Read the poem several times.

Find material related to the poem in question, the history of its creation (this information will help to comprehend the poem, its theme and main images, besides, they can be used in the introduction).

What picture is the poet painting? Imagine it to yourself, write down what you imagined. Simply retell the poem in your own words.

What feelings does the poet convey in the poem? What are the key words that shape those feelings? Write it down in a draft, using the mood dictionary if you find it difficult (see below).

What kind figurative and expressive funds helped create this picture? (Find words in a figurative sense, comparisons, underline them in a poem, give them a definition using a dictionary of terms.) What images help to draw these figurative and expressive means? Select the main, central images.

Think about what the poem is about (it will be his topic). What did the poet want to say in his work, what thought did he express? (This will main idea poems). Write it down in draft.

What feelings does the poem evoke in you? What do you imagine when you read a poem? Write it down.

Collect all draft notes and organize them using analysis essay plan essays (see below). At the end of the work, check for speech defects, errors in content, correct them, and then check for spelling and punctuation errors.

Approximately it will look like this.

Poem	Essay materials
Tyutchev F.I. "Reluctantly and timidly..."	Tyutchev F.I. - master of landscape and philosophical lyrics. The poet's pictures of nature are shown through lyrical experiences, connected with philosophical reflections about life and death, about the place of man in the world.
Reluctantly and timidly The sun is looking at the fields - Chu! thundered behind a cloud, The earth frowned. Winds of warm gusts - Distant thunder and sometimes rain... Green fields Greener under a storm. Here it broke through the clouds Blue lightning jet - The flame is white and flying Bordered its edges. More often raindrops A whirlwind of dust flies from the fields, And thunder rolls All angry and bold... The sun looked again Frowningly into the fields, And drowned in radiance All the troubled land	"Retelling in Your Own Words" The poet paints a picture of spring nature. The sun is still illuminating the earth, but a thunderstorm is already approaching. Lightning flashed. It starts to rain, the wind picks up. Thunder sounds more often. The sun, illuminating the earth, hides behind the clouds. Mood. Storm delight. The poet admires Visual and expressive means. epithets: “reluctantly and timidly”, “green”, “white and flying”, “angry and bold”, “confused”. Personifications: “the sun looks at the fields”, “the sun once again looked / Frowningly at the fields ...” Comparison: "Dust flies from the fields in a whirlwind." Metaphors: “drowned in the radiance”, “stream of lightning” These words help the poet to convey all the changes in nature before the rain, to draw the landscape more vividly. Images of the sun and earth, images of lightning, thunder. Feature - a lot of verbs that convey action, movement. Theme and main idea. Poem about spring rain. The poet shows how nature changes at the moment of the beginning of the rain. My feelings. I liked it, because rain is a cleansing for nature. The storm is always alarming and attracting. I smell the rain.

It remains to put everything in one text, using the plan.

Chapter 2. Plan for the analysis of the poem.

We examined several plans for essays on the analysis of the poem. Some were too voluminous, contained 17 items, many of which are incomprehensible to a student in grades 5-6, because. were not covered by the program. We found one plan for elementary school students, but it did not contain the concepts that are studied in grades 5-6 (graphic and expressive means). We settled on one plan proposed by Prokina Natalya Valentinovna, a teacher of the Russian language and literature of the secondary school No. 2 r.p. Kolyshley Penza region.

An approximate plan for analyzing a poem for grade 5.

1. Expressive reading of a poem (teacher).

2. Emotional perception of the text.

3. Verbal drawing (landscape lyrics).

4. Work at the lexical level: what figurative and expressive means helped to experience these feelings.

5. Determining the theme of the poem, the main idea.

6. The image of a lyrical hero.

7. Own attitude to what you read.

8. Expressive reading of a poem (student).

However, this plan is not suitable for writing an essay. Therefore, we decided to take the plan proposed in the thematic notebooks on literature, reworking it, removing the unknown to the sixth graders, adding points from the plan proposed above. We decided to provide each point of the plan with detailed questions that, in our opinion, will help the student in analyzing the poem. Some details of the plan, considered in other sources as separate points of analysis, we combined into one point for convenience (one point - one paragraph), especially in the sixth grade the student still cannot fully and voluminously reveal the images, the main idea of ​​the poem and he does not need to a separate paragraph is required.

