Monday in German. Time indication - Zeitangaben

In this lesson we will cover an important topic related to the year in German. First of all, let's get acquainted with the main words:
das Jahr- year
der Monat- month
die Woche- a week
der Tag- day

As you can see the genus German words in almost every case it coincided with Russian, except for the word "year". It will not be difficult to remember it.

Seasons

Names of all seasons (die Jahreszeiten)- male:
der Winter- winter
der Frühling- Spring
der Sommer- summer
der Herbst- autumn

If you want to say that an event happened in spring, winter, summer or autumn, you need an excuse in which merges with the article into a new preposition im for example: im Herbst.

Months

Months in German are also masculine:
der Januar- January
der Februar- February
der März- March
der April- April
der Mai- May
der Juni- June
der Juli- July
der August- August
der September- September
der Oktober- October
der November- November
der Dezember- December

The same thing happens with months as with the seasons: if it is necessary to answer the question "when?", Use the preposition im, for example: im Oktober. The word does not receive any additional endings.

Days of the week

There are some peculiarities in the names of the days of the week: for example, there are two words to designate Saturday, one of them (Sonnabend) used in northern Germany, other (Samstag)- on South. And "Wednesday" is the only day of the week without the word "day" in its name:

der Montag Monday
der Dienstag Tuesday
der Mittwoch Wednesday
der Donnerstag Thursday
der Freitag Friday
der Sonnabend / der Samstag Saturday
der Sonntag Sunday
das Wochenende weekends

Remember: the names of all days of the week are pronounced with an emphasis on the first syllable. And when answering the question "When?" (Wann?) With the day of the week you need an excuse am: am Montag.

If you want to talk about an action that is repeated on certain days, the preposition is not needed at all, and the end is added to the name of the week "S"... For example: Sonntags gehen wir ins Kino. Wherein sonntags is an adverb, and will be written with a lowercase letter in the middle of a sentence.

When specifying the gap, use the prepositions von and bis... In this case, the articles are not needed: Ich arbeite von Montag bis Freitag.

Times of Day

The names of the time of day are also almost all masculine:
der Morgen- morning
der Mittag- day; noon
der Abend- evening
But: die Nacht- night

The same principle applies to the names of the times of the day as to the days of the week - use the preposition am:
am Morgen
am Mittag
BUT: in der Nacht

Another difference is the use of the preposition with the words noon and midnight:
am Mittag- on midday
um Mitternacht- at midnight

When indicating periodicity, also use the ending "S":
mittags- in the afternoon
abends- in the evening, in the evenings
nachts- at night, at night

Also notice the following expressions:
Anfang August- at the beginning of August
Mitte Juni- in mid-June
Ende januar- in the end of January
Anfang, Mitte, Ende des Jahres- at the beginning, in the middle, at the end of the year
Mitte Sommer- in the middle of summer

Important! To indicate the time, words such as are also needed:
heute- today
gestern- yesterday
morgen- tomorrow
übermorgen- day after tomorrow

These words will help tell you "tonight" or "yesterday morning": heute Morgen, gestern Abend. And to say "tomorrow morning", use the phrase morgen früh.

Remember everything? Check out the exercises!

Lesson assignments

Exercise 1. Use the right preposition.
1.… Sommer 2.… der Nacht 3.… Morgen 4.… Mitternacht 5.… April 6.… Winter 7.… Samstag 8.… Dienstag…. Sonntag 9.… September 10.… Mittag

Exercise 2. Translate into German.
1. We watched TV last night. 2. She works on Mondays, Thursdays and Fridays. 3. In the spring we will go to Germany. 4. The day after tomorrow I will buy a car. 5. On Wednesday I go to the theater. 6. Call (anrufen) me tomorrow morning. 7. At the end of December, he will take an exam (eine Prüfung bestehen). 8. It's her birthday in January. 9. On weekends, he is often cleaned (aufräumen). 10. At the beginning of the year we have a vacation (Urlaub).

Exercise 1.
1.im 2.in 3.am 4.um 5.im 6.im 7.am 8.von… bis 9.im 10.am

Exercise 2.
1. Gestern sahen wir fern. 2. Sie arbeitet montags, donnerstags und freitags. 3. Im Frühling fahren wir nach Deutschland. 4. Übermorgen kaufe ich ein Auto. 5. Am Mittwoch gehe ich ins Theater. 6. Rufe mich morgen früh an. 7. Ende Dezember besteht sie eine Prüfung. 8. Im Januar hat sie den Geburtstag. 9. Am Wochenende räumt er auf. 10. Anfang des Jahres haben wir Urlaub.

