Robert Burns. "Honest poverty
Great about verses:
Poetry is like painting: one work will captivate you more if you look at it closely, and another if you move further away.
Little cutesy poems irritate the nerves more than the creak of unoiled wheels.
The most valuable thing in life and in poetry is that which has broken.
Marina Tsvetaeva
Of all the arts, poetry is most tempted to replace its own idiosyncratic beauty with stolen glitter.
Humboldt W.
Poems succeed if they are created with spiritual clarity.
The writing of poetry is closer to worship than is commonly believed.
If only you knew from what rubbish Poems grow without shame... Like a dandelion near a fence, Like burdocks and quinoa.
A. A. Akhmatova
Poetry is not in verses alone: it is spilled everywhere, it is around us. Take a look at these trees, at this sky - beauty and life breathe from everywhere, and where there is beauty and life, there is poetry.
I. S. Turgenev
For many people, writing poetry is a growing pain of the mind.
G. Lichtenberg
A beautiful verse is like a bow drawn through the sonorous fibers of our being. Not our own - our thoughts make the poet sing inside us. Telling us about the woman he loves, he delightfully awakens in our souls our love and our sorrow. He is a wizard. Understanding him, we become poets like him.
Where graceful verses flow, there is no place for vainglory.
Murasaki Shikibu
I turn to Russian versification. I think that over time we will turn to blank verse. There are too few rhymes in Russian. One calls the other. The flame inevitably drags the stone behind it. Because of the feeling, art certainly peeps out. Who is not tired of love and blood, difficult and wonderful, faithful and hypocritical, and so on.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin
- ... Are your poems good, tell yourself?
- Monstrous! Ivan suddenly said boldly and frankly.
- Do not write anymore! the visitor asked pleadingly.
I promise and I swear! - solemnly said Ivan ...
Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov. "The Master and Margarita"
We all write poetry; poets differ from the rest only in that they write them with words.
John Fowles. "The French Lieutenant's Mistress"
Every poem is a veil stretched out on the points of a few words. These words shine like stars, because of them the poem exists.
Alexander Alexandrovich Blok
The poets of antiquity, unlike modern ones, rarely wrote more than a dozen poems during their long lives. It is understandable: they were all excellent magicians and did not like to waste themselves on trifles. Therefore, behind every poetic work of those times, a whole Universe is certainly hidden, filled with miracles - often dangerous for someone who inadvertently wakes dormant lines.
Max Fry. "The Talking Dead"
To one of my clumsy hippos-poems, I attached such a heavenly tail: ...
Mayakovsky! Your poems do not warm, do not excite, do not infect!
- My poems are not a stove, not a sea and not a plague!
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky
Poems are our inner music, clothed in words, permeated with thin strings of meanings and dreams, and therefore drive away critics. They are but miserable drinkers of poetry. What can a critic say about the depths of your soul? Don't let his vulgar groping hands in there. Let the verses seem to him an absurd lowing, a chaotic jumble of words. For us, this is a song of freedom from tedious reason, a glorious song that sounds on the snow-white slopes of our amazing soul.
Boris Krieger. "A Thousand Lives"
Poems are the thrill of the heart, the excitement of the soul and tears. And tears are nothing but pure poetry that has rejected the word.
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Analysis of the poem R. Burns " honest poverty"
"Honest Poverty" is one of Burns' most poignant accusatory poems, created during the French Revolution (1789) under the influence of the American revolutionary publicist Thomas Paine's book The Rights of Man. "Honest Poverty" has become a widespread song among the Scottish people. Many contemporaries called this verse "The Marseillaise of ordinary people."
Scottish in his poem talks about eternal questions: what is poverty and wealth, what is honor and intelligence. How honor and intelligence are combined with wealth and poverty. The main theme is honesty with oneself, spiritual purity. The author urges people not to be ashamed of their position, the poverty that surrounds them. He asks them not to be ashamed of who they are and not to compare themselves with the so-called "nobility". And those who do this, on the contrary, are scolded and called “pathetic”. We see evidence of this already in the first lines of the verse:
Who is honest in his poverty
Shame and all
The most pathetic of people
Cowardly slave and so on.
