Presentation "The Tale of Boris and Gleb" (for literature lessons of the Smolensk region). Project “Holy Martyrs Boris and Gleb Russian Saints Boris and Gleb presentation

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Presentation on the topic: Life of Boris and Gleb

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“The Life of Boris and Gleb” is an example of an ancient Russian book life. It was created at the end of the 11th – beginning of the 12th century and has come down to us in two versions: “Tale” and “Reading”. The author of the story is unknown, “Reading” belongs to Nestor. These works of ancient Russian literature are based on the plot of the martyrdom of princes Boris and Gleb, killed by their brother Svyatopolk in the struggle for the Kiev throne.

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In 1015, Prince Vladimir died. His son Svyatopolk seized power in Kyiv. By order of the prince, his brother Boris was killed, and a month later - another brother Gleb. But the third brother Yaroslav went on a campaign against Svyatopolk, defeated him and established himself in Kyiv. Boris and Gleb were buried in Vyshgorod near the Church of St. Basil. Their graves became a place of pilgrimage1. During the construction of a new church to replace the burned one, it was discovered that the bodies of Boris and Gleb were incorruptible. This circumstance was the reason for declaring them saints. The cult of Boris and Gleb had an important political meaning: it “sanctified” and approved the state idea, according to which all Russian princes are brothers, and at the same time emphasized the obligatory subordination of the younger princes to the elders. The Life focuses on the death of the brothers. Boris and Gleb are portrayed as ideal Christian martyred heroes. They voluntarily accept the crown of martyrdom.

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Boris is submissive to the elder princes in everything. At the behest of his father, Prince Vladimir, he goes on a campaign against the Pechenegs. On the way back, he learns that his father has died, and the Kiev throne was seized by Svyatopolk. Boris mourns the death of his father. The squad invites him to go to Kyiv, but, obeying the duty of a vassal, he refuses and prefers death to treason. “Walking along the road, Boris thought about his beauty and kindness and burst into tears, and wanted to restrain himself from them, but could not. And everyone who saw him in tears cried about the nobility and honest mind of his youth, and everyone in his soul grieved in heartbreak, and everyone was in sadness... Boris's appearance was sad, his gaze and contrite heart, like that of a saint. The blessed one was truthful, generous, quiet, meek, humble, had mercy on everyone and cared for everyone.”2 Boris thought: “I know that for the sake of evil, people will push my brother to kill me and destroy me.”

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If he sheds my blood, then I will be a martyr before my Lord, and the Lord will accept my soul.” Boris’s sorrow was replaced by the consolations of God: “Whoever loses his soul for the sake of me and my teaching will find and preserve it in eternal life.” And joy filled Boris’s heart. He turned to God, saying: “Do not reject, most merciful Lord, me who trusts in you, but save my soul.”4 Boris begins to prepare for death. At the thought that he is about to die, he experiences fear. The premonition of death turns into confidence. Anxiety grows, Boris is unable to contain his heartfelt excitement. The conspirators sent by Svyatopolk surround the tent where the prince is praying and hit him with spears. Mortally wounded Boris asks for time to pray. He is taken on a cart to the city, and two Varangians finish off the martyr with a blow of a sword to the heart. Gleb is the same hero-martyr as Boris. When Svyatopolk calls him to Kyiv, he immediately sets off. Not far from Smolensk, he is overtaken by assassins sent by Svyatopolk, and Gleb meekly, without offering any resistance, allows himself to be killed. However, the image of Gleb does not repeat Boris in everything. Unlike Boris, tormented by a gloomy premonition, Gleb does not suspect anything, even when he learns about the death of his father and the death of his brother. He only expresses a desire to quickly meet his beloved brother in heaven, if not on earth.

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Gleb is naively enthusiastic about the world around him; he does not believe that he can be killed. When he sees the killers approaching him in a boat, he, not noticing their gloomy faces, rejoices at the meeting. Gleb only realized that they were going to kill him when they began to “jump” into his boat, holding swords in their hands. Gleb, trembling all over, asks for mercy, as children ask: “Don’t touch me, don’t touch me!” He does not understand what and why he must die. Gleb's defenselessness is very touching. This is one of the brightest images of ancient Russian literature.

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Internal monologues are also introduced into the Tale. They are pronounced, as the chronicler writes, by the heroes, “speaking in their hearts.” The psychological state of the characters is also reproduced in the author’s descriptions. The author even tries to convey to readers the contradictory feelings that gripped the heroes. So, in Boris’s soul one feeling gives way to another: grief in connection with the premonition of death and joy in anticipation of the martyrdom of the ideal Christian hero. This is a living spontaneity in the expression of feelings, characteristic of ancient literature, moreover, these are already clearly expressed features of psychologism. The monologues of Boris and Gleb are not devoid of imagery and lyricism. So, for example, Boris’s cry for his deceased father: “Woe is me, the light of my eyes, the radiance and dawn of my face, the bridle of my youth, the instruction of my foolishness! Alas for me, my father and lord! To whom will I resort, to whom will I look? Where will I receive such good teaching and instructions from your mind? Alas for me, alas for me! My sun has set, and I was not with you!”5. In this monologue, the author turned to oratorical prose and at the same time to the imagery of people’s lament. Folk poetry gave the hero's speech a certain lyricism and made it possible to more clearly express the feelings of filial grief. Two feelings are mixed in Gleb's soul - grief from the premonition of death and the joy that an ideal martyr hero should experience in anticipation of a martyr's end.

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In the image of Prince Svyatopolk, the world of light and goodness, as in Russian folklore, is sharply contrasted with the world of darkness and evil. Already at the beginning of the work, the author attributes to him the epithet “cursed”; when depicting him, he does not spare black colors. Svyatopolk is the “damned one,” “the second Cain, whose thoughts are caught by the devil,” he has “very nasty lips,” “an evil voice.” For the crimes committed, Svyatopolk bears a worthy punishment. Defeated by Yaroslav, he flees from the battlefield in panic. The author writes: “The accursed Svyatopolk ran and a demon attacked him. And his body weakened so much that he could not sit on the horse. And they carried him on a stretcher.” He constantly hears the tramp of horses of Yaroslav pursuing him: ““We’re running!” They are following us!” And they sent to look, but there were no pursuers or pursuers. And he, lying sick, exclaimed, saying: “Let's run! They're being chased again!" And he couldn’t stay in one place. And he ran to the Lyash land, driven by the wrath of God. And he ran to an uninhabited place between the Czechs and Poles and here he ended his life in agony. And he accepted retribution from God, who sent upon him destructive plagues and, after death, eternal torment.” And, if the brothers he killed are considered saints, then from the grave of Svyatopolk “a stench emanates as a warning to people... And from that time on, sedition on Russian soil ceased.” This emphasizes the author’s desire for the unity of Rus'.

