Presentation on the topic: The Board of Fedor Alekseevich and Sofia Alekseevna

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1. Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich January 29, 1676 - Alexei Mikhailovich dies Fyodor III Alekseevich - Russian Tsar (1676-1682) - the son of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and Tsarina Maria Ilyinichna, nee Miloslavskaya Fyodor Alekseevich, declared heir to the throne after the death of his elder brother Alexei, was very weak and sickly, like all the sons of Alexei Mikhailovich from Maria Miloslavskaya, from childhood he suffered from paralysis and “scorbut” (scurvy). He ascended the royal throne at the age of fourteen. His teacher was the Belarusian monk Simeon of Polotsk, who instilled in him a penchant for everything Polish. He spoke fluent Polish and Latin. Fyodor Alekseevich was interested in European politics

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1. Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich At meetings of the Boyar Duma, reviews of the Western press compiled in the Ambassadorial Prikaz (chimes) were read to him and the boyars. He was interested in music and singing. For the wedding of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich on Grushetskaya, Agafya Semyonovna Simeon of Polotsk and the new courtier and disciple of Simeon, monk Sylvester Medvedev, composed broadcast odes to this “great and joyful celebration for the entire Russian land.” At the beginning of the reign of Fyodor Alekseevich, the actual rulers of the state were Patriarch Joachim and Ivan Miloslavsky The short reign of Fyodor Alekseevich was marked by some important actions and reforms

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1. Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich In 1678, a general census of the population was carried out, in 1679, direct household taxes were introduced, which increased tax oppression. Under household taxation, direct taxes were levied on peasant and townsman households, numerous in-kind duties were transferred into monetary form and consolidated into a single collection In military affairs in 1682, the paralyzing local leadership in the army was abolished, and in connection with this, discharge books were burned. This put an end to the dangerous custom of boyars and nobles to consider the merits of their ancestors when taking up a position. To preserve the memory of ancestors, genealogical books were introduced

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1. Tsar Feodor Alekseevich 1676-1681 under Fyodor Alekseevich there was a Russian-Turkish war (of the Ottoman state and the Crimean Khanate allied with it with the Russian state for Ukrainian lands). Under the influence of the tsar’s first wife, the Polish noblewoman Agafya Grushetskaya, court life changed significantly: at the Moscow court for the first time they began to shave beards and wear “ German dress" Being a widely educated person, Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich became one of the founders of the Typographic School in March 1681. Queen Agafya died in the summer of 1681 while giving birth to Fyodor’s only child, Tsarevich Ilya, who soon died

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1. Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich Shortly before his death, the Tsar entered into a second marriage with Marfa Matveevna Apraksina. Under Fyodor, a project was being prepared to introduce ranks in Russia - the prototype of Peter the Great’s Table of Ranks, which was supposed to separate civil and military authorities. Understanding the need to disseminate knowledge, Fyodor invited foreigners to teach in Moscow, was one of the initiators of the creation of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, although the academy itself was established in 1687. Fyodor Alekseevich died on April 27, 1682 at the age of 20, without making orders regarding the succession to the throne. Buried in the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin

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2. Uprising of 1682. In Moscow, after Fyodor Alekseevich, two of his brothers remained - the eldest Ivan, the son of Tsar Alexei from his first wife Miloslavskaya, and Peter, the son from his second wife Naryshkina. The eldest Ivan, and he was 16 years old, suffered from dementia and illness, the second - Peter, a healthy and cheerful 10-year-old boy, amazed everyone with his liveliness, curiosity and restlessness

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2. Uprising of 1682 In Moscow, As always in such cases, the struggle of boyar groups for power began. At the same time, the Streltsy and soldiers stationed in Moscow spoke out against the authorities and military commanders. The growing discontent of the Streltsy (as well as soldiers, gunners and other small service people) was caused by violence, extortion, bribes of the leaders of the Razryadny, Streletsky and other orders, Streltsy and soldier colonels. Streltsy already in the winter and spring of 1682 they complained more than once about the colonels, but to no avail. Now, in connection with the change of power, the struggle of court factions, the matter took a different turn. At the suggestion of Patriarch Joachim, supported by part of the boyars, 10-year-old Peter was proclaimed Tsar, and his mother Natalya Kirillovna, as regent, automatically led the Naryshkin party that came to power

