What is Balanced Scorecard (BSC)? Compound sentences Types of ssp

In the BSC, the components are linearly juxtaposed and do not vary their positions relative to each other, they are functionally equal. SSP is characterized by a branched system of meanings, in the formation of which, in addition to composing conjunctions, some aspects of the structure of the combined parts and typified elements of their lexical composition participate. Particularly heavy load falls on the ratio of grammatical and lexico-grammatical categories of verbs-predicates (time, mood, aspect, mode of action) and lexical determinants of the verb feature (adverbs, particles, modal words, interjections), many of which are easily combined with coordinating conjunctions, forming with them unstable allied connections: and so, here and, and therefore, and yet, otherwise, well, and that means, but then, and then, but only etc.

Composing (parataxis, coordination)- syntactic connection of grammatically equal units of the language, which has its own system of means of expression (composing unions).

Compound sentence- this is a complex sentence, grammatically equal predicative parts of which are connected using a coordinative connection. The predicative parts of the SSP are more independent, free, more similar to simple sentences compared to the SSP. But their independence is relative, because. they do not have intonation and semantic completeness. Parts of the SSP are interdependent to one degree or another. In some BSCs, at the beginning of the first part there is a common component (determinant), the presence of which causes an even closer connection of the parts, indicating a greater lack of independence of the second part.

Types of compound sentences. BSC types are distinguished by the means of syntactic communication and by the nature of the relationship between the parts.

According to the type of structure and the nature of the semantic relations between the parts, they distinguish:

1) BSC with connecting relations between parts (means of communication - coordinating connecting unions: and yes(in meaning and), also, also, neither ... nor);

2) BSC with separative relations between parts (means of communication - coordinating separative unions: or, either, then... that, not that... not that, either... either, whether... whether, whether... or);

3) SSP with comparative relations between parts (means of communication - coordinating adversative conjunctions: ah but yes(in meaning but), however, but);

4) BSC with explanatory relations between parts (means of communication - coordinating explanatory unions: namely, that is);

5) SSP with gradation relations between parts (means of communication - composing gradational unions: not only ... but also, not so much ... how much, not that ... but, not that ... but and others).

These types of SSPs can be combined into broader categories based on the openness / closeness of the structure. Open structure proposals represent an open series, the parts in them are built of the same type, usually they have the meaning of simultaneity. These include sentences with connecting and separating relations between parts. Closed Structure Offers are a closed series. These are two parts that are related semantically and structurally; the second part closes the row and does not imply the presence of a third part. The BSC of a closed structure includes sentences with comparative, explanatory and gradation relations between parts. Closeness of the structure is observed in connection relations, if the BSC is a union of contrasting or effective parts. This indicates that the openness / closeness of the structure is associated not so much with the nature of the union, but with the semantic-structural interconnectedness of the parts.

Compound sentences of an open structure with connecting relationships between parts. Connecting relations are relations of logical homogeneity (enumeration). In terms of time, these are relations of simultaneity or succession. Communication means of parts: and yes(in meaning and), neither ... nor, also, also.

The most common and universal means of communication is the union and. Proposals with this union have the following main meanings:

a) simultaneity: O leaves are golden in shade and the sky is blue.

b) consequences : He felt annoyed and started banging on the door.

c) result or rapid change of events : In the spring, windows open and noise rushes into the room.

Union proposals no no mutual exclusion matters, with unions too, also- combine a connecting meaning with a touch of attachment.

Compound sentences of an open structure with separating relations between parts. Separating relations include the meaning of successive change, alternation of events and phenomena, enumeration of mutually exclusive events and phenomena. Means of communication: or (il), either, then ... then, not that ... not that, either ... either, or ... whether, or ... or.

Union or stylistically neutral and introduces the meaning of mutual exclusion into the sentence : Either you are dressing now, or I am going alone. Union or(colloquial) can be repeated or single : Either a lasso around the neck, or a bullet in the back of the head. Unions whether ... whether, whether ... or contribute the value of an enumeration of mutually exclusive events. Unions then ... then, not that ... not that, either ... or introduce the value of mutual exclusion without additional connotations or with a connotation of conjecture : Either the sky is far blue, or the haze obscures the eye).

