Theoretical material. Psovy hunting and now practical tasks

Task number 10. Punctuation analysis (introductory words, phrases and suggestions; plug-in structures; appeals)

Hello, dear nine-graders! Today we will continue to prepare for the main state exam. Our occupation we will dedicate to the task number 10. Punctuation analysis (introductory words, phrases and suggestions; plug-in structures; appeals).

Objectives class

Repeat and summarize knowledge about words and structures, grammatically related to the proposal.

Secure the skills of finding words and designs, grammatically associated with members of the sentence.

Repeat the rules for placing punctuation marks in such offers.

First we will repeat with you all about the introductory words,phrases, sentences and insert structures.

Introductory words are not members of the proposal: it cannot be asked a question from other membership members; They complicate the offer. With their help, the speaker expresses his attitude towards what is said in the proposal. Wed, for example: I probably will hand over the exam; I certainly rent a good exam. On the letter, introductory words are allocated by commas.
Introductory and plug-in designs are not parts of the sentence, but complicate a simple sentence (or complex). The introductory proposals are expressed by the attitude of the statement speaker, and the plug-in structures contain additional comments, passing refinements. Under the introductory proposals, they are most often set, and when inserted - dash or brackets, for example, I seem to me, learned all the rules; One of the winter evenings - I lay on the sofa with an interesting detective - suddenly the call rang, turned the whole my life later.
Introductory words are divided into discharge.

Value	Introductory words and phrases
Express feelings of speaking (joy, regret, surprise, etc.).	Fortunately, unfortunately, fortunately, in misfortune, to joy, to chagrin, to clutch, to the annoyance, unfortunately, to surprise, to horror, for shame, for happiness, to joy, on trouble, what a good, strange thing , amazing case, not even an hour, there is nothing to hide sinand etc.
Express an estimate of the speaker degree of reliability of the reported (confidence, assumption, possibility, uncertainty and etc.) -	Of course, undoubtedly, without any doubt, it is obviously certain, of course, of course, it is impossible, indeed, probably, it is probably true, probably, in all likelihood, maybe maybe, it may seem to seem to be Apparently, it seems, perhaps, in fact, however, it is not true, in essence, essentially, in fact, the right, tea, it is necessary to believe, I think I hope I supposeand etc.
Indicate the connection of thoughts, the sequence of their presentation.	So, therefore, it means, on the contrary, on the contrary, further, finally, by the way, in general, in general, in particular, in addition, moreover, it became, for example, for example, most importantly, thus, by the way, by the way say to the word to say, firstly, secondlyetc., with one hand, on the other hand, I repeat, emphasizeand etc.
Indicate the techniques and ways of thinking.	In a word, in one word, in other words, in other words, in other words, to shortly speaking, simply speaking, gently expressing, if you can say so if you can say so, with the permission to say, it is better to say so to say what is calledand etc.
Specify the message source.	They say, report, transmit, according to ..., according to the information ..., according to ..., in opinion ..., in my opinion, in your opinion, in our opinion, in your opinion, in my opinion, According to rumors, according to legend, I remember, hear, they say, they sayand etc.
The words addressed to the interlocutor in order to attract his attention to the reported, inspire a certain attitude towards the thoughts outlined.	See (whether), see (Li), you know (whether), you know (whether), you know (Lee), you know (Lee), understand, understand, Believe me, listen, imagine, imagine, imagine, sorry, sorry, believe (Lee), please raise, notice yourself, make mercy, tell me for mercy, if you want to knowand etc.
Indicate an estimate of the measure of what is said about.	At least the most less, at least without exaggerationand etc.
Show the degree of usual what is said about.	It happens, it happened, it happened, as usual, according to customand etc.
Express the expressiveness of the statement.	In truth, according to the conscience, in fairness, except for jokes, it is funny to say, it's not a reproach, it is necessary to admit, to say to honor, admit to say, to be honest, between us speaking, between us be saidand etc.
NB! Are not introductory and not allocated by commas the following words and combinations of words: maybe, you mean, literally, as if, in addition, to top off, suddenly, after all, ultimately, so, it is unlikely that, after all, even if, exclusively, it is, sometimes, as if, as if, just Meanwhile, probably, in no way, almost, therefore, approximately, approximately, moreover, and simply, decisively, as if, nevertheless, allegedlyet al. Similar (particles, adverbs).
The words finally, it means, however, mainlyin the sentence can function differently
The word is introductory		The word introductory is not
FINALLY
Indicates the connection of thoughts, the order of their presentation(\u003d and more), completes the listing:Finally, you can finally seek advice to a specialist; Pookey was an outcomes from the simple people, first - self-taught, then recognized artist and, finally, academician.		Performs the function of circumstances(= at the end, finally, after all, as a result of all): We climbed everything higher and finally reached the vertices; Finally, all the cases were completed.A particle is possible in this meaning.-to: finally gotto place night (= finally got ...).
BUT
If it is in the middle or at the end of the sentence:Look, however, be careful; How much trouble, however.		If it stands at the beginning of the proposal (parts of a complex offer) or associate homogeneous members (in these cases, the meaning of a configuration unionbut): We did not hoped to meet, but met; However, his behavior did not offend me.
So
If synonymous words consequently began to be:Solar spots completely disappeared, it means that the Sun was already bent for noon; So you can't come today? If there is between the pressing and main proposals:If spring comes, it means that it will be warm. If there is between parts of the non-union complex proposal:The call rang, it means that the lesson ended.		If close in meaning to the wordmeans that is a fault:A person means immeasurably more than it is customary to think about him.(Bitter). If it is between the subject and taught, then it is rated by a dash:Fight - it means to win.
MAINLY
If it serves to highlight any fact, to express its assessment: The manual should be corrected and, mainly, supplement the new material.(mainly \u003d most importantly).		If it mattersfirst of all, most of all: He achieved success mainly due to his hardworking; I like in him the mainly of his sincerity.
6. To difficult cases in this task include such proposals in which the introductory word is in the middle of it, and the comma will be alone. When does this happen? 1. If the introductory word is at the beginning or at the end of a separate turnover (separation, refinement, explanations, accession), then it is not separated by the punctuation of the punctuation; If the introductory word is in the middle of this turnover, it is allocated by commas on the general reasons:
He plunged into reflections, apparently producing some calculations in the mind. He remembered these words, possibly heard in childhood. He acted recklessly, probably by all.		Wed: He plunged into reflections, producing, apparently, there are some calculations in the mind. Wed: He remembered these words heard, perhaps in childhood. Wed: He acted recklessly
2. If the Introductory Word stands after the opposing unionbut And it is impossible to withdraw it or rearranged, the introductory word of the comma from the Union is not separated(and therefore, and therefore, and however, but opposite): Calculations were made for a row, and therefore, inaccurately. But: if the withdrawal or permutation of the introductory word is possible, then the comma is placed after the union, since it is not associated with the introductory word:You must work more energetic, but, in morestally, not to be lazy.

How to perform a task 10.

The task is most often proposed to specify the numbers denoting the commas in the introductory word or offer. Perform this task is actually easy: the proposal with the introductory word is already set and the punctuation marks in it are arranged. You will not have to degrade the introductory words from the commemorative sentences.

First, carefully read the specified offer and consider all commas in it. They will be at least three. Try to determine which function every punctuation sign performs.

If you see in the proposal one of the words listed in the input discharge table, then discharge the numbers denoting commas. If the introductory word is in the middle of the sentence, then the numbers will be two, and if at the beginning or end of the sentence, then the figure is one, for example:

There, (1) at the top, (2) shone the bright southern sun. It must be (3) the rays of it were so strong, (4) that the grass has long been dried. Answer 3.