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2. Uprising of 1682. In Moscow, the Naryshkins, the queen’s self-confident and mediocre brothers, began to grab ranks and positions. Enraged by the authorities’ refusals and the deterioration of their position, the archers gathered for secret gatherings and open meetings, discussing their demands. On April 30, they presented an ultimatum to the government: to hand over 16 military commanders for reprisals. The Queen Regent and her assistants, confused and powerless, gave in - these commanders were removed from their posts, beaten with a whip. The Sagittarius and soldiers, according to a pre-planned plan, came to the Kremlin and began reprisals. On May 15-17, the boyars Matveev, father and son Dolgoruky, several Naryshkins, Streltsy chiefs, clerks died from their berdyshes and spears. The rebels took control of the situation in the capital and dictated their will to the government

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2. Uprising of 1682 In Moscow The end of spring, summer and early autumn of 1682 passed under the sign of the omnipotence of the Streltsy and their supporters. The Streltsy received salaries and gifts that had been delayed for many years; They collected from their former colonels, sometimes with the help of batogs, the money withheld from the archers and soldiers and returned them to the offended. With all their strength in the first weeks and months of the movement, the rebels turned out to be very weak politically - they did not lay claim to direct power, since they simply did not know how to rule The Khovansky princes, father and son, popular among the Streltsy, headed the Streletsky Prikaz and some other institutions and found themselves, as it were, at the head of the rebels. In literature, the uprising in Moscow is therefore called “Khovanshchina”. This is the name of Mussorgsky's brilliant opera

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2. Uprising of 1682 in Moscow In fact, the Khovanskys, of course, are by no means the leaders of the uprising. Simply, a whirlpool of events, stormy and dramatic, captured these hunters for power, money, privileges, and by the will of fate they found themselves in the same boat with people alien to them, they tried to rely on them in the struggle for power. They failed: the regent Sophia and the boyar prince won V.V. Golitsyn, who, on her instructions, became the head of government. This group also included the intelligent and energetic businessman F.L. Shaklovity, the head of the Discharge Order, and other persons. The new rulers, using the authority of the tsarist power that was in their hands, dealt with the Khovanskys, eventually took control of the situation and forced the Streltsy to capitulate in the fall of 1682

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3. Sophia the Regent Real power in Moscow was in the hands of Sofia Alekseevna, the daughter of Tsar Alexei from his first marriage. Her reign lasted seven years (1682-1689). All these years, Peter and Ivan remained nominally tsars, taking part in ceremonies - receptions of ambassadors, church processions and others. But Peter and his mother did not play any role in political affairs. The regent, who was not even 25 years old, was distinguished by her intelligence, energy, and ambition. The princess supported the spread of knowledge and education in Russia. Under her, the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy was opened (1687). Masters of cloth, silk, satin and other industries, and military specialists were invited from abroad

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3. Sophia the Regent In the interests of the nobility who supported her in 1682, the government organizes land surveying; tries to implement the principle of length of service, and not noble breed, in official appointments. At the same time, the search for runaway peasants was somewhat weakened

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4. Prince Vasily Golitsyn An extraordinary personality was the de facto head of the government of Sofia, the chancellor - Prince Vasily Vasilyevich Golitsyn. Prince Vasily Golitsyn was widely educated for his time, a bookish man - well-read in theology, history, philosophy, astronomy, medicine. He read and spoke fluent Greek and in Latin, German and Polish. His house, located in Okhotny Ryad, was arranged in a European manner. The Prince collected a large library on various branches of knowledge, was a supporter of contacts with Europe, its culture, and transformations in his Fatherland