Compound sentences of a closed structure with comparative relations between parts. Comparative relations include the meaning of the proper comparative, adversative, as well as the meaning of inconsistency. Means of communication: ah, but, however, yes(in meaning but), but, but, otherwise, but not that, but also, and therefore, but on the other hand.

Union a expresses the meaning from the actual comparative to the meaning of the inconsistency : He is scolded, but he rejoices. Union but expresses opposition, union Yes(in meaning but) - an additional shade of attachment, union same – comparisons and contradictions. By function same similar a, but located same in the second part of the SSP, after the first part of the sentence, on which the logical stress falls: His comrades treated him with hostility, while the soldiers truly loved him.. With unions ah but yes numerous lexical concretizers can be used that enhance the meaning of co-, opposition or inconsistency, give the sentence a shade of concession, reparation, etc. In the function of means of communication for the design of various shades, adverbs, particles, introductory words and various combinations can be used.

A special group is made up of SSPs with alternative unions ato, not that, not that . They convey the meaning of a special opposition - with a touch of conventionality. The second part in such sentences indicates the possible consequences of not doing what is said in the first part: You must talk to your father today, otherwise he will worry.. Alternative conjunctions are characteristic of colloquial speech. They convey meanings close to the meanings of words otherwise, otherwise, which often accompany these unions or are independently used as connecting elements of a complex sentence.

Compound sentences of a closed structure with explanatory relationships between parts. In sentences with explanatory relations, the second part is attached to the first with explanatory connecting unions namely, then there is. The second part clarifies, reveals the content of the first, so there is a kind of semantic parallelism here. The first part ends before the union with a significant lowering of the voice and a pause. Union namely introduces the meaning of clarification, used in book speech . Union that is also introduces the value of clarification, the second part of such SSPs has the character of an amendment, a reservation: No one smiled at Natasha's words, that is, the joke was not understood.

Compound sentences with named conjunctions are rarely used in speech. To express explanatory relations, non-union constructions are more often used.

Compound sentences of a closed structure with gradation relations between parts. Special gradation relations can be conveyed in the CSP, i.e. strengthening, increasing or, conversely, weakening the significance of the second component of the proposal compared to the first. Such values are expressed by unions not only ... but also, not so much ... how much, not that ... but, although ... but. All unions are double, with the first part of the union placed at the beginning of the first part of the SSP, and the second part of the union at the beginning of the second part: He not that cruel, but he is too active (L.T.). The dismemberment of the union, the location of its components in different parts of the sentence, closely links these parts into a single whole.

Types of subordinate clauses in the Russian language are distinguished depending on the semantic connections between the parts. But first, you need to figure out what it is (or SPP), and how it differs from the compound (SSP) of its fellow.

Their main difference lies in the defining relationship between the parts of the data. If in the SSP we are dealing with a coordinating connection (as you might guess, based on one name), then in the SPP we are dealing with a subordinating one.

Assumes the original "equality" between the parts, i.e. each separate predicative unit in the complex) can function separately without losing its meaning: The gentle May sun shone amiably and clearly, and each twig stretched towards it with its still young leaves.

It is easy to guess that the parts of the sentence in NGN are in a different kind of relationship. The main clause in it "governs" the subordinate clause. Depending on how this very control takes place, there are the following types of subordinate clauses:

