V. Makrusev, V.A
12.4. Psychology of customs activities
Law enforcement activities of customs authorities and its psychological characteristics. The system of customs authorities occupies an important position in the economic, legal and social policy of the state. Its basis is effective customs control in the interests of ensuring the economic security of Russia, protecting the health and morals of its population. It includes the State Customs Committee of the Russian Federation, regional customs offices, customs posts. Its main functions: participation in the development of state customs policy and its implementation; ensuring compliance with legislation, protecting the rights and interests of citizens, enterprises, institutions and organizations in the implementation of customs affairs; implementation and improvement of customs control and customs clearance, creation of conditions for accelerated trade turnover across the customs border of the Russian Federation; maintaining customs statistics of foreign trade and special customs statistics; implementation of currency control within its competence, etc.
Law enforcement activities of customs authorities is an integral part of their activities. In accordance with the Regulations on the State Customs Committee of the Russian Federation of 1994, its tasks are: protection of the economic interests of Russia; participation in the implementation of measures to protect state security and protect public order, morality of the population, human life and health, as well as measures to protect animals and plants, the natural environment; the fight against smuggling and other crimes in the field of customs control, the fight against violations of customs rules and administrative offenses that impinge on the normal activities of customs authorities; assistance to competent authorities in the fight against international terrorism; control over compliance by customs officials with the law; protection of customs infrastructure and customs border.
The activities of customs officials differ psychological characteristics, which are determined by its external conditions (environment, results and their influence on the psyche), internal ones (goals, methods), as well as the possibilities of management and self-government. It is carried out under constant volitional control, the strength of which is largely determined by the duration of the customs officer’s work, the complexity of relationships with various categories of persons undergoing customs control, and the physiological state of the customs officer (nervous-mental fatigue, stress, illness).
Degree emotional stress(from moderate to extreme) customs activities depends on the nature of the actions performed, professional experience and the individual psychological characteristics of the customs official. It is affected by:
Greater personal responsibility;
The presence of competent authorities monitoring the work and the possibility of identifying the specialist who committed the violation;
The need for constant preparedness for unexpected situations;
Impact of constantly changing objects of observation, external factors;
Quite a high level of conflict situations arising during customs control and clearance;
Constant influence of criminal structures seeking to exert psychological pressure, blackmail, bribery of customs officers, and create opportunities for violating existing legal norms;
A confrontation that arises quite often.
Some people undergoing customs control see the customs officer as the main culprit of the difficulties that arise and try to take out their irritation on him, threatening all sorts of punishments or offering bribes to ease their fate.
The listed features of the activity place high demands on any official of the customs authority, on his moral and ethical qualities.
Professionogram of a customs specialist. The professional profile of a customs specialist reflects the main features of his activities. It is characterized by structure, logic and content that are adequate to this activity.
I. General information about the profession.
1.1. Name, purpose, responsibility.
In the structure of the customs post there is an employee of the group for combating customs offenses and the inspection group.
In the structure of customs: an employee of the department for combating customs offenses, an employee of the inquiry department, an employee of the customs investigation department, an employee of the anti-smuggling department, an employee of the legal department, an employee of the customs protection department.
Purpose:
Ensuring compliance with customs legislation, protecting the interests and rights of the state, individuals and legal entities during customs control and clearance;
Exercising control over the movement of goods and vehicles across the customs border of the Russian Federation;
Physical inspection of goods and vehicles of persons crossing the state border of the Russian Federation;
The fight against smuggling and illegal trafficking of drugs, weapons or ammunition, weapons of mass destruction, cultural property, for which special rules have been established for movement across the customs border of the Russian Federation (Articles 188, 189, 190 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation);
Combating non-return of funds in foreign currency from abroad (Article 193 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation);
Combating evasion of customs duties (Article 194 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation);
Implementation of preventive measures to combat violations of customs rules and offenses committed by participants in foreign economic activity;
Checking the correctness of the provision of customs preferences - transit and tax benefits;
Control functions at business facilities and transport;
Organization and conduct of operational investigative activities;
Organization of customs protection service. Responsibility:
The specialist bears personal responsibility (up to and including criminal liability) in full for the performance of functional duties and violations of current legislation;
Increased moral responsibility, secured by a publicly taken oath.