Greetings to lovers again foreign languages, in particular German. For a long time there were no German selections and now I decided to please, and maybe upset some readers site. Basic vocabulary of the German language- this is probably the most important aspect for all beginner learners.

At the moment, I'm trying to break down all the important German vocabulary in sections by topic, because I consider this method of study to be more productive and effective. Honestly, I don’t know what proportion of site visitors is greater: or, but if you think logically, it’s probably English :), because it’s not like that and educational portal for world languages. This does not prevent me from creating dictionaries, because German is just the language that I still need to learn for a long time and productively.

Today I invite you to familiarize yourself with names of days of the week in German plus other important words on the topic. As always, you will get different dictionary formats - both in regular document and in Lingvo Tutor format. The correct article in front of the word is also an important point in learning German, but you don't need to worry here, because there is always an article before any day of the week in German DER.

I also prepared other similar vocabulary (all of this is in the same dictionary), which is quite often overlooked when studying the days of the week. Words like gestern, heute, morgen, übermorgen should always be in your memory. Someone will say that these are elementary words, but sorry, not everything is here "Advanced" speakers of the German language. I wish you good luck in your study and patience with everything.

Learned words "days of the week" in German with translation:

der Montag- Monday
der Dienstag- Tuesday
der Mittwoch- Wednesday
der Donnerstag- Thursday
der Freitag- Friday
der Samstag / der Sonnabend- Saturday
der Sontag- Sunday
das Jahr- year
der Monat- month
die Woche- a week
der Tag- day
die Wochentage- days of the week
das Wochenende- weekends
der Feiertag- day off due to a holiday
vorgestern- the day before yesterday
gestern- yesterday
heute- today
morgen- tomorrow
übermorgen- day after tomorrow

You should start learning any language with the basics. If you miss something important at the beginning, then difficulties will arise that will prevent you from moving forward. For example, if you do not properly master the pronunciation, then oral speech will be little understandable. Without excellent knowledge of grammar, it will not be possible to write even the simplest letter.

A basic set of words will help you navigate in a conversation with strangers in a country where the main language is German. Learn a new subject on the steps, do not run ahead - this way you will master it one hundred percent.

Days of the week

All days of the week in German are masculine and the article der... Every word has an ending - tag:

Monday: Montag
vtonik: Dienstag (dienstag);
Wednesday: Mittwoch
Thursday: Donnerstag
Friday: Freitag;
Saturday: Samstag / Sonnabend
Sunday: Sonntag (umbrella).

Saturday has two options for translation and pronunciation. The first one is more formal and is used more often.

The easiest to memorize is the day of the week Wednesday - it literally translates to "middle of the week" - Mitte der Woche = der Mittwoch.

As part of sentences, the days of the week are used together with the preposition am... For example: Am Montag besuchte ich meinen Vater - "I visited my father on Monday." Am Donnerstag ging Helga zum Arzt - "Olga went to the doctor on Thursday."

Some actions can be permanent - they are expressed using the day of the week, expressed in plural and without a pretext. For example: For example, Ich treibe Montags und Freitags Sport - "I train on Mondays and Fridays."

A certain time period is emphasized with the help of the construction von ... bis. The articles are also omitted here: Ich war in Moskau von Mittwoch bis Sonntag - “I was in Moscow from Wednesday to Sunday”. Wirst du bist daheim von 5 bis 7 morgen? - "Will you be home tomorrow from 5 to 7"?

How can a child quickly learn the days of the week?

Most acceptable for children game form memorizing one or another section of the German language. In order to quickly remember the days of the week, you can learn a funny counting rhyme with your baby:

Am Sonntag scheint die Sonne.
Am Montag trifft er Herrn Mon.
Am Dienstag hat er Dienst.
Am Mittwoch ist Mitte der Woche.
Am Donnerstag donnert es.
Am Freitag hat er frei.
Und am Samstag kommt das Sams.