Types of subordinate clauses		Values	Questions	Unions, allied words	Proposal Sample
defining		Define a noun in a main clause		Who, what, where, where, from where, which, which	I accidentally stumbled upon a letter (what?) that was written long before I was born.
Explanatory		related to verbs	Case questions	What, to, how, as if, etc.	I still don't understand (what exactly?) how this could happen.
circumstantial		Point to the place of action	Where? Where? Where?	Where, from where, where	He went to (where?) where flowers bloom all year round.
		Indicate the duration of the action	When? How long? Since when? Until what time?	When, as soon as, since then, etc.	I realized it then (when?), when it was already too late.
			Under what condition?	If, if...then	I will help you solve the problem (under what condition?), if I have time.
		Specify the reason for the action	For what reason? Why?	Because, because, for	Petya could not answer the question (for what reason?), because he was not ready for it.
		Indicates the purpose for which an action is being performed	For what? What for? For what purpose?		To personally verify this, he personally came to the director (why?).
	consequences	Show us the result of an action	As a result of what?		She looked so chic that she couldn't take her eyes off her.
	course of action		How? How?	Like, like, exactly, like, like	The boys rushed so (how?), As if a pack of hungry dogs were chasing them.
	measures and degrees		In what degree? To what extent? To what extent?	How much, how much, what, how	Everything happened so fast (to what extent?) that no one had time to come to their senses.
	comparisons		Like who? Like what? Than who? Than what?	Like, like, like, than	This guy turned out to be much smarter (than who?) than his peers.
			Despite what?	Though, in spite of, for nothing, no matter how much ... no, let	It may seem untrue, but I believe in it (despite what?).

To more accurately determine the types of subordinate clauses, it is enough just to correctly ask a question from the main sentence (or a word in it) to the dependent (subordinate).

A sentence is a syntactic unit characterized by semantic and grammatical completeness. One of its main features is the presence of predicative parts. According to the number of grammatical bases, all sentences are simple or complex. Both of them perform their main function in speech - communicative.

Types of complex sentences in Russian

As part of a complex, two or more simple sentences are distinguished, interconnected by conjunctions or only intonation. At the same time, its predicative parts retain their structure, but lose their semantic and intonational completeness. Methods and means of communication determine the types of complex sentences. A table with examples allows you to identify the main differences between them.

Compound sentences

Their predicative parts are independent in relation to each other and equal in meaning. They can be easily divided into simple ones and rearranged. As a means of communication, coordinating unions are used, which are divided into three groups. On their basis, the following types of complex sentences with a coordinating connection are distinguished.

With connecting unions: AND, ALSO, YES (= AND), ALSO, NOR ... NOR, NOT ONLY ... BUT AND, HOW ... SO AND, YES AND. In this case, parts of compound unions will be located in different simple sentences.

The whole city was already asleep, I too went home. Soon Anton Not only read all the books in the home library, but also turned to his comrades.

A feature of compound sentences is that the events described in different predicative parts can occur simultaneously ( And thunder rumbled, and the sun broke through the clouds), sequentially ( The train rumbled and a dump truck followed him) or one follows from the other ( It's already quite dark and had to disperse).

With opposing unions: BUT, A, HOWEVER, YES (= BUT), ZATO, SAME. These types of complex sentences are characterized by the establishment of opposition relations ( Grandpa seemed to understand everything. but Grigory had to convince him of the need for a trip for a long time.) or matching ( Some fussed in the kitchen a others began to clean the garden) between its parts.
With dividing unions: EITHER, OR, NOT THAT ... NOT THAT, THAT ... THAT, OR ... OR. The first two unions can be single or repetitive. It was time to get to work, or he was going to be fired. Possible relationships between parts: mutual exclusion ( Whether Pal Palych really had a headache, either he just got bored), alternation ( Her whole day then covered melancholy, then suddenly approached an inexplicable fit of fun).

Considering the types of complex sentences with a coordinating connection, it should be noted that the connecting unions ALSO, ALSO and the adversative SAME are always located after the first word of the second part.

The main types of complex sentences with a subordinate relationship

The presence of the main and dependent (subordinate) parts is their main quality. The means of communication are subordinating conjunctions or allied words: adverbs and relative pronouns. The main difficulty in distinguishing between them is that some of them are homonymous. In such cases, a hint will help: the allied word, unlike the union, is always a member of the sentence. Here are examples of such homoforms. I knew exactly what(union word, you can ask a question) I should look for. Tanya completely forgot what(union) the meeting was scheduled for the morning.

Another feature of NGN is the location of its predicative parts. The place of the adnexa is not clearly defined. It can stand before, after or in the middle of the main part.