NB! Very often there are appeals or clarifying sentences (see the previous example) - do not confuse them with the introductory.

Sometimes the introductory words stand in the middle of the sentence, and they are allocated with commas only on the one hand (that is, only one digit will be in response), for example:He acted recklessly, (1) Probably vanishing to everyone, (2) without thinking about the consequences. (Answer 1)

And now perform practical tasks. You have tables on the tables with discharges of inner words and phrases. You can use them when performing tasks.

The task sounds like this: "In the suggestions below, all commas are numbered.

Write down the number (s), denoting (s) comma (s) withintroductory word or introductory structures. "

Boys, (1) Of course, (2) did so, (3) as a conscience told, (4) And conscience is a feeling, (5) multiplied by the awareness of the right.

Answer: 12.

What, (1) However, (2) power in the light, (3) reflected from autumn forests! Everything is a compartment like in glow. And, (4) in particular, (5) your face.(K. POUST)

Answer: 12.

When I studied in the sixth grade and continued to read, (1) as they say, (2) Pop, (3) suddenly deducted somewhere, (4) that a person for life can read, (5) seems to be (6) no more 10 thousand books.(M. Chudakova)

Answer: 1256.

Today I again met the sun on the deck, (1) about four in the morning. In memory you will not hold, (2) So in the soul will remain and, (3) it may, (4), for the last time it will respond to this sunrise on the hangare river.(A. Predashin)

Answer: 34.

The behavior of the teacher was, (1) in his opinion, (2) devoid of logic: dragged into the theater, (3) Yes, in the inconsistent holidays, (4) with the class?(Shcherbakov)

Answer: 12.

And, (1) perhaps (2) Therefore, I was unfair to you. But now I want, (3) So that you are happy, (4) Kohl.(R. Fraerman)

Answer: 12.

No, (1) Dangerous wizard, (2) Of course, (3) would not say so, (4) and it came closer.(A. Green)

Answer: 23.

Then, (1) When they were born three boys and a girl, (2) the favorite history in the family, (3) Naturally, (4) was the story of the seeker about the dream, (5) about the wise village, (6) about the tree and the concert , (7) where the dream was realized.

Answer: 34.

It is possible (1) Of course, (2) approach, (3) And it is possible not to approach, (4) it will be not good, (5) But right ...(B. Emelyanov)

Answer: 12.

Where (1) In your opinion (2), does this path lead? We promise to do everything (3) in your opinion.

Answer: 12.

Life (1) It seemed (2) closed the circle, and Green no longer had neither joy or reasonable classes. The sea (3) seemed to be (4) the bottomless and completely black.

Answer: 12.

A man in a rustling (1) Fortunately (2) is able to make miracles. He did not notice what was happening and (3) fortunately (4) was still calm.

Answer: 34.

Network (1) Of course (2) burned (3) however (4) it was possible and published to admire her dark greens.

Answer: 12.

Suddenly (1) the engine is somehow (2) in a special (3) styled and (4), as it seemed (5), it was cleared.

Answer: 45.

Son, (1) Come on, (2) Go begging and lie down. I will come to you, (3) and we will talk.

Never, (4) probably (5) I did not feel so protected and in such safety.(E. Grishkovets)

Answer: 12.

Slightly leaning, (1) He, (2) seemed to be (3) strictly and carefully looked at the lower edge of the island, (4) where Matyurinsky forests stood, (5) However, now there were no them there.(V. Rasputin)

Answer: 23.

He, (1) it seemed, (2) rejoiced his life with might and main, (3) every minute, (4) every second of his being.

And everything seems to be (5) that he did not disappear from the ground, (6) and somewhere grows in the forest, (7) in the glade, (8) noise with all the leaves and is waiting for me to him.(B. Yampolsky)

Answer: 125.

The garbage accumulates from year to year, (1) forming a "cultural" layer. Under this layer, the life of organisms, (2) inhabiting the soil, (3), and therefore, (4) and natural processes, (5) occurring in it are begun to change.(M. Cann)

Answer: 34.

This book was also fantastic, (1) she was called "Silver Ball". In general, (2) there, some people flew to the moon and moved to that place, (3) where the unknown part of the planet began, (4) because the moon was turned to us only one side.

(A. Propriate)

Answer: 2.

And suddenly a man appeared, (1), (2) I confess, (3) I did not see. Do not bargaining, (4) without examining each individual separately, (5) he paid all the amount appointed by me, (6) put firewood in the bag and went away.

(A. Predashin)

Answer: 23.

Do not remember, (1) We had a teacher ... singer tra la-la? - Sorry, (2) - finally said Babus, (3) looking into her eyes.

Maybe (4) Her Chamber was on the second floor?(Yu. Yakovlev)

Answer: 4.

It was painted in brown paint and covered with varnish, (1) which, (2) to the common chagrin, (3) soon fused and reworked thanks to the master of the master, (4) of the sieves of the paint.(D. Mamin-Sibiryak)

Answer: 23.

They say, (1) that every person in life should have a goal. Mom and dad, (2) when they stayed together, (3) seems to be (4) about anything, (5) besides my illness, (6) did not speak.(A. Aleksin)

Answer: 34.

Colds, (1) in essence, (2) is early. Oak stood, (3) as a epic warrior, (4) harsh and mighty.(E. nosov)

Answer: 12.

Offers with appeals

Sometimes in complicated offers, the task is associated with punctuation when contacting (it is required to write numbers denoting commas when contacting). Remember that the appeals that complicate the proposal are not a member of the proposal and are grammatically related to the memberships of the proposal (they cannot be asked to appeal).

The appeal is the word (noun or adjective and sacrament in the role of noun in the nominal case) or phrase, called who is addressed to. Most often, the appeal is pronounced by the name of his own and is the name of the person to which the speech refer to: Sasha, will you come from school too late? The main function of the appeal is to attract the attention of the interlocutor, to encourage him to listen to his speech.

Appeal is an integral line of spoken speech and dialogues of artistic texts, it is used mainly in motivating or question deals.

But the appeals are not only the names of people or nicknames of animals. It may also be the names of inanimate objects, as well as phenomena of inanimate nature:

Oh, if, if, whether the key is pleasant. Zhurchi, Zhurchi I was my job ... (Pushkin);

Wheel, hail of Petrov, and stand non-rounds, like Russia (Pushkin).

Such appeals are a special poetic technique, they have the character of personification.

How to perform this task.

Find all words in the specified proposal in the very famous case at which the commas are. Determine the grammatical basis of the sentence, because the appeals are often confused with under-lying. Compare:

The daughter of the janitor, Mashutka, rushed into the house in horror.

I do not know what you think, Marina, Taste in the house these books! (Oseev).

In two sentences, two names of their own facilities are used, but only in the second sentence there is an appeal (in the first sentence, the word Mashutka is an application).

Read the offer. The appeals are pronounced with a special challenge intonation called who they are treated with speech; They can stand in any part of the sentence - at the beginning, middle or at the end:

Forward someone else's misfortune, doves! (Wings)

But this is the easiest case. There are more difficult, which you need to know.

Sometimes in one sentence, one and the same appeal repeats several times, and not in a row, and they are separated from each other members of the sentence, which creates special expression:

You, sir, stone, sir, ice (Griboedov).

The circulation is most often unprofitable (that is, consist of one word), but can be both distributed (contain also definitions):

The young man pale with the gaze burning! Now I give you three covenants (Bryusov).

A common appeal can be broken by members of the sentence, for example:

Roll off, (1) Smart, (2) You wrapped you, (3) head?! (Wings) (answer 1, 2, 3).

6. The proposal may have several different appeals, which are called homogeneous:

My girlfriend my harsh days, my dove is mine! One in the wilderness of the forests of pine long ago, you have long been waiting for me (Pushkin).