“The sun is shining on Sunday.
On Monday he will meet Mr. Mona (Ponedelkus).
On Tuesday to his service.
Wednesday - midweek.
Thunder is thunder on Thursday
He is free on Friday.
And (then) Sams (Subastic) will come on Saturday. "

In this simple poem you will find new words:

scheinen / schien / geschienen - to shine, to shine;
die Sonne - sun;
treffen / traf / getroffen - meet;
der Dienst / die Dienste - service;
die Mitte / die Mitten - middle;
donnern / donnerte / gedonnert - thunder;
es donnert - thunder roars;
frei - free;
kommen / kam / gekommen - to come.

If the kid learns German at school or with a private teacher, he will probably be asked to learn this counting rhyme. The task of the parents is to support the baby and be sure to praise when he tells it correctly.

Related words

A few more basic words can be attributed to the topic of the week and its days:

day: der Tag (der Tag);
week: die Woche (di Vohe);
days of the week: die Wochentage (di Vohentage);
day of the week: der Wochentag;
the day before yesterday: vorgestern (forgestern);
yesterday: gestern (guestern);
today: heute (hoyte);
tomorrow: morgen (morgen);
the day after tomorrow: übermorgen (ubermorgen);
das Wochenende - weekend;
der Feiertag - day off because of the holiday.

The vocabulary of every beginner should include such constructions:

am Montag abend - Monday night (am montag abend);
alle Montage - every Monday (alle Montage);
montags - on Mondays;
den ganzen Montag hat es geregnet - it rained all Monday (der ganzen montag hat ez geregnet);
die Nacht vom Montag zum Dienstag - night from Monday to Tuesday (di nacht vom montag zum dienstag);
eines schönen Montags - one fine Monday, one Monday (aines schönen montags).

Using associative memory

By knowing all these words and phrases, you can begin to learn how to take part in simple conversations with a clear pronunciation of each sound. It is important not to forget about the exact pronunciation, which is recommended to be practiced by repeating the words after the speaker several times.

Learning the days of the week one after another, like a poem, can seem boring. Use fun flashcards to diversify your teaching techniques. On one side, you can place the name of the day of the week in Russian and a characteristic picture. It will help you use memory that is based on associations. On the other side, a hint will be written - how the day of the week is written in German. You can first learn how the Russian days of the week will be pronounced and written in German, and then vice versa.

The German labor week, like the Russian one, starts on Monday.

der Montag (Mo.) - Monday
der Dienstag (Di.) - Tuesday
der Mittwoch (Mi.) - Wednesday
der Donnerstag (Do.) - Thursday
der Freitag (Fr.) - Friday
der Sonnabend, Samstag (Sa.) - Saturday
der Sonnabend (So.) - Sunday

To indicate events that occur on a particular day of the week, the preposition is used am (an + dem):

am Dienstag, am Mittwoch ... usw.- on Tuesday, Wednesday, etc.

montags, dienstags ... usw. - (usually) Mondays, Tuesdays, etc.

Tag und Nacht - day

der Tag (-es, -e) - day
die Nacht (=, Nächte) - night
der Morgen (-s, =) - morning
der Vormittag (-s, -e) - 1st half of the day
der Mittag - lunch
der Nachmittag - 2nd half of the day
der Abend (-s, -e) - evening

am Tag, am Abend, am Morgen usw. - usually in the morning, evening, etc.

Exception: in der Nacht - at night

To more accurately indicate the time of day, time adverbs are used:

morgens - in the morning, in the morning
mittags - at lunchtime, afternoon
nachts - at night, at night
dienstags - Tuesday, Tuesday, etc.

It is now 4 pm (not morning). - Es ist 4 Uhr nachmittags.

After lunch (every day) I meet with friends. - Nachmittags treffe ich mich mit meinen Freunden.

My favorite TV show is shown in the evenings at 6 o'clock. - Meine Lieblingsserie läuft abends um 6 Uhr.

The organic store is open on Tuesdays and Fridays until 6 pm. - Der Bioladen hat dienstags und freitags bis 6 Uhr abends auf.

wann? - when?

vorgestern ← gestern ← heute → morgen → übermorgen
the day before yesterday ← yesterday ← today → tomorrow → the day after tomorrow

gestern früh / morgen - yesterday morning
gestern vormittag - yesterday before lunch
gestern mittag - yesterday afternoon (lunchtime)
gestern nachmittag - yesterday afternoon
gestern abend - last night
gestern nacht - last night

similarly: heute, morgen, etc. are used instead of gestern.