1.2. Characteristics of the workplace, means and tools:
Premises and areas specially equipped for performing functional duties;
Working with computer equipment, communications equipment, technical means of customs control, special-purpose equipment;
Contact with weapons and special equipment;
Working with specially trained service dogs.
1.3. Required general and special training of specialists:
Higher (secondary specialized) education;
Special customs preparation.
1.4. Professional excellence.
1.4.1. Required knowledge:
Knowledge of regulations on criminal and customs law and business;
Knowledge of the rules and instructions regulating the activities of customs departments (customs posts), as well as organizations, enterprises, legal entities and individuals - participants in foreign economic activity;
Knowledge of the mechanisms and methods of criminal behavior in the field of foreign economic activity of legal entities and individuals;
Knowledge of the specifics of processing documents involved in the customs process;
Knowledge of the design and other features of vehicles and means of delivery of goods crossing the customs border;
Knowledge of the main routes for smuggling drugs, weapons and ammunition and other smuggling items, their characteristics, techniques and methods of hiding from customs control;
Knowledge of the psychological characteristics and behavioral reactions of typical smugglers;
Knowledge of the basics of working with computers, communications, technical means of customs control, standard weapons and special equipment;
Knowledge of customs infrastructure facilities, security and safety features of customs premises, warehouses, etc.;
Knowledge of the legal foundations and principles of operational investigative activities.
1.4.2. Required skills:
Ability to think logically and organize one’s activities under time pressure;
Ability to organize and conduct inquiries in cases within the competence of customs authorities;
Ability to carry out urgent investigative actions: inspection, search, seizure, examination, detention, interrogation of a suspect, interrogation of witnesses and victims, etc.;
The ability to make decisions with awareness of personal responsibility for its consequences;
Ability to work effectively with people, establish psychological contact in the interests of completing the assigned task;
The ability to competently and completely draw up competent conclusions and protocols on the facts of customs violations, to reflect in as much detail as possible the subjective side of the crimes;
Ability to comply with the established procedure for non-disclosure of information related to official activities;
Ability to monitor the safety of technical means of customs control, standard weapons and ammunition, and the technical condition of special equipment;
Ability to withstand negative impacts from participants in foreign economic activity;
Ability to quickly navigate in various environmental conditions;
The ability to apply different approaches to assessing the situation that has arisen, the absence of patterns and stereotypes of thinking.
II. Conditions of operation.
2.1. Sanitary and hygienic conditions:
Microclimate of customs premises (customs post);
An enclosed space with sudden changes in microclimate;
An open room of a technological nature;
Vehicles (types of transport: road, rail, sea, river, aviation);
Outdoors in natural conditions;
Unusual conditions (enterprises with harmful or dangerous production).
2.2. Organization and mode of work:
Unregulated working hours;
Business trips, trips, raids;
Special Operations;
Duty roster;
Security of customs infrastructure facilities.
III. Social and psychological factors of activity.
3.1. Characteristics of structural divisions.
The structural units of the law enforcement block bear the main burden of preventing customs crimes and offenses, protecting the economic interests of the state, and the health and morality of its population.
3.2. The role and place of a specialist in the system of intra-collective connections.
The specialist is directly subordinate to his direct superior and is closely connected through the technological chain of customs control with other specialists in his department and other customs departments involved in customs control and clearance. The high importance of successful performance of functional duties for the specialist himself, for his department and customs as a whole. Possibility of increasing productive work when demonstrating
attentiveness, vigilance, observation, composure, accuracy, strict adherence to job descriptions, a creative approach to performing one’s official duties and a decrease in labor productivity in the absence of these and other qualities.