And now practical tasks.

So here he, (1) Winter oak! And, (2) mentally asking oak

forgiveness for your little human cunning, (3) She said: - Well, (4) Savushkin, (5) It just means, (6) that the short path is not the most faithful.(Y. Nagibin)

Answer: 45.

Slap the villain by the teeth: "Elk, elk, (1) I eat you." "Good, (2) a gray wolf, (3) - is responsible for elk, - just let me say goodbye to the closure." "Take care of", (4) - answered the wolf.(S. Alekseev)

Answer: 123.

At first they wanted to drive the dog that frightening their dog and even shoot her, (1) if they were not cleaned, (2) But then they were accustomed to lady at night and sometimes they remembered in the morning ...

I love you, (3) Kunting, (4) I love you very much. You do not believe me, (5) Kunting?(L. Andreev)

Answer: 345.

Come here, (1) there is a spring, (2) - shouted Vaska.

They opened the country, (3) which they never had seen ... - True, (4) Vaska?(A. Predashin)

Answer: 4.

In the proposals below are numbered all commas.

Write down the number (s), denoting (s) comma) when contacting.

What are you, (1) a panty such, (2) are you afraid of everything? - Mom asked, (3) Looking at me with a fun surprise. - Grandmother, (4) Probably, (5) Admitted again?(P. Sanaev)

Answer: 12.

Guys, (1) I was waiting for the father longer, (2) than you.

We inform, (3) that your father, (4) Major Kozyrev, (5) fell by the death of the brave seventh of May forty-fifth year.(A. Predshi)

Answer: 1.

Not from the people, (1) and from the ax, (2) is full. There is no eye of the eye, (3) - immediately answered the lease. - Iron it, (4) on the handle is worn.(L. Leonov)

Answer: 2.

Take care of the beauty of nature, (1) people. And it does not run away from him in fear of the disturbed hare, (2) does not shout, (3) as over the stranger, (4) forty.(E. nosov)

Answer: 1.

Well, what is the willow, (1) youth? He said, (2) browsing the work of students.

Far even until spring, (3) Daria Petrovna. Oh, (4) Dalitonko ...

(O. Tuberovskaya)

Answer: 13.

He called him the same, (1) as my last dog friend, (2) Tomka.

Tomka, (3) - I said complaints, (4) - wake up.(B. Emelyanov)

Answer: 3.

Suvorov's sweeter from the pleasure of his arms and just wanted to say: "Well, (1) brother, (2) caught!" - How suddenly the soldier stretched out to the frunt and glaked:

Victoria, (3) Your clay!

Verify God, (4) How I spent!

Pomery God, (5) a real soldier!(S. Alekseev)

Answer: 123.

You know Katyusha, (1) Neighbor? Be smart, (2) go to Kate. Go, (3) Cute, (4) I will come.

Answer: 34.

One day my neighbor on the corridor, (1) Polina Ivanovna, (2) from the adjacent apartment, (3) there was a bad heart with a heart.

Babasik, (4) I will go, (5) - she turned to Polina Ivanovna.(P. Vasilyev)

Answer: 4.

You will save them, (1) My dear, (2) and will come time, (3) when they become your friends. I have a nice, (4) clever. (V. Krapivin)

Theoretical Material

Water Words are called words, with the help of which speaking expresses its attitude to the statement.

Input Components stand out commas:

Value	Introductory word	Examples
Confidence	*of course, of course,* *no doubt, it is undoubtedly certainly natural* *undoubtedly ...*	Winter, sure,* There will be snowy. We, certainlyYou will meet you.*
Uncertainty	*it seems that it is probably probably possible, obviously, maybe it is necessary to believe, perhaps, most likely, I hope, see, apparently ...*	Winter, it seemswill be snowy. We, possiblyYou will meet you.
Various feelings	*fortunately, unfortunately,* *to surprise, on trouble,* *on joy to us, a strange thing, there is nothing to hide sin,* *what good, as fornacarly,* *surprisingly, to the horror, ...*	Winter, fortunately,* There will be snowy. We,**unfortunately,* You will not be able to meet.
Procedure of phenomena (thoughts) and the connection between them	*firstly, secondly, finally, it means, however, for example, therefore, it became, so, thus, however, in general, in short, so to speak*	*Firstly,* all autumn went raining secondly,* Winter was snowy. It means There will be a lot of moisture in the fields.*
Calls to attention	*please understand, listen, agree, raise, agree,* *wouldn't, let me, allow, imagine, consider ...*	After all, you Agreewith my opinion.
Source message	*it is known in my opinion, they say, it is remembered,* *in your opinion, they say* *according to (...) opinion ..., they say, they say* *from point of view…,* *according to …,*	*According to weather forecasters,* Winter will be snowy.
Evaluation of the style of saying, the method of expression of thought.	*in other words,* *speaking figuratively* *to put it mildly,* *straight* *as they say …*	*As poets say,* The fall of life began. (K. Powesty.)
Introductory words expressing expressiveness	*in truth, on conscience, in fairness, except for jokes, it is funny to say,* *not in the reproach, be said* *must be admitted to say to honor, honestly, between* *we say ...*	*We must admit, you performed work perfectly.*

In the middle of the sentence, the plug-in components are highlighted commas :

If the introductory word can lower or rearrange To another place of sentence, without disturbing its structure (usually it happens with unions andand but):

Terenty was injured in small-scale workshop; but, firstly, work was little and secondly, a lot of time took urgent matters (kataad).

If the withdrawal or rearrangement of the introductory word is impossible, then the comma after the union is not set (under the Union but ).

Misfortune at all changed it, and on the contrary, he became even stronger andenergetic (Turgenev).

But if the withdrawal or permutation of the introductory word is possible, the comma is placed after alliances but.

Not a year, but may be, for ten years Ivan Georgievich lived in one night (Y. Laptev)

When meeting two inner words The comma between them is set:

What good, perhaps , and marries, from the dignity of the soul ...

Introductory words facing comparative turnover (with the union as ), targetsm Turnover (with the union to):

All this seemed to me strange however, as well as others.

Studenton thea minute thought probablyIn order to more accurately formulate your answer.

If the introductory word is standing at the beginning or at the end of a separate turnover, then it is not familiar with the turnover; If the introductory word is in the middle of a separate turnover, it is allocated by commas on a general basis.

And Peter Petrovich, at least For many signs, a person is quitevenerable.

Child frightened apparently, horses, ran to the mother.

The union used before the introductory word may relate to it, and may also perform its functions in the proposal structure.

The punctuation marks in the other case will stand differently:

After our explanation relations did not become better, but, on the contrary , even more draked. I will come early in the morning, and possibly , even at night.

Commas do not stand out:

1. Following wordsUsed at the beginning of clarifying revolutions, the comma is not separated:

Many works, in private and " Tale of Belkin "and" Little Tragedies ",i reread several times.

2. Follow-out words And the combinations are not separated by the comma from the writing union at the beginning of the offer: AND d. eyelite He went soon.

BUT m. other hours , the rain passed the rain.

Allocated with round brackets:

If the introductory design contains an additional and associated remark or explanation, but distilted from the main sentence in meaning:

Alexei ( the reader already knew him

Dash stand out:

1. If the introductory design and the main offer comparedwith each other in meaning:

Here - nothing to do - Friends have kissed.

Bowls - there were four of them - held aside from us. (M. Gorky.)

2. With questioning or exclamation intonation:

This - i swear! - never happened to him.

It was decided - remember

3. If the introductory phrase forms an incomplete design (any word is missing from context), instead of one of the commas usually put a dash, for example:

Makarenkorepeatedly emphasized that the new pedagogy is based,one side, on unlimited trust in person and on the other - at high to himrequirements.