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4. Prince Vasily GolitsynUnder Tsar Fyodor Golitsyn took part in the Chigirin campaigns and resolved the conflict among the Ukrainian elders. He is one of the main figures in the reforms of that time (the abolition of localism, an increase in the number of regiments of the new system, etc.) The prince played a significant role in the struggle of the authorities against the Moscow rebels in 1682 - in the fall he led the noble army gathered against them near Trinity-Sergius monastery During the regency of Sophia, he led the Ambassadorial and other orders; all the most important measures in foreign policy and military affairs are associated with his name. The pinnacle of his diplomatic art was the conclusion of the “Eternal Peace” with Poland (1686). He also led the Crimean campaigns (1687, 1689). Foreigners pay tribute to his outstanding abilities, knowledge, excellent manners “The guardian of the Royal Great Seal and state great embassy affairs, a close boyar and the governor of Novgorod”

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5. “Fun” of Peter In such an environment, the boy king Peter grows up. During these years, he gave his main attention to military games and “fun.” He attracted a whole crowd of his peers and older “shy kids” to them - his late father left a considerable staff in the stable department, in falconry, for which his parent had a great love. So the group gathered a rather motley crowd - two battalions of about 300 people each. The Peshnye had their own court, administration, and treasury. On the Yauza River, in the vicinity of Preobrazhensky, they built Presburg - a “amusing fortification”, which was besieged according to all the rules of martial arts. In addition to the nobles, he collected former serfs into his “amusing” battalions

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5. “Fun” of Peter Near Moscow, not far from the village of Preobrazhenskoye (the place of residence of Peter and his mother), there was a German settlement (Kokuy) - a concentration of foreigners, craftsmen of all kinds, military specialists. They appeared in the Russian capital a long time ago. Peter, often causing surprise and condemnation among the zealots of Moscow antiquity and piety, became close to foreigners, Lutherans and Catholics. With the help of new teachers from foreigners, Peter learned the basics of arithmetic and geometry, artillery and fortification. I learned the rules of driving ships, building fortresses, could calculate the flight of a cannonball, and handle an astrolabe.

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6. Foreign policy of Sophia During Sophia’s reign, things in Moscow went as usual: orders were worked, ambassadors were received, current affairs were decided. Under the terms of the “Eternal Peace”, the Left Bank and Kiev forever went to Russia. For this, Russia joined the anti-Turkish league - a union of states (Austria, Rech Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Venice, Russia), directed against the Ottoman Porte (Turkey) and the Crimean Khanate. Such a radical turn in foreign policy corresponded to the national interests of Russia. The union consolidated important achievements for it and made it possible to concentrate efforts on the fight against eternal enemies, whose invasions devastated the southern Russian lands from century to century. In 1687, in fulfillment of its obligations, Russia undertakes for the first time since the 16th century. campaign against Crimea

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6. Foreign policy of Sophia Two years later, in 1689, Golitsyn repeats the campaign, reaches Perekop, that is, all the way to the Crimea. Several times the Russians defeat Crimean troops in the steppes and lower reaches of the Dnieper. However, the second campaign did not bring significant results; again - a mass of dead, returning back without visible success

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7. The Fall of Sophia The explosion in Peter’s relationship with Sophia had been brewing for a long time. The growing tsar, busy with “amusing games” and studies, followed the actions of his elder sister-ruler with obvious displeasure and poorly concealed irritation. In January 1689, the queen-mother married her son in order, as she hoped, to settle him down. She found him a beautiful bride, the young maiden Evdokia Lopukhina. According to the concepts of that time, a tsar, having married, became a fully grown, mature man, a ruler; the regent was no longer needed. Sofya Alekseevna seemed to be plotting a palace coup. The new head of the Streletsky Prikaz F.L. Shaklovity is trying to rely on the Streltsy to remove Peter from power and elevate Sophia to the throne