3.3. Motivational aspects of activity.
The quality of activity is strongly determined by the personal qualities of a customs specialist:
Worldview position, moral and ethical qualities, personal orientation towards socially significant goals, moral and psychological mood, the presence of certain inclinations, interests, hobbies;
A strong position in life, a conscious desire to work in the customs system;
Honesty, integrity, decency, patriotism;
A high sense of duty, professional pride;
Passion for justice, professional ethics;
Tendency to communicate with people;
Interest in self-improvement, working on oneself;
Erudition, broad outlook;
Knowledge of foreign languages;
Resistance to attention and influence from participants in foreign economic activity and outsiders;
Resistance to prolonged monotonous and intense work, continuous maintenance of a high level of attention, composure and determination during the working day.
Possibilities for fairly rapid career advancement (early assignment of a special rank, promotion to a higher position, cash bonus, referral to additional professional training and the use of moral incentive measures directly based on practical results) are of motivational importance.
3.4. Features of socio-psychological and professional adaptation:
Completion of a 12-month (6-month) probationary period;
Mentoring, assistance from an experienced, trained specialist;
The possibility of reducing the probationary period due to the success of activities due to individual characteristics of the individual.
Physical inspection of passengers and cargo crossing the customs border of the Russian Federation;
Combating the smuggling of drugs, weapons, cultural, archaeological and historical values;
Checking customs declarations and other documents for accompanying cargo and luggage;
Combating non-return of funds in foreign currency from abroad;
Control of baggage and hand luggage for detection of items not permitted for movement across the border;
Inspection of vehicles;
Checking the authenticity of the documents presented;
Control over the payment of customs duties;
Verifying the accuracy of the declaration of goods and vehicles;
Control over the delivery of goods and vehicles to the place of delivery and the delivery of documents for them; control over evasion of customs duties;
Making a decision on the release or impossibility of releasing goods and vehicles across the border;
Carrying out operational-search activities in the interests of combating organized criminal structures;
Implementation of security and defense of customs infrastructure facilities;
Conducting an inquiry into the crimes under Art. 188, 189, 190, 193, 194 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation;
Carrying out investigative actions provided for by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (interrogation, inspection, search, interrogation of a suspect, interrogation of a witness, etc.);
Registration of decisions and actions on the case with resolutions and protocols.
The main psychological content of a specialist’s activity: logical-analytical, controlling, cognitive activity associated with a high level of personal responsibility and the need to independently make decisions with a certain lack of time.
4.2. Sources for receiving information about violation of customs rules:
Direct detection of signs of violation of customs rules;
Messages and statements of Russian and foreign persons, as well as messages in the media;
Materials received from other customs authorities of the Russian Federation,
Materials received from other law enforcement, regulatory and other government agencies;
Information received from customs and other law enforcement services and competent authorities of foreign states and international organizations.
4.3. Features of information reception:
Obtaining from various sources (documents in various languages, explanations of participants in foreign economic activity, visual channel, data from technical means of control, etc.);
Receipt of information in a limited time and through several channels simultaneously;
Possible interference from a controlled person;
Sustained voluntary attention with good switchability.
4.4. Features of information processing and decision making:
Short deadlines for processing information and making decisions;
Dependence of labor results on the quality of memory;
High importance of logical thinking, its speed, flexibility, independence, criticality;
The influence of a sense of personal responsibility;
The situation of possible influence of a participant in foreign economic activity (persons accompanying him).
4.5. Structure of performing actions:
The working posture depends on the performance of a specific function and varies from static (work at a table, an X-ray machine, special means) to the predominance of motor acts;
Active work of fingers, hands, upper and lower extremities;
Good coordination of movements;
Speech culture, the ability to listen to your interlocutor, justify your point of view and argue it with evidence, knowledge of professional terminology.
4.6. Errors in the activities of a specialist:
a) sensory-perceptual (errors in reception and initial assessment of information);
b) gnostic (errors in information processing and decision making);
c) motor (disadvantages of psychomotor skills and speech);
d) personal (determined by the characteristics of motivation, character, will, emotional sphere, etc.)
Inadmissibility of gross errors in activities.