Monate - months

der Monat (-s, -e) - month

der Januar, der Februar, der März, der April, der Mai, der Juni (Juno *), der Juli (Julei *), der Augúst, der September, der Oktober, der November, der Dezember

* Usually used in telephone conversations to avoid misunderstandings.

der Anfang - the beginning
die Mitte - middle
das Ende - end

im Januar, im April usw. - in January, in April, etc.

Anfang Dezember - early December
Mitte August - mid-August
Ende Mai - late May

Uhrzeit - time

An impersonal pronoun is used to tell about the exact time es replacing the subject.

Es ist 3 Uhr.
It's 3 o'clock now.

In Moskau ist es jetzt 5 Uhr nachmittags, in Deutschland ist es erst 3 Uhr.

Wie spät ist es? - What time is it now?
Es ist 8 Uhr. (or: Es ist punkt 8). - 8 ocloc'k.
die Uhr (=, -en) - 1) clock (mechanism); 2) hour (point in time)
die Stunde (=, -n) - 1) hour (length of time); 2) lesson
die Minute (=, -n) - minute
die Sekunde (=, -n) - second
Die Uhr geht richtig. - The clock is running correctly.
... geht vor. -… in a hurry.
... geht nach. - … behind.

Not to be confused German nouns Uhr and Stunde, which are translated into Russian in the same way as "hour"... Compare:

Es ist 3 Uhr... Ich habe noch Zeit.
Now 3 hours... I still have time.

Ich habe noch 2 Stunden, dann muss ich gehen.
I still have two hours then I have to go.

Die uhr also used in the meaning "watch":

An der Wand hängt eine Kuckucks uhr.
There is a cuckoo clock on the wall.

Ich habe eine neue Armband uhr.
I have a new wristwatch.

Es ist 4 Uhr (Es ist punkt 4) Es ist halb 5 (Es ist 4.30 Uhr) Es ist Viertel 11. Es ist 15 Minuten nach 10 (Es ist 10.15 Uhr) Es ist 5 Minuten nach 4 (colloquial). Es ist 16.05 Uhr (official version) Es ist 5 Minuten vor 4. Es ist 15.55 Uhr Es ist 5 Minuten vor halb 4 Es ist 15.25 Uhr Es ist Dreiviertel zwei. Es ist Viertel vor zwei (Es ist 13.45 Uhr) Es ist 5 Minuten nach halb 4. Es ist 15.35 Uhr

Wann steht Familie Müller auf?
Familie Müller steht um 5 Uhr auf.

Wann kocht die Familie Kartoffeln für Schweine?
Kartoffeln für Schweine kocht sie um 7 o'clock.

Zeitvergleichstabelle für europäische Länder

(Time comparison table for European countries)

Westeuropäische Zeit - WEZ = UTC (Universal Time Coordinated) - Western European Time Mitteleuropäische Zeit - MEZ - Central European Time (UTC + 1) Osteuropäische Zeit - OEZ - Eastern European Time (UTC + 2) Moskauer Zeit - MZ - Moscow Time (UTC + 3)

WEZ: Portugal, Großbritannien

MEZ: Deutschland, Norwegen, Belgien, Frankreich, Italien, Jugoslawien, Niederlande, Polen, Schweden, Tschechei, Slowakei, Ungarn, Österreich, Dänemark, Luxemburg, Spanien

OEZ: Bulgarien, Finnland, Rumänien, Türkei, Ukraine, Griechenland

Exercises / ÜBUNGEN

1. Find suitable phrases.

früh morgens, spät abends, gegen Mittag, am frühen Nachmittag, am späten Nachmittag, früh abends, gegen Abend, am frühen Vormittag

For example: 11.52. gegen Mittag

1) 17.50 Uhr —————————
2) 7.30 Uhr ——————————
3) 6.24 Uhr ——————————
4) 18.15 Uhr —————————-
5) 13.38 Uhr —————————
6) 23.35 Uhr —————————
7) 18.20 Uhr —————————
8) 11.40 Uhr —————————
9) 10.05 Uhr —————————

2. Calculate the day if counting from Sunday.

For example: Heute ist Sonntag. Gestern Mittag war (ist) Samstag Mittag.

1. Vorgestern Mittag
2. Übermorgen Abend
3. Morgen Abend
4. Vor vier Tagen
5. Morgen Nachmittag
6.Gestern morgen
7. In vier Tagen

3. An welchem Wochentag haben deine Freunde dieses Jahr Geburtstag? Und deine Familie?

Beispiel: Tanja hat am (an einem) Samstag Geburtstag.
Alexej hat ...