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Every year in the world, as a result of road traffic accidents (RTA), about 1.3 million people die, 8 million people become disabled. Every day in Russia, more than 400 road accidents occur, more than 80 people die in them, and about 500 people are injured. An accident is an event that occurred with the participation of at least one motor vehicle in motion, resulting in the death or injury of people, damage to vehicles, structures, cargo or other material damage. An average of 30 thousand Russians die in Russia every year. 200 thousand people become disabled.
Road accidents involving special vehicles that transport large quantities of flammable, explosive, and radioactive cargo are extremely dangerous. Road accidents involving special vehicles that transport large quantities of flammable, explosive, and radioactive cargo are extremely dangerous. release of toxic substances into the environment. contamination of large areas, death and injury of a large number of people. Such accidents lead to:
Their interaction on the roads is regulated by the Law of the Russian Federation “On Road Traffic Safety”, adopted in December 1995. The law establishes the responsibilities and rights of citizens to ensure road safety. The law provides for mandatory training of citizens in the rules of safe behavior on the roads.
ROAD RULES are a fundamental document. All road users must strictly comply with their requirements. Most often, schoolchildren act as pedestrians. In order to reduce the number of accidents and injuries among schoolchildren to a minimum, it is necessary to follow the following road safety rules.
Red traffic light signal PROHIBITING Yellow traffic light signal WARNING Green traffic light signal PERMISSIBLE To ensure traffic and regulate it, pedestrian paths, landing areas, road markings, fences, traffic controllers, road signs, traffic lights are used to ensure the movement of pedestrians and regulate it, traffic lights with two-color signaling are used. The red silhouette of a standing person prohibits passage, the green silhouette “ the person walking is allowed to pass. A flashing green traffic light indicates that the permitted time for crossing is about to expire.
In order to minimize the number of accidents and injuries among pedestrians - schoolchildren, it is necessary to follow the following rules of road safety. Before crossing the road, you must carefully inspect the roadway. It is unacceptable to cross the roadway by running, since while running the gaze is directed forward and the person cannot control the situation around him. You cannot be distracted by conversations when crossing the road, or look back. You need to be collected and attentive. Assess the degree of danger before going out on the road. Be extremely careful on the road in adverse weather conditions and poor visibility. Most often, schoolchildren act as pedestrians.
Responsibilities of schoolchildren passengers. Waiting for a route vehicle or taxi is allowed only on landing platforms raised above the roadway, and if there are none, on the sidewalk or side of the road. At stopping points that are not equipped with raised platforms, it is allowed to enter the roadway to board a vehicle only after it has stopped. After disembarking, it is necessary to clear the roadway without delay. Failure to comply with the above requirements may cause an accident.
Traffic rules for cyclists According to the “Rules of the Road” (Article 2.3 of the Rules of the Road as amended in 1996, as amended - the latest from the year) A bicycle is a non-motorized vehicle. Persons are allowed to ride all types of bicycles on streets and highways. What cyclists are “allowed” to: Ride on the side of the road; Ride on the side of the road; Tow a trailer (but only one that is designed to be towed by a bicycle); Tow a trailer (but only one that is designed to be towed by a bicycle); Carry cargo (but so that it does not interfere with control and does not protrude more than half a meter beyond the dimensions in length or width).Carry cargo (but so that it does not interfere with control and does not protrude more than half a meter beyond the dimensions in length or width). What cyclists “need”: Move in the far right lane in one row and as far to the right as possible; If you are riding in a group, you must divide into groups of 10 cyclists (the distance between groups should be m); Cross the road on foot if you need to turn left or turn around on a road where there is more than one lane in each direction or there is a tram track. at least 14 years old.
What is prohibited on a bicycle! Ride without holding the handlebars with your hands, racing, clinging to moving vehicles or another cyclist; Carry passengers, except a child under 7 years old, on a special seat with footrests; Turn left or turn around on a road where there is more than one lane in each direction or there is a tram track; Ride on the road when there is a bicycle path marked with a 4.5 sign nearby; Drive under the sign 3.1 “No Entry”, 3.2 “No Traffic”, 3.9 “No Bicycles”, 4.4 “Car Traffic”, 5.1 “Motorway”, 5.3 “Road for Cars”; Drive along sidewalks and pedestrian paths in gardens and parks; Move along the streets and roads, teaching and learning how to ride a bicycle.