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7. The Fall of SophiaBut the Streltsy leaders were not inclined to conspire, some of the ordinary Streltsy, on the contrary, were ready for decisive measures. On the night of August 7-8, 1689, there was a commotion in the Kremlin, and an anonymous letter appeared from somewhere: Peter’s “amusing” go to Moscow to beat Sophia, Tsar Ivan and others. Two archers, secret supporters of Peter, galloped from Moscow to Preobrazhenskoye at night. They considered that the archers in Moscow had gathered not for protection, but for a campaign against Peter. They informed the tsar about this. Raised from bed, having difficulty understanding from his sleep what was happening, the extremely frightened Tsar in his underwear ran to the nearest forest. Soon his close people brought him clothes and a saddle, brought his horse, and Peter rushed all night to the Trinity Monastery

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7. The Fall of Sophia In the morning he galloped to the monastery, fell on the bed and, in tears, told the archimandrite about the terrible danger hanging over him, asked to shelter him, to protect him. The alarm in connection with the expected march of the archers to Preobrazhenskoye was false... But it led to an explosion The news of Peter's flight to Trinity was unexpected for Sophia and alarmed her. Meanwhile, Peter developed frantic activity. He sent an order to Moscow for the soldiers and rifle commanders to immediately come to him with their regiments. They reached out to Trinity, and all attempts by Sophia and Shaklovity to stop them were unsuccessful. Sophia sent the patriarch to her brother for persuasion, but Joachim, having arrived at Trinity, remained there. Many boyars and nobles did the same. The Sagittarius did not support Sophia.

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7. The fall of SophiaPeter, who became the master of the situation (almost all the regiments came to him, and the majority of the serving members of the noble class were on his side), dictates his will - first of all, to hand over Shaklovity and his accomplices; Sophia, in hopeless despair, agrees with her brother's demand. On September 7, Shaklovity and his supporters from among the archers are brought to the Trinity Monastery and, after interrogation and torture, five days later, they are executed. Soon Peter arrived in Moscow. Sophia was removed from the court at the end of September, and under the name of sister Susanna she settled in a cell at the Novodevichy Convent. V.V. Golitsyn was exiled to Siberia. The independent reign of Peter I began

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The presentation on the topic “Sofya Alekseevna Romanova” (8th grade) can be downloaded absolutely free on our website. Subject of the project: History. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 7 slide(s).

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SOFIA ALEKSEEVNA ROMANOVA

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*Ruler of Russia from May 29, 1682 to September 7, 1689 with the title “Great Empress, Blessed Tsarina and Grand Duchess.” *The eldest daughter of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich from his first marriage to Tsarina Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya. * She received a good education at home, knew Latin perfectly, spoke Polish fluently, wrote poetry, read a lot, and had beautiful handwriting.

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Regency of Princess Sophia 1682-1689

Regency (from the Latin regens, “ruling”) is the temporary exercise of the powers of the head of state collegiately (regency council) or individually (regent) in the event of a minor, illness, or absence of the monarch.

The elder brother of Tsarina Sophia Alekseevna was Fyodor 3 Alekseevich. After his death in 1682, they wanted to place Peter 1 on the throne, but dissatisfied supporters of the Miloslavskys (streltsy) staged an uprising in Moscow and insisted that the rightful heir, Ivan 5, take the throne. Taking advantage of the uprising of the streltsy on May 15–17, 1682, rebelled against burdensome taxes, Sofya Alekseevna was able to achieve the proclamation of 2 brothers as heirs to the throne - Ivan V and Peter (May 26, 1682). Due to the minority of both kings, the regency was transferred to Princess Sofya Alekseevna. Thus began the period of her reign. In the first years of her reign, Sofya Alekseevna managed to acquire a favorite at court, Vasily Golitsyn. With his help, Sophia contributed to the improvement of government affairs.