The plan of composition-analysis of the poem.

2 . What picture does he paint in his poem? (Describe. Pay attention to the details of the drawing of the paintings, their color scheme. What words in the poem suggested the named features of the image to you?) Mood, feelings conveyed by the author. How do feelings change from the beginning to the end of the poem?

3. The main characters of the poem. Expressive means (epithets, metaphors, comparisons) Syntactic figures: antithesis, appeal and exclamation.

4 . Personal attitude towards reading. What feelings does the poem evoke?

Based on the materials collected for the essay, such an essay can be obtained.

Tyutchev F.I. - master of landscape and philosophical lyrics. The poet's pictures of nature are shown through lyrical experiences, connected with philosophical reflections about life and death, about a person's place in the world, about his connection with nature. Landscapes delight with their emotionality and expressiveness. This can be seen in the poem by F.I. Tyutchev"Reluctantly and timidly..." , which refers to the spring rain. The poet shows how nature changes at the moment of the beginning of the rain.

In his work, F.I. Tyutchev paints a picture of spring nature. The sun is still illuminating the earth, but a thunderstorm is already approaching. Lightning flashed. It starts to rain, the wind picks up. Thunder sounds more often. The sun, illuminating the earth, hides behind the clouds. The poet admires the lively nature, admires the impending thunderstorm.

The main images of the poem are the images of the sun and the earth, lightning and thunderstorms, which, as it were, do not allow the sun to connect with the earth. Personifications help to make the picture alive, spiritualized: “the sun looks at the fields”, “the sun once again looked / Frowningly at the fields ...”.Using the epithets "reluctantly and timidly", "green", "white and flying", "angry and bold", "confused", the poet creates images of nature. The abundance of verbs helps to convey movements, changes in nature.

I liked Tyutchev's poem"Reluctantly and timidly..." because rain is a cleansing for nature. The storm alarms and attracts at the same time. I think I can smell the rain.

“The main advantage of the poems of Mr. F. Tyutchev lies in the lively, graceful, plastically correct depiction of nature. He passionately loves her, understands perfectly, the most subtle, imperceptible features and shades of her are available to him, and all this is perfectly reflected in his poems, ”wrote N. A. Ne-krasov, highly appreciating Tyutchev’s lyrics of nature and calling the talent of the poet "the paramount poetic talent."

F. I. Tyutchev was especially fond of spring and autumn nature, symbolizing rebirth and withering. He created unique images: thunderstorms, spring waters, the night sea, etc.

Remarkably, Tyutchev's poem "Autumn Evening" is a kind of lyrical meditation, caused by the beauty of falling asleep nature. In it, nature appears in its magnificent festive decoration, the author emphasizes its "touching mysterious charm." The poet draws images of the sky, wind, trees, leaves, clear evening. The intonation of the whole poem is soft, pacifying, creating a feeling of peace and harmony. Only the “ominous brilliance and variegation of the trees” and the “gusty, cold wind” portend the approach of late autumn, not so calm and sweet. In the poem, Tyutchev humanizes nature, speaks of it in the language of metaphors. This landscape of a clear autumn evening is truly captivating.

A striking contrast to this poem is Tyutchev's well-known hymn to the thunderstorm ("Spring Thunderstorm"). The storm rumbles, plays, frolics, joyfully proclaiming the awakening of spring nature. By injecting a trembling sound, Tyutchev conveys the strength and power of a natural phenomenon: "Young peals are thundering ...".

Metaphors help the poet to revive the picture: “rain pearls”, “the sun gilds the threads”.

The storm makes you think of the gods - Tyutchev introduces the image of the goddess Hebe, spilling her "loud-boiling goblet" on the ground.