4.7. Workload during activity of various psychological functions:
The distribution of effort, as well as time, depends on the number and intensity of the flow of passengers, cargo, the activities of related services (schedules of arrivals and departures of aircraft, movement of trains, ships, etc.);
The predominance of workload of sensory-perceptual, logical and intellectual processes;
Priority of attentiveness and psychomotor skills.
V. Dynamics of the mental state of a specialist in the process of activity.
5.1. The nature and degree of change in the psychophysiological functions and performance of a specialist:
Quite a high dependence of labor productivity on the emotional sphere and psycho-emotional state of the specialist and the supervised person;
Tendency to decrease attentiveness and performance in the second half of the working day (or shift), at night;
Possibility of influence of various external factors (from weather conditions to moral pressure from outside);
Possibility of decreased performance dynamics towards the end of the working week.
5.2. The main ways to overcome unfavorable situations:
Psychoself-regulation skills, autogenic training;
Prevention of monotomy, physical education and sports;
Improving vocational training;
Formation of moral and psychological attitudes towards the unconditional fulfillment of one’s functional responsibilities and official duty.
Psychogram of a customs specialist. The psychogram includes a structured list of psychological qualities that a specialist must have in accordance with the requirements of the professional program.
1. Direction, motivation, inclinations, volitional qualities:
Focus and interest in customs business;
Tendency to work with people and communicate;
Ability to learn, interest in acquiring new knowledge;
Strong will;
Perseverance, determination, courage;
Self-control, self-confidence, emotional and neuropsychic stability.
2. Sensory-perceptual properties:
Stability of analyzer functions and quality of perception (visual, auditory, tactile; shape, size, speed, volume, etc.);
Predominance of the visual channel of perception;
Sustained attention, its wide distribution, rapid switching and large volume;
The ability to identify significant features and notice minor changes in the object under study.
3. Features of higher mental functions:
Sufficient volume, speed and accuracy of memorization and perception;
Efficiency, clarity and critical thinking; the ability to retain a large amount of information in memory for a long time;
Developed memory for a person’s appearance and behavior;
The ability to notice changes in the environment without consciously focusing attention on them;
The ability to simultaneously monitor a large number of variables of the object under study, as well as a large number of objects;
The ability to quickly navigate in a new and unfamiliar environment, assess the degree of importance of incoming information;
The need for imagination development.
4. Psychomotor properties and physical qualities:
Good physical endurance, resistance to physical fatigue;
Good coordination of movements, resistance to tremor;
Resistance of speech motor characteristics to psychophysical stress, tendency to quickly establish communicative contact, express one’s thoughts clearly and clearly;
Ability to abruptly change the type of activity;
Ability to use muscular force of both an explosive and static nature;
Knowledge of self-defense and hand-to-hand combat techniques.
5. Personal and professional characteristics:
Communication;
Willingness to cooperate, responsiveness, adaptability, ease of inclusion in group activities, having one’s own opinion;
Emotional maturity, stability, equanimity;
Tendency to comply with public moral norms;
Sense of responsibility, ability to persuade a group to work on a practical and realistic basis;
Effectiveness in situations that require consistency, persistence and perseverance;
Prudence, caution and vigilance;
Self-control, concern for social reputation.
6. Contraindications to activity:
Neuropsychic and emotional instability;
Severely expressed mental accentuations and deviations;
Alcohol, drug or drug addiction;
Medical contraindications.
It is advisable to take into account the stated psychological characteristics of the activity and personality of a customs specialist when professionally selecting and placing personnel, forecasting the ability to adapt to customs activities and the degree of success of its implementation.
The current system of training customs specialists is not optimal, since it does not fully ensure the high professional level of their activities, which is one of the factors reducing the effectiveness of state customs control in Russia.
It is possible to change the situation through further study of the professional activities of customs service specialists and the creation of a system of psychological support. Such a system should include the development of criteria and indicators of effective professional activity, justification of the content and structure of customs activity, including a description of the distinctive features of various invariants of customs activity, the extreme factors operating in them, the most common functional states that arise in a customs officer, the development of a normative model of the professionalism of some categories of customs officials and the algorithm for its application.
