Why alkenes discolor bromine water. Unfoluble hydrocarbons

Alkins (otherwise acetylene hydrocarbons) - hydrocarbons containing a triple bond between carbon atoms with a general formula CNH2N-2. Carbon atoms with triple bond are in a state of hybridization.

Acetylene S. bromine water

Acetylene molecule contains a triple relationship, bromine destroys it and joins acetylene. Terabromethane is formed. Bromis is spent on the formation of tetrabromethane. Bromine water (yellow) - discolored.

This reaction flows at a lesser rate than in a number of ethylene hydrocarbons. The reaction also passes stepwise:

HC ≡ CH + BR 2 → CHBR \u003d CHBR + BR 2 → CHBR 2 - CHBR 2

acetylene → 1,2-Diberomethane → 1,1,2,2-Tetrabromethane

The discoloration of the bromine water proves the disappearance of acetylene.

Acetylene reaction with potassium permanganate solution

In the solution of potassium permanganate, acetylene oxidation occurs, while the molecule is rupture at the site of the triple bond, the solution is quickly discolored.

3NC ≡ CH + 10KMNO 4 + 2H 2 O → 6CO 2 + 10Cone + 10mno 2

This reaction is a high-quality response to a double and triple connection.

Acetylene reaction with ammonia solution of silver oxide

If acetylene skip through an ammonary solution of silver oxide, hydrogen atoms in acetylene molecule will easily be fed by metals, as they have great mobility. In this experiment, hydrogen atoms are replaced by silver atoms. Silver acetylene is formed - the sediment of yellow color (explosive).

CH ≡ CH + OH → AGC≡CAG ↓ + NH 3 + H 2 O

This reaction is a high-quality response to a triple relationship.

1)
C6H6.
2)
C5H8.
3)
C6H14.
4)
C6H12.

2. The length of the connection of the CS and the valence angle in alkine molecules is respectively equal
1)
180˚ and 0.154 nm
3)
120˚ and 0.134 nm
2)
180˚ and 0.120 nm
4)
109˚28 'and 0.154 nm

3. KMNO4 solution discolor both substances in a row
1)
Propin and propane
3)
Acetylene and ethylene
2)
Butadiene-1.3 and Bhutan
4)
Boutylene and Isobutan

4. As a result of the reaction of Kucherov forms
1)
ethanol.
2)
ethane
3)
Ethanal
4)
Ethadiool-1,2

5. Acetylene in industry is obtained using
1)
Hydrolysis of calcium carbide
3)
distillation of oil
2)
Pyrolysis Metha
4)
Hydrogenation Ethena

6. Ethin can be distinguished from ethane with
1)
Lacmus
3)
Copper hydroxide (II)
2)
aqueous solution of alkali
4)
Bromine water

7. Which of the presented statements about Propin and its properties are correct?
A. The propine molecule contains a tetrahedral fragment of atoms.
B. Propin can be distinguished from propane with aqueous solution of potassium permanganate.
1)
True only A.
2)
Right only B.
3)
Both statements are true
4)
Both statements are incorrect

8. In the transformation scheme
CAC2 x1 x2.
substances x1 and x2 are respectively
1)
C2H4 and C2H5SL
3)
C2H2 and CH2CL-CH2CL
2)
C2H2 and CH2 \u003d CHCl
4)
CH4 and CH3CL

9. Propaine is able to react with each of the substances specified in the row
1)
CH, C6H6, BR2
4)
H2, O2, NA
2)
Cu, H2, H2O
5)
KMNO4, CH4, HBR
3)
CL2, HCL, OH
6)
H2O, CL, CL2

Part A. Test tasks with a choice of response 1. Boutine-2 formula: A. CH \u003d C - CH2 - CH3. B. CH3 -C \u003d C - CH3.

B. CH3 - C \u003d CH.

CH3 - C \u003d C - CH2 - CH3.

2. The first member of the homologous series of Alkins:

B. Propin.

3. Isomomer Pentina-1 is:

A. Penten-1.

B. 2-Methylbutan.

B. 3-methylbutin-1.

G. 3-methylpente-1.

4. Communication between carbon atoms in acetylene molecule:

A. Single.

V. Tripoe.

B. double.

The city is one and a half.

5. The formula of the substance for which the hydrogenation reaction is characteristic:

6. Method for producing boudo-1.

A. Dehydrogenation Bouthen-1.

B. Chlorination of methane.

B. Dehydrogenation of propane.

G. Bootena-1 hydration.

7. Raw materials for industrial production of polyvinyl chloride:

A. Acetylene. V. Chlorhetan.

B. Ethylene. G. Butadiene-1.3.

8. Bromine water is discolored by transmittance through it, the formula of which is:

C4N10. 9. Catalyst in Kucherov's reaction:

BUT. Sulfuric acid.