Why Honest Poverty? Why exactly did the author give his poem such a name? I think because, according to Burns, behind expensive horses, luxurious houses, magnificent clothes, a sea of precious stones and other things, only meanness, deceit, stupidity and other negative qualities inherent in "false" people were often hidden. He knows that people who are honest, conscientious, honoring morality often end up with nothing in this life and make up the class of the poor. And those who are more cunning, meaner and have most of these qualities, and there is the "top", "know". That is why poverty is honest. After all, if you look through expensive things, all the splendor of clothes and luxurious jewelry, then behind it lies a lot of lies, it is the foundation of all this. And if you look at what an ordinary poor peasant has, then don’t look at anything, everything that he has got out of honesty and originality. Indeed, often following morality and the call of justice, we end up with nothing materially, but he is honest with himself. The real dignity of a man is in his mind and diligence, so says Burns. You can't cover stupidity with a silk dress, you can't drown dishonesty in expensive wine.
According to the plot of the poem, we see that here the deceitful rich are opposed to each other - the honest poor. What is revealed to us by comparing the lives of some and others
We eat bread and drink water
We cover ourselves with rags
And all that stuff
Meanwhile, the fool and the rogue
Dressed in silk and drinking wine
And all that stuff.
In composition, the poem resembles a standard folk song (which it later became). There is a verse, with a certain meaning, after which there is a constant repetition of certain words, which serve as a kind of chant.
For all that,
With all that
Similar repetitions are observed in almost all folk songs. The first part of the refrain remains unchanged, while the other is constantly changing, and refers to the theme of the previous verse, which forms a standard scheme of interconnected semantic parts that have a beginning, middle and end.
The very tone of the poem and its mood does not seem tragic, despite the fact that its role is to denounce all the vices of the deceitful and dishonest and oppose them to honest beggars. Burns himself was a peasant-man of the people, and therefore he wrote in a simple and uncomplicated style, in ordinary simple words, understandable to any mortal. This is where his simple and uplifting poetry comes from. Reading "Honest Poverty" you understand why many lines of his works have become slogans, aphorisms. Having dedicated his work to ordinary people, this poet deservedly received nationwide recognition and love. Also, frequent rhetorical exclamations add to the energy and emotionality of the verse:
Wealth -Stamp on gold
And gold - We ourselves!
Or you can observe the same thing at the end of the third chorus:
A log will remain a log
And in orders, and in ribbons!
And so almost at the end of every verse, except for the second.
There is also a large number of phonetic repetitions (alliteration) of some sonorous consonant sounds, and in particular [l ”], [m], [n], which, in turn, gives even more elation and sets the rhythm: The lyrical hero does not separates himself from the crowd, but rather unites himself with people like him:
1. Let us be poor
2. We eat bread and drink water
3. We cover ourselves with rags
He acts on behalf of the people, expresses their thoughts in his poem, talking about their daily life. He does not strive to stand out, he calls to unite everyone who is his spiritual and material "brother", which again shows us him as a spokesman for the thoughts of "mere mortals" who never knew what chic wines, puffy dresses and expensive overseas entertainment are.
The main role in the simplicity of this verse, I played, of course, its size. Not loaded, not cumbersome, light and simple disyllabic iambic is the best choice for a poem on this subject. As has been repeatedly said, Burns' poems easily fit into music and are remembered, therefore, in terms of rhythm and meaning, "BW" easily turned into a widespread Scottish folk song, vaguely reminiscent of the primitive compositions of an earlier time, with which people accompanied their work or any games. .
Almost every line is imbued with positive moods, faith in a better future and that justice will prevail. The author is not shy, and directly expresses his position with proud confidence and a look to the future:
The day will come and the hour will strike
When mind and honor
The whole earth will have a turn
Stay in first place.