Types of clauses in NGN

Traditionally, it is customary to correlate dependent parts with members of a sentence. Based on this, three main groups are distinguished into which such complex sentences are divided. Examples are presented in the table.

Type of adnexa		Question	Means of communication	Example
Determinants			Which, which, whose, when, what, where, etc.	There was a house by the mountain, a roof whom* already lost some weight.*
Explanatory		Case	What (s. and s.s.l.), how (s. and s.s.l.), so that, as if, as it were, either ... or who, like others.	Michael did not understand how* solve the problem of.*
circumstantial		When? How long?	When, while, how, barely, while, since, etc.	The boy waited until then bye* the sun hasn't set at all.*
		Where? Where? Where?	Where, where, from where	Izmestiev put the papers there, where* no one could find them.*
		Why? From what?	Because, since, because, due to the fact that etc.	The cab driver stopped for* the horses suddenly snorted.*
	Consequences	What follows from this?		It cleared up in the morning so the squad moved on.
		Under what condition?	If, when (= if), if, once, in case	If a the daughter did not call for a week, the mother involuntarily began to worry.
		What for? For what purpose?	In order to, in order to, so that, in order to	Frolov was ready for anything to get this place.
		Despite what? Against what?	Although, despite the fact that, let, for nothing, whoever, etc.	The evening was generally a success. although* and there were minor flaws in its organization.*
	Comparisons	How? Like what?	As, as, exactly, as if, as, as, as, as, as, as,	Snowflakes flew down in large, frequent flakes, as if* someone poured them out of a bag.*
	Measures and degrees	To what extent?	What, to, how, as if, as if, how much, how much	There was such silence what* it became somehow uncomfortable.*
	Connecting		what (in indirect case), why, why, why = pronoun this	There was no car from what* anxiety only increased.*

NGN with multiple clauses

Sometimes a complex sentence may contain two or more dependent parts that relate to each other in different ways.

Depending on this, the following ways of linking simple to complex sentences are distinguished (examples help to build a diagram of the structures described).

With consistent submission. The next subordinate part depends directly on the previous one. It seemed to me, what this day will never end because more and more problems.
With parallel homogeneous subordination. Both (all) subordinate clauses depend on one word (the whole part) and belong to the same species. This construction resembles a sentence with homogeneous members. There can be coordinating conjunctions between subordinate clauses. It soon became clear what it was all just a bluff and what no major decisions were made.
With parallel heterogeneous subordination. Dependents are of different types and refer to different words (of the whole part). Garden, which the sown in May, already gave the first harvest, because life became easier.

Associative compound sentence

The main difference is that the parts are connected only in meaning and intonation. Therefore, the relationship between them comes to the fore. It is they who influence the punctuation marks: commas, dashes, colons, semicolons.

Types of non-union complex sentences

The parts are equal, the order of their arrangement is free. Tall trees grew to the left of the road , to the right stretched a shallow ravine.
The parts are unequal, the second:

reveals the contents of the 1st ( These sounds caused anxiety: (= namely) in the corner someone rustled insistently);
complements the 1st ( I peered into the distance: there appeared someone's figure);
indicates the reason Sveta laughed: (= since) the neighbor's face was smeared with mud).

3. Contrasting relationships between parts. This is manifested in the fact that:

the first indicates a time or condition ( I'm five minutes late - no one else);
into the second unexpected result ( Fedor just got overclocked - the opponent immediately remained in the tail); opposition ( The pain becomes unbearable - you endure); comparison ( Will look frowningly - Elena will immediately burn with fire).

JV with different types of communication

Often there are constructions that have three or more predicative parts in their composition. Accordingly, between them there can be coordinating and subordinating unions, allied words, or only punctuation marks (intonation and semantic relations). These are complex sentences (examples are widely presented in fiction) with various types of communication. Michael has long wanted to change his life, but something constantly stopped him; as a result, the routine dragged him more and more every day.

The scheme will help to summarize information on the topic “Types of complex sentences”:

22. Types of complex sentences. Compound sentence.

Difficult sentence- this is a sentence that has in its composition at least two grammatical bases (at least two simple sentences) and represents a semantic and grammatical unity, formalized intonation.