V. Chloride Aluminum.

B. Sulfate mercury (II).

G. Platinum.

10. The hydrocarbon formula, with full combustion of 1 mol of which 4 mol of carbon oxide (IV) and 3 mol of water are formed: A. C4N8. B. C4N10. V. S2N6. C4N6. Part B.. Tasks with free answer

11. What color and labeling have steel cylinders used to store methane and acetylene?

12. Output the formula of the hydrocarbon, 2.24l of which (N.U.) have a lot of 4g.

13. Make the equation of reactions according to the following scheme: calcium carbonate \u003d\u003e calcium carbide \u003d\u003e acetylene. Specify the conditions for their implementation.

1. Know the general formula of alkanov, formulas and names of substances of the homologous series of alkanans (to octane);

2. Know the definitions: Homologists, Homologic series, isomers, isomeria. To be able to write formulas of isomers, identify the kind of isomerism.
Create formulas of isomers for C4H10 and for C4H8.
3. Know chemical properties Alkanov, be able to write the equations of reactions.
4. Know the general formula of alkenes, formulas and names of the substances of the homologous series of alkenes (to octoen)
5. Know the chemical properties of alkenes, be able to write the reaction equations
6. The use of alkanes and alkenes
7. Know the general formula of alkinov and alkadienov (up to C7)
8. Know the chemical properties of alkins, be able to write the equations of reactions.
9. Know the general formula of benzene, its chemical properties, application

It is customary to record through such a formula - BR2, although it is in the solution in the form of a mixture of two acids - Hbro (bromotous acid) and HBr This compound has a yellow-orange color and a rather low freezing temperature. It is a strong oxidizing agent, which is capable of alkaline medium oxidizing the cations of such metals - SG +3, MP +3, Fe +2, CO + 2, Ni +3. Adding BR 2 reduces the hydrogen indicator (pH), because Bromine water contains free acids.

This is chemically active substancewhich can be engaged in interaction with both inorganic and organic substances. Consider some chemical processes with this compound.

The discoloration of the bromine water serves to all for this experiment, a small amount of any alkin or alkine is mixed in a test tube with Br 2. During this reaction, the bromine atoms are attached at the place of breaking of a double or triple bond. The disappearance of yellow-orange painting with this interaction is proof of the disabilities of the hydrocarbon taken.

Chemical reaction "Phenol - bromine water" is used to precipitate from solutions of bromine compounds. If this interaction of the substances is carried out in an anhydrous medium, then the formation of tribromophenol will take a couple of days. Therefore, a small amount of H 2 O is added as a catalyst.

Bromine water in the laboratory is prepared as follows: 250 ml of distilled water is added to 1 ml of bromine, while intensively stirred. The prepared solution is stored in a tightly closed tank made of dark glass. If the BR 2 is cooked on the light or in a light flask, the oxygen is released due to the content of bromatic acid. Work on the preparation of reagent is carried out in the exhaust cabinet. Since the bromine itself is poisonous, and its bromine water contains, then caution must be taken when working with it.

It is necessary to take into account the fact that when Br 2 hit the skin, a strong itch appears on the skin, and ulcers may occur during prolonged exposure. If the substance fell on the skin, it should be rinsed with plenty of water, and then with a large wound surface or deep lesions of the epidermis, the skin is additionally lubricated by the ointment, which includes NaHCO 3.

Bromine water is widely used in chemical analysis and synthesis of organic drugs. So, it is used in the production of bromine-containing drugs. And here it is necessary to be careful, because Long-term consumption can lead to a disease - bromisism. The main symptoms are apathy, lethargy, the appearance of skin rash. For a faster removal of bromine ions from the body, the diet with a high salt content and abundant drinking are observed. More bromine water is used at intermediate stages of the production of anti-epires - substances that protect against ignitions. They impregnate fabrics, wood, building material.

Bromine and bromine water are used in medicine, construction, agriculture and many other spheres of human life.
Bromine water is a liquid of yellow-orange color, but it is discolored during some reactions. Why is this happening? And what substances are able to influence the change of its color?

Bromine water is water solution Bromine. It is capable of oxidizing metals, as well as a number of organic compounds. When reactions with compounds containing multiple communication, it is discolored. This process is qualitative reaction on the impact of organic compounds. The disappearance of the color of the solution is proof of inconsistency.

Examples of bomber water discoloration reactions

With the reaction of bromine water with alkins and alkenes, the resulting solution is discolored. Alcanes are peculiar to an unsaturated double bond, and for alkins - a triple relationship, which defines their properties. During the interaction, double and triple bonds are broken, bromine joins. As a result, bromide compounds are formed. Alkans do not discolor bromine water.