A distinctive feature of Tyutchev's lyrics is the comparison of natural phenomena with human experiences. The poet compares the inexhaustible strength and vitality of the key (“The stream thickened and grows dim ...”) with the spark of life that always flickers in the “orphaned chest”, happy love with northern summer, the breath of spring in the middle of autumn with memories about youth...

The image of the sea appears more than once in the poet's lyrics. The contemplation of the sea was really exciting for Tyutchev. A vivid evidence of this is the poem “How good you are, O night sea ..”, of which the great poet left five options.

The poem "You, wave, my sea ..." Tyutchev also dedicated to the sea. The poet is conquered by the willfulness and love of life of the wave, its secret charm, he entrusts his soul to her. The wave either laughs, “reflecting the vault of the sky”, then frantically beats against the shore, then whispers affectionately, then grumbles violently, it is “sometimes gloomy, sometimes bright”. She appears as a living, animated being in this poem.

According to V. Ya. Bryusov, “Tyutchev's poems about nature are almost always a passionate declaration of love. Tyutchev seems to be the highest bliss available to man - to admire the diverse manifestations of the life of nature.

To begin with, the second part of the question is connected with a poem by Sergei Yesenin, where he so poetically describes a snowstorm, a little further a blizzard that raged in earnest. The blizzard rages so zealously that to enhance perception, the poet resorts to verbs that emphasize the full power of this natural phenomenon. Yesenin uses in his lines verbs that are more characteristic of a person: he cradles, calls out, sings, but it is this technique used by the poet that “revives” the blizzard, making it the main character of the poem.

After analyzing the poem with the child, you can proceed to the first part of the task, namely, writing a short story based on personal observations. In our case, the story turned out as follows:

• I really love winter. I like the snow where you can ski and sled. I like the light frost that binds the puddles and turns them into little skating rinks for me to skate. I love the snowflakes that tickle my nose as they slowly fall from the sky. But, I do not like, because because of the strong wind, I have to stay at home so as not to hurt my cheeks in the snowy wind and only look out the window at how the trees are gradually dressed in shaggy snow coats with which they are wrapped in a winter blizzard.

Winter sings - calls out ...
Winter sings - calls out,
Shaggy forest cradles
The call of a pine forest.
Around with deep longing
Sailing to a distant land
Gray clouds.
And in the yard a snowstorm
Spreads like a silk carpet,
But it's painfully cold.
Sparrows are playful
Like orphan children
Huddled at the window.
Little birds are chilled,
Hungry, tired
And they huddle tighter.
A blizzard with a furious roar
Knocks on the shutters hung
And getting more and more angry.
And gentle birds doze
Under these whirlwinds of snow
At the frozen window.
And they dream of a beautiful
In the smiles of the sun is clear
Spring beauty.
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physical phenomena
in Russian poetry
poets

The study of physical phenomena and laws in conjunction with the consideration of their reflection in works of fiction: writers and poets vividly and figuratively sing of their native nature, talk about characteristic natural phenomena.

Natural sources of light (their glow does not depend on the will of man) have long attracted the attention of people; they inspired poets, artists, composers, thinkers. Here is how our great compatriot M.V. wrote about the star. Lomonosov:
… The abyss of stars is full.

There is no number of stars, the bottom of the abyss.

And here is a poem by V. Lugovsky:
Star, star, cold star.

To the cold needles you will sink lower and lower.

You will disappear at dawn without a trace

And at dawn you will emerge from the void.

Your distant world is a winged whirlwind of fire,

Where the nuclei of atoms fuse from the heat.

Why are you looking at me so icy,

A grain of sand on the crust of the globe.

A F.I. Tyutchev dedicated one of his poems to the rainbow:
How unexpected and bright

On the wet blue sky

aerial arch erected

In your momentary triumph!

One end plunged into the forests,

Others went beyond the clouds -

She grabbed half the sky

And she was exhausted at the height.

Oh, in this rainbow vision

What bliss for the eyes!

It has long been us for a moment,

Catch it - catch it soon!