4. If the introductory word stands after the enumeration of homogeneous members and precedes a summary word, then before the introductory word is made only a dash (without a comma), and after it is a comma, for example:

Books, brochures,magazines, newspapers - in short, all types of printed products were lying on hisin writing in full disar

But: Men drankargued and laughing,– in short, dinner was extremely cheerful(Pushkin).

Never enter and do not stand out by commas :

maybeas if, literally, in addition, because, so, it is unlikely that, all the same, it seems, suddenly, to top it all, suddenly,

inultimately, Still, hardly, allegedly, almost, even, precisely, solely, as if, just

only by all means, besides, and it is necessary, meanwhile, probably, probably,

bydecree, by decision, approximately approximately, moreover, almostthis, simple, decisively, as if alleged

Introductory words

(Introductory words are not members of the sentence,

they can be easily lowering without breaking

offer structures)

Members of the sentence

(most often led or circumstances)

Shop, possiblyalready reorganized.

Shop possibly reorganize.

You, right, Translated here from Russia?(Lermontov).

You right Translated that passage?

Word finally is introductory if

1) In context, he was preceded by words

firstly Secondly ... or expresses the senses of the author.

The writing, firstly , very superficially discloses the topic, secondly , constantly knocking on the retelling and, finally, Just illiterately. It, finally, unbearable!

2) It indicates the connection of thoughts, the order of presentation (in the value "and more") or gives an assessment of the fact, from the point of view of the speaker, for example:

And finally , always better fall in a mistake, thinking well(Bitter)

In the meaning of "at the end", "finally", "after all", "as a result of the word" finallynot introductory, for example:

... We rose higher and higher and finally reached the top of the mountain.

Finally it happens introductory word,

Under the introductory word add particle -that it is impossible:

Can, finally, apply for advice

to specialist

finally (\u003d in the end \u003d finally / \u003d finally)

Finally got to the place of bed

(at last reached ...)

Snowfall finally stopped, and the sky turned out.

Word but is introductory if his it is impossible to replace the union but , eg:

See but, Faith, be careful(Turgenev).

If such a replacement is impossible, then this is a union, he

not inspired:

We did not hope to never meet but Meet me(Lermontov). [ However \u003d no]

Introductory words are allocated only if they are in the middle.

Spring, | it seems Already entered into their own rights |, suddenly again gave way to Winter.

Spring, | already, it seems, entered into their rights, | Suddenly he gave way to winter.

At all is an introductory word only in value generally speaking

At all You are right, and I have to agree with you. (\u003d. generally speaking / in truth)

It at all Nowhere works. (\u003d. at all)

At all You are right, but you elude some nuances. (\u003d. generally)

but it is an introductory word within the sentence. I Goloden, but.

but\u003d But:

Friends went on a path, but but I'm hungry.

[Was overcast], but [the rain has stopped].

Practical part

1. In the text below, arrange the punctuation marks during introductory words. In the phrase allocated in italics, all the punctuation marks are missed, try to place them and explain how the rules of the Russian language had to take advantage.

The student 6 "b" of the Nikita class was undoubtedly lazy. Naturally, his laziness led to getting bad assessments at school, and therefore he was also a two-way. In general, he could sometimes fight his laziness and then to the joy of all teachers received the "four", but the desire to overcome himself arose in Nikita not often. By the way, his laziness spread only for homework and maybe even some unpleasant duties for the house for example, dishes and cleaning the room. But Nikita had time and strength on pranks, computer games and definitely on football. Actually, against visiting school of pimples did not have anything, some lessons in particular physical education and drawing even delivered pleasure, but mathematics and mostly Russian language delivered unbearable suffering. First of all, he did not always correctly understood the rule, but perceived him in his own way, as it seemed more precisely. Next, Nikita could not apply this rule in practice means leaving a lot of errors. Perhaps he was required to understand the material more time, but it was not in Nikita. Having come from school, he first turned on the computer and at least an hour played an interesting and useful toy from his point of view. Then he fled to the courtyard and played football, demonstrating the dexterity and speed of the reaction. He really loved the sport, and then the boy must run and jump, in the end he should grow strong and stronger. Sit at home and read boring books means becoming sluggish and weak, and this in turn can lead to diseases. Is it really not more important to football books? These his thoughts of Nikita expressed his father, and he in turn supported his son and defended from Mom, which, on the contrary, considered the most important "five" in the diary.
Next, Nikita rested, watched TV or played on the computer again. After that, the lessons remained just 30 minutes, because Mom demanded to go to bed no later than at 21.30. And it was in these half an hour on Nikita attacked lazy, in any case this condition could only be called . The boy sluggishly moved the page of textbooks mainly trying to remember what they were talking in the classroom and convincing himself what and so everything remembers the closing books. Thus, the lessons remained ultimately not made, and among teachers a hard view that Nikita is undoubtedly lazy. You do not think so

Option 1

Emphasize the grammatical foundations, arrange the punctuation marks, designate introductory words

As part of the rain and the cold continued the whole of May.

Are you sure Mozart is something upset?

Mountain air without any doubt acts beneficially on human health.

It seems your story there made a lot of noise.

The first navigators leaving the land were focused on the outlines of the shores in the form of clouds and of course on the stars.

Option 1

Emphasize the grammatical foundations, arrange the punctuation marks, designate introductory words

As part of the rain and the cold continued the whole of May.

Are you sure Mozart is something upset?

Mountain air without any doubt acts beneficially on human health.

It seems your story there made a lot of noise.

The first navigators leaving the land were focused on the outlines of the shores in the form of clouds and of course on the stars.

Option 2.

Emphasize the grammatical foundations, arrange the punctuation marks, designate introductory words

Option 2.

Emphasize the grammatical foundations, arrange the punctuation marks, designate introductory words

We approached the town where, according to the bearded commandant, there was a strong detachment.

In a word, this person had a permanent and irresistible desire to create a case.

To meet us, Shhun should be in Taman.

The sea is hundreds of miles around seemed deserted.

On the one hand, it was a very kind person on the other - hot-tempered and sharp.

Option 2.

Emphasize the grammatical foundations, arrange the punctuation marks, designate introductory words

We approached the town where, according to the bearded commandant, there was a strong detachment.

In a word, this person had a permanent and irresistible desire to create a case.

To meet us, Shhun should be in Taman.

The sea is hundreds of miles around seemed deserted.

On the one hand, it was a very kind person on the other - hot-tempered and sharp.

Option 2.

Emphasize the grammatical foundations, arrange the punctuation marks, designate introductory words

We approached the town where, according to the bearded commandant, there was a strong detachment.

In a word, this person had a permanent and irresistible desire to create a case.

To meet us, Shhun should be in Taman.

The sea is hundreds of miles around seemed deserted.

On the one hand, it was a very kind person on the other - hot-tempered and sharp.

3. Practical task on the topic "Introductory words and suggestions"

Run punctuation marks. Specify the introductory words Maybe we will go to the forest. He seems a bit tired. It is unlikely to rain today. The road was happily not blurred.

2. Run punctuation marks. Draw the scheme of this offer.

Do not forget please Pavel Denisovich about my request.

3. Specify which words cannot be allocated by commas at the point of pass in the sentence:

Amur River, ..., our wider.

A. Some V. Perhaps the city after all

4. Find suggestions where the punctuation marks are incorrectly set. To write down the numbers of those proposals in which a punctuation error is allowed. Explain the error.

1.k, happiness, it is impossible to get used to.

2. But at that moment, I confess, I did not even occur to laugh.

3. The relationship of spring seems to be miracle.

4.Mnnet, just, nothing to argue with you!