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Vasily Golitsyn

Golitsyn Vasily Vasilyevich (1643 - April 21 (May 2) 1714, Pinega volost, Arkhangelsk region) - Russian statesman, prince, boyar (1676), favorite of the ruler Sofia Alekseevna, one of the most famous representatives of the family of princes Golitsyn, for which he received the nickname Basil the Great. After Princess Sophia came to power, Prince V.V. Golitsyn, being her close boyar and favorite, concentrated the management of state affairs in his hands. He received the title of courtyard governor (1682), became the head of the Pushkarsky (1682-1686), Inozemsky, Reitarsky, Ambassadorial, Little Russian, Smolensky, Novgorod orders (1682-1689). In 1683, he was awarded the title of “sovereign great ambassadorial affairs guardian.”

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Foreign and domestic policy of Sofia Alekseevna

In 1682, the uprising of the archers (“Khovarshchina”), led by governor I.A., was brutally suppressed. Khovansky; All the “old lovers” were arrested and executed; In 1685, Sophia adopted the “12 Articles” law, on the basis of which she actively fought against the “schismatics”; In 1686, with the help of V.V. Golitsyn, Russia concludes an agreement with Poland on “eternal peace” - Russia’s entry into the European military alliance (“Holy League”) created in 1684 contributed to the acceleration of the signing of the agreement; In 1687 and 1689 led by V. Golitsyn, campaigns were made against the Crimea, but both turned out to be unsuccessful; In 1689, the first Russian-Chinese Treaty of Nerchinsk was signed. This event became an important result of foreign policy and contributed to the expansion of Russian territories on the banks of the Amur.

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*In 1689, Peter 1 got married, now he could rule himself and did not need a reginte. Ivan was also already married by that time, but he could not rule (due to health reasons). Despite the current situation, Sophia continued to fight for power. * Civil strife was brewing between the Tsar and Sofia Alekseevna. The refusal to carry out reforms in favor of the landowners significantly weakened Sofia Alekseevna’s position. Over time, all supporters of her rule went over to the side of the king and Sophia was exiled to a monastery. *In 1698, another Streltsy uprising took place, during which the Streltsy planned to call her to the throne. The revolt was suppressed, and Sophia was tonsured as a nun with the new name Susanna. In July 1704, Sofya Alekseevna died. She was buried in the Smolny Cathedral.

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*Ruler of Russia from May 29, 1682 to September 7, 1689 with the title “Great Empress, Blessed Tsarina and Grand Duchess.” *The eldest daughter of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich from his first marriage to Tsarina Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya. * She received a good education at home, knew Latin perfectly, spoke Polish fluently, wrote poetry, read a lot, and had beautiful handwriting.

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Regency (from the Latin regens, “ruling”) is the temporary exercise of the powers of the head of state collegiately (regency council) or individually (regent) in the event of a minor, illness, or absence of the monarch. The elder brother of Tsarina Sophia Alekseevna was Fyodor 3 Alekseevich. After his death in 1682, they wanted to put Peter 1 on the throne, but dissatisfied supporters of the Miloslavskys (streltsy) staged an uprising in Moscow and insisted that the rightful heir, Ivan 5, take the throne. Taking advantage of the uprising of the streltsy on May 15–17, 1682, rebelled against burdensome taxes, Sofya Alekseevna was able to achieve the proclamation of 2 brothers as heirs to the throne - Ivan V and Peter (May 26, 1682). Due to the minority of both kings, the regency was transferred to Princess Sofya Alekseevna. Thus began the period of her reign. In the first years of her reign, Sofya Alekseevna managed to acquire a favorite at court, Vasily Golitsyn. With his help, Sophia contributed to the improvement of government affairs.

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Vasily Golitsyn

Golitsyn Vasily Vasilyevich (1643 - April 21 (May 2) 1714, Pinega volost, Arkhangelsk region) - Russian statesman, prince, boyar (1676), favorite of the ruler Sofia Alekseevna, one of the most famous representatives of the family of princes Golitsyn, for which he received the nickname Basil the Great. After Princess Sophia came to power, Prince V.V. Golitsyn, being her close boyar and favorite, concentrated the management of state affairs in his hands. He received the title of courtyard governor (1682), became the head of the Pushkarsky (1682-1686), Inozemsky, Reitarsky, Ambassadorial, Little Russian, Smolensky, Novgorod orders (1682-1689). In 1683, he was awarded the title of “sovereign great ambassadorial affairs guardian.”