Again, reading these lines, you involuntarily begin to believe in his words. And for the most part, these verses were written in order to raise the people's spirit and prevent it from falling. To support everyone who is already tired of all the troubles that have fallen on him in this position, and was able to look further. In a sense, we can safely say that Burns could boldly raise uprisings and be a people's leader, since he literally guesses the thoughts of every person in this position.
We understand the main idea of the verse-I through the antithesis - the constant opposition of poverty and wealth, honesty and deceit, for example, through household items or from stories about everyday life:
We eat bread and drink water
We cover ourselves with rags
And all that stuff
Meanwhile, the fool and the rogue
Dressed in silk and drinking wine
And all that stuff.
accusatory poem antithesis
The poet contrasts smart and honest workers with noble, but stupid and ignorant people. The poor are often very worthy people. A good person can hide behind a bad dress. And vice versa, who wears rich clothes, he often turns out to be "a fool and a rogue." Therefore, Burns urges us to "judge not by dress", but the poor - not to be ashamed of their poverty.
To enhance the effect of antithesis, as well as to give special lightness and emotionality to the verse, the poet uses frequent repetitions and comparisons (see above). Today, verse-e is popular for its subject matter. It is easy to remember and can become very popular if it is transcribed by some contemporary artist to new music. For example, like the same songs of Tsoi or Vysotsky, which young people love to sing around the fire. Now it is not very popular, but it exists in the performance of such little-known singers as Maria Cherkaskaya, Efrem Flaks, etc., and it is also known to play it at the play "Robin Hood" staged by one of the Moscow musical theaters.
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The poem "Honest Poverty" by the greatest Scottish poet Robert Burns is written on the tune of a famous folk song. In a simple and easy language, the poet expresses not only his own, but also popular ideas about honesty and dignity, good and evil.
R. Burns argues that if a person is honest, but poor, he has no reason to be ashamed of his poverty, because wealth can be gained and lost, squandered and accumulated again, but the high internal qualities of a person cannot be bought for any money: “Wealth is a stamp on gold, and gold - we ourselves!
The poet calls nobility not those who dress in silks and drink wine, but those who are not afraid of honest work, because even the most resounding name, given to a proud, foolish and impudent person at birth, will not be able to add intelligence, honor and decency to him:
A log will remain a log
And in orders and ribbons!
Feeling contempt for titles and titles, the author of the poem argues that in a person one should value not empty words, but real actions, his attitude towards himself and other people:
The king of his lackey
Appoint a general
But he won't be able to
Designate an honest fellow.
The poet believes that the time will come when his hopes will come true, all people will become brothers and sisters, and
mind and honor
The whole earth will have a turn
Stay in first place.
Reading a poem by Robert Burns, you understand why many lines of his works have become slogans, aphorisms. Having dedicated his work to the people, this poet deservedly received nationwide recognition and love.
Poet Robert Burns is widely known throughout the world. Burns was the son of a peasant, so his poetry is closely connected with the people, with their aspirations, thoughts, troubles and joys. The poet wrote about what is close and understandable to ordinary people, many of his works are similar to folk songs and ballads.
In the poem “Honest Poverty”, the author is looking for answers to his questions - why a person is poor, how to escape from poverty without losing the purity of his soul. The deep meaning of the poem is accompanied by perky Scottish gaiety. The author calls not to be ashamed of poverty. He believes that it is better to be a poor but respected person than to earn his wealth dishonestly. The most important dignity of a person lies in the mind and diligence, and this cannot be bought for money. Expensive clothes, jewelry, carriages and palaces are not indicators of Mind, as evidenced by the lines
This jester here is a natural lord.
We must bow to him.
But let him be stiff and proud,
A log will remain a log!