The light and warmth of a fire always attract people, create a lyrical mood, as described, for example, in a poem

I.S. Nikitin:

Brightly twinkling stars

In the blue of the skies;

Shine of the moon

Falls into the forest.

Heard between the bushes

Laughter and conversation;

hot mowers

Fire lit.

Stars over the fields

Wilderness and reeds ...

So they pour themselves

Sounds from the soul.

A special role among artificial light sources belongs to the candle: it has become a symbol of life, knowledge, as well as the memory of the dead, a symbol of the immortality of human souls. Thanks to this, in B. Pasternak's poem, the image of a candle creates a corresponding lyrical and philosophical subtext:

Melo, melo all over the earth

To all limits.

The candle burned on the table

The candle was burning.
Like a swarm of midges in summer

Flying into the flame

Flakes flew from the yard

to the window frame.

Snowstorm sculpted on glass

Circles and arrows

The candle burned on the table

The candle was burning.

It was the candle that served as the “starting point” for the Russian electrical engineer P.N. Yablochkov when creating a lamp with an electric arc -

"Yablochkov's candles".

Everywhere, constantly on earth, the water cycle takes place in nature.

All the inhabitants of our planet are its witnesses, witnesses of evaporation, boiling and condensation of moisture. Let us turn to fiction, where there are descriptions of these phenomena.

Let us now answer a few physical questions related to fragments from poetic works.
3
M.Yu. Lermontov "Two brothers":

The low valleys smoke

Where heaps of small huts

With dirty yards...

Question: Why does fog most often form in lowlands?

(Answer: Cold air stagnates in low places.)
Russian writer Ivan Alekseevich Bunin.

"Cold Spring":

Among crooked trunks, among gnarled branches

Milky smoke creeps: the garden is fumigated.

All apple trees are in bloom - and behold, in green herbs

The fires, like tongues, blush and tremble.
The colorless smell is pure - expect frost by midnight.

And the nightingales sing from their warm nests all night

In dope blue smoky manure,

In the silver dust of misty-bright stars.

Questions: Why do blooming apple trees fumigate in anticipation of frosts?

Why can frost be expected in early spring with a cloudless sky?

(Answers. The fumigation of garden trees saturates the air with the smallest particles of combustion products, and steam from the air condenses on them, releasing heat that warms the flowers. When the sky is cloudless, the earth is greatly cooled by radiation; smoke delays this radiation.)
Russian writer Nikolai Nosov.

"Dunno on the Moon":

Vintik and Shpuntik, being in a state of weightlessness, wanted to boil the kettle. “In the beginning, everything went well, but after a few minutes, Vintik and Shpuntik saw how water began to bubble out of the spout of the kettle, as if someone was pushing it out from the inside. Shpuntik quickly plugged the spout of the kettle with his finger, but the water immediately began to bubble out from under the lid.

This bubble grew larger, finally broke away from the lid and, shaking as if it was made of liquid jelly, floated through the air.

Questions: how to explain what happened?

Why couldn't Vintik and Shpuntik boil water in the kettle?

(Answers: Weightlessness. In weightlessness, convection is impossible.

The bottom layer of water in the kettle heats up and turns into steam.

The steam expands and displaces cold water from the kettle.)

From a poem by a Russian poet F. Tyutcheva "Clouds are melting in the sky ...":

Clouds are melting in the sky

And, radiant in the heat,

The river rolls in sparks ...
Questions : did you recognize the physical phenomenon referred to here? Name it. Why does the water surface sparkle?

(Answers. The described phenomenon is associated with the reflection of light. There are always ripples on the surface of the water, little whirlpools; it can be represented as a combination of concave and convex mirrors. Concave "mirrors" focus the sun's rays, so bright sparks appear on the water. Since the surface waves-“mirrors” are constantly moving, it seems that the sparks flare up and go out.)

Poetic images of various natural light sources.
Rainbow: Spring sun with rain

Building a rainbow together

seven color semicircle

Of the seven wide arcs.

No sun and no rain

Not a single nail

And built in two counts

Celestial Gate.