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Regency of Princess Sophia1682-1689

A dual power arose, which was reflected even in the royal throne of that time - it was divided into two parts (for two kings), and behind there was a seat for the ruler with a curtain, from behind which she told the brothers what exactly should be said during receptions.

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Foreign and domestic policy of Sofia Alekseevna

In 1682, the uprising of the archers (“Khovarshchina”), led by governor I.A., was brutally suppressed. Khovansky; All the “old lovers” were arrested and executed; In 1685, Sophia adopted the “12 Articles” law, on the basis of which she actively fought against the “schismatics”; In 1686, with the help of V.V. Golitsyn, Russia concludes an agreement with Poland on “eternal peace” - Russia’s entry into the European military alliance (“Holy League”) created in 1684 contributed to the acceleration of the signing of the agreement; In 1687 and 1689 led by V. Golitsyn, campaigns were made against the Crimea, but both turned out to be unsuccessful; In 1689, the first Russian-Chinese Treaty of Nerchinsk was signed. This event became an important result of foreign policy and contributed to the expansion of Russian territories on the banks of the Amur.

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*In 1689, Peter 1 got married, now he could rule himself and did not need a reginte. Ivan was also already married by that time, but he could not rule (due to health reasons). Despite the current situation, Sophia continued to fight for power. * Civil strife was brewing between the Tsar and Sofia Alekseevna. The refusal to carry out reforms in favor of the landowners significantly weakened Sofia Alekseevna’s position. Over time, all supporters of her rule went over to the side of the king and Sophia was exiled to a monastery. *In 1698, another Streltsy uprising took place, during which the Streltsy planned to call her to the throne. The revolt was suppressed, and Sophia was tonsured as a nun with the new name Susanna. In July 1704, Sofya Alekseevna died. She was buried in the Smolny Cathedral.

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Consolidation of the material covered Indicate when the events occurred: 1. “Copper riot”; 2. conclusion of “eternal peace” with Poland; 3. the beginning of church reform; 4. Russia’s war with Poland for the return of Smolensk; 5. signing of the Nerchinsk Treaty between Russia and China; 6. S. Dezhnev’s sea voyage, when he opened the strait separating Eurasia from America; 7. V. Poyarkov’s expedition to the Amur; 8. Pereyaslavskaya Rada; 9. “Salt Riot”; 10. adoption of the “Conciliar Code”. a) 1648 b) 1653 c) 1654 d) 1686 e) 1649 f) 1689 g) h) years i) 1662 j) 1650 answer

1. Patriarch, initiator of church reform; 2. Hetman, who led the liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people against Poland; 3. the Polish king, who in 1683 defeated the Turkish army near Vienna; 4. Cossack, after whom the cape on the eastern tip of Asia is named; 5. the leader of a detachment of Cossacks, who in 1666 left the Don towards Moscow with the intention of entering the tsarist service; 6. archpriest, opponent of church reform; 7. author of the “New Trade Charter”; 8. the king, who became the founder of the Romanov dynasty; 9. kings, under whom the Council Code was adopted; 10. noblewoman who supported the split. a) Bogdan Khmelnitsky b) Mikhail Fedorovich c) Semyon Dezhnev d) F. P. Morozova e) Nikon c) Alexey Mikhailovich g) Avvakum h) Vasily Us i) Jan Sobieski j) Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin Enter name: answer

After the death of Alexei Mikhailovich, 14-year-old Fedor was elevated to the Russian throne. The leading place at court was taken by the Miloslavskys (relatives of Alexei Mikhailovich’s first wife),

Fyodor Alekseevich Romanov was born in 1661. It so happened that all the sons of the previous tsar and Feodor’s father were in poor health. Many died in childhood. Fedor was also not in good health; he suffered from scurvy since childhood. However, Fedor was a very capable student. Received an excellent education. Knew Polish, Latin and ancient Greek languages. I learned to read music and even came up with a couple of chants.