The king can grant a title, award an order, but he is not able to endow a person with a mind. The poet optimistically believes that "the day will come and the hour will strike when it will be the turn of the mind and honor on the whole earth to stand in the first place." The poem instills in ordinary people faith in their strengths and capabilities, awakening human dignity in them. Nevertheless, it seems to me that the glorious time that the poet dreamed about, when the mind will stand in the first place of universal human values, has not yet arrived. Right now, in the cruel modern world, those who are smarter, tougher, more ruthless, who are ready to go "on their heads" survive. Often smart educated people do not find application for their knowledge. For easy money, many use the principle of "buy and sell." We can only hope that "there will be a day when all people around will become brothers", and worthy human qualities will be evaluated accordingly.
Who honestly feeds on labor, -
such I call nobles.
Recently, at a literature lesson, we got acquainted with the work of the wonderful Scottish poet Robert Burns. The grandson and son of farmers, himself a farmer, he knew from his own experience all the joys and sorrows of a simple working life. “If I didn’t know who he was,” Walter Scott wrote about him, “I would take him for a very smart farmer of the old Scottish sourdough, not from these current landowners who keep laborers for hard work, but for a real “good the owner, who himself walks behind the plow. Neither honor nor glory spoiled him, and in his poems he spoke about his people what he knew and felt.
It seems to me that the poem "Honest Poverty", which opens a collection of his poems, can serve as a kind of epigraph to all the work of this original poet. Berne is convinced that wealth and rank are nothing compared to true values. Noble is not the one who is rich and dressed in silk, but the one who "honestly feeds on labor" and is not ashamed of "his honest poverty." Poverty is not a vice. And the real wealth is the person himself, who has the mind and self-esteem:
Wealth - a stamp on gold,
And gold - We ourselves!
You can get an inheritance, title and rank, but no one can be appointed honest and decent. “Rewards, flattery, etc. do not replace intelligence and honor,” the poet claims.
The main idea that permeates the entire poem is the poet's belief that someday
The day will come and the hour will strike,
When mind and honor
The whole earth will have a turn
Stay in first place.
His speech is free and confident, we do not feel importunity or moralizing. The poet expresses his thoughts in a simple and understandable language, he is convinced of his own rightness. His poems are still loved in Scotland to this day, many poets of the world translate his poems into the languages of their nations, because Robert Berne is not only an outstanding poet, but also just a person who dreams of a world in which there will be no inequality, injustice, lies and deceit where not a single scoundrel will remain, living on the labor of others, and "all people will become brothers!"
Robert Burns, the famous Scottish poet, wrote the poem "Honest Poverty". The domestic reader probably got acquainted with this work translated by Samuil Marshak. As can be seen from the title of the work, the author asks eternal questions. It is important for him to understand: what is poverty and what is wealth, what is honor and what is intelligence. Is it possible for one person to combine honor and intelligence at the same time as poverty? Can a rich man be called honest and intelligent?
Robert Burns lived in the 18th century. At that time, Britain was ruled by wealthy English nobility. They were not always the smartest and could make informed and rational decisions, but the presence of titles and money gave them many rights, including the opportunity to take part in the government of the country.
At the same time, many people who showed intelligence and honored dignity, but at the same time were not rich enough and did not have a noble origin, could not find themselves in this life, were not included in the processes of governing the country. This situation seemed unfair to the poet, and criticism of the then order is openly and loudly heard in his work.
Whom does Burns consider to be real noble and worthy of reverence people? First of all, he refers to them those who independently earn their living by their labor. According to Burns, it is impossible to judge a person by the clothes he wears, but the wine he drinks, by the food he eats - such assessments will be superficial and will not fully reflect the inner peace of the interlocutor. Much more important are the spiritual characteristics of a person - kindness, intelligence, honesty. And then questions of origin, the presence of money in the wallet fade into the background.
The poem is built on the opposition of the poor, but honest, with the rich, but dishonest. The author claims that wealth often does not give its owner the characteristics of an honest and noble person. More often there are people whom wealth has made stupid and dishonest. Never, according to the author, money and titles will replace the mind and conscience, which, unfortunately, were lost on the way to fame and fortune.