Bicycle and car At intersections, a car moving on a secondary road must yield to a bicycle moving on the main road. 1 A car turning right must give way to a cyclist driving straight ahead on the same road next to it. 2 At an unregulated intersection of a bicycle path with a road located outside the intersection, bicycle drivers must give way to vehicles moving on this road. 3 At signalized intersections, cyclists must obey the signals of special bicycle traffic lights or the signals of regular traffic lights. 4 You need to signal a turn in the following way: extend your straight arm in the direction of the turn or extend your arm bent at the elbow in the direction opposite to the direction of the turn. 5 The intention to stop is signaled by raising either arm straight up. 6
The higher the speed, the more likely an accident will occur, and the more severe the consequences. The speed at which a cyclist travels on the road should be based on actual conditions and ensure safety in the event of an emergency. The cyclist must take into account! To survive an accident, follow these rules. Maintain your composure. Quickly group yourself, lie on the floor or on a seat, protect your head with your hands, tense your muscles. Leave the car only after it has come to a complete stop. Do not leave your vehicle while driving due to the high risk of injury or death. After an accident, quickly assess the situation, the position of the vehicle, and the presence of real danger factors. Try to get out of the car yourself and help all victims leave the car. If it is impossible to do this, do not make sudden movements, take an optimal position, call for help, wait for rescuers. Leave the car through doors, windows, hatches. If glass is in your way, you need to break it. Move a safe distance from the emergency site. Provide self-help and first aid to victims. If a fire occurs, try to extinguish the fire using available means or call specialists. If your car falls into water, try to get out of it before it is completely submerged.
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Slide captions:
ROAD SAFETY St. Petersburg 2013
Contents General provisions Drivers are prohibited Responsibilities of pedestrians Warning signs Prohibition signs References
These Traffic Rules establish a uniform traffic procedure throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation. Other regulations relating to road traffic must be based on the requirements of the Rules and not contradict them. Road users are required to know and comply with the relevant requirements of the Rules, traffic lights, signs and markings, as well as comply with the orders of traffic controllers acting within the limits of the rights granted to them and regulating traffic with established signals.
Right-hand traffic for vehicles is established on the roads. Road users must act in such a way as not to create a traffic hazard or cause harm. It is prohibited to damage or pollute road surfaces, remove, block, damage, or unauthorizedly install road signs, traffic lights and other technical means of traffic management, or leave objects on the road that interfere with traffic. The person who created the obstacle is obliged to take all possible measures to eliminate it, and if this is not possible, then by available means ensure that traffic participants are informed about the danger and inform the police. Persons who violate the Rules are liable in accordance with current legislation.
drive a vehicle while intoxicated (alcohol, drugs or other), under the influence of medications that impair reaction and attention, in a sick or tired state that jeopardizes traffic safety; cross organized (including foot) columns and take place in them. transfer control of a vehicle to persons who are intoxicated, under the influence of medications that impair reaction and attention, in a sick or tired state, as well as to persons who do not have a driver’s license;
consume alcoholic beverages, narcotic, psychotropic or other intoxicating substances after a traffic accident in which he is involved, or after the vehicle was stopped at the request of a police officer, before an examination to establish the state of intoxication or before a decision on release is made from carrying out such an examination.
If there are no sidewalks, pedestrian paths or shoulders, and if it is impossible to move along them, pedestrians can move along a bicycle path or walk in a single row along the edge of the roadway (on roads with a dividing strip - along the outer edge of the roadway). When walking along the edge of the roadway, pedestrians must walk towards the movement of vehicles. Persons moving in wheelchairs without a motor, driving a motorcycle, moped, or bicycle, in these cases must follow the direction of travel of the vehicles. When driving along the side of the road or the edge of the roadway in the dark or in conditions of insufficient visibility, pedestrians are recommended to carry objects with reflective elements and ensure that these objects are visible to vehicle drivers.
“Road traffic” is a set of social relations that arise in the process of moving people and goods with or without vehicles within the boundaries of roads. (paragraph introduced by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2001 N 67)
The driver must drive the vehicle at a speed not exceeding the established limit, taking into account the intensity of traffic, the characteristics and condition of the vehicle and cargo, road and meteorological conditions, in particular, visibility in the direction of travel. If a traffic hazard arises that the driver is able to detect, he must take possible measures to reduce the speed until the vehicle stops.