S.Ya.Marshak
Stars: So many stars crammed into the frame

Between window sashes.

They sparkle in the evenings

Like golden letters.

In a window close semicircle

Remembering, you know

Polygons and arcs

Universe fire drawing.

S.Ya.Marshak
Lightning: And then summer said goodbye

With a station. Taking off your hat

One hundred blinding photographs

At night I took away the memory of thunder.

Merkle brush of lilac. In it

Time he, having picked up an armful

Lightning, from the field they trafil

Light up the management house.

B.L. Pasternak

Fire: There is nothing sadder than the night

Bonfire, forgotten in the forest.

Oh, how he trembles, dying out

And flaring up in the wind!

Night cold wind from the sea

Suddenly flies into the forest:

He, circling furiously, throws

Decayed coniferous weed into the fire

And the flame flares up greedily

And the darkness that hung like a tent

Suddenly trembles, opening

Trunks and branches over the fire.

I.A. Bunin
Riddles Contest:
1. Once they asked a rose why, enchanting the eye, you scratch us cruelly with prickly thorns?
(thorn points have a very small cross-sectional area).
2. Have you ever walked through the swamp? Was it easy for you? Here's something! Then why is the huge elk so easily running through the swamp?
(The hooves of the elk are split. There is a membrane between them. Therefore, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe foot of the elk is quite large, and the pressure is relatively small).

3. The flight attendant was very nice, before departure she asked me to pour out all the ink from the pens. Why did she need it?

(At high altitude, the ambient air pressure is low, and the pressure in the pen is equal to the atmospheric pressure at the ground surface. If the pressure is too high, ink may spill out of the pen.)
4. What mistake is made in the poet's poem:

She lived and flowed on the glass, but suddenly she was enveloped in frost, and the drop became a motionless ice floe, and the heat in the world diminished?

(When water turns to ice, heat is released rather than consumed.)

5. It was winter. Sherlock Holmes entered the room from the street. Only the edge of the road was visible through the frozen windows. The landlady is lazy, he thought. Why did he make this conclusion?
(Answer: The windows in the owner's apartment were frozen. This means that warm moist air penetrated into the space between the frames from the room and, in contact with the cold glass, froze on it. Consequently, the windows are poorly insulated.)
6. Having come to visit, Sherlock Holmes went to the window and looked into it. “Your house is stone and cold,” he remarked. What made him say that?
(Answer: Through the window, he saw that the house was made of stone and its walls were thin; Brick is not a very good thermal insulator.)
7. "Do you want some tea?" - asked the owner of the house Sherlock Holmes. "Yes," replied the guest. “That's good,” said the owner. “But I like hot tea, so I put a piece of sugar in it just before I drink it.” “It is wiser to do this earlier, as soon as you have poured it,” Sherlock Holmes advised. Is he right?
(Answer: Right. If sugar is put immediately into hot tea, then its temperature will immediately drop, and the lower it is, that is, the less it differs from room temperature, the slower the tea cools.)
8. “Pancakes are delicious when hot,” said the hostess, inviting Sherlock Holmes to the table. “To keep them hot longer,” she continued, “I put a plate of pancakes on a wire-woven tray. I ask you to." "It's better to put them on a wooden stand," Holmes advised. What is this advice based on?
(Answer: The thermal conductivity of wood is less than metal, so the plate cools more slowly on a wooden stand.)

9. The mistress of the house where Holmes was, went to the door and let the cat into the room. Looking at the cat, Sherlock Holmes said: "The weather is cold outside." How did he determine it?

(Answer: Obviously, by the cat's fur. In cold weather, the coat becomes especially fluffy so that there is more air in the gap between the villi - a poor conductor of heat.)
Riddles on the theme "Nature and phenomena in it."

For each answer, a physical question is posed.

1. 
   It does not sink in water and does not burn in fire. What it is?

(answer: ice)
Question: When does the kettle with boiling water cool down faster: if it is put on ice or if ice is put on the lid?