1. Professional activity of a customs officer as a process of highly formalized control
2. Psychological characteristics of the customs team
3. Psychological features of communication between customs officers and controlled persons
4. Stress in the professional activity of a customs officer and the problem of increasing stress resistance
5. Psychological aspects of professional selection of customs officers.
1. The customs collective is a purposefully organized community of professionals for joint activities to protect economic and other (moral and environmental standards, security, etc.) interests of the state and its citizens in the field of external relations, regulated by the Customs Code. Thus, the professional activity of a customs officer, from the point of view of psychological analysis, is a process of highly formalized control.
2.The main feature of the customs collective is the clarity and statutory certainty of its organization. In the customs team, the relationships of subordination (subordination) are clearly and unambiguously expressed. This determines special requirements for the professional and personal qualities of managers of all ranks and for their leadership style. The head of the customs team is limited in delegating responsibility, he bears, ultimately, full responsibility for the results of the activities of his unit.
The second consequence of the considered feature is increased demands on the level of discipline of employees. A customs employee is limited in his independence and arbitrariness in decision-making. At the same time, employees of many divisions of customs authorities, due to the nature of the tasks they perform, are required to constantly make decisions (performing a permissive and prohibitive function). This gives rise to the special task of nurturing responsible activity among employees. One way to solve this problem could be, for example, organizing special forms of expressing personal opinions about the progress of work and existing difficulties (written reports on given positions, etc.).
The second important psychological feature of the customs collective, arising from the task of protecting the interests of the state, is high level of cohesion, developed sense of “we” against violators who infringe on these interests. This feature makes the customs collective similar to the army. But there is also a significant difference. For the army team, cohesion is an immediate condition for survival. For the customs team, cohesion is mediated by personal experience of the significance of the goals and objectives of customs activities. The loss, within the framework of professional self-determination, of a sense of service to the Motherland, an understanding of the social significance of one’s activities not only as skilled labor, but as a mission, leads, of course, not to death, but to the decomposition of the team, to the erosion of the essence of the activity. Cohesion is enhanced by maintaining traditions and rituals that provide a collective sense of professional pride and honor.
Derivatives from the above are such psychological characteristics of customs collectives as increased mutual demands employees, especially superiors to subordinates, and, at the same time, concern for the “honor of the uniform.”
The already mentioned regulation of relations in the team, as well as the function of customs authorities to represent the state in relations with foreign persons and organizations, forms such a feature of customs activities as necessary impersonal, detached, “procedural” or “etiquette” character its implementation. This is especially evident in the communication of customs officers with clients.
3. I.N. Kolobova identifies the following characteristic features of communication between customs specialists and controlled persons: 1
Communication between a customs officer and a controlled person is role-playing given their legal status. Legislative acts on their rights and obligations determine the boundaries of their communication and its content. Public expectations and attitudes regarding the role of a customs officer also play a decisive role. The behavior of a customs officer in the process of role communication is standardized, developed, and then reinforced in various forms, a special stereotype, template or normative pattern of behavior. A “professional mask” is played - a fixed amount of standard behavioral reactions. Regardless of the specific situation of interaction with a supervised person, the employee strives to constantly maintain a mask of goodwill, friendliness, restraint and an even attitude. This is ensured by a certain set of speech, facial and pantomimic signs, the constant reproduction of which in the employee’s behavior creates conditions for optimal conflict-free flow of role communication. “Dropping” the professional mask is tantamount to refusing to perform role functions. The ability to fulfill one’s role as adequately as possible in the appropriate patterns of behavior is the first sign of the level of professionalism and qualifications of an employee.
However, in the process of role-based communication, the client of the customs authority, as well as the employee, cannot help but show their personal interests and individual characteristics. The task of the customs specialist is to create a favorable psychological background for communication. Each specialist develops individual style of role behavior.
