Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov: a brief biography and creativity. Ivan Kozlov

KOZLOV IVAN IVANOVICH

Kozlov Ivan Ivanovich is a talented poet. Born in Moscow on April 11, 1779. His father was the secretary of state of Catherine II, his mother was from the old Khomutov family. At the age of 5, the boy was enrolled as a sergeant in the Life Guards Izmailovsky Regiment and in 1795 he was promoted to ensign. He served in the office of the Moscow commander in chief; in 1812 he worked on the committee for the formation of the Moscow militia, then entered the service in the department of state property. In 1818, his legs were taken away, and his eyesight began to deteriorate; in 1821 he became completely blind. According to the testimony of his friend Zhukovsky, he "endured his plight with amazing patience - and God's Providence, which sent him a difficult test, gave him at the same time great joy: striking him with an illness that separated him forever from the outside world and from all his joys that change us so much, he opened to his darkened gaze the whole inner, diverse and unchanging world of poetry, illuminated by faith, purified by suffering. Knowing French and Italian since childhood, Kozlov now learned English, German and Polish. He had a phenomenal memory, which developed even more strongly during his illness: "he knew by heart," says Zhukovsky, "all Byron, all the poems of Walter Scott, the best places from Shakespeare, just as before - all Racine, Tassa and the main places from Dante" : he knew by heart the whole gospel. His life was divided "between religion and poetry." "Everything that was done in the world aroused his participation - and he often took care of the outside world with some kind of childish curiosity." A consolation for Kozlov was the attention with which he was treated by the luminaries of contemporary poetry, beginning with Pushkin. He appeared in print in 1821 with the poem "To Svetlana"; then followed a whole series of large and small works, which he usually dictated to his daughter. In 1824, his "Blackie" appeared, in 1826 - "Bride of Abydos" Byron, in 1828 - "Princess Natalia Borisovna Dolgorukaya" and a book of "Poems", in 1829 - "Crimean Sonnets" by Mickiewicz and imitation of Burns: "Rural Saturday evening in Scotland", in 1830 - "Mad". Kozlov died on January 30, 1840. His grave is at the Tikhvin cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, next to the grave of Zhukovsky. Kozlov does not stand as close to anyone in literature as to Zhukovsky, but he was not a slavish imitator: what Zhukovsky is the basis of poetry, Kozlov's is only its tone; Zhukovsky is mainly devoted to Schiller and Goethe, Kozlov's soul lies in English poetry. As a translator, Kozlov has taken a prominent place in our literature. Many critics see in him the first manifestation of Russian Byronism. But it is unlikely that his "Blackie", over the pages of which contemporaries and especially contemporaries shed tears, to which even Pushkin listened "in tears of delight", can be called a reflection of Byron's poetry. There is no gloomy and formidable titanism of Byron's heroes here: Kozlov's hero "wept and prayed" all the time, and his crime, which he atones for with sincere repentance, could not have caused punishment from a humane court. In the rest of Kozlov's poems, sentimentalism, which society has not yet been ill, rather reflected. True, Kozlov translated a lot from Byron; but the very nature of the translated passages testifies to the fact that the basis of Byron's poetry was alien to Kozlov, and the translations, moreover, are very far from the original. Kozlov's heart lay with the English idyllics, in the Wordsworth family, in the melancholic elegiacs, in the Moura or Milgua family. In this spirit, he chose poems by other poets: Lamartine, Chenier, Manzoni, Petrarch, etc. Among these translations there are several exemplary ones that are known to everyone from anthologies, for example, Moore's "Evening Bells", Wordsworth's "We Are Seven", "Young Prisoner" Chenier, "Lament of Yaroslavna" from "The Tale of Igor's Campaign". Despite his blindness, Kozlov subtly felt nature, especially those moments when her life is devoid of tension. This mood is conveyed by Kozlov's best poem - "Venetian Night". That he generally understood the beauties of nature is evident from the excellent translation of Mickiewicz's Crimean sonnets. Kozlov's works were published in 1833, 1840, 1855; the most complete collection of Kozlov's works has been published, edited by Ars. I. Vvedensky, in 1892.