(Answer: when ice is placed on the lid of the teapot; in this case, a cold layer of water is formed around the ice, which is heavier than the rest, and it will sink down; there will be convection currents)

1. 
   Without arms, without legs, but climbs into the hut. What are we talking about?

(cold, warm)
Question: Why do many animals sleep curled up in cold weather?

(Answer: A coiled animal has less body surface, so it cools less. Due to less contact with cold air and less convection)

1. 
   You follow her, she follows you, you follow her, she follows you. What it is?

(Shadow)
Question: How to get a shadow of different lengths from one stick?

(Answer: you need to tilt the stick at different angles towards the sun)

1. 
   I eat coal, I drink water,

When I'm drunk, I'll speed up.

I'm carrying a convoy on a hundred wheels.

And I'm called ... (Steam locomotive)
Question: What is the working fluid of a locomotive engine?

(Answer: steam)
8
5. What is walking without moving? (Answer: time)
Question: Does time always "go" at the same speed?

(Answer: No; its course depends on the speed of the frame of reference)

Changes are constantly taking place in nature and weather, sometimes it snows, sometimes it rains, sometimes the sun bakes, sometimes clouds appear. All these are called natural phenomena or phenomena of nature. Natural phenomena are changes that occur in nature regardless of the will of man. Many natural phenomena are associated with the change of seasons (seasons), so they are called seasonal. For each season, and we have 4 of them - this is spring, summer, autumn, winter, its natural and weather phenomena are characteristic. Nature is usually divided into living (these are animals and plants) and non-living. Therefore, phenomena are also divided into phenomena of living nature and phenomena of inanimate nature. Of course, these phenomena intersect, but some of them are especially characteristic of a particular season.

In the spring, after a long winter, the sun warms up more and more, ice drifts on the river, thawed patches appear on the ground, buds swell, the first green grass grows. The day is getting longer and the night is getting shorter. It is getting warmer. Migratory birds begin their journey to the regions where they will raise their chicks.

What natural phenomena occur in spring?

Snowmelt. As more heat comes from the Sun, the snow begins to melt. The air around is filled with the murmur of streams, which can provoke the onset of floods - a clear sign of spring.

thawed patches. They appear wherever the snow cover was thinner and where more sun fell on it. It is the appearance of thawed patches that indicates that winter has given up its rights, and spring has begun. The first greenery quickly breaks through the thawed patches; on them you can find the first spring flowers - snowdrops. Snow will lie in crevices and depressions for a long time, but on the hills and in the fields it melts quickly, exposing the land islands to the warm sun.

Frost. It was warm and suddenly it froze - frost appeared on the branches and wires. These are frozen crystals of moisture.

Ice drift. In spring it becomes warmer, the ice crust on rivers and lakes begins to crack, and gradually the ice melts. Moreover, there is more water in the reservoirs, it carries the ice floes downstream - this is an ice drift.

High water. Streams of melted snow flow from everywhere to the rivers, they fill the reservoirs, the water overflows the banks.

Thermal winds. The sun gradually warms the earth, and at night it begins to give off this heat, winds are formed. While they are still weak and unstable, but the warmer it gets around, the more the air masses move. Such winds are called thermal, they are typical for the spring season.

Rain. The first spring rain is cold, but not as cold as snow :)

Thunderstorm. At the end of May, the first thunderstorm can thunder. Not as strong yet, but bright. Thunderstorms are discharges of electricity in the atmosphere. Thunderstorms often occur when warm air is displaced and lifted by cold fronts.

Grad. This is a drop from a cloud of ice balls. Hail can be anything from a tiny pea to a hen's egg, and then it can even break through the windshield of a car!

These are all examples of inanimate phenomena.

Flowering is a spring phenomenon of wildlife. The first buds on the trees appear in late April - early May. The grass has already broken through its green stems, and the trees are getting ready to put on green clothes. The leaves will bloom quickly and suddenly, and the first flowers are about to bloom, exposing their centers to awakened insects. Summer will come soon.

In summer, the grass turns green, flowers bloom, leaves turn green on the trees, you can swim in the river. The sun warms well, it can be very hot. Summer is the longest day and the shortest night of the year. Berries and fruits ripen, the harvest ripens.