THE FIRST RUSSIAN SAINTS. GLORIFICATION BY PRINCE YAROSLAV THE WISE OF THE INNOCENT BROTHERS – PRINCE BORIS AND GLEB. THE END OF SVYATOPOLK THE ACCURSED

Lesson objectives:

Educational:

give the concept of legend as a genre of spiritual literature;

introduce students to the biography of the Russian princes Boris and Gleb and their canonization;

identify the main Christian commandments of “The Tales of Boris and Gleb.”

Educational:

to cultivate patriotism and moral values in children (distinguishing between the concepts of good and evil, duty and honor, truth and conscience, the meaning of human life);

create conditions for developing students’ interest in the history and culture of their people, using historical images;

to cultivate awareness of the true meaning of human existence on earth.

Developmental:

develop observation techniques, analytical thinking;

develop the ability to highlight the main thing;

replenish your vocabulary.

Equipment: computer, projector, screen, teaching materials “Orthodox culture grades 5-6”, icons of Saints Boris and Gleb, text for analysis “The Tale of Boris and Gleb”, multimedia presentation.

Basic concepts and terms: saints, Prince Yaroslav the Wise, legend, canonization.

Lesson location: office with computer, projector, screen.

Lesson type: learning new material.

DURING THE CLASSES

Epigraph

Avoid evil, do good,

find peace and drive away evil, and live forever and ever.

Vladimir Monomakh

I. Organizational moment

(Greeting. Emotional mood. Checking students' readiness for the lesson).

Guys, today we have guests at our lesson. Let's welcome them. Get yourself into a working mood. Smile at each other.

II. Announcing the topic of the lesson, setting lesson goals(Slide 1-3)

Updating the topic of the lesson, setting up a problem-cognitive task

Why are Boris and Gleb saints? What should we learn from them? (Slide 4)

III. Preparing students for active learning

Teacher's word

The great Russian writer F.M. Dostoevsky wrote: “Oh, Holy Rus'! Faith and truth, love and humility, hope and asceticism are heard in these words. Warriors, farmers, monks, princes “pushed” us towards something better and brighter, protecting and strengthening our spiritual values... Little by little, holiness was added to the country’s halo. Who are you, the first Russian saints?” Spiritual literature gives us the answer to this question. (Slide 5)

Questions

1. What does “spiritual literature” mean? What do you mean by this concept?

(Students express different opinions).

2. What books can be classified as spiritual literature? Give examples (Bible).

– Guys, spiritual literature is not only the Bible. This includes stories about holy people.

3. Who are the saints? (Refer to glossary.) And where do you think the saints can be seen? They lived a long time ago, there were no photographs yet (It is true that saints, like Jesus Christ and the Mother of God, were and are depicted on icons).

4. What is a symbol of holiness, how can we determine this by looking at the icon? (Nimbus).(Slide 6)

Working on an epigraph for the lesson

It is no coincidence that the epigraph to the lesson was the words of Vladimir Monomakh: “Avoid evil, do good, find peace and drive away evil, and live forever and ever.” Highlight the key words in this statement (Good, peace) and may peace and goodness always reign in your life. (Slide 7)

IV. Learning new knowledge

Vocabulary work

Spiritual literature also includes such genres as legends, teachings, and hagiographies.

How do you understand the meaning of the word “legend”? Choose words with the same root.

Legend = tale, tale, storyteller, say.

Let's turn to the Explanatory Dictionary of S.I. Ozhegova:

“A legend is a genre of ancient Russian literature of historical or legendary content” (The definition is written down and explained).

– One of the first legends to appear in Rus' was “The Tale of Boris and Gleb.” We will read an adaptation of this historical text made by the writer E. Poselyanin. Reading a life is not easy. But, after reading it carefully, try to answer the question: why did the holy princes Boris and Gleb not resist Svyatopolk? But before we begin to get acquainted with the images of Russian saints, we need to remember that distant time, and our historians and literary scholars will help us with this (Student reports)(Slide 8,9)

Historical reference

Every person in our country has a last name, first name and patronymic. But it was not always so. In Ancient Rus', at birth a child received a name, at baptism he could receive a different name, and only later he received a nickname. The princes were no exception: Vladimir Krasnoe Solnyshko, Andrei Bogolyubsky, Mstislav Udaloy, and later the first Russian Tsar, Ivan the Terrible. In one word - deep information about a person. In the same situation, one person becomes a hero, and another a coward, one becomes Wise, another becomes Damned, each makes his own choice and this leaves an imprint on his entire life.

The sons of Prince Vladimir, nicknamed the Red Sun, who baptized Rus', lived in the 11th century. The youngest of twelve brothers are Boris (reigned in Rostov) and Gleb (in Murom). The elder brother Svyatopolk (adopted by Vladimir) seized the throne in Kyiv after the death of his father, treacherously killing his younger brothers. For his atrocities, he was popularly nicknamed the Damned. This sad event in our history occurred in the summer of 1015.

The brothers were especially loved by the people as the first Russian saints among a large host of saints who came from Byzantium during the years of baptism. Images of Boris and Gleb began to appear already in the 11th century, and later churches and monasteries of the same name. To this day, there are cities called Borisoglebsk in the Yaroslavl and Voronezh regions. Temples of Russian saints were erected in Byzantium and the Czech Republic.

Another son of Vladimir, Yaroslav, who reigned in Novgorod at that time, avenged the death of his brothers: after a fierce struggle that lasted almost four years, Yaroslav defeated Svyatopolk, and he fled from the Russian land. Later, having become the great prince of Kyiv, Yaroslav, nicknamed the Wise by the people, obtained from Constantinople the canonization of Boris and Gleb. (Slide 10,11)

Literary reference

The event of the murder of Boris and Gleb was reflected in a number of works of the 11th-12th centuries that make up the Boris and Gleb cycle. In addition to the abbreviated versions of the life intended for worship, this included the chronicle story under the year 1015 (as part of the “Tale of Bygone Years”), “Reading about the life and destruction of the blessed passion-bearers Boris and Gleb” by Nestor the chronicler, as well as “The Legend, Suffering and Praise Holy Martyrs Boris and Gleb" (Slide 12)(work of the late 11th and early 12th centuries).

Physical education minute (Slide 13)

Working with the textbook

Reading the text pp. 114-117, conversation on the content:

Who is Svyatopolk? (Eldest son of Prince Vladimir)

What nickname did he get and why? (Cursed, for killing brothers)

Who are the passion-bearers? (Martyrs are saints who accepted torture and death for their faith

in Jesus Christ)

What does “model of Christian virtues” mean? (True love, meekness, humility, kindness)

What is "canonization"? (Canonization of the deceased)

Who is Yaroslav the Wise? (Son of Prince Vladimir, who ruled Rus' after his death)

(Slide 14, 15)

Reading a legend

– Dedicated to the holy princes and passion-bearers Boris and Gleb. (The teacher reads the story with small comments)(Slide 16)

Blitz survey

Name the main characters.

Why did Prince Vladimir love his younger sons so dearly?

