to the mental money on the ruble for the holiday, the salt is two crushes. In the 7200th (1691/92) of the year of the great sovereigns of the Sladya Stepan Woodkovoy for the Don Parcel to the Oklade of EUO to 27 rubles of 5 rubles.

And on the certificate in the Embassy of the order and with the gauge of the attic of the Book of Different with the salary of Mikita Nikita Alekseeva money of 40 rubles, bread against money, yes festive holidays on 5 and 6 and 7 rubles for a holiday, salt 9 PUD.

To write out that now cash salaries by the Mikifora Velikov, Ivan Ivanov, Mikhail Volkov, Mikhail Larionov.

In the bold book of the past 7200 (1691/92) written. Great sovereigns of the complaint of the Embassy Order of the Council of Failure: 30 ruble Nikifor Venkov 31 , 19 ruble Ivan Ratkov, Mikhail Volkov, 24 rubles Mikhailo Larion. And bread all against money.

September in 30 de [Ny] The Great Sovieties complained to the Embassy Order of the Mikhail Rodostamov. We ordered him to teach his great sovereigns of a salary [for ordinary EEO work and the seat and for a sheet letter, that he wrote many of their great sovereigns of the diplomas in the rose states and to the hetman to Ivan Stepanovich Many people] [In the text it is taken in square brackets] There are three rubles for the previous EU cash salary, and the bread salary of Rye and Oats will sing him against his monetary salary. And give him awards to the order to the eliminated subiaco salary.

RGAD. F. 138. OP. 1. 1692 D. 6. L. 1-7. Script.

№ 15

The statement of the distribution of the attains to the service in the orders and shelves according to the "Dismissal"

In the Embassy Order for the orders, the Upholstery are left: the old: Maxim Alekseev, Ivan Gubin; Central Articles and Young: Ivan Ratkov, Ivan Favorov, Lion Volkov, Laurent Protopopov [Stripped names: Vasilie Stepanov, Alexander Simanov, Boris Kartov].

And in the big policeman boyar and governor Alexey Semenovich Shein 32 Poslants: Stepan Chapels, Averkey Leontiev, Semen Ivanov, Dmitry Sartakov, Alexey Alekseev, Ivan Avramov, Mikhail Araramov, Kirilo Kovyrshin, Yakov, Verfolomy Regiment, Gavrilo Villan [Stressed: Nikita Maximov].

Okye Order of Maja Rosia left: Old: Ivan Cherdleyev, Peter Kurbatov [Stressed: Kondrat Nikitin]; Central Articles and Young: Grigorea Yudin, Ilya Nikiforov, Andrei Nikitin, Ilya Sivtsov, Ivan Yuriev.

Order of the Great of Russia: Vasily Zhadaev.

And in the Big Regiment of the boyar and the governor Alexei Semenovich Shein from the comrades can be ordered.

Old: Velikhoroshi and Malorosian orders: Condrate [Yu] Nikiti [Well], Vnifati Panfenyev, Boris Alekseev, Ivan Petrov. Average article and young: Alexei Menshikov, Grigoryu Bogdanov, Fedotov Rogov, Afonasy Inekhov, Osipu Gavrilov, Stepan Frolov, Vasily Bogdanov, Fyodor Borisov, Timothy Khokhlov, Ivan Inekhov, Kondat Fedorov, Andrei Pavlov, Boris Bauntina, Mikhail, Fadej Bogdanov.

Volodythimer's da Galician orders are left in those order one by one person to the old funeral in the order: Semen Nikitin, Andrei Ivanov, and with them one person of young attainers: Ivan Prokhorov, Stepan Vetytsky. And in the shelves were sent to those orders of the attaincam: Kozma Zhuravlev, Vasily Alekseev, Peter Pesorzov, Yakov Davydov, Larion Dobrynin, Yakov Lazarev, Andrei Stepanov.

With Ustyugovsky, the order of the attainers, who, along with the service of the Great Soviet, the old: Vasily Tabunitsov, Vasily Protopopov; Young: Boris Zykov, Ivan Gordeev, Vasily Bulanikov, Grigoria Eliseev, Alexey Gorodetskoy, Danilo Protopopov, Semyon Fokin, Yakov Nikitin, Gavrillo Klimontov, Peter Ivanov, Ivan Veslotskaya, Luka Mezheev, Vasili Kozlov, Nikita Chizhij, Mikhail Ostomin.

Yes, the order is left for ordinary affairs: old: Ivan Ivatyev, Timofey Osipov; Young: Tikhon Petrov, Maxim Ivanov, Stepan Turchnyna. Well, the order of Fitness: Ivan Gusev - sick, Ivan Shkotkin - in the parcel.

By the order of the principality of Smolensk, the fits were sent to the shelves on the Hazhanku: Grigorya Bogdanov, Kuzma Soviets, Artemy Golden, Andrei Slobodin, Yegor Clean, Grigorye Slobodin, Stepan Klogyov, Ivan Bogdanov, Pimin Krapivin, Dmitry Surovtsov, Andrei Minin.

In the parcels from Moscow for sovereigns: Leontei Berezin, Mikita Zverev.

The order left: Grigoria Surovtsov, Ivan Gramotin, Timofey Shishlyaev, Mikhailo Belikov.

Yes, Dmitry Yermolaev remained for the disease.