Brief biographical encyclopedia. 2012

encyclopedic reference

He graduated from an art school, then in absentia from the Faculty of History. Author of numerous works on the history and artistic culture of the region.

Curriculum vitae

Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov was born on September 1, 1936 in Irkutsk. In cultural circles, he is a famous person. The author of a dozen books on the history of Siberia and Irkutsk, he devoted many articles and studies and research papers to this topic. Member of the Union of Writers of Russia, poet, inventor, encyclopedically educated, versatile, solid person, amazingly interesting interlocutor. A third-generation Irkutsk citizen, in recent years he has been living and working in. He is a frequent guest at various local history and literary events of the Shelekhov central library, a regular author and interlocutor on the pages of the Shelekhovsky Vestnik newspaper. Working in the archives to study the history of his family, he found out many interesting facts: a Siberian in the ninth generation on the line of his mother. And his pedigree comes from a well-known person in the time of the Mongols in Transbaikalia - Plyaskin Vasily Fedorovich. The ancestor was a very wayward, indomitable, eccentric person. From him, the Mongols suffered constant troubles and therefore were forced to steal him. Fortunately, Ivan Ivanovich says, he did not come out as an ancestor. Ivan Ivanovich, a man who realized very early that a person's life is a short moment on the scale of the Universe. For many years he was looking for an answer to the question of the meaning of human existence on Earth. He studied Chinese philosophy, ancient Greek, read countless fiction. All this cognitive diversity served as a versatile activity in the present, including in literary creativity. He has been writing poetry since his youth. Published in "Soviet Youth", where the famous Irkutsk poet Elena Zhilkina was a literary consultant. Participated in the creation of 16 museums of the Irkutsk region, including the museum of Irkutsk. In the last twenty years, he has been in charge of the private scientific research center Ecosphere Baikal. The Center earns funds for its research itself. The main secret of successful creative activity in the expression of this multifaceted person: "If I start to be interested in any topic, then I study it thoroughly." Soon Ivan Ivanovich will acquaint his readers with a new book: "My Museums", which will not leave indifferent to the problem of creating museums and much more.

The material was provided by RMKUK "Shelekhov Intersettlement Central Library"

Compositions

The bells don't stop. - Irkutsk, 1979.
Guide to Irkutsk. - Irkutsk, 1982.
The longest winter - Irkutsk, 1985.

Singer, when the earthly world hid in front of you In the darkness, Instantly your genius woke up ... A.S. Pushkin

Now, few people remember Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov, an undeservedly forgotten, talented Russian poet, a man with an amazing fate.

April 11, 1779, in Moscow, in the family of the state secretary Catherine II, a boy was born, who was named Ivan. The boy's mother was from an old noble family of Khomutovs. At the age of five, like all boys from high-ranking families, he was enrolled in the Izmailovsky Life Guards Regiment and at the age of 16 he was promoted to ensign.

Ivan Kozlov was educated at home. After serving three years, he retires and serves in the office of the Moscow commander in chief. But in connection with the events of 1812, the young man enters the service of the Moscow militia education committee. His health is deteriorating sharply, and besides, his house burns down during the Moscow fire of 1812, and he and his family move to St. Petersburg, where he works in the department of state property.

Namely, at this time Kozlov met Pushkin, Delvig, and Zhukovsky and Batyushkov were already his friends. Vasily Zhukovsky later became a literary mentor for the poet. He also introduced Kozlov to Alexandra Voeikova, a very educated woman, who advised the young poet to take up translations and in the future became his great friend.

Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov was happily married to the daughter of foreman S.A. Davydova. His marriage took place in 1809. Two children appeared in the family, a son and a daughter, but their happiness was short-lived - in 1812 Ivan Ivanovich was paralyzed. At first, he still tries to walk, leaning on a cane, but in 1818 an illness confined him to bed - he lost both legs. But Kozlov's trials did not end there: his eyesight suddenly began to deteriorate, and in 1821 he became completely blind.

But this man did not give up, he found himself in faith in God and poetry. During his illness, he learned German and English (he knew French and Italian from childhood). Kozlov quoted by heart Byron, Dante, Shakespeare, Walter Scott. His memory was exceptional, he knew the entire Gospel by heart.