The driver is prohibited from: exceeding the maximum speed determined by the technical characteristics of the vehicle; exceed the speed indicated on the “Speed Limit” identification sign installed on the vehicle; interfere with other vehicles by driving unnecessarily at too low a speed; Brake sharply unless necessary to prevent a traffic accident. use while driving a telephone that is not equipped with a technical device that allows hands-free conversations.
Pedestrians must cross the roadway at pedestrian crossings, including underground and overground ones, and in their absence, at intersections along sidewalks or roadsides. If there is no crossing or intersection in the visibility zone, it is allowed to cross the road at right angles to the edge of the roadway in areas without a dividing strip and fences where it is clearly visible in both directions. It is allowed to wait for a route vehicle and a taxi only on landing platforms raised above the roadway, and if there are none, on the sidewalk or side of the road. In stopping places for route vehicles that are not equipped with raised landing platforms, it is allowed to enter the roadway to board the vehicle only after it has stopped. After disembarking, it is necessary to clear the roadway without delay.
Danger to traffic" is a situation that has arisen during road traffic, in which continued movement in the same direction and at the same speed creates a threat of a traffic accident. (paragraph introduced by Government Decree
Multi-track Two-way traffic Slippery road Exit to the embankment Railway Children Steep descent Dangerous shoulder Railway crossing Rough road Drawbridge Other dangers without a barrier
Parking prohibited stopping prohibited overtaking prohibited Entry prohibited pedestrian movement prohibited Sound signal prohibited
Violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation on road safety entails disciplinary, administrative, criminal and other liability in accordance with the established procedure.
References 1. Traffic rules (from 2012) 2. Textbook on traffic rules. 9th grade. 3. Methodological developments for teaching P.D.D. 4. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation N 67 dated 01/26/01. 5. http://www.gai.ru 6.http;//www.qai.ru/dtp/event324.htm 7.nhttplaw.rambler.rulibrarynor 8.http;//www.znakcomplect.ru/road signs. php
Danilova Olga Valerievna, teacher-organizer of life safety at the Municipal Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 18”, Elektrostal, Moscow Region.
Slide 2
Slide 3
What kind of vehicle traffic is established in the Russian Federation?
A. Right-handed
b. Left-handed
V. In both directions
Slide 4
What is a crossroads?
A. The place of intersection, junction or fork of roads at the same level, limited by imaginary lines connecting respectively the opposite, most distant from the center of the intersection, beginnings of curvatures of roadways
b. Departures from surrounding areas
Slide 5
What is the main road?
A. A road on which the right of way at unregulated intersections is granted
b. A road with a hard surface (asphalt, etc.) in relation to a dirt road
V. Both of the above definitions
Slide 6
What is a sidewalk?
A. A road element intended for the movement of trackless vehicles
b. An element of the road intended for pedestrian traffic and adjacent to the roadway or separated from it by a lawn
V. A road element intended for the movement of route vehicles
Slide 7
What vehicle is called a route vehicle?
A. A vehicle other than a moped that is propelled by an engine
b. A device designed to transport on roads people, goods or equipment installed on it
V. A public vehicle (bus, trolleybus, tram) intended for transporting people on roads and moving along a set route with designated stopping places
Slide 8
Which lane of the road should cyclists ride on?
A. Along the one with the least traffic
b. On the far right
V. On the far left
Slide 9
In which picture do the cars not violate traffic rules?
A. On the left picture
b. On the right picture
V. In both pictures
Slide 10
Can a pedestrian walk on a motorway?
b. Yes, only in the leftmost lane
Slide 11
Who can start moving first (the light is red for cars)?
A. Green car
b. A pedestrian
V. Blue car
Slide 12
Can the driver of a red car enter a pedestrian crossing if there is a traffic jam behind it?
V. Yes, if there are no pedestrians at the crossing
Slide 13
Can you, as the driver of a blue car, start moving?
A. Yes, in all directions
b. Yes, just straight
Slide 14
A. Yes, in all directions
b. Yes, just to the right
Slide 15
A. Yes, in all directions
b. Yes, just to the right
Slide 16
A. Yes, in all directions
b. Yes, just to the right
Slide 17
A. Yes, in all directions
b. Yes, just straight and to the right
Slide 18
Where should groups of children move?