According to literary critics, the political events that took place in Europe during the life of Robert Burns (for example, the French Revolution) could not but affect him, in his manner of writing and coverage of social problems. The author sincerely considered the revolution a way out for the situation that had arisen in England, seeing no other way to save a person from poverty and lawlessness, into which the desires of those in power plunged them.
In the course of the story, Burns attacks the absolute monarchy as the social order that dominated Europe at that time. According to the author, a king who could do whatever he thought of. which could not be argued at all and which could not be criticized, in fact, was the quintessence of all the evil that dominated the society of that time.
The Scottish poet's poems have been popular among literature lovers for over 200 years. The lines of his most famous works eventually became the slogans under which revolutions were made. Reading Honest Poverty, one wonders how a simple farmer (namely, this was the origin of the author) could create such exquisite ballads, various messages and biting epigrams. At the same time, he worked physically, and his work was hard and at times even overwhelming, but even constant need could not hide in him that joy of life, that fun and that love for humanity that runs through all his works.
Who is honest in his poverty
Ashamed and everything else
The most miserable of people
Cowardly slave and so on.
For all that,
For all that,
Let us be poor
Wealth -
stamp on gold,
And golden -
We ourselves!
We eat bread and drink water
We cover ourselves with rags
And all that stuff
Meanwhile, the fool and the rogue
Dressed in silk and drinking wine
And all that stuff.
For all that,
For all that,
Don't judge by the dress.
Who honestly feeds on labor,
Such I call the nobility,
This jester here is a natural lord.
We must bow to him.
But let him be stiff and proud,
A log will remain a log!
For all that,
For all that,
Though he is all in braces, -
A log will remain a log
And in orders, and in ribbons!
The king of his lackey
Appoint a general
But he can't nobody
Designate an honest fellow.
For all that,
For all that,
Awards, flattery
And so on
Do not replace
Mind and honor
And all that stuff!
The day will come and the hour will strike,
When mind and honor
The whole earth will have a turn
Stay in first place.
For all that,
For all that,
I can predict you
What will be the day
When around
All people will become brothers!
Analysis of the poem "Honest Poverty" by Burns
The Scottish poet Robert Burns lived in the 18th century, at a time when the aristocracy was in power, and the merits and demerits of a person were determined solely by his origin. But it was a revolutionary time, and new ideas were already gaining momentum.
The poet himself was from a poor peasant family. From childhood, he observed the life of the common people, worked hard and knew how often stupidity and greed accompany wealth and a high title. The main theme of his poem "Honest Poverty" is the opposition of the nobility, prim, pompous and empty, and the poor people. The author considers poverty to be honest, and calls the one who is ashamed of it pathetic.
The poems describe the social structure of that time. The king may grant any rank to a lackey, but he cannot endow him with honesty and intelligence. And the real nobility, according to Burns, are those who have true wealth: a clear conscience, the dignity of a working person and kindness. But these people are forced to eat bread, drink water and cover themselves with rags, while the titled rogues are dressed in silks, drink wine, enjoy various privileges and govern the country. This extremely unfair state of affairs aroused the indignation of progressive people, a revolution had already taken place in France, all of Europe was on the verge of change. The poet is sure that the time will come when intelligence and honesty will take their rightful place, diligence will be appreciated, and all people will become brothers.
The poem is written in the style of a folk song, which later became. Light in form and style, it was to the taste of the common people and imitates earlier folk compositions that were sung during work or after it in a cheerful company. Despite the weight of the social problems exposed in the lines, the tone of the work is upbeat, cheerful, it conveys the mood of the poor, who, in conditions of hard work and deprivation, still sing songs and enjoy life. And the author in verse is not an outsider, he unites himself with the common people, expresses their thoughts.
“Honest Poverty” is a work that has not lost its relevance even today. Issues of social inequality are not as acute as they were two hundred years ago, but they still worry thinking people. And, although the poems no longer have the popularity of a folk ballad, they are studied by schoolchildren and students, used in theatrical productions, and remind us of love for people and faith in justice.
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