Bromine aqueous solution also loses color when interacting with unsaturated oils, which also have double and triple ties.

With the reaction of iodide potassium and aqueous solution of bromine, the molecules of free iodine are derived, and the solution is discolored.

In order to ensure the above examples, a fairly mixing of these substances in the laboratory conditions. Heating, exposure to light, the participation of catalysts is not required. Such experiments are carried out during school and institutions vocational educationBut it is not worth conducting them at home, as the toxic bromine and has a strong unpleasant odor.

Task number 1

Select two statements fair for acetylene

1) all carbon atoms are able sP 2.-Hybridization

2) has structural isomers

3) is an unsaturated hydrocarbon

4) well soluble in water

5) under normal conditions is gas

Answer: 35.

Task number 2.

Choose two statements fair for alkins

1) are extreme hydrocarbons

2) joining the reaction

3) may exist as cis, trance-isomers

5) discolor bromine water

Answer: 25.

Task number 3.

1) have a general formula C n h 2n

2) carbon atoms in molecules are interconnected by only σ-links

3) react with sodium

4) react with bromine

5) can be obtained from DigoHalennels

Answer: 45.

Task number 4.

Select two statements fair for ethina

1) Easy to soluble in water

2) has interclative isomers

3) is the main component of natural gas

4) can be obtained by hydrolysis of calcium carbide

5) The molecule has a tetrahedral structure

Answer: 14.

Task number 5.

Select two statements fair for propane.

1) react substitution without breaking triple

2) with trimerization forms 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene

3) can be obtained with aluminum carbide hydrolysis

4) is a liquid under normal conditions

5) Do not discolor aqueous solution of potassium permanganate

Answer: 12.

Task number 6.

Choose two statements fair for BUTIN -1

1) reacts substitution with OH

2) Banol-2 forms in the hydration reaction

3) is formed during dehydrogenation of Bhutan

4) reacts with bromine water

5) Isorem isois

Answer: 14.

Task number 7.

Choose two statements are valid for BUTIN-1.

1) does not react with water

2) reacts substitution with CL

3) at hydration forms aldehyde

4) is an isomer of divinyl

5) can only attach 1 mol of hydrogen

Answer: 24.

Task number 8.

Select two statements that are valid for Bouda-1, and for Bouda-2.

1) 1 mole of hydrocarbon during hydration can only attach 1 mol of water

2) are fluids under normal conditions

3) react substitution with ammonia silver oxide solution

4) Among the reaction products with acidified solution KMNO 4 have carboxylic acids

5) can be obtained from 2-chlorobutane in one stage

Answer: 14.

Task number 9.

Select two statements that are valid for Bouda-1 and Bouda-2.

1) during hydration form the same substance

2) molecules have flat structure

3) can be obtained from 1.1-diberombutan and 2,3-diberombutan, respectively

4) react reactions with sodium

5) may exist as cis, trance --Somerers

Answer: 13.

Task number 10.

Select two alkyl approvals for all alkins.

1) discoloration of bromine water

2) react with ammonia silver oxide solution

3) the presence of structural isomers

4) well soluble in water

5) have a general formula of the homologous series C N H 2N-2

Answer: 15.

Task number 11.

Select two alkyl approvals for all alkins.

1) molecules have a flat building

2) All carbon atoms in molecules are associated with π-bonds

3) refer to unsaturated hydrocarbons

4) react dehydration

5) poorly soluble in water

Answer: 35.

Task number 12.

Select two statements that not Fair for alkinov.

1) may exist as cis, trance-isomers

2) burn in air

4) enter the hydrogenation reaction

5) when interacting with an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate form glycols

Answer: 15.

Task number 13.

Select two statements that are valid for ethylene, and for acetylene.

1) refer to the class of alkenes

2) under normal conditions are gases

3) discolor bromine water

5) have a general formula of the homologous series C n h 2 n

Answer: 23.

Task number 14.

Select two statements that are valid for ethane, and for acetylene

1) discolor aqueous solution of potassium permanganate

2) poorly soluble in water

3) form explosive mixtures with air

Task number 15.

Select two statements that are valid for propane and propane.

1) react hydration

2) are capable of oxidation of oxygen

3) have interclative isomers

4) react with bromine

5) All carbon atoms in molecules in are condition sP 3.-Hybridization

Answer: 24.

Task number 24.

From the proposed list, select two substances that are structural isomers of Pentina-2.

1) 3-methylbutin-1

2) Potin-1

3) 3-methylpenten-1

4) hexin-2

5) Penten-1

Answer: 12.