- “...And they both accepted the heavenly crown, which they were striving for, and rejoiced with great and inexpressible joy, which they received.” Who is opposed to Boris and Gleb? (Svyatopolk)

– Let’s return to the question that I asked you before reading the life: why did the holy princes Boris and Gleb not resist Svyatopolk? Confirm with text. (“...The height of their moral perfection is amazing: contempt for death, faith in God, humility and truth, obedience to elders...)

So, princes Boris and Gleb became saints because they drew closer to God.

What happened to Svyatopolk the Accursed?

How do you imagine Svyatopolk externally and internally?

Why did he plan to destroy the brothers?

In which episode does Boris's true Christianity manifest itself?

Why doesn’t Boris, who knew about his imminent death, try to avoid it and resist Svyatopolk? (Seniority is an unconditional value for a Russian person of that time.)

With the name of Christ, Boris calmly accepts his death.

What caused Svyatopolk's reprisal against Gleb?

How does Gleb die?

– Is it possible to classify princes Boris and Gleb as saints based on the hagiographic spiritual portrait?

Why are the noble princes Boris and Gleb also called passion-bearers?

(Slide 17)

V. Consolidation of new knowledge

Completing training tests for § 2.4 No. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and training exercises No. 3, 4 (Slide 18)

VI. Summing up the lesson, grading the lesson

Guys, did you like the story? What exactly?

How can the legend be interesting to us living in the 21st century?

(We think about good and evil, about the need to respect elders. Boris and Gleb lived according to God’s commandments, and if we try to live like this, then wars will stop on earth, violence will disappear).

- Guys, today we met you with only one legend, but many have been written. Our ancestors were very fond of reading spiritual literature. And this is not our last encounter with this genre. I hope that you will now want to get acquainted with other fairy tale literature on your own.

(Slide 19)

VII. Reflection

"Thermometer"(on a large sheet of paper there is a thermometer with marks of “temperature” in the lesson: “friendly”, “warm”, “pleasant”, “zero”, “cool”, “cold”, “disgusting”.

VIII.Homework(optionally):

1. Draw an illustration for “The Tale of Boris and Gleb.”

2. Compose a crossword puzzle based on “The Tale of Boris and Gleb.”

3. Write an essay “What is holiness?”

4. Make a presentation on the topic “The Legend as a Genre of Old Russian Literature”

(Slide 21)

Bibliography

Ozhegov S.I. Explanatory Dictionary M.: Education, 1999.

Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius ( http://www.km.ru/)

Abstract to the material

The following materials are presented:

development of a literature lesson in the 5th grade according to the A.G. program Kutuzov on the topic: “Who are you, the first Russian saints?” (Study of “The Lives of Boris and Gleb”);

crossword puzzle “Genre features of hagiographic literature”;
teacher presentation;
entertaining simulator “People of Ancient Rus'”;
student presentation.

...The Russian people, flexible, tolerant by nature, are easily receptive to foreign culture. But this “borrowing” of the Western way of life does not pass without a trace; as a nation, we are losing our identity. Hagiographic literature takes us back to our roots: humility, mercy, conscientiousness.

5th grade students have an emotional-figurative type of thinking and easily respond to “good feelings”, they just need help with this...

The study of life is not limited to the framework of two lessons; students continued to get acquainted with the heroes of ancient Russian literature, working in groups. They prepared their material in the form of a presentation, and technical assistance was provided by the teacher and parents.

Lesson type: communication of new knowledge

Method used: partial-search

Lesson summary

Who are you, the first Russian saints? (Study of “The Lives of Boris and Gleb”)

Target: developing life analysis skills taking into account genre features.

Tasks:

Educational:

To consolidate the concept of hagiography as a genre of spiritual literature.
Continue to familiarize students with the worldview of people of the era of Ancient Rus'.
Identify the main Christian commandments of “The Lives of Boris and Gleb.”

Educational:

To promote the development of students' research skills.
Continue to develop skills in analyzing a work of art.
Work on the development of students' oral and written speech.
Promote the development of linguistic flair and imagination.

Educational:

Invite students to think about a literary text.
To promote the ethical and aesthetic education of the individual during the lesson.

Lesson equipment: computer, multimedia projector, hanging screen, illustrative material. The board is decorated with the children’s drawings, and two candles are burning on the table.

During the classes

I. Organization of the beginning of the lesson

Greetings.

II. Preparing students for active conscious learning

1) Crossword “Genre features of hagiographic literature.”

Slide number 1

2) We often say: “Holy Rus'”. Faith and truth, love and humility, hope and asceticism are heard in these words. Warriors, farmers, monks, princes “pushed” us towards something better and brighter, protecting and strengthening our spiritual values... Little by little, holiness was added to the country’s halo. Who are you, the first Russian saints?

Boris and Gleb - princes, sons of Vladimir, who baptized Rus', became martyrs "meek and merciful", "blessed passion-bearers", having accepted death from their brother the Accursed. Distant and incomprehensible words... Perhaps, having read the text of the lives of the saints, understanding it, bringing these words closer, we will give an answer not only to this direct question, but also understand what meaning was put into the eternal values for our people in that ancient era .

3) - Guys, what do you think is the purpose of our lesson?

Identify the main Christian commandments of “The Lives of Boris and Gleb”

Slide number 2 ;

To do this we need to solve the following tasks:

consolidate the concept of hagiography as a genre of spiritual literature
get acquainted with the biography of the Russian princes Boris and Gleb;
find out how the holiness of Boris and Gleb is manifested.

– But before we begin to get acquainted with the images of Russian saints, we need to remember that distant time. So,

III. Learning new knowledge

Slide number 3

1) Historical background The sons of Vladimir, who baptized Rus', lived in the 11th century. The youngest of twelve brothers are Boris (reigned in Rostov) and Gleb (in Murom). The elder brother Svyatopolk (according to one version, adopted by Vladimir) seized the throne in Kyiv after the death of his father, treacherously killing his younger brothers. For his atrocities, he was nicknamed the accursed by the people. This sad event in our history occurred in the summer of 1015.

Slide number 4

Slide number 5

Slide number 6

Literary reference

The event of the murder of Boris and Gleb was reflected in a number of works 11-12 that make up the Boris and Gleb cycle. In addition to abbreviated versions of the life intended for worship, this included the chronicle story under the year 1015 (as part of the “Tale of Bygone Years”), “Reading about the life and destruction of the blessed passion-bearers Boris and Gleb” by Nestor the chronicler, as well as “The Legend, Suffering and Praise of the Saints Martyrs Boris and Gleb" (work of the late 11th or early 12th century).

– Of all the works, the Tale was the most popular: for 150 known copies of the Tale, there are only 30 manuscripts of canonical reading. (Speech by prepared students)

Slide number 7

2) - Guys, who will remind you

What is the name of the biography of the saints?
What kind of person can be called a saint?