Internal policy In 1676, a general census was carried out, a new taxation was introduced on the population of the city - taxes began to be taken not from the land, but from each courtyard of the city. Localism was abolished, access to the government of the country was opened to people from the nobility and officials. Localism

In the field of military administration and military structure, some reforms were prepared and carried out by a special commission headed by Prince V.V. Golitsyn. Related orders were united under the leadership of one chief, which contributed to the centralization of management.

Foreign policy Russian-Turkish war. Reasons: Turkey’s attempt to establish itself in Right Bank Ukraine Actions: the Turks and Krymchaks tried twice unsuccessfully to take possession of Chigirin.

Results: The Bakhchisarai Peace a) recognized the reunification of Left Bank Ukraine and Russia; b) the Dnieper became the border river between Russia and Crimea; c) the lands between the Dniester and Bug were considered neutral; d) recognized the Zaporozhye Cossacks as subjects of the Russian Tsar and pledged not to help the enemies of Russia for 20 years.

Sofya Alekseevna () - princess, ruler of the Russian state in the years. Daughter of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich from his marriage to M.I. Miloslavskaya. After the death of her brother, Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich, she became regent under the young brothers Tsars Ivan V and Peter I. In fact, she headed the government, relying on V.V. Golitsyna, F.L. Shaklovity and others. In 1689, as a result of the intensification of the struggle between noble groups, she was removed from the court by Peter I and imprisoned in the Novodevichy Convent. After the Streltsy uprising of 1698, she was tonsured a nun under the name of Susanna. regents

Regency - in monarchical states - temporary collegial (regency council) or individual (regent) exercise of the powers of the head of state in the event of a vacancy of the throne, childhood, prolonged illness, incapacity or long absence of the monarch back

Domestic policy of 1682 – Streletsky revolt, “Khovanshchina” of 1683 – a decree was issued prohibiting, on pain of death, praising the events of 1682 – land surveying in the interests of the nobility, an attempt to implement the principle of length of service, and not the nobility of the family, in official appointments 1687 – opening of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy

Streltsy mutiny in Streltsy drags Ivan Naryshkin out of the palace. While Peter I consoles his mother, Princess Sophia watches with satisfaction. Painting by A. I. Korzukhin, 1882

On the night of 1689, Peter was awakened in Preobrazhenskoye by one of his supporters with the message that the rifle regiments were raised on a tripod and were ready to seize him. Peter rode off to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. Peter was supported by many boyars and nobles, the Moscow patriarch and even several rifle regiments. Sophia, who found herself in isolation, was imprisoned in the Novodsvichiy Monastery in Moscow. The leader of the Streltsy, F. Shaklovity, was executed, V.V. Golitsyn was sent into exile. The throne passed to Peter. In 1696, Tsar Ivan died, and the autocracy of Peter was established.

Literature: AN Sakharov, VI Buganov “History of Russia from ancient times to the end of the 17th century” 10th grade BN Serov, AR Lango “Lesson studies on the history of Russia from ancient times to the end of the 19th century”, 10th grade Video fragment of their film “Streltsy Revolt” S/D “Library of visual aids of centuries.” Internet resources: romanov.html Fedor Alekseevich romanov.html Golitsyn V.V. Golitsyn V.V scheme of the Russian-Turkish war Sofya Alekseevna finansovye/Peter the First finansovye/streltsy revolt

Ivan
V
Alexeyevich
(1682-1696)
Fedor
Alekseevich died without leaving an heir; 15-year-old Ivan Alekseevich, as the next in seniority, was to inherit the throne.
Ivan Alekseevich was sickly and incapable of governing the country since childhood. Therefore, it was proposed to remove him and choose his 10-year-old half-brother as the next king.
Petra.
They said about Ivan Alekseevich that he was weak-minded, which, perhaps, was the libel of the Naryshkins, which they spread during the period of a fierce struggle for power with the Miloslavskys.
Known
that being at the very center of this struggle, Ivan Alekseevich never tried to take an active part in it, and did not show interest in government activities.
Sofya Alekseevna
(1657-1704)
1682-1689 –

regency of Sofia Alekseevna
Transformations of the government of Sofia Alekseevna:
Pacification of the Streltsy, execution of the head of the Streletsky Prikaz I. Khovansky, restoration of order