For example: In front of us, the brown, clayey shore sloped steeply, and behind us a wide grove darkened.

Simple sentences as part of a complex one do not have intonation-semantic completeness and are called predicative parts (constructions) of a complex sentence.

Difficult sentence closely related to a simple sentence, but differs from it both structurally and in the nature of the message.

Therefore, to determine difficult sentence- this means, first of all, to identify the features that distinguish it from a simple sentence.

The structural difference is obvious: A complex sentence is a grammatical combination of sentences (parts) somehow adapted to each other, while a simple sentence is a unit that functions outside of such a combination (hence its definition as a simple sentence). As part of a complex sentence, its parts are characterized by grammatical and intonational interconnectedness, as well as the interdependence of content. In communicative terms, the difference between simple and complex sentences comes down to the difference in the amount of messages they convey.

A simple, uncommon sentence reports one single situation.

For example: The boy writes; The girl is reading; Evening; Winter came; We have guests; I'm having fun.

Difficult sentence reports several situations and the relationship between them or (specific case) one situation and the attitude towards it on the part of its participants or the person speaking.

For example: The boy writes and the girl reads; When the boy writes, the girl reads; He doubts that you will like this book; I am afraid that my arrival will not please anyone.

In this way, difficult sentence- this is an integral syntactic unit, which is a grammatically formed combination of sentences and functions as a message about two or more situations and about the relationship between them.

Depending on the method of linking simple sentences as part of a complex All complex sentences are divided into two main types: non-union (communication is carried out only with the help of intonation) and allied (communication is carried out not only with the help of intonation, but also with the help of special means of communication: unions and allied words - relative pronouns and adverbs).

Allied sentences are divided into compound and compound sentences.

compound called complex sentences , in which simple sentences are equal in meaning and connected by coordinating conjunctions. The parts of a compound sentence do not depend on each other and form one semantic whole.

Depending on the type of the coordinating union that connects the parts of the sentence, all compound sentences (CSP) are divided into three main categories:

1) BSC with connecting unions (and; yes in the meaning of and; neither ... nor; also; also; not only ..., but also; both ..., and);

2) BSC with dividing unions (then ... then; not that ..., not that; or; or; whether... or);

3) SSP with opposing alliances (but, but, yes in the meaning of but, however, but, but, only, the same).

The semantic connection of simple sentences combined into a complex one is different. They can send:

- things that happen at the same time.

For example: And far to the south there was a battle, and in the north the earth trembled from bombing attacks, clearly approaching at night (in such sentences, changing the sequence of parts of the sentence does not change the meaning);

- phenomena that occur sequentially.

For example: Dunya got into the wagon next to the hussar, the servant jumped on the pole, the driver whistled, and the horses galloped(in this case, the permutation of sentences is not possible).

1. BSC with connecting unions (and, yes /=and/, neither - nor, how - so and, not only - but also, also, also, yes and).

In compound sentences with connecting unions, the following can be expressed:

— temporary relationship.

For example: Morning came, and our ship approached Astrakhan(compare: When morning came, our ship approached Astrakhan);

action and its result.

For example: Pugachev gave a sign, and they immediately released me and left me.

- causal relationship.

For example: Several dugouts, which were especially heavily covered, remained completely intact, and the people, who had become chilled and exhausted by the battle, falling down from fatigue and the desire to sleep, rushed there with all their might to warm themselves;

2. SSP with opposing alliances (but, yes /=but/, however, but, but, but).

AT compound sentences with opposing conjunctions, one phenomenon is opposed to another.

For example: The storm was there, behind them, above the forest, and here the sun was shining.

3. BSC with dividing unions (or / il /, either, not that - not that, either - either, then - that).

In compound sentences with disjunctive conjunctions, phenomena are indicated that cannot occur simultaneously: they either alternate, or one excludes the other.

For example: In the sweltering air now there was a sound of pickaxes hitting stone, now the wheels of wheelbarrows sang mournfully; Now it was drizzling, then large flakes of snow fell- union then— then indicates an alternation of phenomena.