The feelings that arise between an employee and a supervised person in the process of their communication can be conjunctive (bringing together, uniting) or disjunctive (separating, alienating). The employee is the organizing and regulating party of communication with the client, therefore one of his important functions is to eliminate the conditions for the emergence of a negative emotional background of communication. It is known that the initiator of disjunctive feelings is often a controlled person. Dissatisfaction, distrust, and hostility sharply expressed by the client sometimes easily infect the employee and provoke him to respond in kind. We should not tell the person we are supervising that we do not care about his problems or that his actions are creating a problem for us. The constructive (and therefore highly professional) position of the employee should be different. The employee must be able to “abort” negative emotions, and then find a way to defuse the client’s negative emotions, redirect the energy of emotions into a positive direction for jointly solving a common problem.
The employee himself can become the initiator of disjunctive feelings, usually due to emotional overload. Let's list some reasons for emotional overload:
Greater personal responsibility for fulfilling duties;
Close attention of special authorities monitoring the work of customs officers;
A variety of constantly changing objects of observation, etc.
Note that the client, as a rule, does not intend to “absorb” the negative emotions of the customs officer; moreover, sometimes he is inclined to stimulate them and use them to his advantage. In this case, the client, as a rule, can count on impunity for his emotional incontinence, and the employee, on the contrary, has no basis for such expectations. Therefore, an employee should develop an attitude toward restraining emotions through conscious self-control. Excessive emotional involvement is professionally harmful. The ability to control oneself and not take off a professional mask is a necessary professional quality of a customs specialist.
4. All of the above allows us to assert that the professional activity of a customs officer is characterized by increased stress. Organizational measures that help reduce the emotional tension of employees:
Psychological relief rooms;
Gyms, exercise equipment;
Comfortably organized food stations, etc.
A healthy atmosphere in the work team plays a great role in preventing psycho-emotional overload of employees. The general business mood and optimism, work achievements, support for employee initiatives create a favorable moral and psychological climate, promote confident and precise work and good mood.
5. The problem of professional selection of customs officers has two interrelated aspects: diagnostics of personal and operational qualities that ensure the effectiveness of professional activities and qualities that prevent professional deformation of the personality of a customs professional.
Let us present the conclusions made by R.A. Safarov on this issue. 2
“The main socio-psychological characteristics that determine the appearance of a customs officer include:
The breadth and versatility of knowledge and ideas, combined with a pronounced desire to develop them, to expand one’s horizons and cultural level (the cultural-cognitive aspect of the socio-psychological appearance),
The ability to correctly comprehend one’s life experience, develop rational behavioral rules based on it, and correct one’s behavior (autopedagogical aspect);
Stability of beliefs, the ability to implement them in professional practice, to act in accordance with them, and not contrary to them in all, including difficult situations (value-behavioral aspect);
Developed volitional qualities, perseverance, determination, ability to mobilize oneself in extreme conditions (volitional aspect);
Developed ability to communicate, the ability to correctly understand others and be correctly understood by them, the ability to receive and correctly evaluate information coming from them (communicative aspect);
A high level of loyalty to management, to employees, to citizens whose interests are affected by his professional activities, the ability to keep himself within normative boundaries (characterological aspect).
R.A. Safarov notes the general and special aspects of the formation of professional deformation of customs officers:
Professionalization of mental processes (ideas, perceptions, emotions, aspirations), mental properties (character, motivational characteristics, temperament) and psychological formations (features of communication and interaction) of such employees, being objectively determined, can go beyond the scope of expediency and cause them to have inadequate reactions to the outside world. The composure of an operational or investigative law enforcement officer, protecting him from excessive emotional information, can, in a number of cases, develop into indifference, emotional “deafness,” skepticism, cynicism, etc. Caution, as a professionally necessary quality, can develop into suspicion, distrust, prejudice, etc. Because of this, resistance to professional deformation should also be considered as one of the most important qualities of a customs officer, forming his socio-psychological portrait.