In 1821, Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov began to publish regularly in St. Petersburg magazines. In 1824, his then-famous "Chernets" went out of print, then the poems flowed like an unstoppable river. His wonderful translation of T. Moore's poem "Evening Bells" sounded over the whole country.

Evening call, evening call! How many thoughts does he bring about About the young days in my native land, Where I loved, where is my father's house, And how I have said goodbye to him for a long time, There I listened to the ringing for the last time!

Old friends visited him, they came not to sympathize with Ivan Ivanovich, they were interested in this wise and surprisingly strong-willed man. Griboedov, Baratynsky, Krylov, Pushkin, Glinka, Zhukovsky and Dargomyzhsky visited his house. All these people helped the poet with everything they could. Pushkin wrote about Kozlov:

With his heavenly singing, He lulled the earthly torments to You, he created a new world, You see in it, and fly, And you live again, and embrace the Broken idol of youth...

Soon the poem "Prayer" that brought fame to the poet appears. Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov was published until the last days of his life, the last edition of his poems was published in 1892. Musical evenings were held in his house, and the regulars of these evenings were Zinaida Volkonskaya, Adam Mitskevich, the Vielgorsky brothers, Lermontov.

All the work of this man was imbued with high spirituality, kindness and speaks of nobility, fortitude. The poet died on January 30, 1840 and was buried at the Tikhvin cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, next to the grave of Zhukovsky.

Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov - Russian poet and translator. His works are not known to all readers, although the plots of the poems are interesting and mysterious, like his biography.

The origin of the poet

Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov was born on April 11, 1779 in Moscow. His family was not only noble, but also ancient. Ivan Ivanovich on the paternal side was the grandson of a senator. By the way, the poet's father, Ivan Ivanovich, served as a state councilor at court. Mother, Anna Apollonovna, in her maiden name was Khomutova and was the aunt of the famous Cossack ataman.

Despite the fact that Ivan Kozlov was raised by his mother, and he received home science education, the poet was a versatile personality, and all his contemporaries noted his excellent education.

Military service

The future poet Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov, as soon as he was five years old, was enrolled in military service. In October 1784, he had the rank of sergeant of the famous Izmailovsky regiment, where only wealthy nobles were enrolled. And already in February 1795, when the young poet was in his sixteenth year, he was transferred to a new rank - ensign.

Then there was a service in the Life Guards, which lasted three years. After that, the poet Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov deservedly retired.

civil service

In 1798, the poet Kozlov Ivan Ivanovich entered the post of provincial secretary. But after a few months, having proved himself worthy, he was transferred to collegiate assessors and even enrolled in the office of Pyotr Lopukhin for special successes. A year later, a service in the heraldry followed.

Eight years later, a new appointment came: Ivan Kozlov was transferred to the office of the commander-in-chief Tutolmin, who was in the capital. And soon, in a new place, showing zeal and unusual education, the poet was able to receive the rank of court adviser.

The war of 1812 brought many changes to Ivan Ivanovich's life. So, for several months he has been working on a committee whose goal is to assemble and create a powerful Moscow military force, as well as prepare it for hostilities with Napoleon.

But three days before Napoleon was to enter the capital, Ivan Kozlov and his other fellow officials were fired. Realizing that it is necessary to save his family, he leaves Moscow and goes to his mother's relatives in Rybinsk. But even after the end of the war with the French, he does not return to Moscow.

Now he chooses St. Petersburg as the place of residence for himself and his family. Soon Ivan Ivanovich receives an appointment for the service. At the end of July 1813, the talented poet Ivan Kozlov began to serve in the State Department of Property, where he was appointed assistant to the mayor. And already in October 1814 he received a new rank - a collegiate official. But an unexpected illness deprived him of the opportunity to further build his public career.

Literary activity

Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov, whose poems are expressive and beautiful, suddenly falls ill in 1818. Paralysis deprives him of the ability to move, and the poet ceases public service. But he does not want to give up and decides to devote himself to literary work. But by the end of 1819, he gradually began to go blind and completely lost his sight in 1821.