Slide number 8

Saint(from Protoslav. svętъ; plural - saints) - in Christianity, a pious and virtuous person, canonized by the church, who is an example of virtue and, according to the teachings of the Church, remains in heaven after his death and prays before God for the members of the church still living on earth .

The Orthodox Church reveres the righteous not as gods, but as faithful servants, saints and friends of God; praises their exploits and deeds accomplished by them with the help of the grace of God and for the glory of God, so that all the honor given to S. relates to the majesty of God, whom they pleased on earth with their lives; S. are honored with annual remembrances of them, national festivals, the creation of temples in their name, etc.

Where can you see images of Saints? (On icons)

Icon- a pictorial depiction of God, a saint or saints.

Now let's look at a specific example of holy living.

Slide number 9

“Called the father of Russian history; Gifted with a curious mind, he listened with attention to the oral traditions of antiquity and folk historical tales; I saw monuments, the graves of princes; talked with nobles, elders of Kyiv, travelers, residents of other Russian regions; read Byzantine chronicles, church notes and became the first Chronicler of the Fatherland.” N.M. Karamzin

Slide number 10

Before us are princes Boris and Gleb.

3) Conversation on reading

Tell us what you know about the childhood and youth of the princes?

Why did Prince Vladimir love his younger sons so dearly?

Who is opposed to Boris and Gleb? (Svyatopolk)

Slide number 11

How do you imagine Svyatopolk externally and internally?

Why did he plan to kill his brother?

In which episode does Boris's true Christianity manifest itself?

Why doesn’t Boris, who knew about his imminent death, try to avoid it and resist Svyatopolk? (Seniority is an unconditional value for a Russian person of that time.)

With the name of Christ, Boris calmly accepts his death.

What caused Svyatopolk's reprisal against Gleb?

How does Gleb die?

Slide number 12

“Do not harm me, my dear brothers, do not harm me, you have done nothing evil... Have mercy on my shame, have mercy, my Lord. You will be my masters, and I will be your slave. You will not reap me from a life that is not ripe, you will not reap a class that is not ripe... You will not cut the vines that are not fully mature..."

every innocent and free suffering in the world is suffering for the name of Christ. And the spirit of free suffering – at least in the form of non-resistance – triumphs in Gleb over his human weakness.”

“And when Gleb realized that they wanted to take his life, tears flowed from his eyes, and he prayed with tears to his murderers.”

The author of “The Tale of the Holy Martyrs Boris and Gleb” puts into the mouth of the holy prince words filled with aching pity for his youth and defenselessness. This plea from Gleb, addressed to his murderers, is perhaps the most heartfelt passage in all ancient Russian literature: “Don’t touch me, my dear brothers! Do not touch me, for I have not done any harm to you. Have mercy on me, brothers, have mercy! What offense did I cause to my brother and to you, my brothers and masters? If there is any offense, take me to your prince, my brother and master. Have pity on my youth, have pity, my gentlemen!.. Do not cut off the ear that has not yet ripened, do not destroy the vine that has not yet grown! It won’t be murder, but cheese cutting!..”

Seeing their unmercifulness, he knelt down and, having prayed, said: “Since we have already begun, proceed and do everything that is commanded to you.”

What biblical story did the death of Boris and Gleb remind us of? ("Cain and Abel")

Why was Svyatopolk popularly called the Accursed?

4) - Now let’s try to highlight the qualities that characterize the holiness of Boris and Gleb and the act of Svyatopolk, and fill out the table “Christian virtues and vices”

Slide number 13

What is “virtue” and what are “vices”?

Virtue - a positive moral quality of a person. Vice- moral, spiritual deficiency; everything that is contrary to truth and goodness.

After a joint discussion, the columns in the table are filled in by one of the students on the interactive board and in notebooks, then slide No. 14 appears. Students check their notes and make any necessary corrections.

Slide number 14

You see that the images of the main characters are contrasted in the legend; this technique in literature is called contrast .

What virtues, in your opinion, are the main ones on this list; do they seem to absorb other moral qualities? (Blessed, saints)

Does everyone understand the meaning of the word “blessed”? Choose words with the same root.

(Goodness, grace, benefactor, gratitude, goodness, annunciation)

Blissful. - it is mentally pure; one who does good; martyr.

Why, answer again, were they the first to be canonized?

To do this, we need to remember the commandments of Christ formulated in the Sermon on the Mount.

Slide number 15

Students are offered a choice of:

“Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted”;

“Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth”;

“Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God”;

“Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called sons of God.”

Slide number 16

In 1072, the brothers, princes Boris and Gleb, were canonized, at a time when the Russian land was finally “torn apart” and brother went against brother, regardless of seniority. Saints Boris and Gleb wanted peace.

"Boris and Gleb are saints, blessed, because they are peacemakers" .

Slide number 17

5) Conscientiousness, mercy, holiness were the measures of a person’s spiritual purity in that distant time.

Let's look at the “Mechanism of Growing into Holiness” diagram.

The “mechanism of growth” into holiness was figuratively demonstrated by St. Abba Dorotheos - an eastern ascetic of the late 6th - early 7th centuries: “Imagine a circle, in the middle of it is the center, and radii emanating from the center are rays. These radii, the further from the center, the more they diverge and move away from each other; on the contrary, the closer to the center, the more they come closer to each other. Imagine now that this circle is the world, the very middle of the circle is God, and straight lines (radii) going from the center of the circle or from the circle to the center are the paths of people’s lives...

What idea of life and relationships between people is reflected in this picture?

As much as the Saints enter inside the circle to the middle of the onago, wanting to get closer to God, so much as they enter, they become closer to God and to each other... So understand about distance. When they move away from God and turn to the external, it is obvious that to the extent that they move away from the center and move away from God, to the same extent they move away from each other.”

Monastic act: Sat. teachings of the holy fathers and devotees of piety - M..1991

What was the further fate of Svyatopolk?

What role did the brothers Boris and Gleb play in Russian history?

“From that time,” the chronicler writes, “sedition in Rus' died down.” The blood shed by the holy brothers to prevent internecine strife was that blessed seed that strengthened the unity of Rus'. The noble passion-bearing princes are not only glorified by God for the gift of healing, but they are special patrons and defenders of the Russian land.

Why are the noble princes Boris and Gleb also called passion-bearers?

(Endure passion, meekly endure physical torment)

Slide number 18

6) - Students report about miracles associated with St. Boris and Gleb (based on the textbook and additional literature).

IV. Consolidation of new knowledge

Slide number 19

1) - Look at the slide.

Are all the features of the genre of hagiography listed and are they all named correctly? Correct and name the missing ones.

2) Working with the entertaining simulator “People of Ancient Rus'”.

V. Summing up the lesson

Guys, did you like the life? What exactly?

How can life be interesting to us living in the 21st century?

We think about good and evil, about the need to respect elders. Boris and Gleb lived according to God’s commandments, and if we try to live like this, then wars on earth will stop, violence will disappear...