5.Us - there were ten - they walked together every morning to the pond.

Insert, where necessary, punctuation marks.

1. The misfortune of it did not change it, and in front of it became even stronger and energetic.

2. Terente was injured in small locksmith; But first, there was little work, and secondly, urgent things took a lot of time.

3. Not a year, but maybe Ivan Georgievich lived for ten years overnight.

4. What is good, probably and marry, from the dignity of the soul ...

5. All this seemed to me as strange as well as others.

6. The student thought about a minute likely to more accurately formulate his answer.

7. And Peter Petrovich at least in many signs, a person is very honorable.

8. The child who was afraid of the horse appeared to the mother.

9. After explanation, our relationship did not become better, but on the contrary they were still smashed.

10. I will come early in the morning, and maybe even at night.

11. Many works in particular "Tale of Belkin" and "Little Tragedies" I reread several times.

12. And he really left soon.

13. And by the way the rain passed the rain.

14. Alexey ( the reader already knew him ) Meanwhile, I looked at the young peasant.

15. Here - nothing to do - Friends have kissed.

16. Boobniks - there were four of them

17. This is i swear! - never happened to him.

18. It was decided - remember ? - What I will come to him in a few days.

19. Makarenko has repeatedly stressed that the new pedagogy is based on the one hand on unlimited confidence in person, and on the other hand, at high demands.

20. Books, brochures, magazines, newspapers - Word all types of printed products were lying on his desk in full disarray.

21. Men drank, argued and laughed, - the word dinner was extremely cheerful.

22. The workshop is already reorganized.

23. Are you correctly translated here from Russia?

24. And finally, it is always better to fall in a mistake, thinking well.

25. The essay, firstly, very superficially discloses the topic, secondly, constantly comes down to the retelling and finally simply illiterately.

26. It is finally unbearable!

27. You can finally seek advice to a specialist

28. See however, faith, be careful.

29. Spring seems to have already entered into their rights suddenly gave way to Winter.

30. Spring, it already seems to have entered into their rights, suddenly again gave way to Winter.

31. In general, you are right, and I have to agree with you.

32. I'm hungry however.

33. Friends went along the path, but soon they were forced to stop.

34. However, I'm hungry.

35. It was overcast but the rain stopped.

36. Finally got to the place of bed (finally got ...)

37. We did not hope to ever meet, but they met [however \u003d but]

38. It does not work anywhere in general (\u003d at all).

39. In general, you are right, but some nuances elude you (\u003d in general).

40. The workshop can be reorganized.

41. Did you contact that passage?

42. We climbed higher and higher and finally reached the top of the mountain.

Check yourself:

1. misfortune did not change it, and on the contrary, he became even stronger and energetic.

2. Terente was injured in small locksmith; but, firstly, there was little work, and secondly, a lot of time took urgent matters.

3. Not a year, but may beTen years lived Ivan Georgievich in one night.

4. What good, perhaps, and marries, from the dignity of the soul ...

5. All this seemed strange to me, however, as well as others.

6. Student thought about a minute probablyIn order to more accurately formulate your answer.

7. And Peter Petrovich, at least For many signs, a person is very honorable.

8. The child scared apparently, horses, ran to the mother.

9. After explanation, our relationship did not become better, but on the contrary, even more smashed.

10. I will come early in the morning, and possibly, even at night.

11. Many works, in private and " Tale of Belkin "and" Little Tragedies ", I reread several times.

12. AND d. eyeliteHe went soon.

13. BUT m. other hours, the rain passed the rain.

14. Alexey ( the reader already knew him) Meanwhile, I looked at the young peasant.

15. Here - nothing to do - Friends have kissed.

16. Boobniks - there were four of them - held aside from us.

17. This is i swear! - never happened to him.

18. It was decided - remember? - What I will come to him in a few days.

19. Makarenko repeatedly stressed that the new pedagogy is based on the one hand, on unlimited confidence in person, and on the other - at high demands.

20. Books, brochures, magazines, newspapers - in shortAll kinds of printed products were lying on his desk in full disarray

21. Men drank, argued and laughing, - in short, dinner was extremely cheerful

22. Workshop possiblyalready reorganized.

23. You, right, Translated here from Russia?

24. And finally, always better fall in a mistake, thinking well.

25. Essay, firstly, very superficially reveals the topic, secondly, constantly knocks on the retelling and, finally, Just illiterately.

26. It is finally, unbearable!

27. You can finally, apply for advice to a specialist

28. Look but, Faith, be careful.

29. Spring, it seems Already entered into their own rights |, suddenly again gave way to Winter.

30. Spring, already, it seems, entered into their rights |, suddenly again gave way to Winter.

31. At allYou are right, and I have to agree with you (\u003d Generally speaking / in truth).

32. I'm hungry, but.

33. Friends went on the path, but Soon they were forced to stop.

34. but I'm hungry.

35. [was overcast], but [the rain has stopped].

36. Finally got to the place of bed ( at last reached ...)

37. We did not hope to ever meet but met [ However \u003d but]

38. ON. at all Nowhere works (\u003d at all).

39. At all You are right, but you elude some nuances. (\u003d Overall)

40. Shop possibly reorganize.

41. You right Translated that passage?

42. We rose higher and higher and finally reached the top of the mountain

Task number 10. Punctuation analysis (introductory words, phrases and suggestions; plug-in structures; appeals)

Objectives class

Repeat and summarize knowledge about words and structures, grammatically related to the proposal.

Secure the skills of finding words and designs, grammatically associated with members of the sentence.

Repeat the rules for placing punctuation marks in such offers.

First we will repeat with you all about the introductory words, phrases, suggestions and plug-in structures.

Introductory words are not members of the proposal: it cannot be asked a question from other membership members; They complicate the offer. With their help, the speaker expresses his attitude towards what is said in the proposal. Wed, for example: I probably will hand over the exam; I certainly rent a good exam. On the letter, introductory words are allocated by commas.

Introductory and plug-in designs are not parts of the sentence, but complicate a simple sentence (or complex). The introductory proposals are expressed by the attitude of the statement speaker, and the plug-in structures contain additional comments, passing refinements. Under the introductory proposals, they are most often set, and when inserted - dash or brackets, for example, I seem to me, learned all the rules; One of the winter evenings - I lay on the sofa with an interesting detective - suddenly the call rang, turned the whole my life later.

Introductory words are divided into discharge.