This quality appears in organic unity with those named above. First of all, its formation is directly dependent on the cultural-cognitive, autopedagogical, value-behavioral, volitional, characterological and communicative characteristics of the employee. Breadth of outlook, cultural level, the nature of life experience, the degree of stability of beliefs, the degree of development of volitional qualities, the level of loyalty - this is what collectively determines the likelihood of the occurrence and development of professional mental deformation.
It is also necessary to pay attention to the fact that the consequences of the occurrence of professional psychological deformation are weakening of self-control and self-correction, undesirable changes in value orientations, and a decrease in the level of professional loyalty of the employee. Further growth of the deformation process can lead to persistent de-actualization (long-term lack of demand) of the socio-psychological qualities under consideration and, ultimately, to their loss.
Professional mental deformation is an exaggerated defensive reaction of an employee to the action of psychogenic (stressful) factors. However, no less likely is the formation of such a defensive reaction in him, which consists, on the contrary, in weakening the level of demands on persons who break the law. This negative phenomenon is always associated with a change in the employee’s work motivation. Because of this, the socio-psychological qualities that professionally characterize a customs officer include his psychological stability and motivational stability.
The motivational stability of customs officers is of particular importance. Law enforcement practice knows of cases involving attempts by criminal organizations to recruit an officer and persuade him to transmit official information. At the same time, in recruiting conversations with an employee, for example, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the influence on him is usually limited to bribery combined with a threat. Similar conversations with customs officers are most often based on a different tactic, which involves, along with the use of traditional measures of influence, an appeal to the “civilian” feelings of the person being recruited. The following arguments are given:
- “many entrepreneurs violate customs legislation not intentionally, but due to the presence of contradictions and uncertainties in federal laws and regulations of the State Customs Committee - therefore they cannot be treated as criminals”;
- “irrational customs rules hinder the development of Russian entrepreneurship. Therefore, it is in the interests of the country to support the most capable businessmen, to provide them with favorable conditions for expanding production, even at the expense of some violation of these rules”
Undoubtedly, this approach can reduce the severity of the motivational conflict for an employee who has embarked on the path of malfeasance, which makes the problem of the motivational stability of a customs officer especially important, one can emphasize - specifically important.
Professional certificate of a customs specialist reflects the main features of its activities. It is characterized by structure, logic and content that are adequate to this activity.
General information about the profession.
In the structure of the customs post there is an employee of the group for combating customs offenses and the inspection group. In the structure of customs: an employee of the department for combating customs offenses, an employee of the inquiry department, an employee of the customs investigation department, an employee of the anti-smuggling department, an employee of the legal department, an employee of the customs protection department. The specialist is directly subordinate to his direct superior and is closely connected through the technological chain of customs control with other specialists in his department and other customs departments involved in customs control and clearance. The high importance of successful performance of functional duties for the specialist himself, for his department and customs as a whole.
Purpose:
ensuring compliance with customs legislation, protecting the interests and rights of the state, individuals and legal entities during customs control and clearance;
exercising control over the movement of goods and vehicles across the customs border of the Russian Federation;
combating smuggling and illegal trafficking of drugs, weapons or ammunition, weapons of mass destruction, and cultural property.
combating evasion of customs duties.
organization and conduct of operational investigative activities;
Characteristics of the workplace, means and tools:
premises and areas specially equipped to perform functional duties;
unregulated working hours;
business trips, trips, raids
special operations;
duty roster
work with computer equipment, communications equipment, technical means of customs control, special-purpose equipment;
contact with weapons and special equipment;
working with specially trained service dogs.
Required general and special training of specialists:
higher (secondary specialized) education;
special customs preparation.
Professional excellence.
knowledge of regulations on criminal and customs law and business;
knowledge of the mechanisms and methods of criminal behavior in the field of foreign economic activity of legal entities and individuals;
knowledge of the peculiarities of processing documents involved in the customs process;
knowledge of the main routes for smuggling drugs, weapons and ammunition.
knowledge of the psychological characteristics and behavioral reactions of typical smugglers;
knowledge of the basics of working with computer technology, communications, technical means of customs control, standard weapons and special equipment;
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