Well done! It was these covenants that were left to us by the first Russian saints - princes Boris and Gleb... Their feat is a feat of non-resistance to evil. By their martyrdom they stood for peace.

Slide number 20

It was Sunday, August 6, 1015. Boris' body was wrapped in a tent, placed on a cart and taken secretly to Vyshgorod, where it was buried in the Church of St. Basil.

August 6th... Now this day is considered an Orthodox holiday. According to the old style. The new date is July 24.

Slide number 27

VI. Homework information

1. Answer in writing the question: “What is holiness in the understanding of the author of the life?”

2. Finish work on the characteristics of “your hero”, arrange the received material in the form of a presentation.

Used Books

Literature. 5th grade. Lesson plans (according to the program of A.G. Kutuzov). Compiled by L.M. Seregina – Volgograd: Publishing House “Teacher”, 2003.
Supplement to the magazine “Literature at School” No. 2-2005.
Orthodox calendar, 2008.
Temple of Saint Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir
What is an Orthodox icon?
The Legend of Boris and Gleb. Historical and philological dialogue lesson. Anna TKACHENKO, literature teacher Sergei SELEMENEV, history teacher Novosibirsk

Multimedia lesson components

Crossword (file krossvord.htm).
Teacher's presentation (file Teacher's Presentation.ppt).
An entertaining simulator (file ludi.htm).
Student project (file Student Presentation.ppt).

Crossword “Genre features of hagiographic literature”

Students already have a general understanding of the genre obtained in the previous lesson, so this type of work helps to enter the world of life and intensify the cognitive activity of fifth-graders.

Presentation applied by the teacher throughout the lesson, performing the following functions:

1. Introductory

entry into the world of ancient Russian literature;
acquaintance with the peculiarities of the era;
roll call with modernity (illustrations of cities called Borisoglebsk, photographs of monasteries, churches in honor of Boris and Gleb). Slides No. 3 - No. 6, No. 8 - No. 12, No. 18, No. 20 - No. 26.

2. Educational

questions for discussion, slide number 7;
working with a table on the interactive whiteboard, slides No. 13 - No. 14;
solving a research problem, slides No. 15 - No. 16;
working with the diagram “The Image of the World in the Christian Understanding”, slide No. 17;
consolidating the concept of the genre of life, slide No. 19.

3. Informative

information about homework, slide No. 27.

Entertaining simulator “People of Ancient Rus'”

Assignments help to consolidate students' knowledge acquired in class. As educational material, children are offered illustrative material from the teacher’s presentation.

Valentina Stupina
Project to introduce preschoolers to the history of the village of Borisogleb “Saints Boris and Gleb in our lives”

Municipal educational institution primary school – kindergarten No. 16 "Sun".

Performed: teacher, Stupina Valentina Anatolyevna.

Project« Saints Boris and Gleb in our lives»

annotation project

Type project: creative - research.

Duration: 1 Week.

Educational areas: integrative: cognitive, speech, artistic and aesthetic social and communicative, physical development

Relevance project

Our small homeland is the village Borisogleb. Conducting a survey of children about history of our village we didn't get the right answers. We concluded that children lack knowledge about history of our small homeland, occurrence Borisogleb village and churches. Conducting individual conversations with parents, we noted a low level of knowledge on this topic and a low level of activity in the parent community.

Planned results

For children:

1. Most children know village history, can tell about the village and lives of saints Boris and Gleb.

2. Children create drawings about the village and construct different types of churches.

3. Most of the children took part in the creation and design of the exhibition of drawings "My native village"

For parents:

villages.

For kindergarten:

1. Organization of partnership and cooperation of all participants in the educational process by combining efforts in working on this project.

2. A constructive change in the attitude of parents and the public towards municipal educational institutions.

3. No negative attitude towards school

For the teacher:

1. Knowledge about stories, traditions villages, O Saints Boris and Gleb.

2. I studied archival documents.

3. Conducted a survey of old-timers villages.

4. Conducted diagnostics of children by questioning.

Acquaintance children and parents with history of the village of Borisogleb.

Tasks:

shrines;

3. introduce the legend Saints Boris and Gleb;

Resources:

Scientific and methodological:

A selection of literary sources;

Internet resources;

Teachers' ICT proficiency

Personnel:

Teacher, parents, children, priest Maxim Viklenko - rector of the Church of the Icon of the Smolensk Mother of God.

Material and technical:

Availability of reference and encyclopedic literature in the library.

Preparatory stage.

1. Viewed the presentation "The Tale of Boris and Gleb» O saints, after whom the village is named Borisogleb.

2. Archival documents were selected and analyzed (1,2, 3,4) .

3. A survey of old-timers was conducted villages.

4. A conversation was held with parents:

Main stage.

1 day project:

GCD on the topic " Church history(abstract);

Churches were constructed (1, (2, (3, (4, (5, (6, (7, (8, (9) different types of designers.

Day 2 project:

GCD on the topic: « Saints Boris and Gleb(abstract)

Created drawings of the church (1(2, (3, (4, (5)

Day 3 project:

Organized an excursion to the temple on the patronal holiday villages - Borisov day(photo report).

Main stage.

Day 3 project:

For children:

1. Familiar with the legend about the construction of the church, with history of the village.

2. We looked at the icons (1, (2, (3) , (4, (5(6(7)

3. We watched a cartoon about Saints Boris and Gleb"Brothers"

4. Created drawings villages(1, (2) (3, (4, (5) .

Main stage.

For children:

1. solved the crossword puzzle "Ancient Rus'"

2. excursion to the temple for the patronal feast villages - Borisov day.

3. Created a booklet and presentation

on this topic project together with parents.

For parents:

Most parents participate in search activities and excursions to church.

Final

For the teacher:

"My native village"

2 Summarized the work on project.

3. Conducted a survey: “What would you like to know?”

The final stage.

For children:

project.

Reflection:

"My favorite village";

For parents:

project;

Parents' reviews about project.

For the teacher:

1. Organized an exhibition of drawings and photographs "My native village"

2 Summarized the work on project.

3. Conducted a survey: “What would you like to know?”

For children:

Diagnostics carried out upon completion project.

Reflection:

participate in the design of an exhibition of drawings and photographs "My favorite village";

For parents:

1. Participate in research activities and presentation of results project;

2. creating a booklet and presentation in joint activities with the child;

3. Feedback from parents project.

Follow-up work

villages.

3. Learn about famous people villages.

Children met:

1. with the history of the village of Borisogleb and Saints Boris and Gleb;

2. with a legend and archival documents about the construction of the church;

3. parents took an active part in research activities and excursions to the patronal feast villages.

Performance Indicators project.

Children's knowledge about history of the village of Borisogleb, church of the icon of the Smolensk Mother of God, o Saints Boris and Gleb.

Before the beginning project the children knew nothing about village and church history - 0%,

parents - 40%.

At the end project: 75% - children, parents - 100%.

Informational resources.