Value	Introductory words and phrases
Express feelings of speaking (joy, regret, surprise, etc.).	Fortunately, unfortunately, fortunately, in misfortune, to joy, to chagrin, to clutch, to the annoyance, unfortunately, to surprise, to horror, for shame, for happiness, to joy, on trouble, what a good, strange thing , amazing case, not even an hour, there is nothing to hide sinand etc.
Express an estimate of the speaker degree of reliability of the reported (confidence, assumption, possibility, uncertainty and	Of course, undoubtedly, without any doubt, it is obviously certain, of course, of course, it is impossible, indeed, probably, it is probably true, probably, in all likelihood, maybe maybe, it may seem to seem to be Apparently, it seems, perhaps, in fact, however, it is not true, in essence, essentially, in fact, the right, tea, it is necessary to believe, I think I hope I supposeand etc.
Indicate the connection of thoughts, the sequence of their presentation.	So, therefore, it means, on the contrary, on the contrary, further, finally, by the way, in general, in general, in particular, in addition, moreover, it became, for example, for example, most importantly, thus, by the way, by the way say to the word to say, firstly, secondlyetc., with one hand, on the other hand, I repeat, emphasizeand etc.
Indicate the techniques and ways of thinking.	In a word, in one word, in other words, in other words, in other words, to shortly speaking, simply speaking, gently expressing, if you can say so if you can say so, with the permission to say, it is better to say so to say what is calledand etc.
Specify the message source.	They say, report, transmit, according to ..., according to the information ..., according to ..., in opinion ..., in my opinion, in your opinion, in our opinion, in your opinion, in my opinion, According to rumors, according to legend, I remember, hear, they say, they sayand etc.
The words addressed to the interlocutor in order to attract his attention to the reported, inspire a certain attitude towards the thoughts outlined.	See (whether), see (Li), you know (whether), you know (whether), you know (Lee), you know (Lee), understand, understand, Believe me, listen, imagine, imagine, imagine, sorry, sorry, believe (Lee), please raise, notice yourself, make mercy, tell me for mercy, if you want to knowand etc.
Indicate an estimate of the measure of what is said about.	At least the most less, at least without exaggerationand etc.
Show the degree of usual what is said about.	It happens, it happened, it happened, as usual, according to customand etc.
Express the expressiveness of the statement.	In truth, according to the conscience, in fairness, except for jokes, it is funny to say, it's not a reproach, it is necessary to admit, to say to honor, admit to say, to be honest, between us speaking, between us be saidand etc.
NB.! Are not introductory and not allocated by commas the following words and combinations of words: maybe, you mean, literally, as if, in addition, to top off, suddenly, after all, ultimately, so, it is unlikely that, after all, even if, exclusively, it is, sometimes, as if, as if, just Meanwhile, I suppose, in no way, almost, therefore, approximately, approximately, moreover, and simply, stronger, as if, nevertheless, allegedly, others like (particles, adverbs).
The wordsfinally, it means, however, mainly in the sentence can function differently
The word is introductory		The word introductory is not
FINALLY
Indicates the connection of thoughts, the order of their presentation (= and further),completes the listing: Finally, you can finally seek advice to a specialist; Pookey was an outcomes from the simple people, first - self-taught, then recognized artist and, finally, academician.		Performs the function of circumstances (= at the end, finally, after all, as a result of all): We climbed everything higher and finally reached the vertices; Finally, all the cases were completed.A particle is possible in this meaning. -to: finally got to place night (= finally got ...).
BUT
If it is in the middle or at the end of the sentence: Look, however, be careful; How much trouble, however.		If it stands at the beginning of the proposal (parts of a complex offer) or associate homogeneous members (in these cases, the meaning of a configuration union but): We did not hoped to meet, but met; However, his behavior did not offend me.
So
If synonymous words consequently began to be: Solar spots completely disappeared, it means that the Sun was already bent for noon; So you can't come today? If there is between the pressing and main proposals: If spring comes, it means that it will be warm. If there is between parts of the non-union complex proposal: The call rang, it means that the lesson ended.		If close in meaning to the word meansthat is a fault: A person means immeasurably more than it is customary to think about him.(Bitter). If it is between the subject and taught, then it is rated by a dash: Fight - it means to win.
MAINLY
If it serves to highlight any fact, to express its assessment: The manual should be corrected and, mainly, supplement the new material.(mainly \u003d most importantly).		If it matters first of all, most of all: He achieved success mainly due to his hardworking; I like in him the mainly of his sincerity.
6. To difficult cases in this task include such proposals in which the introductory word is in the middle of it, and the comma will be alone. When does this happen? 1. If the introductory word is at the beginning or at the end of a separate turnover (separation, refinement, explanations, accession), then it is not separated by the punctuation of the punctuation; If the introductory word is in the middle of this turnover, it is allocated by commas on the general reasons:
*He plunged into reflections, apparently producing some calculations in the mind.* *He remembered these words, possibly heard in childhood.* He acted recklessly, probably by all.		Wed: He plunged into reflections, producing, apparently, there are some calculations in the mind. Wed: He remembered these words heard, perhaps in childhood. Wed:He acted recklessly
2. If the Introductory Word stands after the opposing union but And it is impossible to withdraw it or rearranged, the introductory word of the comma from the Union is not separated (and therefore, and therefore, and however, but opposite): Calculations were made for a row, and therefore, inaccurately. But: if the withdrawal or permutation of the introductory word is possible, then the comma is placed after the union, since it is not associated with the introductory word: You must work more energetic, but, in morestally, not to be lazy.

How to perform a task 10.

First, carefully read the specified offer and consider all commas in it. They will be at least three. Try to determine which function every punctuation sign performs.

There, (1) at the top, (2) shone the bright southern sun. It must be (3) the rays of it were so strong, (4) that the grass has long been dried. Answer 3.

NB! Very often there are appeals or clarifying sentences (see the previous example) - do not confuse them with the introductory.

Sometimes the introductory words stand in the middle of the sentence, and they are allocated with commas only on the one hand (that is, only one digit will be in response), for example: He acted recklessly, (1) Probably vanishing to everyone, (2) without thinking about the consequences. (Answer 1)

And now perform practical tasks. You have tables on the tables with discharges of inner words and phrases. You can use them when performing tasks.

The task sounds like this: "In the suggestions below, all commas are numbered.

Write down the number (s), denoting (s) comma (s) with introductory word or introductory structures. "

Boys, (1) Of course, (2) did so, (3) as a conscience told, (4) And conscience is a feeling, (5) multiplied by the awareness of the right.

What, (1) However, (2) power in the light, (3) reflected from autumn forests! Everything is a compartment like in glow. And, (4) in particular, (5) your face. (K. POUST)

Answer: 1256.

The behavior of the teacher was, (1) in his opinion, (2) devoid of logic: dragged into the theater, (3) Yes, in the inconsistent holidays, (4) with the class? (Shcherbakov)

And, (1) perhaps (2) Therefore, I was unfair to you. But now I want, (3) So that you are happy, (4) Kohl. (R. Fraerman)

No, (1) Dangerous wizard, (2) Of course, (3) would not say so, (4) and it came closer. (A. Green)

It is possible (1) Of course, (2) approach, (3) And it is possible not to approach, (4) it will be not good, (5) But right ... (B. Emelyanov)

Where (1) In your opinion (2), does this path lead? We promise to do everything (3) in your opinion.

Life (1) It seemed (2) closed the circle, and Green no longer had neither joy or reasonable classes. The sea (3) seemed to be (4) the bottomless and completely black.

A man in a rustling (1) Fortunately (2) is able to make miracles. He did not notice what was happening and (3) fortunately (4) was still calm.

Network (1) Of course (2) burned (3) however (4) it was possible and published to admire her dark greens.

Suddenly (1) the engine is somehow (2) in a special (3) styled and (4), as it seemed (5), it was cleared.

Son, (1) Come on, (2) Go begging and lie down. I will come to you, (3) and we will talk.

Never, (4) probably (5) I did not feel so protected and in such safety. (E. Grishkovets)

He, (1) it seemed, (2) rejoiced his life with might and main, (3) every minute, (4) every second of his being.

(A. Propriate)

(A. Predashin)

Do not remember, (1) We had a teacher ... singer tra la-la? - Sorry, (2) - finally said Babus, (3) looking into her eyes.

Maybe (4) Her Chamber was on the second floor? (Yu. Yakovlev)

They say, (1) that every person in life should have a goal. Mom and dad, (2) when they stayed together, (3) seems to be (4) about anything, (5) besides my illness, (6) did not speak. (A. Aleksin)

Colds, (1) in essence, (2) is early. Oak stood, (3) as a epic warrior, (4) harsh and mighty. (E. nosov)

Offers with appeals

Appeal is an integral line of spoken speech and dialogues of artistic texts, it is used mainly in motivating or question deals.