For a more detailed description of the types of SSP There are three more types of SSP: SSP with connecting, explanatory and gradational unions.

Unions are affiliated yes and, also, also, placed in our classification in the group of connecting unions.

Unions are explanatory. that is, namely:
For example: He was expelled from the gymnasium, that is, the most unpleasant thing happened to him.

gradation unions — not only ... but also, not that ... but.
For example: It wasn't that he didn't trust his partner, but he did have some doubts about him.

Compound sentence should be distinguished from a simple sentence with homogeneous members connected by coordinating conjunctions.

Compound sentences	Simple sentences with homogeneous sentence members
With a whistling whisper, centennial pines exchanged among themselves, and dry frost with a soft rustle poured from the disturbed branches.	And suddenly another beetle fell away from the swarm dancing in the air and, leaving behind a large, magnificent tail, swept straight to the clearing.
The stars were still shining sharply and coldly, but the sky in the east was already beginning to lighten.	Obeying this powerful feeling, he jumped to his feet, but immediately, groaning, sat down on the bear carcass.
The forest is noisy, the face is hot, and a prickly cold creeps from the back.	In good weather, the forest swirled with caps of pine peaks, and in bad weather, shrouded in gray fog, it resembled a darkened water surface.
For a change, a white cobblestone flashes in the weeds, or a gray stone woman grows for a moment, or a gopher crosses the road, and again weeds, hills, rooks run past the eyes.	I had to stand with my eyes closed, leaning back against a tree trunk, or sit down on a snowdrift and rest, feeling the pulse in my veins.

Compound sentence - this is a complex sentence in which simple sentences are connected by coordinating conjunctions and, as a rule, are equal grammatically and in meaning.

Coordinating conjunctions connecting simple sentences are between simple sentences and are not included in any of them.

By alliances and by meaning compound sentences are divided into six groups.

1. Compound sentences With connecting unions: and yes(= i), neither- neither. They talk about a) the simultaneity of events and phenomena, or b) their succession one after another, or c) the conditionality of one event by another. For example: a) Neither [ viburnum does not grow between them], nor [ grass not turns green] (I. Turgenev)- No no ; AND [ the wind rushed about quick on weeds], and [sheaves sparks raced through the fogs]... (A. Blok)- And , and ; [Only willow gi shout], Yes[cuckoo vying with each other count down unlived years for someone] (M. Sholokhov)- , Yes ;

b) [Two or three fell large drops rain], and [suddenly lightning flashed]. (I. Goncharov) - [], and ; [Door across the street in a brightly lit shop slammed], and [from it showed Xia citizen]. (M. Bulgakov)- , and .

in) [life is given once], and [ want to live her cheerfully, meaningfully, beautifully] (A. Chekhov)(the second sentence expresses the result, consequence, conclusion from the content of the first) -, and; [Tell you two words to her], and [ she is saved] (A. Chekhov)(in the first sentence, the condition of the action (state) in the second is indicated) - , and ; [It was getting hot], and I hastened home] (M. Lermontov)(in the first sentence, the reason for the action is indicated in the second) -, and; [Vacant places did not have], and [im had to stand] (V. Rasputin)- , and .

2. Compound sentences with separating unions: or (il), either, whether- or, then- that, not that- not that, or- either. They indicate alternation phenomena, on the possibility (choice) one phenomena of two or several. For example: [barking dog Brownie], or [ the breeze will rustle in darkening sheets fly by] (N. Yazykov [], il , il ; That [ sun dim glitters], then [ cloud black hanging(N. Nekrasov)

That, that; Not that [ it was getting light], not that [ it was getting dark] (Yu. German)- Not that, not that (in sentences with conjunctions either- whether or not- not that mutual exclusion is complicated by the value of conjecture or by an indication of the difficulty in choosing the exact designation of the situation).