A. Only on sidewalks and pedestrian paths, and in their absence - along the sides
b. Only on sidewalks
V. Only on footpaths
Slide 19
Where is the passenger required to board and disembark from the vehicle?
A. Anywhere
b. From the sidewalk or curb and only after the vehicle has come to a complete stop
V. From the roadway
Slide 20
Can children under 12 years of age ride on the back of a motorcycle?
V. They can, but only with the use of special child restraints
Slide 21
Who should a driver give way to when entering the road from the adjacent territory?
A. Vehicles and pedestrians moving along it
b. Only for pedestrians moving along it
V. Has advantages over vehicles moving along it
Slide 22
What is the driver involved in an accident required to do?
A. Continue driving
b. Stop the vehicle, turn on the hazard warning lights and display a warning triangle
MBOU "Gymnasium No. 5 of Sergiev Posad"
Demin Gleb.
Head: life safety teacher
Ryabichenko Liliya Vladimirovna
Every year in Russia, an average of 30 thousand Russians die.
200 thousand people become disabled .
Every year in the world as a result of road traffic accidents (RTA) about 1.3 million people die,
8 million people become disabled
Every day in Russia there are more than 400 accidents,
more than 80 people die in them,
About 500 people are injured.
Since the beginning of 2017, 7,945 road accidents have occurred in the Moscow region, in which more than 850 people were killed and over 9,000 were injured of varying severity.
- Every seventh road accident in Russia occurs with the participation of school-age children.
- Every tenth person injured in a road accident is a child under 16 years of age.
- About 60% of injuries are the result of a person hitting the roadway.
- TRAFFIC LAWS are the fundamental document.
- All road users must strictly comply with their requirements.
- Most often, schoolchildren act as pedestrians.
- In order to reduce the number of road accidents and injuries among schoolchildren to a minimum, It is necessary to follow road safety rules.
DRIVER PASSENGER PEDESTRIAN
To organize traffic and regulate it, they are used :
road signs
traffic lights
traffic controllers
marking
pedestrian paths
landing areas
dividing strip
To ensure safe movement pedestrians and its regulation, traffic lights with two-color signaling are used
A flashing green traffic light indicates that the permitted time for crossing is about to expire.
The red silhouette of a standing person prohibits passage, the green silhouette of a “walking” person allows passage
Red traffic light PROHIBITED
Yellow traffic light WARNING
Green traffic light PERMISSIONING
Responsibilities of a pedestrian
In order to minimize the number of accidents and injuries among pedestrians - schoolchildren, it is necessary to follow the following rules of road safety:
1. Before crossing the road, you must carefully inspect the roadway.
2. You need to be collected and attentive.
3. It is unacceptable to cross the roadway by running, since while running the gaze is directed forward and the person cannot control the situation around him.
4.Assess the degree of danger before going out on the road.
7. Be extremely careful on the road in adverse weather conditions and poor visibility.
6. You cannot be distracted by conversations when crossing the road, or look back.
A well-mannered pedestrian will never run out onto the road, even if it is a crossing point. He will walk calmly, because for a driver a person jumping onto the road is always a surprise, and it is unknown whether the driver will be able to react quickly.
It is dangerous to play near the road: riding a bicycle in summer or sledding in winter.
Currently, we are seeing that more and more children, walking down the street, listen to music while wearing headphones. This is very distracting - the child does not hear what is happening around him, and he may not hear the approaching vehicle or the driver's signal. Another problem, both for drivers and pedestrians, is talking on a mobile phone. While talking on the phone, a person is distracted, and the driver may not notice the pedestrian, and the pedestrian may not notice the car.
- Waiting for a route vehicle or taxi is allowed only at landing platforms (stops) raised above the roadway, and if there are none, on the sidewalk or side of the road.
- At stopping points that are not equipped with raised platforms, it is allowed to enter the roadway to board a vehicle only after it has completely stopped.
- After disembarking, it is necessary to clear the roadway without delay.
Failure to comply with the above requirements may cause an accident.
A bicycle is a dangerous vehicle:
- The main injuries to cyclists are:
- Drive a bike only in closed areas: in courtyards, crayfish, stadiums.
- On the sidewalks only for children on children's bicycles.
- Check the technical condition of the bicycle daily.