But the appeals are not only the names of people or nicknames of animals. It may also be the names of inanimate objects, as well as phenomena of inanimate nature:

Oh, if, if, whether the key is pleasant. Zhurchi, Zhurchi I was my job ... (Pushkin);

Wheel, hail of Petrov, and stand non-rounds, like Russia (Pushkin).

Such appeals are a special poetic technique, they have the character of personification.

How to perform this task.

Find all words in the specified proposal in the very famous case at which the commas are. Determine the grammatical basis of the sentence, because the appeals are often confused with under-lying. Compare:

The daughter of the janitor, Mashutka, rushed into the house in horror.

- I do not know what you think, Marina, Taste in the house these books! (Oseev).

In two sentences, two names of their own facilities are used, but only in the second sentence there is an appeal (in the first sentence, the word Mashutka is an application).

Read the offer. The appeals are pronounced with a special challenge intonation called who they are treated with speech; They can stand in any part of the sentence - at the beginning, middle or at the end:

Forward someone else's misfortune, doves! (Wings)

But this is the easiest case. There are more difficult, which you need to know.

Sometimes in one sentence, one and the same appeal repeats several times, and not in a row, and they are separated from each other members of the sentence, which creates special expression:

You, sir, stone, sir, ice (Griboedov).

The circulation is most often unprofitable (that is, consist of one word), but can be both distributed (contain also definitions):

The young man pale with the gaze burning! Now I give you three covenants (Bryusov).

A common appeal can be broken by members of the sentence, for example:

Roll off, (1) Smart, (2) You wrapped you, (3) head?! (Wings) (answer 1, 2, 3).

6. The proposal may have several different appeals, which are called homogeneous:

My girlfriend my harsh days, my dove is mine! One in the wilderness of the forests of pine long ago, you have long been waiting for me (Pushkin).

And now practical tasks.

So here he, (1) Winter oak! And, (2) mentally asking oak

forgiveness for your little human cunning, (3) She said: - Well, (4) Savushkin, (5) It just means, (6) that the short path is not the most faithful. (Y. Nagibin)

I love you, (3) Kunting, (4) I love you very much. You do not believe me, (5) Kunting? (L. Andreev)

Answer: 345.

Come here, (1) there is a spring, (2) - shouted Vaska.

They opened the country, (3) which they never had seen ... - True, (4) Vaska? (A. Predashin)

In the proposals below are numbered all commas.

Write down the number (s), denoting (s) comma) when contacting.

What are you, (1) a panty such, (2) are you afraid of everything? - Mom asked, (3) Looking at me with a fun surprise. - Grandmother, (4) Probably, (5) Admitted again? (P. Sanaev)

Guys, (1) I was waiting for the father longer, (2) than you.

We inform, (3) that your father, (4) Major Kozyrev, (5) fell by the death of the brave seventh of May forty-fifth year. (A. Predshi)

Not from the people, (1) and from the ax, (2) is full. There is no eye of the eye, (3) - immediately answered the lease. - Iron it, (4) on the handle is worn. (L. Leonov)

Take care of the beauty of nature, (1) people. And it does not run away from him in fear of the disturbed hare, (2) does not shout, (3) as over the stranger, (4) forty. (E. nosov)

Well, what is the willow, (1) youth? He said, (2) browsing the work of students.

Far even until spring, (3) Daria Petrovna. Oh, (4) Dalitonko ...

(O. Tuberovskaya)

He called him the same, (1) as my last dog friend, (2) Tomka.

Tomka, (3) - I said complaints, (4) - wake up. (B. Emelyanov)

Suvorov's sweeter from the pleasure of his arms and just wanted to say: "Well, (1) brother, (2) caught!" - How suddenly the soldier stretched out to the frunt and glaked:

Victoria, (3) Your clay!

Verify God, (4) How I spent!

Pomery God, (5) a real soldier! (S. Alekseev)

You know Katyusha, (1) Neighbor? Be smart, (2) go to Kate. Go, (3) Cute, (4) I will come.

One day my neighbor on the corridor, (1) Polina Ivanovna, (2) from the adjacent apartment, (3) there was a bad heart with a heart.

Babasik, (4) I will go, (5) - she turned to Polina Ivanovna. (P. Vasilyev)

You will save them, (1) My dear, (2) and will come time, (3) when they become your friends. I have a nice, (4) clever. (V. Krapivin)

Passyou are welcome,this manuscript editor - Introductory word ("I ask you"); Please tell me what brave! - one-piece combination when expressing surprise, indignation, indignation; In the evening, please, I can't come to come - particle to express consent ("yes"); Invite to yourself - please, but he himself will not go to visit - particle ("Yes").

Seddered cap from which Bredyuk,seem to be,i did not part and in a dream, was driven by forehead (F.) - Introductory word in the middle of the sentence; He answeredseem to be not even hiding her mistrust to the words of the interlocutor - Introductory word at the beginning of a separate turnover; Looks like no - One whole combination.

It was alreadyperhaps,for midnight (Mark.) - Introductory Word; Occupy this place has the right not he is alone, but perhaps, and others - ca combination; Perhaps not.

Note. Are not introductory and not stand out by commas words and phrases: perhaps you mean, literally, as if, in addition, to top off, suddenly, after all, ultimately, it's hardly, after all, even if, exclusively, exactly, as if, as if, just , I suppose, in no way, almost, therefore, about, approximately, moreover, and simply, decisively, as if allegedly et al. (particles, adverbs).

Punctuation selection These words are explained by different reasons: in some cases, the fact that some of the above words refer to the so-called modal particles close to modal (introductory) words; in others - they play the role of semantic shades inherent in certain words and allowing them to be allocated by commas; Finally, the influence of the previous rules or individual author's punctuation is possible. Wed:

I have a headache; I went out to the air - aB Pass (T.); Maybedecide and come (C.);

To top it all Began rain (C.). - AND,to top it allneither forks or knives (S.For.) - Optional Seal (see § 20);

Night Strestil, boy?; Frozenprobably?;All of themnight Blame. - I supposewe will not put on (P.); One is not a bird mill that, no matter how caresses,i supposewill not fly (N.); Well, your wife?I supposebeauty (C.);

... yes no Costelus rye turned our daughter! (N.); Batyushki, no Barin? (Tel.). - And me,in any wayi want to have again (T.); Yes,in any wayyou are the most offender and there (S.-S.);

weabout in these tones and with such conclusions (Furm.) ("Approximately"). - I try about itabout,do not think - it is impossible (Ac.) ("For example").

9. Punctuation with words and phrases finally, in the end, however, of course, in general, in general, in any case, in turn, in fact, in particular, mainly, the main thing, it means, on the contrary, for example, at least in terms of His side et al. has its own characteristics.

1) Word finally is the introductory I. obtaining:

a) if it indicates the connection of thoughts, the order of their presentation (in the meaning "and more"), completes the listing: Potchezyshin was an outcomes from the simple people, first - self-taught, then a recognized artist and,finally,academician (Tel.); Sit down somewhere in the mounds in the steppe, or on a hilly on the river, or,finally,on a well-known clutch, only the rustle of the leaves listened to the blind ... (Cor.); Often the word finally With homogeneous members of the sentence preceded words firstly Secondly etc. or on the one hand on the other hand, in relation to which the word finally is a closing listing;

b) if it gives an assessment of a fact from the point of view of the speaker or used to express impatience, to enhance, underscores something: Yesfinallyalways better fall in a mistake, thinking well (MG); Yes, leave the samefinally! (C.) In the values \u200b\u200bof the end, "finally", "after everything", "as a result of the word" finally It is not introduced and performs the function of adventure circumstances: Gave three bala annually and finally dreamed (P.); Fight, fled, finally tired (Up.); ... we climbed higher and higher and finally reached the top of the mountain (Cloth); ... quickly went all cash, the diamonds of the wife, finally, and most of the dowry daughter (Rock.); Finally, all the affairs were over. In these values \u200b\u200bto the word finally can usually be added a particle -to (Under introductory word, this addition is impossible); Wed: Finally got to the place of bed (\u003d finally got ...). - Can,finally,contact advice to a specialist (Adding a particle -to It is impossible).