3. Compound sentences With adversarial unions: ah but yes(= but), however, but, but, only. In them, one phenomenon is opposed to another or something different from it. For example: [ranks people are given], a [people can be deceived] (A. Griboyedov)- , a ; [Beliefs are inculcated theory], [ behavior same formed example] (A. Herzen)(union same combines two meanings: an opposing union and an intensifying particle; therefore, it does not stand between simple sentences, but after the first word of the second sentence, highlighting this word) -, [same]; [They are, certainly, don't know me], yes \ I something them I know] (F. Dostoevsky)- , Yes ; [Fedya never didn't cry], but [ found on him at times wild stubbornness] (I. Turgenev)- , but ; [She didn't move], just a little bit eyebrows moved] (V. Rasputin)- , only ; [Was already spring month March], however [at night the trees cracked from the cold, as in December] (A. Chekhov)- , but . (The opposite union “however” always stands at the beginning of a simple sentence, it can be replaced by the union “but”, a comma is not placed after it. The introductory word “however” homonymous to the union is not at the beginning (i.e. in the middle or at the end) sentences and is separated by commas in writing. We were all waiting for him, but (but) he did not come.- We were all waiting for him, but he did not come.)

4. Compound sentences With gradation-comparative unions: not only ... but also, not that ... but (but), if not ... then, not that ... but (a), not so much ... how much. In such sentences, phenomena are compared or contrasted according to the degree
significance: what is reported in the second sentence is presented as in one way or another more significant, effective or convincing than what is said in the first (what is said in the second sentence has a greater degree of significance for the speaker). For example: [ cmnot that cruel, but [he is too de yat spruce character] (L. Tolstoy)- not that, but; Not only [ Sonya without paint couldn't stand this look], but also [the old the countess and Natasha blushed noticing this look] (L. Tolstoy)- Not only but .

5. Compound sentences With connecting unions: yes, and, too, also, moreover, moreover. The second sentence in them has the character of an additional or incidental remark, often unexpected, as if it had just come to mind. [He felt in front of her child], and [ she thought him for the child] (F. Dostoevsky)- , yes and ; [Poor Nadya has nowhere else to go hear those words], and [no one pronounce them] (A, Chekhov)- , yes and ; [Face her it was pale], [slightly open lips too turned pale] (I. Turgenev)- ., [too] (conjunctions too and same way close in value to the union and, but they do not stand between simple sentences, but within the second).

6. Compound sentences with explanatory unions: that is, namely, They indicate the identity, equivalence of situations, while the second sentence explains, concretizes the idea expressed in the first. For example: [Also here lived in native Lozishchi and to some Osip Lozinsky], i.e. [ lived, to tell the truth, it doesn’t matter] (V. Korolenko)- , that is ; [Men's room servants were brought we have to a minimum], namely: [for the whole house no more than two lackeys were supposed to suffice] (M. Saltykov-Shchedrin)- , namely .

Syntactic analysis of a compound sentence

Scheme for parsing a compound sentence

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2 Characterize the sentence by emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).

3. Determine the number of simple sentences in the complex and find their boundaries, highlight the grammatical foundations of each simple sentence that is part of the complex.

4. Indicate which coordinating union connects simple sentences into a complex one, and determine the semantic relationships between them.

5 Make a graphic diagram of a compound sentence.

6. Explain the placement of punctuation marks.

Example of parsing a compound sentence

[You are many years late], but [still I glad) (A. Akhmatova).

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, compound, consists of two simple sentences connected by a composing opposing union “but”, an opposition relationship (with a touch of concession); simple sentences in the composition of a compound in writing are separated by a comma.

That \ fell as if fog], then [suddenly allowed oblique, large rain] (L. Tolstoy).

That , that .

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, compound, consists of two simple sentences connected by a repeating coordinating divisive union “this - that”, an alternation relationship; simple sentences in the composition of a compound in writing are separated by a comma.

[Women flicker in tents], and [ yapping mutts sha-lye], and [samovars roses scarlet are burning in taverns and houses] (O. Mandelstam).

And , and .

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, compound, consists of three simple sentences connected by a repeating coordinating conjunction “and”, simultaneous phenomena are listed; simple sentences in a compound sentence are separated by commas in writing.