UHopuA. http://www.gradromanov.ru

Klimochkina,

Website "Grad Romanov" http://www.gradromanov.ru) icons Boris and Gleb -http://www.icon-art.info/book_contents.php?book_id=7&ch_l2=2&chap=8

The image is played back by publication: Lazarev V. N. Russian icon painting from origins until the beginning of the 16th century. M.: Art, 2000

SAINTS Boris and Gleb

Boris_and_Gleb#/media/File:Saints_Boris_and_Gleb. jpg

icons - http://spb-icon.ru/ikoni-svyatich/ikona-svyatich-borisa-i-gleba.html

Icons of Svetlana Bagatova

Cartoon "Brothers"

Personal contacts with residents villages

Address: Historical Museum, Moscow Red Square, 1

Metro station: Revolution Square, Okhotny Ryad, Teatralnaya. Photos from the exhibition "Defenders of the Russian Land"

http://iconkuznetsov.ru/index.php?did=513&sid=358

Icons Holy Princes Boris and Gleb,

icon painter Yuri Kuznetsov

Saint Gleb

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Boris_and_Gleb

What ancient architectural structures are located on the territory our village?

Do you know how our church appeared?

Children's answers.

P. And on the contrary villages The village of Pongilovo is located. It stands on the highest mountain in the Yaroslavl region. There is a legend associated with this place, told by Faina Petrovna Balmasova. Listen to it:

"It was a long time ago. They first decided to build the temple in Pongilov. They were already hauling logs, but miracles began to happen. The logs began to roll down on their own. Borisogleb. They were returned, but they continued to roll.

It became clear that God wanted the temple to be built in Borisoglebe»

Faina Petrovna also said that several years ago an icon depicting Jesus Christ and located to the right of the Royal Doors in the area of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was streaming myrrh in the temple. Father showed that it was as if tears were flowing from Christ’s eyes.

Main part.

So says the legend. I invite you to take a trip into the distant past when our village did not exist yet. Do you agree? Or do you have another suggestion?

Children's answers.

P. And now, before the big trip, let’s warm up a little.

Physical education minute.

Hands raised and shook

These are birches in the forest.

Arms bent, hands shaken

The wind blows away the dew.

Hands to the sides, wave smoothly

These are the birds flying towards us.

We'll also show you how they sit down.

The arms were bent back.

P. Imagine that our palace is "Magic carpet", sit down comfortably, and we will go on a journey through time.

P. According to legend is our the village was founded by people from Borisoglebskaya Sloboda, which was opposite Romanov. This is where the name came from villages. The village is located on a mountain, with small rivers Kamenka and Lominka flowing on both sides. The place is open and picturesque. Main visual center villages and the entire surrounding area within a radius of 15-20 km. is a stone church that has survived to this day.

That's about stories church I want to tell you.

The modern church of the icon of the Smolensk Mother of God was built on the site of two wooden churches: one destroyed, and the other dilapidated from time to time. There is no evidence of the time of their construction.

In the 16th century, peasants were under the jurisdiction of the Yaroslavl Spasky Monastery.

The stone temple was built at the expense of the parishioners, and the main builder is said to be the landowner of the village of Kashcheev Platon Zakharovich Lotov.

The temple was built in 1806 by serfs Alexei and Grigory Mikhailov. The church is an example of cult rural architecture of the 19th century, with a traditional plan, decor, and structures. Its construction coincided with the period when Romanovo - Borisoglebsk 80% of all existing religious buildings in the countryside were erected in the county. The church and cemetery were surrounded on four sides by an earthen rampart. Stone stones were built from the south holy gate.

The bell tower was first separated from the church, and in 1852, at the expense of the parishioners under the leadership of the church warden, it was connected with the church.

Fellow villagers said that the church continued to operate until 1943.

It started operating again in 1998.

When telling the story I didn’t use words familiar to you: immigrants, settlement, dilapidated church, parishioners, village.

These are not familiar words, can you tell me what they mean?

Children's answers

P. Maybe someone has another version? (The teacher corrects the children’s answers).

Final part.

Now we will check what you remember.

To do this, we need to stand in a circle, remember the counting rhyme, choose a driver who will throw the ball to you and ask questions. You will answer them. If someone finds it difficult to answer, you will help him.

The game is being played.

Reflection.

P. Guys! Our airplane carpet is ready to return to our century. Are you ready to return home or want to continue Our trip? Who has any suggestions?

Children's answers.

P. I suggest you return to the group today and construct our church from various construction sets.

And we'll go on our next trip tomorrow.

2. Construction of the church.

P. Guys! Today you and I were travelers. And now I suggest you work as architects and builders design and construction of our church. These are important professions. It will be difficult for one of you to cope with the task, I suggest you unite in groups and create your own versions of buildings. Do you like my proposal or do you have other opinions?

Children's answers.

Children work in groups.

Reflection. Each group shows their church.

The results of the work are discussed and photographs are taken for memory.

(Photo attached : k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, k7, k8, k9).

Complex lesson.

GCD theme: « Meet Saints Boris and Gleb» . Drawing "My Church".

Target: Meeting the first Russian saints Boris and Gleb.

Tasks:

-Introduce children with the first Russians Saints Boris and Gleb and their lives.

Encourage children to translate into drawings what they learned during the implementation impression project.

Develop cognitive interest in shrines of our village.

Cultivate love for your native village.

Give children the opportunity to express their impressions in visual activities, using previously acquired knowledge.

Integration of educational regions: "Cognitive Development", "Speech development", "Socially communicative", "Artistic and Aesthetic", "Physical development".

Conditions: The lesson is held in a group room, in the first half of the day.

Equipment: laptop, drawing paper, pencils, markers, construction set "Church".

Organizing time

P. Guys! Get together in a circle quickly! Let's say is our traditional greeting.

Children and teacher: “All the children gathered in a circle,

You are my friend and I am your friend.

Let's hold hands tightly

And let’s smile at each other!”

Yesterday we decided to continue our journey into the past.

Has your opinion changed?

Children's answers.

P. Please tell me what it’s called our village?

Children's answers.

P. Who is it named after?

Children's answers.

P. Who are they?

Children's answers.

P. I suggest listening to the story and looking at pictures on the topic.

To do this, sit down comfortably. The journey begins.

Main part.

Teacher's story with pictures.

Boris and Gleb were the youngest sons of the Kyiv prince Vladimir the Red Sun. Born shortly before the Baptism of Rus', the brothers belonged to the very first generation of Russian people raised in the Christian faith. When they reached adulthood, their father set Boris prince in Rostov, A Gleba - to Murom.

One day, scouts reported to Vladimir that the steppe nomads of the Pechenegs were coming to Rus'. The Grand Duke was seriously ill at that time. Realizing that he himself would not be able to lead the army, Vladimir called from Rostov Boris, gave him his squad under his command and sent him on a campaign against the Pechenegs.

Soon Vladimir died. At this time he was in Kyiv Svyatopolk, Older brother Boris and Gleb. Taking advantage of the situation, he immediately declared himself the Grand Duke of Kyiv.