- Ride only on those roads where there is a special sign in a blue circle “Bicycle path” - belongs to the group of permitting signs.
- When moving along the road, a cyclist must carefully monitor all signals given by drivers of other vehicles. The cyclist himself signals with his hands. Raise your hand before braking.
- If you need to cross the road, get off your bike, holding it by the handlebars, and walk through the pedestrian crossing.
- The bicycle driver is prohibited
- Until the age of 14, you cannot ride a bicycle on roads and streets.
- Organize races on the road, a racing game.
- Operating a bicycle if there are technical faults.
- Towing bicycles or mopeds.
- In any place on the streets and roads, the bicycle driver is obliged to give way to pedestrians.
- Carry a load that protrudes 0.5 meters along the length and width of the bicycle.
- Do not ride a bicycle holding the handlebars with one hand or without hands.
- STRICTLY PROHIBITED cling to passing traffic!
- Get in the car - buckle up!
According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, every child under 12 years of age must ride in a special car seat that allows the child to be fastened using seat belts.
The main task of a car seat is to ensure the safety of the child during a traffic accident, emergency braking or sudden maneuvers. Its necessity is quite obvious - a child car seat reduces the likelihood of fatal injury.
According to the World Health Organization, the use of child restraints in vehicles can reduce infant mortality by 71% , and among older children - by 54% .
Observe
Traffic Laws!
2 Most often in peacetime, people die on the roads. Every year in our country thousands of people die in road accidents and 180 thousand are injured. The number of cars in our country is growing at such a rapid pace that road workers and city planners do not have time to reconstruct old streets and road networks into safer highways with increased security for both pedestrians and drivers. Cars often travel at high speeds with minimal intervals, creating dense, difficult to overcome flows that are dangerous for people.
3 But what measures should be taken? First of all, each of us must understand the dangers of the roads and become more attentive, and most importantly, we all must know the rules of the road, which I will try to tell you as much as possible in the following slides! But what measures should be taken? First of all, each of us must understand the dangers of the roads and become more attentive, and most importantly, we all must know the rules of the road, which I will try to tell you as much as possible in the following slides!
5 Pedestrians must cross the roadway at pedestrian crossings, including underground and above-ground ones, and in their absence, at intersections along sidewalks or roadsides. If there is no crossing or crossing in the visibility zone, it is allowed to cross the road at right angles to the edge of the roadway in areas without a dividing strip and fences where it is clearly visible in both directions.
6 Before crossing the roadway, you need to stop, without stepping on the curb, at the edge of the sidewalk. Before entering the roadway, be sure to assess the situation on the roadway. This can be done if the view of the road is not obstructed by standing vehicles or other obstacles.
7 There is one most important physical property of all types of transport. Remember it: no vehicle that has picked up speed can stop immediately, but will continue to move for some time by inertia. Braking distances will vary in different weather conditions. For example, when a car is moving at a speed of 60 km/h on a snowy, frosty day, the braking distance will be 70 m.
8 The pedestrian is an equal participant in the traffic, just like the driver. The actions of a pedestrian who violates traffic rules often lead to no less serious consequences than violations by the driver. Of all the traffic rules, only 8 directly relate to pedestrians. And although they are simple and accessible, there are more violators among pedestrians than among drivers. The main cause of most tragedies is the indiscipline of pedestrians and deliberate violation of rules. The main cause of most tragedies is the indiscipline of pedestrians and deliberate violation of rules.
12 Passengers are prohibited from: Distracting the driver from driving the vehicle while it is moving; Open the doors of the vehicle while it is moving; While in the cabin, lean against the doors, as they may suddenly open; Prevent doors from closing.
14 The driver is prohibited from: 1. Driving himself or transferring control of the vehicle to other persons who are intoxicated (alcohol, drugs or other), under the influence of medications that impair reaction and attention, in a painful or tired state. 2.Cross and take places in organized (including on foot) columns. 3.Driving a vehicle in violation of the work and rest schedule. 4. Use a telephone while driving that is not equipped with a technical device that allows you to negotiate hands-free.
15 The world's first traffic accident involving a mechanical vehicle, which we would call a collision, should probably be considered the disaster that occurred on October 6, 1804 on the territory of the Paris Arsenal, when the “steam cart” of engineer Cugnot was being tested here. They began to take care of traffic safety on the road and build the roads themselves at the same time.
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