1686
– conclusion of “Eternal Peace” with Poland, Russia’s entry into the anti-Turkish Holy League

1687, 1689
– Crimean campaigns, which led to the failure of V. Golitsyn’s foreign policy
1684
– minting a coin with the image of Sophia

1686
– Sophia is assigned the title of autocrat
Maria
M
Iloslavskaya
Natalia
N
Aryshkina
Alexey Mikhailovich
Fedor Sophia Ivan
Peter
I

The eldest daughter of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich from his first marriage to Tsarina Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya. She received a good education at home, knew Latin perfectly, spoke fluent Polish, wrote poetry, read a lot, and had beautiful handwriting. Trying to appear God-fearing and humble in public, Sophia actually strived for complete power from her youth.
After the death of her mother in 1671, she painfully experienced her father’s imminent second marriage to Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina and the birth of her half-brother Peter (the future Tsar Peter I). After the death of her father in 1676, Sofya Alekseevna began to take an interest in state affairs: the country was ruled in 1676–1682 by her brother Fyodor Alekseevich, who was not independent in his actions.
Sofya Alekseevna
(1657-1704)
At first, the widowed queen tried to manage the country, but the relatives of Fyodor and Sophia were able to remove Natalya Kirillovna, sending her and her son Peter into “voluntary exile” to the village of Preobrazhenskoye.
Heirs of Alexei Mikhailovich
The short reign of Fyodor Alekseevich was marked by some important
transformations
And
reforms
:

Transformations of Fedor Alekseevich

1678
- general population census

1679
- a new household tax has been introduced

1682
- localism was abolished (appointment to a position based on family nobility and wealth)
Army reform (formation of foreign regiments)
Cossacks
Pickeners
Musketeer
Reitars

The result of the rebellion was a political compromise: Ivan and Peter were placed on the throne together, and their elder sister, Princess Sofya Alekseevna, became regent.

was fought against
Ottoman Empire and its allied Crimean
khanates,
caused by aggressive policies
Ports (Turkish Government)
in Ukraine.
By
Bakhchisarai
to the world
Türkiye recognized Left Bank Ukraine and Kyiv as Russia.
Russo-Turkish War
(1676-1681)
Crisis of 1682 Streletsky revolt (Khovanshchina)
Double royal throne
Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna shows Ivan V to the archers to prove that he is alive and well.
Fyodor Alekseevich, declared heir to the throne after the death of his elder brother Alexei, was very weak and sick, like all the sons of Alexei Mikhailovich from Maria Miloslavskaya, and suffered from “skorbut” (scurvy) since childhood. He ascended the royal throne at the age of fourteen
.
Fyodor Alekseevich (1676-1682)
Fyodor Alekseevich was well educated. His mentor was
Simeon of Polotsk
, who managed to instill in the prince a love of versification, philosophy and rhetoric. The prince was fond of music and singing. Polotsky introduced Fedor to European culture.
Peter
I
Alekseevich (1682-1725)
Having lost his father in 1676, Peter was brought up until the age of ten under the supervision of the Tsar’s elder brother Fyodor Alekseevich, who chose a clerk for him as a teacher.
Nikita Zotov
who taught the boy to read and write.
Vasily Vasilievich Golitsyn
(1643- 1714)
Favorite of Sofia Alekseevna, came from an old princely family, diplomat, statesman. He received an excellent education, knew foreign languages, and had remarkable intelligence and abilities. Supporter of rapprochement and establishment of close ties with Europe. Under Sophia, he headed the Ambassadorial Prikaz.