2) A similar difference is available between the introduction function and the function of the circumstance in a combination eventually; Wed: After all, B. Eventually,we have not hurried anywhere (not the time indicates, and the conclusion to which a series of reasoning speaking as a result); Well, in Eventually,will happen to you?; I am not a criminal, in Eventually;Actor, B. Eventually,little prepared for such a responsible role; He is in Eventually,careful enough; IN Eventually,i am in everything is to blame; What happened what Eventually,it was impossible to avoid; And please, please, nevertheless, in Eventually,where is your wife? (A.T.); In the end they [Officers] took the side of the commander (N.-P.); In the end, the agreement was achieved; The strikers eventually achieved their (see the above values \u200b\u200bof adverbs finally: "At the end", "finally", "after everything", "as a result of everything"); Chestanka perfectly remembered how she spent her day and how in the end it hit this unfamiliar sidewalk (C.); However, he did not stand out before requests and eventually agreed (KUPER.).

3) Word but is the introductory I. out of If it is in the middle or at the end of the sentence: Look, however, faith, be careful (T.); Passionately devotee Barina, he,how wellrare day in something is not soling him (Rock.); The weather was windy, wind,but,not quite passing (Rock.); But,but,i'm terribly tormented by the Swedish match (C.) - Neighborhood words but and but Indicates that the second of them is not used in the function of the unambiguous union; As I deftly, however! (Ch.), So much trouble, however (C.).

At the beginning of the offer (or parts of a complex proposal) or as a means of communication of homogeneous members but It has the meaning of the opposing union and is not introductory: However, the tricky politician of the Father did not offend him (Sob.); Cannonade became weaker, but the crackle of the guns behind and the right was heard more and more often (L.T.); We did not hoped to never meet more, however (L.).

In rare cases but At the beginning of the offer is separated comma Approaching the meaning to the interjection (expresses surprise, bewilderment, indignation): But,what a wind! (C.);How wellwe must drink coffee (C.); But,a lot wanted!

4) Word sure Usually stand out commas As an introductory: Sure,much means habit (C.); To me to mesure,there is no case (A.T.); Initially there were difficulties,sure.

But sometimes the word sure, Pronounced by the tone of confidence, conviction, acquires the value of the affirmative particle and punctuation not allocated: Of course, the truth!: Of course it is so; I certainly came if I was warned in advance. Cf.

Today, in the field of our attention, there was a far from idle question: is it possible to "finally" with commas allocate and what are the conditions for their production. We will analyze examples and subtleties of the word, because it is always more difficult with punctuation than with spelling.

It all depends on the meaning

It happened that in Russian grammar it is impossible to withdraw universal rules, because a lot is given to the refuse to the author. The word considered today can be both introductory and inferior. Naturally, if it is introduced, it is allocated with commas if there is no adjustment. All the difficulty is to understand this thin face. However, this is not all possible options. Question: "Is it finally" commas? " - May disappear if the definition "finally" decays to the noun "end" and the pretext of "on". In this case, of course, no commas are needed. For example: "At the end of the rope we tied the air snake." But then it will be not about such simple cases.

"Finally" as an introductory word

It seems here everything is relatively clear. Even a person who poorly remembering the school curriculum will immediately say that water words are always allocated with commas. If they are at the beginning of the sentence, then the same comma, if at the end - comma and point, and if in the middle - two commas. The difficulty here is one - to know exactly when it is "finally" commas should be allocated. The object of the study is an introductory word under the following conditions:

If indicates the connection of thoughts or the procedure for presentation. For example: "Why should Petrov quit? First, it does not fulfill standards. Secondly, he is very careless. Finally, I just don't like it! " For convenience, you can try to mentally replace "finally" on "and more", if the replacement is possible, the word is exactly introductory.
Subjective assessment or emotion. For example: "Where, finally, my things, how much can you wait for these porters?"

Of course, all this is rather difficult to understand the first time, but when the entire picture is entirely the picture, we hope that the point will become clearer.

Synonyms that cancel commas

The punctuation of the Russian language is much more complicated by spelling, therefore, so as not to be mistaken, you need to look for various analogues that make an obvious mysterious. Mind replacement is often helped in this sense. If instead of "finally" can be put "at the end", "as a result of everything", "after all", then it should not be allocated. For example: "My way home was a nodogue and full adventure, but finally I got home, about 6 am."

Perhaps the most difficult task for verifies such texts, especially when the author cannot be asked about his plan, it is properly understood the initial meaning.

The case when the nuances decide the outcome of the fight against grammar

Continuing the conversation about whether it is worth allocating "finally" commas or not, it is impossible not to say about one trick, which often works. If in the sentence you can replace "finally" to "finally", the commas are not needed. For example, the famous phrase of Cheburashka "We built, built and finally built" does not need commas. It can be painless in it, without loss of meaning to replace "Finally" on "Finally". And now we are ready to answer another question that worries many: "Finally," is allocated with commas? No, it does not stand out.

Optional cases

Yes, there is still such a situation where the object of the study combines the function of the adverb and the introductory word. In these cases, the emotions of the speaker go on the fore, and then the comma is put. For example: "The young man thoughtlessly threw money on the wind, and left without a penny, finally!"

Justice must be said that this kind of delights rarely come across, and rather this is the area of \u200b\u200bthe author's responsibility. The reader probably heard the phrase "author's style" - that's it. When a writer allows itself certain liberties in the alignment of punctuation marks, and then the latter turn into the headache of philologists and all writing, because they are assembled into the housing of the so-called exceptions. Our task is not so complicated, you must first understand the basic principles.

Another subtlety in need of mention

The alignment is also influenced by the fact that the introductory word is located next to the connecting union, and they are located at the beginning of the sentence. For example:

And indeed, the child dropped his lollipop, and now Gorky cried.
And of course, I came on my birthday first, however, as always.
And finally, Petrov just a bad author, let's dismissed him from the newspaper.

True, in the latter case options are possible if the object of the study indicates the connection of thoughts and is in the middle or end of the sentence, then "and finally" commas is separated from both sides, even despite the presence of the Union. For example: "First, I want to thank all readers of my books, to be honest, they are mediocre (joke). Secondly, their parents who gave me to the philological faculty, and I learned to put out the sentence from words and post the secrets of punctuation and spelling, however, not all. Third, my wife who tolerates me. Fourth, my friends, and finally, my cat, who supported me, lying on his knees when I wrote every novel. "

Against ambiguousness

To study the native language, you can spend your life and never master all the subtleties. But if the reader needs to avoid ambiguousness, then let him choose only one hundred percent cases of the production or absence of commas: "Finally, the dad came home from work and brought chocolate, we waited so long." And in cases where this is an introductory word, it is possible to replace it with a more obvious analogue or even remove: "Yes, where, finally, my handle! Where did I hurt her?! " Mentally remove the "finally" and nothing will change.

But this is important only if you editor or corrector, the author can afford some kind of liberty. But the experience says that the author, if he is not the scale, rather subordinates to those who overgrow themselves. Therefore, it is better to use the Russian language within the normal range so that there are no ambiguity and problems.

Only one small detail remains. There is a famous line from the group "Spleen": "Late night, through all the commas, I finally got to the point." How to be with commas that lead to point? In different sources in their own way, but, according to the rules that exclude the author's style, you need to write without commas, because you can be painlessly replaced by "finally."