Boris and Gleb declared their allegiance to the new Kyiv prince and pledged "honor him as your father". Insidious Svyatopolk didn't believe the sincerity Boris and sent assassins to him. Boris found out about this, but did not hide. The killers overtook him while he was praying in his tent on the banks of the Alta River. They burst into the prince’s tent and pierced him with spears.

But Saint Boris was still alive. Coming out of the tent, he asked his executioners to allow him to finish his prayer. After praying, he turned to murderers: “Come, brothers, finish your service, and may there be peace to your brother Svyatopolk and you" This is how the Rostov prince died Boris.

After that Svyatopolk also killed Gleb. By deception, calling him from Murom, Svyatopolk sent assassins to meet him. Prince Gleb already knew about the death of his father and the villainous murder Boris. But he also preferred his own death to the war with his brother. With your killers Saint Gleb met at the mouth of the Smyadyn River, not far from Smolensk. Having captured his boat, the mercenaries Svyatopolk forced to kill Gleb his own servant.

Sometimes about a person of principle They say: "he would rather die than do something". Princes Boris and Gleb they really preferred to die at the hands of their brother rather than become fratricides themselves. After the sacrificial deed Boris and Gleb None of the Russian princes could calm their conscience with the fact that in the struggle for power all means are good.

P. That’s how they were Saints Boris and Gleb, after which it was named our village.

Boris and Gleb - Russian heroes. They were strong in spirit. What should you do to be strong, not only in spirit, but also in body?

Children's answers.

I suggest you do some exercise.

Physical education minute.

Crane-crane-crane!

He flew over a hundred lands.

Flew around, walked around,

Wings, legs strained.

We asked the crane:

- “Where is the best land?”

He answered as he flew:

- “There is no better native land!”

(G. Graudin)

Final part.

Conversation on issues.

P. Children, what was their father’s name? Boris and Gleb?

What is the name of the city where he began to reign? Boris?

To which city did Prince Vladimir send to reign? Gleb?

Where did he send the prince Boris is his father?

What was the name of the brother who began to rule in the city of Kyiv?

Princes Boris and Gleb agreed, What Svyatopolk began to reign instead of their father, Prince Vladimir?

What do you think is the feat of the princes? Boris and Gleb?

Children's answers.

P. Saints Boris and Gleb gave their lives for this so as not to betray humility and obedience, virtues that are among the most important for the Christian attitude towards life. By their martyrdom they confirmed the New Testament principle - one cannot repay evil for evil. They were the first saints in Rus', which had not yet completely departed from paganism. Rus' took the path of Orthodoxy.

Feat Boris and Gleb did not go unnoticed. Cities began to be named after them, villages, rivers.

Artists began to create their images in icons and paintings.

2. Drawing.

P. Yesterday you and I mastered the professions of architects and builders, and today I invite you to become artists and draw a church. Do you agree, or do you have other suggestions?

Children's answers.

P. To make it easier for you to complete the task, if anyone finds it difficult, you can use the constructor "Church".

Sit at the tables and take the correct body position.

Reflection.

An exhibition of drawings is held with analysis and selection of the best works.

P. Today's journey ends. These two days we have been traveling virtually. Tomorrow May 15th is the patronal feast day Borisogleb village, the 1000th anniversary of the feat is celebrated Saints Boris and Gleb.

I offer you a real journey "Excursion to the Church". Ready?

Children's answers.

drawings of the church (1(2, (3, (4, (5)

From the very morning we were preparing for excursions:

1. watched a cartoon about Saints Boris and Gleb"Brothers";

2. looked at the icons (1, (2, (3) , (4, (5(6(7) ;

At 10.00 we went to church.

After the excursion, photographs were taken of the participants. project together with parents and the priest.

In the afternoon the children drew views Borisogleb. (1, (2) (3, (4, (5) .

Subsequently, an exhibition was created from these drawings and photographs. "My native village".

The results of the work on project. A survey of children was conducted on the topic "What else about village history you would like to know?»

Feedback received from parents about project.

During project parents in joint activities with their child

created a booklet and presentation under the general title - "My home village Borisogleb» .

Business card project

Educational institution (I) Municipal educational institution primary school – kindergarten No. 16 "Sun"

(full name, position) Stupina Valentina Anatolevna

Subject project: Saints Boris and Gleb In our lives.

Creative name: The native village lives, lives, it sings, it lives...

Typology project: Creative - research.

students/pupils Mixed age group 4-7 years. Duration project 1 week

Educational

area / Activity centers Integrative: cognitive, speech, artistic and aesthetic social and communicative, physical

development.

Target: Acquaintance children and parents with history of the village of Borisogleb.

Tasks (for teachers) 1. introduce children to the history of the village;

2. cultivate love for the small homeland and its shrines;

3. introduce the legend, archival documents about the construction of the church and Saints Boris and Gleb;

4. involve parents in search activities.

Expected results (for a student) 1.Most children know history and traditions of the village, can tell about lives of saints Boris and Gleb.

2. Children create drawings about the village and construct a church.

H. Most of the children took part in creating an exhibition of drawings "My native village"

Expected results (for parents) Most parents participate with their children in search activities and excursions to the patronal feast villages.

Scientific and methodological. Scientific - methodological:

A selection of literary sources;

Internet resources;

Personnel 2. Personnel:

An initiative group of teachers, parents, children, the priest of the Church of the Icon of the Smolensk Mother of God, Priest Maxim Viklenko.

Logistics 3. Logistics – technical: laptop, ball, construction sets of various types, drawing paper, pencils, felt-tip pens.

Availability of multimedia and Internet access;

Difference between photo and video equipment. ;

Availability of reference and encyclopedic literature in the library

Stages project

Name of stage/terms Student/pupil Teacher parents

Diagnosis at the beginning project by survey.

View presentation about Saints Boris and Gleb,

1. Selection and analysis of archival documents.

2. Conducting a survey of old-timers villages.

Conversation “What do we know about our small homeland”

with the legend about the construction of the church,

- history of the village.

Examined the icons Boris and Gleb.

We watched a cartoon about Saints Boris and Gleb"Brothers"

Made drawings on the topic "My favorite village"

They constructed churches of different types.

1 day project.

Subject: Church history

Day 2 project

Subject: Saints Boris and Gleb.

Parents' participation in excursions to church.

Most parents are involved in joint research activities with their children.

Performance Indicators project

Quantitative 90% - children; 50% are parents.

Quality Start project: children -0%, parents -;0% Upon completion project:

Children 75%, parents 100%.

Follow-up work

1. Further study of Orthodox holidays.

2. Study of traditions and crafts of residents villages.

3. Learn about famous people villages.

Man and history in ancient Russian literature:

"The Tale of Boris and Gleb"

Literature is a testimony of life. It accompanies history in a huge stream, following on its heels in different eras. But a particularly close connection between literature and the historical process was observed in Ancient Rus'. At that time, works were rarely created on clearly fictional subjects. Fiction is a lie, and from a medieval point of view this is unacceptable.