Ivan Ivanovich begins to diligently engage in translations. He knew many languages, including French, German, Italian, English and others. He translates the best literary works into these languages. He starts with works and the first work that appeared in print was Zhukovsky's poem "Svetlana". And soon his own poems appeared: “To Svetlana”, “Chernets”, “To the Poet Zhukovsky”.

The poet was personally acquainted with Vasily Zhukovsky, Alexander Pushkin, Ivan Turgenev and other prominent educated people of that time.

Ivan Kozlov's poems are popular, and fame finally comes to the sick poet. Contemporaries recalled that Ivan Ivanovich, despite the fact that he was in a wheelchair, always behaved courageously and openly. All his entourage noted: the poet dressed, despite the fact that he was blind and practically motionless, always elegant and fashionable.

But contemporaries especially noted conversations with him, because he always spoke in such a way that he wanted to listen without interrupting, holding his breath and admiring every word. In addition, he read the poems of European poets beautifully and expressively. And no one could guess, looking at this man inspired by poetry, that at night he was tormented by severe and constant pain.

Personal life

Married Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov, whose biography is interesting and eventful, in 1809. His wife was Sofya Andreevna Davydova, who was the daughter of a foreman. In this marriage, the talented poet has two children: a son and a daughter. Nothing is known about the fate of Ivan and Alexandra.

The famous poet of the nineteenth century, Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov, died on January 30, 1840.

Biography

Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov was born in Moscow on April 11, 1779. He came from a noble noble family of the Kozlovs. The son of the famous Ekaterininsky Secretary of State Ivan Ivanovich Kozlova and grandson of Ivan Ivanovich Kozlova, captain, commander of the construction of ships in Kazan and a member of the Military Board.

His mother, Anna Appolonovna, nee Khomutova, the aunt of the famous ataman Khomutov, raising her son at home, managed to give him an excellent, versatile education.

At the age of six, from October 1784, he was enlisted as a sergeant in the Izmailovsky regiment, and in the sixteenth year, on February 19, 1795, he was promoted to ensign. He served for three years in the Life Guards of the Izmailovsky Regiment, and then retired and entered the civil service in 1798 with the renaming of provincial secretaries. On October 24, 1798, being transferred to college assessors, he was enlisted in the office of the prosecutor general.

From 1799 he served in the heraldry. In 1807 he was in the office of the Moscow commander-in-chief Tutolmin, where on November 13 he received the rank of court adviser. In 1809 Kozlov I.I. married the daughter of foreman S.A. Davydova, from whom he had a son, Ivan, and a daughter, Alexandra.

From June 20 to August 30, 1812, he worked on the committee for the formation of the Moscow military force. Being dismissed from the service along with other officials three days before Napoleon's entry into Moscow, Ivan Ivanovich went with his family to Rybinsk to the Khomutovs, his mother's relatives.

After the expulsion of the French from Russia, Kozlov did not return to devastated Moscow, but moved to St. Petersburg. July 24, 1813 Ivan Ivanovich received the position of assistant clerk in the Department of State Property.

Around 1818, paralysis deprived him of his legs. In 1819 Kozlov began to lose his sight, and by 1821 he was completely blind. Then he took up poetry and translations from Italian, French, German and English.

In 1821, his poem "To Svetlana" appeared in print, followed by a message "To the Poet Zhukovsky", "Byron", etc.

The poem "Chernets", published in 1824, put the name Kozlova along with the best poets of that time. Despite his blindness and immobility, Kozlov carried himself with rare courage: sitting in a wheelchair, he was always exquisitely dressed, spoke excitingly vividly, and recited all European poetry by heart. No one guessed that at night he was tormented by severe pain.

Died January 30, 1840. He was buried at the Tikhvin cemetery in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra not far from the grave of Karamzin, where his friend and patron V. A. Zhukovsky was subsequently buried near him.

poems

- Chernets

Poems

- Prayer
- Reapers
- Yearning
- Two shuttles
- my prayer
- Not in reality and not in a dream
- To Zhukovsky
- Above the dark bay, along the sonorous swells
- Evening call, evening Bell
- Insomnia
- On departure
- At the burial of the English general Sir John Moore
- The dream of the bride