In summer, there are natural phenomena, such as:

Rain. Water vapor in the air is supercooled, forming clouds consisting of millions of small ice crystals. The low temperature in the air, below zero degrees, leads to the growth of crystals and to the weight of frozen drops, which melt in the lower part of the cloud and fall in the form of raindrops to the surface of the earth. In summer, the rain is usually warm, it helps to water the forests and fields. Thunderstorms often accompany summer rain. If it rains and the sun shines at the same time, they say that it is "Mushroom rain". Such rain happens when the cloud is small and does not cover the sun.

Heat. In summer, the rays of the Sun fall on the Earth more vertically and heat its surface more intensively. And at night, the earth's surface gives off heat to the atmosphere. Therefore, in summer it is hot during the day and sometimes even at night.

Rainbow. Occurs in an atmosphere with high humidity, often after rain or thunderstorms. A rainbow is an optical phenomenon of nature, for the observer it appears as a multi-colored arc. When the sun's rays are refracted in water droplets, an optical distortion occurs, which consists in the deviation of different colors, the white color is divided into a spectrum of colors in the form of a multi-colored rainbow.

Flowering begins in spring and continues all summer.

In autumn, you no longer run outside in a T-shirt and shorts. It gets colder, the leaves turn yellow, fall off, migratory birds fly away, insects disappear from sight.

Autumn is characterized by such natural phenomena:

Leaf fall. As plants and trees go through their year-round cycle, they shed their leaves in autumn, exposing their bark and branches, preparing for hibernation. Why does a tree get rid of leaves? So that the fallen snow does not break the branches. Even before the leaf fall, the leaves of the trees dry, turn yellow or redden and, gradually, the wind throws the leaves to the ground, forming a leaf fall. This is an autumn phenomenon of wildlife.

fogs. The earth and water are still heated during the day, but in the evening it is already getting colder, fog appears. At high humidity, for example, after rain or in a damp, cool season, the cooled air turns into small droplets of water hovering above the ground - this is fog.

Dew. These are droplets of water from the air that have fallen in the morning on the grass and leaves. During the night, the air cools down, the water vapor that is in the air comes into contact with the surface of the earth, grass, tree leaves and settles in the form of water droplets. On cold nights, the dew drops freeze, causing it to turn into frost.

Shower. It's heavy, torrential rain.

Wind. This is the movement of air currents. In autumn and winter the wind is especially cold.

As in spring, there is frost in autumn. This means that there is a slight frost on the street - frost.

Fog, dew, downpour, wind, hoarfrost, frost - autumn phenomena of inanimate nature.

In winter it snows and it gets cold. Rivers and lakes are frozen over. In winter, the longest nights and shortest days, it gets dark early. The sun hardly heats up.

Thus, the phenomena of inanimate nature characteristic of winter are:

Snowfall is the fall of snow.

Blizzard. It's snowfall with wind. Being outdoors in a snowstorm is dangerous, it increases the risk of hypothermia. A strong blizzard can even knock you down.

Freezing is the formation of a crust of ice on the surface of the water. The ice will last all winter until spring, until the snow melts and the spring ice drifts.

Another natural phenomenon - clouds - happens at any time of the year. Clouds are water droplets that have collected in the atmosphere. Water, evaporating on the ground, turns into steam, then, together with warm air currents, rises above the ground. So water is transported over long distances, the water cycle is ensured in nature.

Unusual natural phenomena

There are also very rare, unusual natural phenomena, such as the northern lights, ball lightning, tornadoes and even fish rain. One way or another, such examples of the manifestation of inanimate natural forces cause both surprise and, at times, alarm, because many of them can harm a person.

Now you know a lot about natural phenomena and you can accurately find those characteristic of a particular season :)

The materials have been prepared for a lesson on the subject of the World around us in grade 2, the Perspective and School of Russia (Pleshakov) programs, but will be useful to any primary school teacher, and parents of preschoolers and younger students in home schooling.