The creations of ancient Russian authors are always attached to a specific historical event and historical person. This feature is present in a variety of genres - in stories about battles, about princely crimes, about trips to the Holy Land and about people - mainly about saints and prince-commanders. It is precisely these heroes that we will see in “The Tale of Boris and Gleb.” Written hundreds of years ago by an unknown author, this work has not lost its relevance for today’s reader. The eternal problems of duty and honor, loyalty and betrayal, brotherhood and civil strife are still important today. In addition, we will find out why the names of princes Boris and Gleb are so revered in Rus', why their history so often inspired ancient Russian authors to create new stories.

It is interesting that the creation of the cult of Boris and Gleb was not accidental and served two purposes. Firstly, the canonization of the first Russian saints raised the ecclesiastical authority of Rus' (primarily in the face of Byzantium), testified that Rus' was “honored before God” and was honored with its “holy saints.” Secondly, there was also an important political subtext: the state idea was affirmed that all Russian princes are brothers, but at the same time, the “conquest” of the younger princes by the “elders” was mandatory.

What historical events influenced the plot of “The Tale of Boris and Gleb”? In 1015, Prince of Kiev Vladimir I Svyatoslavich died. The throne was taken by one of his twelve sons - Svyatopolk, who, during his father’s lifetime, in alliance with the Polish king Boleslav I the Brave, tried to organize a conspiracy against him. Svyatopolk decides to eliminate the most dangerous rivals. On his secret order, Vladimir's sons Boris, Gleb and Svyatoslav were killed. The ruler of Novgorod, Vladimir’s son Yaroslav, later nicknamed the Wise, entered the struggle for the Kiev principality. As a result of a stubborn and lengthy struggle that lasted until 1019 and ended with the defeat and death of Svyatopolk, Yaroslav established himself on the Kiev table until his death in 1054.

But“The Tale of Boris and Gleb” is wider than the scope of the chronicle. It is written in the genre of hagiography - this is one of the main forms of church literature, depicting the feat of faith of a historical person or group of persons revered as saints. The origins of the lives lie in ancient times: in mythological stories about gods and heroes, in ancient genres of biography. However, above all, life is under the direct influence of the Gospel and the Acts of the Apostles. Here the standard of suffering for faith and Christ is set. The highest form of holiness becomes martyrdom. And it is the martyrdom of Boris and Gleb that becomes the center of the narrative in “The Tale.” They unquestioningly obeyed their elder brother Svyatopolk, honoring him as a father, but he used their brotherly obedience for evil. Therefore, the name of Svyatopolk the Accursed becomes a common noun for a villain throughout the ancient Russian literary tradition, and Boris and Gleb, who accepted the crown of martyrdom, are declared holy defenders of the Russian land.

Based on the features of the genre, the author strives to show the heroes as ideal Christians. However, when creating the image of this or that prince, the author reports a lot of historical information about the military exploits and successes of the heroes, about the attitude towards the squad, the people, feasts, outlines the general political picture of a given time, sometimes introduces elements of folk song epic, folk legends motives.

To create vivid images of princes, the author skillfully develops lyrical material and enhances the dramatic expressiveness of monologues and dialogues. Having learned about the death of his father, Boris utters a lament-monologue: “Woe is me, the light of my eyes, the radiance and dawn of my face... the instruction of my misunderstanding. Alas for me, my father and lord! To whom will I resort, to whom will I turn? Will I be able to be satisfied again with the good teaching and punishment of your mind? Woe to me, woe to me... »

Gleb’s cry is just as pathetic, but softer and more lyrical. In it one can hear the motifs of folk lamentations and lamentations: “Oh, alas for me, my lord! I cry and groan, grieve and grieve... Woe is me, woe is me! I cry tearfully for my father, but I especially suffer for you, my brother and master, Boris... “Addressing the murderers, Gleb prays to them: “Do not ruin my young life, do not cut off the unripened ear, do not cut the vine that is not fully grown, but fruitful.”

The author draws on many supporting quotations from biblical books, a rhetorical element, ecclesiastical lyrics (mainly prayers), and a final eulogy in eulogy. A wide variety of stylistic devices, rhetorical questions and appeals to saints in various heightened intonation forms are used here: “You are heavenly people, earthly angels, pillars and affirmation of our land.” The author expands his praise, turning first to the tomb of the saints, then to the church where they are buried, to Vyshgorod, where this church is located, and finally ends the “Tale” with a lyrical prayer appeal. The author calls Boris and Gleb “the visor of the Russian land,” a double-edged sword that defeats “the filthy insolence,” that is, the invasion of nomads.

So, “The Tale of Boris and Gleb” is the most interesting and literaryly perfect monument of ancient Russian literature, it is an entertaining historical and hagiographic story, written in a clear, figurative, flexible language. “Deeds of Bygone Days” seemed to come to life under the pen of the ancient Russian author, forcing one to sympathize and empathize with the heroes; the distant became close and understandable. Reading this work, we learned why the spiritual feat of Saints Boris and Gleb is so revered in Rus', we felt our involvement in the history of our native land and pride in its glorious sons.

QUESTIONS AND TASKS for the text being studied:

Using vocabulary and reference material, find out how the genre of hagiography is defined and how it is characterized, what its composition and style are.

Do the following artistic techniques belong to hagiography as a genre: three-part composition, a solemnly upbeat style combined with a factual narrative about life, a strictly defined image of the hero (“villain”, “saint”), as well as an image of the hero close to icon painting?

Show specific examples of the genre features of “The Life of Boris and Gleb.” Find out its connections with oral folk art.

Briefly retell the content of the work, preserving its style and conveying the author’s attitude to what is depicted.

How is the life connected with the idea of condemning the fratricidal feuds of princes and the patriotic idea of the “great Russian country”?

Compare its plot with the story of the blinding of Vasilko Terebovlsky. What general ideas are the authors concerned with? Why does the chronicle describe them in such detail?

What expression does “the world of light and goodness” find in the work?

How is the aura of Boris' holiness created? Why can we say about him that he is a saint?

What human traits are inherent in his appearance? Follow through the text examples of the manifestation of Boris's living human feelings.

What place does the motif of tears occupy in Boris’ characterization? Support with words from the text.

What distinguishes Gleb from Boris? What features of his character does the author emphasize?

How is the dramatic situation developing around the young prince?

Retell the scene of Gleb's murder.

What means does the author use to reveal the inner world of the characters (monologues, laments, prayers and other artistic means)?

Read the praise for Boris and Gleb. What role do these saints play, according to the author, what did they do for the Russian land?

What place does the idea of unity and protection of the Russian land occupy in this glorification?

Why were historical figures canonized?

In what other monuments of ancient Russian literature and for what purpose was the hagiographic story about Boris and Gleb included?