Painting of Novgorotsky Order of the attainer, who sent to the service of the great sovereign: Ivan Isakov, Ivan Bogdanov, Artemius Zykov, Philim Fomin, Andrei Ievlev, Ivan Stepanov, Fyodor Trowney, Ivan Ivanov, Dementy Kavalov, Luka Kirilov, Peter Shibayev, Alexey Ivanov, Anisim Vasilyev , Sergey Denisov, Alexander Stragorodskaya, Sidigrian, Vasily, Malkhanov, Grigoria Petrov, Grigoria Faofanov, Grigoria Greek, Fedosej Ryakhovskaya, Mikhailov Volodimers.

Yes, old Fedor Kishamutin, Ivan Tibitsky left for ordinary affairs; Young: Tripon Yalmenov, Dementy Treskin; Due to sick: Grigorea Shibayev, Stepan Brehov.

RGAD. F. 138. OP. 1. 1698. D. 16. L. 5-12. Script.

To commemorate the 200th anniversary of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin, from October 31, 2002, a professional holiday was established - the day of the diplomatic worker, which is celebrated on February 10. This date in domestic historiography is conditionally assumed to consider the day of the formation of the first foreign policy department of Russia - the Embassy Order.

There is no accurate official date of the institution of the Ambassador, since there is no special act about its creation and functions. It was created from the executed courtyard - the office of the Moscow state, which also was also external intercourse. By the middle of the XVI century, the external communications of the Moscow state were so expanded that the urgent need for the creation of the Central Office for Foreign Affairs.

In 1549, Tsar Ivan IV ordered "to conduct an ambassador" Duma Deak Ivan Mikhailovich, who in a short time managed to put the embassy documents in a short time, disassembled and systematized the extensive royal archive, which was strongly affected by the fire of 1547. For the first time, it appeared in descriptions of archival documents, the account was carried out to account for the business securities. It was during the temple that the Embassy of the Office was finally formed, which was soon implied by order.

This is what the documents of those years, in particular, "a brief statement of former between Poland and Russia correspondence, wars and truces", made in the Embassy Order of about 1565-1566: "In the 57th year (i.e. in 7057" From the creation of the world "or 1549) orders the Embassy of Ivan Viscovatoy, and was still in the attic ...". It also states that 1 (10) February 1549 I. Techish together with Deca Bakaka Karacharov and Lithuanian writer wrote a truly diploma on a government courtyard, that is, a truce agreement. Thus, the date 1 (10) of February 1549 is considered the most accurate date of the foundation of the Embassy Order.

From the very beginning, the Embassy Order has become a center where information about all external affairs flowed. Here were asked the visitors of the Strangers about the events that took place in the world, about the relationships of monarchs, etc. The reports of Russian ambassadors were received here, which contained a wide variety of countries where they had to happen, for which it was possible to judge what Interest for Russia at that time. Here they were preparing the punishes to the Russian ambassadors, sent abroad. Only from 1549 to 1559 Moscow visited 32 embassies from different countries.

In the jurisdiction of the Ambassador, there were not only diplomatic affairs, but also legal concerning trade. In complained certificates, foreign merchants referred to themselves that in addition to liberation from duties they could use the privilege to sue Russian citizens across the Embassy Order.

In the XVII century, the growth of the international importance of the Russian state caused a significant expansion of the functions of the Embassy Order. It was structurally shared according to the territorial and state attribute to improvement, that is, the peculiar departments that performed certain functions. The order appeared bailiffs and guard. All employees of the order were put to the oath, promising to keep a state secret, not to communicate with foreigners, and in translates to translate truthfully. There were in the order and the goldists, that is, those who painted the gold and paints of the diplomas, sent to foreign states (usually samples of the diploma and initial words). The Embassy Order was entrusted with the overall leadership of the country's foreign policy and all current diplomatic work. In addition, public seals and the state archive were kept in the Embassy Order.

If in the XVI century the Embassy Order was mainly the Office for External Relations, who fulfilled the decision of the king and the Boyar Duma, then in the XVII century it turned into a central government institution with broad powers and significant independence.

Since 1667, at the head of the Ambassador, there were no more devil, and the boyars, some of them, for example, A. L. Ordina-Nachichokin, was assigned a special title - "the royal biggest of the press and state-owned ambassadors of the faith." Among the heads of the Embassive Ordeka, there were a lot of outstanding Russian diplomats - A. Ya. Schelchelov and V. Ya. Schelchelov, A. S. Matveyev, V. V. Golitsyn, E. I. Ukrainians, etc.

The main task of Russian diplomacy of that time was control, monitoring of intercourse with foreign states, the accession of new territories and collecting the Russian state. A. L. Ordin-Nachchokin In one of his appeals to the king, Alexei Mikhailovich highly emphasized: "In the reigning country of Moscow, the Embassy Order, Yako Zenitsa Oka, Store. Because this institution has an eye with the whole of the Great Russia!" Russian diplomacy has followed the compliance with "state interest".

A small number of the staff of the Embassy Order tirelessly supported the relationship with almost three dozen countries, collected military, political, economic and cultural information about the countries of Europe and Asia. In fact, employees of the order laid the foundations and principles of Russian diplomacy.

In the second half of the XVII century, the Embassy Order began to be called state, which emphasized his special significance. With Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, he received the name of the State Order of the Embassy Press. Since the 80s of the XVII century, he was sometimes called the State Embassy of the Office, which subsequently, under Peter I, was transformed into an ambassadorous stationery, and then in 1720 in a colleague of foreign affairs.

Prepared on the basis of the article A. Yu. Guseva,
third Secretary IDD