Task №25

From the proposed list, select two substances that are structural isomers of Pentina-1.

1) pentadiene-1,3

2) Hexadiene-1.3

3) Butadiene-1.3

5) 3-methylbutin-1

Answer: 15.

Task number 26.

From the proposed list, select two substances that have carbon atoms in the molecules sp.-Hybridization.

1) Isopren

2) Acetylene

5) Butadiene-1.3

Answer: 24.

Task number 27.

From the proposed list, select two substances that have a carbon atom in a state sp.-Hybridization

1) Divinyl

2) Propylene

5) Butadiene-1,2

Answer: 45.

Task №28.

From the proposed list of compounds, select two substances with which the ethin reaction can enter.

2) potassium hydroxide

3) ammonia silver oxide solution

4) bromine water

5) sodium chloride

Answer: 34.

Task number 29.

From the proposed list of compounds, select two substances with which the propinen reaction can enter.

1) copper oxide (II)

2) Potassium permanganate solution

3) potassium hydroxide

Answer: 25.

Task number 33.

From the proposed list of compounds, select two substances that can enter into the hydro-aliance reaction.

2) Cyclopropan

3) cyclopentane

5) methylpropan

Answer: 24.

Task number 34.

From the proposed list of compounds, select two substances that may enter into the oligomerization reaction.

3) Acetylene

4) Cyclopentane

5) Methylcyclohexane

Answer: 13.

Task number 35

From the proposed list of connections, select two substances that not These can enter into the hydro-aliation reaction.

2) Cyclopropan

3) 1,2-dimethylcyclopentan

Answer: 35.

Task number 40.

2) hydrogen

4) chloride

5) Oxygen

Answer: 15.

Task number 41.

From the proposed list of compounds, select two substances with which they can react both acetylene and ethane.

1) bromine water

3) Oxygen

4) Potassium permanganate solution

5) ammonia silver oxide solution

Answer: 23.

Task number 42.

From the proposed list of compounds, select two substances with which the reaction can be reacted both propin and propacated

1) sodium hydroxide

2) Bromomopod

3) bromine water

5) Cyclopentane

Answer: 23.

Task number 44.

From the proposed list of compounds, select two substances with which the reaction can be reacted both propane and propane

1) bromine water

2) permanganate potassium

3) Oxygen

4) hydrogen

Answer: 35.

Task number 47.

From the proposed list of reactions, select two, which can be used to synthesize acetylene.

2) CH 3 CL + H 2 O

4) CH 2 CH 2 Cl + 2NAOH

5) CH 2 \u003d CH 2 + H 2

Answer: 14.

Task number 48.

From the proposed list of reactions, select two such, with which propinen can be obtained.

1) NAC≡C-CH 3 + CH 3 CL

2) NAC≡C-CH 3 + HCl

3) CH 2 \u003d CH-CH 3 + H 2

4) CH 2 CHCL-CH 3 + 2KOH (alcohol)

5) CH 2 CHCL-CH 3 + 2KOH (water)

Answer: 24.

Task number 49.

1,2-dichloroethane acetylene acetylenyide silver

3) KOH (aqueous solution)

4) Oh.

5) KOH (alcohol solution)

Answer: 54.

Task number 50.

The following scheme of transformations of substances is presented:

1,2-dichloropropan x dimethyl ketone

Determine which of these substances are X and Y substances

2) H 2 C \u003d CH-CH 3

4) NS≡S-CH 3

Answer: 41.

Task number 51.

The following scheme of transformations of substances is presented:

acetylene X Y.

1) 1,2- dichloroethane

4) acetaldehyde

5) 1,1-dichloroethane

Answer: 53.

Task number 52.

The following scheme of transformations of substances is presented:

calcium X y carbide

Determine which of these substances are X and Y substances

5) HC≡C- HC \u003d CH 2

Answer: 34.

Task number 53.

The following scheme of transformations of substances is presented:

acetylenyide sodium acetylene y

Determine which of these substances are substances X and Y.

1) hydrogen

2) 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene

4) Bromomopod

5) Chloromethane

Answer: 43.

Task number 54.

The following scheme of transformations of substances is presented:

NAC≡C-CH 3 x Potassium acetate

Determine which of these substances are X and Y substances

2) KMNO 4 (H 2 SO 4)

3) HC≡C-CH 2 -CH 3

4) H 3 C-C≡C-CH 3

Answer: 45.

Alkina. Setting conformity tasks.

Task number 1

Set the correspondence between the name of the substance and the class / group of organic compounds to which this substance belongs:

BUT	B.	IN	G.

Answer: 2134.

Task number 2.